03《英译汉》试卷1
汉译英catti3英译汉翻译实务真题和答案
天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第一关〞、“中国重晶石之乡〞、“贵州高原黄金城〞之称。
〞.天柱县总面积2201平方公里，辖16个乡镇，326个行政村，总人口41万余人，以侗、苗族为主的少数民族人口占98.3%, 是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。
天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。
气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基地，享有“黔东粮仓〞的美誉。
当地年产烟叶2.6万担〔一担=50公斤〕，是中国烟叶主产区。
这里林业资源丰富，森林面积达185万亩〔一亩=1/15公顷〕，覆盖率达56%，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。
重晶石、黄金、煤等矿产资源也十分丰富。
天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。
全县国民经济稳步开展，综合实力日益增长，人民生活水平在不断提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，根底设施建设得以加强，城镇面貌日新月异。
“生态环境优美，文化教育优越，综合效劳优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力〞的新天柱呈现在世人面前。
此次的汉译英语段命题与以往有些不同，以前都是时政语段或企业介绍，如今的命题有所变化。
该文是一篇说明文，介绍了贵州天柱县丰富的自然资源。
但不管怎么变化，万变不离其宗，我们在翻译课上所讲的内容完全可以应用到该语篇的翻译中去。
下面我们来看看此篇文章是怎样运用我们所学的知识和技巧的吧。
文章的第一段正是我们在翻译课上反复强调的7大成分不做主句处理的一个典型实例。
我们着重讲授了如下7个成分一般情况下不在英语句子中充当主要句子第三段有5句，按照我们课上所讲的方法，第一句和第二句合并可以处理成如下versions，表达动词谓语的变化或带有宗教色彩的动词,另外，我们所讲的“是〞字的译法，“特点〞的英译也能够充分表现出来。
“蕴藏〞一词可以译成：boast, be blessed with/be favored with, be endowed with, “气候温和，土壤肥沃〞应该可以将其视为“特点〞，“是〞一词可以译成：serve as, function as, play the role of,Version 1.Featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil, Tianzhu, boasting abundant natural resources, serves as a major base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.〞Version 2.Tianzhu,blessed with abundant natural resources and featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil,serves as a major base of grainproduction,reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.〞此外，如果将我们在?中国茶文化?语篇中讲的用词，也可以这样来译：Be home to sth.表示蕴藏，富有，是。
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Boston Museum of Fine ArtsPart BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? ________. Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them ________. Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other? ________. Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their ________. Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? ________. Question 10 Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11.Children under five have abundant energy partly because they ________.[A] sleep in three distinct parts[B] have many five-minute naps[C] sleep in one long block[D] take one or two naps daily12.According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by ________.[A] its genes[B] its habit[C] its mental state[D] its physical condition13.The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should ________.[A] take some refreshment[B] go to bed early[C] have a long rest[D] give in to sleepQuestions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?[A] He could bring unfinished work home.[B] He might have time to pursue his interests.[C] He might do some evening teaching.[D] He could invest more emotion in his family.15. What was his original goal at college?[A] to teach in high school[B] to write his own books[C] to be a medical doctor[D] to be a mathematician16.Why did he take the poetry-writing class?[A] To follow his father.[B] For an easy grade.[C] To change his specialty.[D] For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17.What is the most important thing in public speaking?[A] Confidence.[B] Preparation.[C] Informativeness.[D] Organization.18.What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience’s attention?[A] Gather abundant data.[B] Organize the idea logically.[C] Develop a great opening.[D] Select appropriate materials.19. If you don’t start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel ________.[A] uneasy[B] uncertain[C] frustrated[D] depressed20.Who is this speech most probably meant for?[A] Those interested in the power of persuasion.[B] Those trying to improve their public images.[C] Those planning to take up some public work.[D] Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31dynamics.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39for roles that are within their 40and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40.[A] capabilities[B] responsibilities[C] proficiency[D] efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42.Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means________.[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.[A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or istested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way --in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s ________.[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientistsshould ________.[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroadscontinue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination[C] outside competitors will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat52.What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54.The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________.[A] who work as coordinators[B] who function as judges[C] who supervise transactions[D] who determine the price55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________.[A] the continuing acquisition[B] the growing traffic[C] the cheering Wall Street[D] the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hipscan be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death --and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable58.The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of ________.[A] strong disapproval[B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt[D] enthusiastic support59.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ________.[A] more flexibly[B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously[D] more reasonably60.The text intends to express the idea that ________.[A] medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos: “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-studyoriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
03年4月自考英语翻译试题及答案
2003年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。
Part OneⅠ。
Multiple Choice Questions （30 points，2 points for each）A. Directions：This part consists of ten sentences，each followed by four different versions marked [A]，[B]，[C]，and [D]. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. She blurred the ink on the letter with her tears.[A] 他的眼泪把信上的墨水弄得模糊不清。
[B] 他的眼泪把信上的字迹弄得模糊不清。
[C] 他的眼泪把信上的字句弄得模糊不清。
[D] 他的眼泪把信上的话语弄得模糊不清2. It‘s better having s hort lines with more bank tellers.[A] 如果银行出纳员多一些，不用排长队就好了。
[B]最好是排的队短一些，银行出纳员多一些。
[C]要是排的队短，银行出纳员最好多一些。
[D] 银行出纳员多一些，队就排得更短了。
3.Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.[A]在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。
[B]在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。
[C]在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。
[D] 在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。
4.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.[A]几个星期来，气恼和痛苦不断地袭击着我；这种感情上的折磨后，我感到浑身无力。
2003-2014年三级笔译实务汉译英-英译汉真题答案
英翻译笔译实务汉译英原题答案 (2003-2014)2003年12月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Part 2 Chinese—English Translation(汉译英)Translate the following passage into English (30 points，60 minutes)．On the Cultivation of the ImaginationI address these words in favor of the cultivation of the imagination.In what sense, then, do I use the word “imagination”? The meaning of “imagination” is “the power of forming ideal pictures”; “the power of representing absent things to ourselves and to others.”That is the sense in which I shall use the word “imagination” in the course of my address.Now follow out this thought and I think I can make my meaning clear. Absent things! Take history. History deals with the things of the past. They are absent in a sense, from your minds -- that is to say you cannot see them; but the study of history qualifies you and strengthens your capacity for understanding things that are not Present to you, and thus I wish to recommend history to you as a most desirable course of study.2004年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Section 2 Chinese-English Translation(汉译英)(40 points)It isn’t often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year，when l went to Bing Xin’s house，I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she became a poet. “I haven’t written poetry for many years，” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.”Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a women’s college in Beijing in l919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement，a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems，articles and stories，attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms.Going to the U.S. in l 923 to study literature，she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame, not only because she was a woman writer, but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xin’s writings that started them on the road they have since followed.2004年11月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Section 2：Chinese-English Translation(汉译英)(40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.In recent years, the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of “holiday economics”, giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and theopportunity to spend more savings on travel, shopping and eating out. In 2004, total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan.Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to 2013, creating 40 million jobs. The indirect effects of tourism are even greater, accounting for an estimated US$184billion of economic activity and contributing to some 54 million jobs. That activity includes significant investment in tourism projects, as well as government travel expenditures on meetings.China has spent heavily on building roads, railway stations and airports. New airlines and bus companies have emerged, and competition has cut the cost of travel. A one-way air ticket between Shanghai and Beijing costs 850-900 yuan, and cheaper prices are occasionally available. Some airlines have begun online ticketing services, making it even easier to take a holiday. More private cars and the emergence of car rental agencies have allowed millions of people to travel on their own, as well as in tour groups.2005年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Section 2：Chinese-English Translation(汉译英)(40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.Tibet, located on the “Roof of the World”, is still an underdeveloped area in China because of its harsh natural conditions and various social and historical restrictions formed by centuries of backward feudal serfdom. However, the development of Tibet in the past 50 years has greatly changed its former poor and backward look, and the Tibetan people’s living standards have greatly improved. Social-and-economic development has enriched the people’s material and cultural life remarkably. In 2000, people of various ethnic groups in Tibet basically shook off poverty, and had enough to eat and wear. Some of them began to live a better-off life. Along with the improvement in the people’s livelihood, consumer goods such as refrigerators, color TV sets, washing machines, motorcycles and wristwatches have entered more and more ordinary homes. Many well-off farmers and herdsmen have built new houses. Some have even bought automobiles. Currently, Tibet ranks first in per-capita housing in the country. Radio, television, telecommunications, the Internet and other modern information transmission means are now part of daily life in Tibet. News about various parts of the country and the world now reach most people in Tibet by radio and TV. Local people can obtain information from and make contacts with other parts of the country and the world through telephone, telegram, fax or the Internet. The Tibetan people’s health has also improved substantially, because the situation featuring a lack of both doctors and medicine has changed fundamentally. The average life expectancy of the Tibetan people has increased from 35.5 years in the 1950s to 67 years presently.2005年11月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Over the past 25 years, China has been firmly pressing ahead with the implementation of the reform program and the initiative of opening up to the outside world. With the establishment of a preliminary socialist market economy, and the nation’s economy attaining an outward-oriented perspective, the productive forces and the comprehensive national competence have been on the rising curve constantly. And various social undertakings have been developing in full swing. The living standard of the Chinese people as a whole has undergone a historical leap from asubsistence level to the level of moderate prosperity.In the 25 years between 1978 and 2003, the annual growth rate of China's economy was running at an average of 9.4 percent, with its GDP jumping from 147.3 billion US dollars to over 1.4 trillion US dollars.25 years ago, China’s foreign trade value and foreign exchange reserves each stood at 20.6 billion and 167 million in US dollars, but last year they shot up to 851.2 billion US dollars and 403.3 billion US dollars respectively.China has now become the sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader in the world.The tremendous changes in China are attributed to the fact that we have adhered to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and persevered in our reform and opening endeavors, which brought into full play the Chinese people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativeness.Though China has scored impressive achievements in its development, we must not lose sight of our problems: overpopulation, a weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and the fairly sharp contradictions between the country's ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other.China's per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks well behind the 100th place in the world.To realize China's modernization program and offer all the Chinese people a prosperous life there is yet an uphill battle to fight.We have already set our vision for the first 20 years of this century, which involves the building of a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard in an all-round way for the benefit of well over one billion Chinese people. By 2020 the GDP will be quadrupled from the figure of 2000 to 4 trillion US dollars, with the per capita level averaging at 3,000 US dollars. By then the nation will be immersed in an ambience of greater social harmony with an improved quality of life for the people, featuring a more developed economy, more sound democracy, more thriving culture and more advanced science and education.2006年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Mineral resources are an important part of natural resources and an important material foundation for the development of human society. China is one of the first countries in the world to develop and utilize resources.Over the past five decades, China has made great achievements in the survey and development of its mineral resources. This has provided an important guarantee for the sustained, rapid and sound development of the Chinese economy.The Chinese Government attaches great importance to sustainable development and the rational utilization of mineral resources. It has made sustainable development a national strategy and the protection of resources an important part of this strategy.China is developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources. It depends mainly on the exploitation of its own mineral resources to meet the needs of its modernization program. Meanwhile, it has made energetic efforts to introduce foreign capital and technology to exploit its own resources, make use of foreign markets and foreign mineral resources, and strive to help its own mining enterprises and mineral products to enter theinternational market.2006年11月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Section 2：Chinese—English Translation(汉译为(40 points)Translate the following passage into English．The time for this section is 80 minutes．China's retail industry has become an important economic growth point. The economic reform since 1978 kept private economy growing. Now, a large part of private economy is focused on retail. The Chinese government has intensified the reform of its retail industry, as a result, the tertiary industry is growing at its unprecedented prosperity. Customers are now treated in a “Godly” manner.The reform and opening up significantly improved the Chinese people's living standards. Retail spending is expected to exceed $450 billion and is increasing at a rate of about 10% a year. Retail trade has become one of the country's main sources of revenue.Department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, chain stores and convenience stores offer shoppers competitive choice and flexible shopping hours.Because of the increasing income, people are now able to buy what they couldn’t afford. Great changes have also taken place in people's consumption patterns. Consumers are no longer content to eat, wear, and they started to buy big-ticket items such as cars and apartments. More and more people have private cars, which has somewhat changed the shopping patterns. Malls are emerging in the suburbs, targeting those customers who shop less frequently but like to buy in large quantities. At the same time, the widespread use of credit cards has comprehensively promoted the consumption.2007年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Section2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions.The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society.Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed their industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy resources, in the process. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era of industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable for their economic and social development.China is the largest developing country in the world, and developing its economy and eliminating poverty will, for a long time to come, remain the main tasks for the Chinese government and the Chinese people. Since the late 1970s, China, as the fastest growing developing country, has scored brilliant achievements in its economy and society that have attracted worldwide attention, successfully blazed the trail of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and made significant contributions to world development and prosperity.China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growthof energy supply has provided an important support for the country's economic growth and social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.2007年11月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Your mention of ASEAN reminds me of an ASEAN meeting I attended last year.I remember on that occasion Mr. Mahathir and Mr. Goh Chok Tong drew a vivid analogy between China and a "friendly elephant".They told me the rise of China would not pose a threat to their countries. To answer your question, let me say China has a history of 5,000 years. We had a glorious past, but we also suffered humiliation and subjugation. The rise of China and its rejuvenation are the dreams of the Chinese people for many generations. What are the connotations of China's peaceful rise? Let me make the following points.Firstly, in promoting China's peaceful rise, we must take full advantage of the very good opportunity of world peace to endeavor to develop and strengthen ourselves, and at the same time safeguard world peace with our own development.Secondly, the rise of China can only be based on our own strength and on our independent, self-reliant and hard efforts. It also has to be based on the broad market of China, the abundant human resources and capital reserves as well as the innovation of our systems as a result of reform.Thirdly, China's rise could not be achieved without the rest of the world. We must always maintain the opening up policy and develop economic and trade exchanges with all friendly countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.Fourthly, China's rise will require a long period of time and probably the hard work of many generations of Chinese people.Fifthly, the rise of China will not stand in the way of any other country or pose a threat to any other country, or be achieved at the expense of any particular nation. China does not seek hegemony now. Nor will we ever seek hegemony even after China becomes more powerful.2008年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题China has always given top priority to the work of talents and has implemented the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development, and has made great efforts to develop human resources and created necessary conditions and environment for the full display of their talents after many years of practice.It was during the planned economy that the employment system of engineering and technical personnel came into existence. With the establishment of the socialist market economy and the socio-economic development, the employment system is badly in need of improvement and reform.Departments such as Ministry of Personnel, Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Education, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and China’s association for Science and Technology have specially established a leadership group, organized the study of the technical personnel, engineering and technical personnel, and staged out the reform framework for those people and established the performance evaluation system that is ability-oriented, proactively promoting the international recognition and certification system for engineers.2008年11月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题During the rush hours on the modern light railway lines in the metropolitan city of Shanghai, some of the commuters are often seen calling friends on their cell phones（or making phone calls）, while some others are browsing on their laptops or watching shows on flat-panel monitors in the carriages.Throughout the country, many semi-conductor factories have sprung up in former fields. And in cities which expand with each passing day, numerous universities and hi-tech zones teeming with new companies impress people of the mode of the Silicon Valley in the United States.China has a large number of technical personnel. Thanks to these talents, China's capability of high-tech designing and development is improving.China has taken a large number of global manufacturing operations such as production of TV sets, computers, mobile phones and other electronic products. At the same time, China is planning to make more complex, more sophisticated high-tech products such as computer chips and network switches.The Chinese government is committed to supporting the information technology industry, making it a major economic pillar by focusing on development of semiconductor and software industry, and providing new companies with cheap land and tax incentives.For foreign investors, the attraction of China lies in its large-scaled and rapid-expanding domestic market. Another advantage is the low salaries, Chinese engineers earn only one tenth of their Western counterparts.2009年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Version I.As a world-famous business center and one of the most important securities markets in Asia, Shanghai boasts the best-known seaport and a huge market that the world top 500 enterprises/entities cannot ignore. Shanghai, as an international metropolis, will host the 2010 World Expo, thus becoming the first host city among those in developing countries. The theme of the World Expo—City Makes a Better Life/A Better City, A Better Life. Shanghai, with a population of 17 million people, will be hosting the World Expo from May to October, 2010, which is expected to have the world record of 70 million visitors. Shanghai has planned a 30-billion US dollar investment in the construction of its all-round infrastructure. In order to ensure the smooth flow of its traffic during the World Expo, Shanghai will put more investment in the construction of its urban roads and subway system. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the World Expo, a lot of exhibition halls and convention centers will be constructed all along the Huangpu River banks, including high-tech exhibition halls and convention centers. The Shanghai municipal government is determined to avail itself of this opportunity to constantly improve the city life. Many important infrastructure will be completed in 2010. After the expo, most of the buildings will be transformed into living, office or recreational facilities.Version II.Shanghai, as a world-famous business center, enjoys/boasts/ the most famous/the best-known seaport /harbor, one of the biggest securities markets in Asia and a huge market that can not be ignored by the world top 500 enterprises.Shanghai, (as) an international metropolis, will host the 2010 World Expo, which is todevelop itself into the first hosting city among the cities in the developing countries.The theme of this world expo—city, a better life.Better City, Better LifeThe period from May to October 2010 will mark /witness /see /find/ the hosting of the World Expo by Shanghai, a city with a population of 17 million, which will reach/come to an estimated record number of 70 million people in all.Shanghai, a city with a population of 17 million (people), will host the World Expo from May to October 2010, with an expected/estimated record number of 70 million people in all. Shanghai is planning to invest US $/USD 3 billion/3 billion US dollars in the all-round /full-scaled/ construction of its infrastructure.(to construct its infrastructure in an all-round manner.) During the World Expo/In the period of the World Expo, to ensure/guarantee/ the convenience of the traffic/to facilitate the traffic, more money/funds will be invested/put/ in the construction of the (city’s) urban roads and subway /underground/ system.According to/In accordance with the relevant /related regulations, a series of /a number of exhibition halls will be built up on both sides /banks of the Huangpu River, including hi-tech exhibition halls and conference centers.Shanghai Municipal Government is determined /resolved/ to constantly improve its city life. Much of the important/major/ infrastructure will be completed/accomplished before 2010, most of which will, after the world expo, be renovated for the use/purpose/ of living, working and leisure.2009年11月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题The world financial crisis has brought unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: economic growth is facing greater pressure; imports and exports have been on the decline; industrial production has notably slowed down; some enterprises are having a hard time in their production and business operation; and employment is becoming more and more difficult.This crisis coincides with a crucial junction in China’s efforts to transform the growth pattern and adjust the economic structure. New challenges coupled with existing problems have made our task all the more arduous.To counter the impact of the world financial crisis and maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth, China has promptly adjusted its macroeconomic policies, resolutely adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, and formulated a package plan to expand domestic demand and boost economic growthThe Chinese government has substantially increased its expenditures by introducing a two-year investment plan totaling 4 trillion yuan, and carried out structural tax cuts, lowered interest rates on a number of occasions and increased liquidity in the banking system. It has also implemented industrial restructuring and rejuvenation plans on a large scale, vigorously promoted scientific innovation and technological upgrading, and intensified efforts on energy conservation, emission reduction and environment protection. It has further endeavored to adjust the distribution of national income, energetically expand domestic markets, especially rural markets, and significantly raise the level of social security.These measures have already produced initial results, as shown by the current fairly strong domestic consumption, a steady rise in investment demand and overall social stability.2010年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and development of mankind, and is a major challenge facing all countries. Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development. It is associated with both natural factors and human activities. It is an environmental issue, but also, and more importantly, a development issue, as it is closely connected with the development stage, way of life, size of population and resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international division of labor. In the final analysis, we should and can only advance efforts to address climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge through common development. China has adopted and is implementing the National Climate Change Program, which includes mandatory national targets for reducing energy intensity and the discharge of major pollutants, and increasing forest coverage and the share of renewable energy for the period of 2005 through 2010.China attaches great importance to and has actively promoted scientific development, that is, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development which puts people's interests first. We have set the building of a conservation culture as a major strategic task.China has been attaching great importance to and actively pressing ahead with a comprehensive and sustainable advance of science on the basis of putting people first, and has definitely put forth the major strategic task of constructing its ecological awareness.We will adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and follow the path of sustainable development. We will make fresh contributions to tackling climate change as we accelerate transition to a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society and make China a country of innovation.In the years ahead, China will further integrate actions on climate change into its economic and social development plan and take the following measures:First, we will intensify effort to conserve energy and improve energy efficiency. We will endeavor to cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by a notable margin by 2020 from the 2005 level. Second, we will vigorously develop renewable energy and nuclear energy. We will endeavor to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 15% by 2020. Third, we will energetically increase forest carbon sink. We will endeavor to increase forest coverage by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters by 2020 from the 2005 levels. Fourth, we will step up effort to develop green economy, low-carbon economy and circular economy, and enhance research, development and dissemination of climate-friendly technologies.2010年11月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题Section 2 汉译英(50分)The Internet helps promote China’s economic and social development. In the economic field, it has spread its influence into traditional industries, leading to the quick emergence of new business models and the service economy and generating new types of industries. It is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic restructuring and transforming the pattern of economic development. It has become a major engine propelling China’s economic development. Information technology and the IT industry, including the Internet, have made significant contributions to China’s rapid economic growth. (10分 )The incessant integration of the Internet and the real economy and the transformation andupgrading of traditional industries through the Internet have given impetus to restructuring traditional industries and changing the pattern of economic development. The development and application of the Internet has given rise to many new industries. Service for the development of industries such as industrial counseling, software service and outsourcing are mushrooming. IT has been playing an increasingly prominent role in promoting independent innovation, energy conservation, emission reduction and pollution control. And the Internet has become a new strategic industry in China’s development of a low-carbon economy. (20分)The Chinese government will vigorously promote the expansion of websites featuring e-commerce and education, promote the building of e-government, support the development of emerging media, such as online radio and online television, and call for the provision of rich and varied Internet information services to meet the people’s diversified, multi-level needs of information consumption. (10分)2011年5月英翻笔译实务汉译英试题To follow the basic state policy of opening-up, unswervingly develop an open economy and pursue a win-win strategy of opening-up is a useful experience that has underpinned the sustained and rapid development of the Chinese economy over the past 30 years and more. To attract foreign investment, pick competitive foreign investors and bring in "financial resources" and "intellectual resources" both at the same time is an important element of China's opening-up policy. By July 2010, a total of 698,000 foreign-invested enterprises had been established in China, registering a paid-in capital of US$1.05 trillion. Today, in China, 22% of tax revenues, 28% of added industrial value, 55% of foreign trade, 50% of technology import and some 45 million job opportunities are contributed by foreign-invested enterprises. Opening to the outside world and attracting foreign investment are mutually beneficial and complementary. For China, continued introduction of foreign investment has provided necessary fund, advanced technologies and valuable managerial expertise and many global-minded talents to support the country's modernization drive. For foreign enterprises, investing in China has generated handsome returns. Many foreign-invested enterprises in China have become the growth engines and profit centers of their parent companies' global business.In recent years, we have worked in line with the characteristics of the different stages of opening-up, and the requirements to improve an open economic system that focuses on both domestic and international markets, that promotes win-win and mutually beneficial cooperation, and that emphasizes security and effectiveness. And we have actively summed up our successful experience in past years. We better coordinated our "inviting in" and "going global" strategies, adopted new ways of conducting overseas investment and cooperation and supported enterprises to develop international operation in research and development, production and distribution. By the end of 2009, China had set up a total of 13,000 overseas enterprises with overall assets reaching more than US$1 trillion, and had made US$245.7 billion of overseas investment in 177 countries and regions. We are stepping up efforts to facilitate various forms of overseas investment cooperation, develop our own multinational companies and support well-positioned enterprises to establish international sales distribution networks. We are working to strengthen overseas infrastructure construction cooperation, and develop overseas labor contract cooperation in a well-managed fashion. And we are actively advancing the construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. Our aim is to alleviate the tensions between overcapacity and weak。
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they areadjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new inteHectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success andknowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle isalready filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there aremore winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with manystudent-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This doesnot mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 , they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking40.[A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency[D] efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the u great game“ of espionage -- spying as a "profession.v These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen\ e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source inte lligence,“ and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford. Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine；' says Friedman, a fbnner political science professor. "And we41 hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good iiifbniiation from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfordbriefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has.|A] received support from fans like Donovan|B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes|D] revived spying as a profession42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to.|A] introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the U.S.[C]give an episode of the information war|D] honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means.|A] causing the biggest trouble|B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success|D] enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that.[A]Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B]Straitford guarantees the tnithfulness of its information[C]Straitford\ business is characterized by unpredictability[D]Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its.|A] official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff|D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, u Theii I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother^ hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seemswasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of tiuth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively reciuit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizeniy will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to.[A]call on scientists to take some actions|B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C]warn of the doom of biomedical research[D]show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.|A] cruel but natural[B]inhuman and unacceptable[C]inevitable but vicious|D] pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's[A]discontent with animal research|B] ignorance about medical science[C]indifference to epidemics[D]anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientistsshould.[A]communicate more with the public|B] employ hi-tech means in research[C]feel no shame for their cause[D]strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is.|A] a well-known humanist|B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights|D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coat chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20 to 30 percent more th an they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. u Do we really want raikoads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?^ asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquii'e Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the canyiiig costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because *|A] cost reduction is based on competition[B]services call for cross-trade coordination[C]outside competitors will continue to exist[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat52.What is many captive shippers5 attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.|B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.|D] Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad|B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54.The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those[A]who work as coordinators[B]who function as judges[C]who supervise transactions[D]who determine the price55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by *[A]the continuing acquisition[B]the growing traffic[C]the cheering Wall Street[D]the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans5 life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. Tlie most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- fiustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient --too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002. the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age -- say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying tha t the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,“ so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old.I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could iinpiove people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?[A]Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B]Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C]Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D]Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.[A]medical resources are often wasted[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C]some treatments are too aggressive[D]medical costs are becoming unaffordable58.The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of.[A]strong disapproval[B]reserved consent[C]slight contempt|D] enthusiastic support59.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care[A]more flexibly[B]more extravagantly[C]more cautiously[D]more reasonably60.The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people's lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C]death should be accepted as a fact of life|D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePartBDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furtheimorg humans have the ability to modify the environment in which [hey live, thus subjecting all other life foirns to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology“ derives from the Greek words anthropos: "human^ and logos “the study of." By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned、orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that Mural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought [o the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as ”・・・ that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law、custom. and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor,s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anlhropological coocept of “culture." like the concept of “set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of conciete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)温室国医不起血雨。
03年考研英语一真题
03年考研英语一真题IntroductionIn 2003, the English Language Proficiency Exam (ELPE) for postgraduate studies in China included an essay question that challenged candidates' language skills and critical thinking abilities. This article aims to analyze and provide a comprehensive review of the 2003 exam and discuss its significance in the context of English language education for postgraduate students in China.Overview of the 2003 ELPEThe 2003 ELPE essay question was centered around the topic of globalization. Candidates were required to write an essay expressing their views on whether globalization is beneficial or detrimental to the world. The prompt provided a thought-provoking statement and required candidates to critically analyze and present their arguments within a limited word count.Analysis of the Essay QuestionThe essay question provided candidates with an opportunity to showcase their language skills, critical thinking abilities, and ability to express ideas coherently and persuasively. The topic of globalization was not only relevant in 2003 but continues to shape our world today. Thus, this particular essay question was of utmost importance as it challenged candidates to think beyond their textbooks and engage in discussions about global issues.Evaluation of Candidates' PerformanceThe 2003 ELPE essay question invited candidates to provide arguments both in favor and against globalization. The evaluation of candidates' performance focused on their ability to present a well-structured essay, support their viewpoints with valid examples and evidence, and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the topic.Notably, some candidates excelled in their ability to provide a balanced perspective on the matter and effectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Their essays exhibited a high level of language proficiency, critical thinking, and logical organization of ideas. However, a significant proportion of candidates faced challenges in effectively articulating their arguments and failed to present a coherent response.Significance for English Language EducationThe inclusion of such a thought-provoking essay question in the 2003 ELPE highlighted the importance of English language education for postgraduate students in China. The question not only assessed the candidates' language proficiency but also their ability to engage in critical discussions and communicate ideas effectively.This type of examination format encouraged students to develop their language skills beyond the conventional memorization techniques. It emphasized the need to equip students with the ability to think critically, provide well-supported arguments, and express their ideas in a structured and coherent manner.ConclusionThe 2003 ELPE essay question on globalization challenged candidates to think critically, express their ideas effectively, and demonstrate their language proficiency. This examination format played a significant role in assessing the candidates' ability to engage in discussions about global issues and their understanding of the English language.Ultimately, the inclusion of such essay questions in English language examinations for postgraduate students is essential for providing a comprehensive assessment of their language skills, critical thinking abilities, and readiness to contribute to global discussions.。
2003年考题翻译答案
I．英译汉：现在，城市化比以前任何时候都更有影响。
它是世界性的，到处都可以感受到它的影响。
联合国的统计数字表明，在约30年的时间里，全世界过半的人口将住在城市里。
这是个具有深远意义的转变，也许是人类史的一个重要里程碑并将以现在无法想象的方式去影响着人类和大自然。
整个人类的定居史都与地形学和资源有着密切的联系。
直到几个世纪之前，人类定居模式还是主要由农业、渔业、采矿业、水利和国防而定。
城镇和村落相继发展成了商业和市场中心，服务于落后地区。
在欧洲，从文艺复兴起，有钱人就在乡下修建了大型的住宅，然后往返于城乡之间。
大多数这样的城市化发展到了一定的规模，这样的转变速度就能够要求它要与自然环境和谐相处。
II 汉译英：1．To realize the established layout and goals of economic and social development , China needs not only a domestic stability, but also an international peaceful setting, especially peaceful environment with surrounding countries. Peace and development are two big issues around the world and people everywhere hope to have a stable and peaceful environment to develop their economy and better their lives.2．In these years, as Chinese economy develops fast , China has begun the practice of many practical and flexible new approaches to the foreign trade policy, open-door policy, and foreign trade system. According to the information issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of PRC, the total volume of China’s import and export is increasing.3．Scientists are doing research on the relation of longevity and existence psychology and social aspects. Many factors that affect life are innate. But to our surprise, many factors can be changed by man. We have already learnt a very important way to benefit the health condition, namely, changing unhealthy mood into a sound one.4．The involution of knowledge is irreversible, yet it is the duty for the society to point out what is improperly used. If possible, man should act now and make international restrictions to forbid any experiment of human-cloning in the world.5．Astronauts must be very strong and healthy to sustain the great pressure they would feel during the launching and landing. When traveling in space or orbiting around the planet, the feeling of weight caused by gravity no longer exist. This state is called weightlessness.。
公共英语等级考试三级英译汉试题荟萃
公共英语等级考试三级英译汉试题荟萃1、他这次考试失败使他意识到定期复习功课是多么重要。
He failed in the exam, which has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly.2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。
Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home.3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的。
I’m sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job.4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎么培养良好的学习习惯。
The purpose of his article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits.5、在当今时代，人们越来越多地依靠计算机来解决各种各样的难题。
In our age, people depend more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems.6、略读不仅帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解，还帮助你读得快些，提高你的阅读理解力。
Skimming not only helps you get some idea of what you are going to read, but also helps you read faster and improve your comprehension.7、有些人认为男孩子考试成绩总是比女孩子好。
然而，事实未必如此。
Some people think that boys performance on tests is always better than girls. That is not necessarily the case, however.8、即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯而成为优等生。
好：级英译汉试卷A卷1
B.我睡着写，出门也写，日日夜夜地写。
C.我在床上写，下了床写，没日没夜地写。
D.我卧床写，起床写；白天写，晚上也写。
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (35%)1.The surgeons weren’t sure how long my new joints would last, but they areholding up fine. (增词法)2.She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when heawakened.(减词法)3.The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost upon the judges.(正反表达转换)4.Much effort was made in determining the differences between the twoschools of painting.(被动转主动)5.If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve, I am quite of youropinion.(释义法)6.Other doctors I went to dispensed the same diagnosis along withprescriptions that either didn’t help or upset things further.（长句分译）7.On my way to school I can see the babbling water in the brook, hear the frogscroaking, cuckoos cuckooing, sparrows chirping in the woods. （声色词）8.You’re flogging a dead horse by asking him to lend you money—he hasn’teven got enough for himself. （习语）9.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of ourraw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.（变静态为动态）10.Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those whomost need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds. （定语从句）III. Translate the following underlined paragraphs into Chinese (50%)Shall We Choose Death?By Bertrand Russell（December 30, 1954）I am speaking not as a Briton, not as a European, not as a member of a western democracy, but as a human being, a member of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts: Jews and Arabs; Indians and Pakistanis; white men and Negroes in Africa; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between communism and anticommunism.Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings aboutone or more of these issues; but I want you, if you can, to set aside such feelings for the moment and consider yourself only as a member of a biological species which has had a remarkable history and whose disappearance none of us can desire. I shall try to say no single word which should appeal to one group rather than to another. All, equally, are in peril, and, if the peril is understood, there is hope that they may collectively avert it. We have to learn to think in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourselves not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we prefer, for there no longer are such steps. The question we have to ask ourselves is: What steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all sides?The general public, and even many men in positions of authority, have not realized what would be involved in a war with hydrogen bombs. The general public still thinks in terms of the obliteration of cities. It is understood that the new bombs are more powerful than the old and that, while one atomic bomb could obliterate Hiroshima, one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London, New York, and Moscow. No doubt in a hydrogen-bomb war, great cities would be obliterated. But this is one of the minor disasters that would have to be faced. If everybody in London, New York, and Moscow were exterminated, the world might, in the course of a few centuries, recover from the blow. But we now know, especially since the Bikini test, that hydrogen bombs can gradually spread destruction over a much wider area than had been supposed. It is stated on very good authority that a bomb can now be manufactured which will be 25,000 times as powerful as that which destroyed Hiroshima. Such a bomb, if exploded near the ground or under water, sends radioactive particles into the upper air. They sink gradually and reach the surface of the earth in the form of a deadly dust or rain. It was this dust which infected the Japanese fishermen and their catch of fish although they were outside what American experts believed to be the danger zone. No one knows how widely such lethal radioactive particles might be diffused, but the best authorities are unanimous in saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human race. It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs are used there will be universal death - sudden only for a fortunate minority, but for the majority a slow torture of disease and disintegration...四川外语学院《英译汉（1）》期末考试A卷参考答案I.Multiple Choice Questions（每小题3分，共15分）1. [B]2. [C]3. [A]4. [D]5. [D]II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese（前5题每小题3分，后5题每小题4分，共35分）1.那些外科医生当时不能肯定我的新关节可以维持多久，但是它们至今还是运转良好呢。
2003年12月CATTI三级笔译实务真题
模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！2003年12月CATTI 三级笔译实务真题一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题2小题．每题30.0分，共60.0分。
Translate the following passage （s ） into Chinese ）第1题If you have never seen a power plant, you might find it hard to imagine how enormously complex the equipment is or how much heat is generated by the boilers or how much coal it takes to fuel the furnaces for just one day. During the course of a day, the boilers at one of our power plants, Morgantown, for example, can turn 24 million gallons of water into steam. That generating plant alone uses 9,900 tons of coal in its furnaces in just one day. Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) uses so much coal that we have purchased two 80-car unit trains to facilitate the delivery process. And Morgantown alone can produce over 25 million kilowatthours of electricity in a single day's operation.Electricity is produced by spinning large magnets inside a coil of wire within the generator. The faster we spin the magnets, the higher will be the voltage of the electricity produced. Electricity leaves a PEPCO generator at between 13,800 and 24,000 volts.The next step in the process occurs when electricity passes through a transformer where the voltage is stepped up to continue on its journey.A transmission wire is like a small diameter pipe. Stepping up the voltage is like increasing water pressure, thus speeding the flow of energy through the system.【正确答案】：如果你从未见过一座发电厂，你可能很难想象发电设备是多么复杂，锅炉能产生多么巨大的热量，而炉子每天又是需要烧多少煤。
2003年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析
2003年英译汉试题
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
浙江省2003年1月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题1
课程代码：00088⼀、单词或短语的英汉互译(共10分)1.将下列词语译成中⽂(5分)(1)in the red(2)the silk trade(3)a precaution against withdrawals(4)inventory carrying costs(5)GNP2.将下列词语译成英⽂(5分)(6)交通阻塞 (7)原材料 (8)需求曲线(9)英国⼯业⾰命 (10)资本设备⼆、词汇应⽤和语法结构(共30分)(⼀)词汇应⽤(15分)：选择答案完成句⼦。
1.Foods composed of two or more ingredients must ______ labels listing all ingredients.A.bringB.putC.writeD.bear2.They were ______ for almost one hour in the traffic jam, so they missed the train.A.put upB.held upC.put onD.held on3.I can finish it ______ quickly if you do not bother me.A.fairlyB.ratherC.tooD.so4.For two thousand years, this custom in the town ______ unchanged.stsB.remainsC.staysD.continues5.As he read, Mr. Smith looked up ______ to greet someone he knew.A.oftenB.sometimeuallyD.occasionally6.Nearly every major city in the world ____ some form of public transportation.A.providesB.givesC.suppliesD.brings7.He made a great ______ to be kind and friendly to every student of his.A.attemptB.practiceC.effortD.power8.The cost of the material is ______ in the bill for the work.A.enclosedbinedC.keptD.included9.It is not our normal ______ to give credit, but this time I think we should consider the matter more closely.A.practiceB.stateC.intentionD.occasion10.In 1994 ______, the factory saved 20,000 RMB for our country.A.aloneB.lonelyC.stillD.whole11.Your wife is ______ along very well.She'll be out of hospital soon.ingB.goingC.keepingD.taking12.The flight to Shanghai was ______ because of snow.A.delayedB.deposedC.divertedD.rejected13.I ______ my house against fire.A.insureB.assureC.ensureD.sure14.It seems that they are reluctant to undertake the scheme.Theunderlined word can be replaced by ______.A.willinglyB.unwillingC.wishfulD.responsible15.Most people are more or less selfish.The underlined part means ______.A.somewhereB.somewhatC.somehowD.slightly(⼆)语法结构(15分)选择答案完成句⼦。
英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题答案及详解
2003年12月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题答案及详解2003年12月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题答案及详解Section 1 (25 分,每题分)Part 11. B2. D3. D4. B5. D6. D7. A8. A9. D 10. Bll. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. DPart 222. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B30. B31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. DPart 336. B 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A46. A 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. BSection 2 (25 分, 每题1 分)51. C 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. B61. A 62. D 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. A 67. A 68. C 69. D 70. B71. D 72. B 73. B 74. B 75. DSection 3 (20 分,每空1分)1. about2. only3. transmitted4. mass media5. communication6. include7. interpersonal8. deal/cope9. marital 10. how 11. interdisciplinary 12. such13. most 14. minimized 15. cultures 16. influence/affect17. field 18. focus/concentrate 19. conduct/do 20. understandingSection 4 (30 分)综合解析:Section 1Part 1[分析]形近识别。
高考真题英语试卷英译汉
Section I: Listening ComprehensionPart A1. W: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest supermarket?M: Sure, it's on the other side of the street. Just go straight ahead and turn left at the traffic lights.翻译：女士：打扰一下，你能告诉我去最近的超市怎么走吗？男士：当然可以，它在街的另一边。
一直往前走，在红绿灯处左转。
2. W: I can't find my keys. Have you seen them anywhere?M: No, I haven't. Maybe you left them at home.翻译：女士：我找不到我的钥匙了。
你看到它们在哪儿了吗？男士：没有，我没看到。
可能你把它们落在家里了。
3. W: How was your vacation in Beijing?M: It was amazing. I visited the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and the Summer Palace. I also tried Peking duck for the first time.翻译：女士：你的北京之行怎么样？男士：太棒了。
我参观了故宫、长城和颐和园。
我还是第一次尝试了北京烤鸭。
Part B4. Q: What did the woman want to do?A: She wanted to find a job.翻译：问题：女士想做什么？答案：她想要找一份工作。
5. Q: What did the man say about the book?A: He thought it was interesting.翻译：问题：男士对那本书说了什么？答案：他认为那本书很有趣。
2003年上海海事大学英汉互译考研真题
2003年上海海事大学英汉互译考研真题Put the following passage into Chinese∶（本题满分75分）Violence in the School YardI still remember——-my hands and my finger-tips still remember!——-what usedto lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The guava（番石榴）trees in the school yard would be in full leaf again, and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps. In places there were even more than just heaps of them: it would be like a muddy sea of leaves."Get that all swept up!"the headmaster would tell us."I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!""At once!"There was enough work there, very hard work, too, to last for a week.Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails."Now see that it's done properly, and be quick about it,"the headmaster would say to the older pupils, "or you'll have to answer for it!"So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops, and we would set to work like members of a chain-gang If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, used to find it simpler to whip us with branchespulled from the trees.In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes of Indian corn and the steamed fish, which we used to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did nofdo this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or empty purse, the blows were re-doubled. They hit us so violently and often, and with such devilishenjoyment, that even a deaf and dumb person would have realised that we were beingflogged（抽打）not so much to make us work harder，but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally, one of us ,worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be very angry, but the punishment he inflicted on the older boys was always very small——nothin compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained,our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so;I don't know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can see now thatwe were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to Oour nature _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________Put the following passage into English∶（本题满分75分）关于《红楼梦》的两个英译本中国著名古典小说《红楼梦》，是我们引以为骄傲的优秀民族文化遗产。
2003-2015年历年考研英语翻译真题及答案 英语一(可直接打印版)
（2015）Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of de nse woods.50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.（2014）Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely andexclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.（2013）It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; 46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. 47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. 48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, 49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal lift, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. 50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.（2012）Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton's laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeksa theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.(47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrainedbeginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered to be forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world's languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who postulated that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. (50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.（2011）With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner chara cter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ W e do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstanc es do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early l ife and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.（2010）One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless"species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.（2009）There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50) W e are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.（2008）Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.（2007）The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.（2006）Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, notAmerica, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.（2005）It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bringtogether television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, di vided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.（2004）The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of。
翻译三级笔译综合能力2003年12月(含答案)
2003 年 12 月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 Points)This section consists of three parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer.1． In Hong Kong, doctors reported that, for unclear reasons, 12 recovered SARS patients had ______ weeks after they had been discharged -- spurring fears that people might be infectious even after they'd left isolation.A. recoveredB. relapsedC. reexaminedD. re-diagnosed2．Current demographic trends, such as the fall in the birth rate, should favor ______ economic growth in the long run.A. slowB. quickenedC. speededD. accelerated3.All students have free ______ to the library.4.Columbus had accomplished one of the most amazing and courageous ______ in history.5.According to the weather forecast, which is usually ______ , it will snow this afternoon.6.The janitor's long service with the company was ______ a present.A. confirmed byB. recorded withC. appreciated byD. acknowledged with7． What they never take into account is the frazzled woman who is leading a ______ life -- trying to be a good mother while having to pretend at work that she doesn't have kids at all.A. doubleB. hardC. two-wayD. miserable8.Until the final votes are cast, though, assurances ______ for nothing.9.Some philosophers insist that one way to ______ knowledge is through an empirical approach.A. disseminateB. classifyC. testD. acquire10.If you think her experience is ______, we will employ her.A. sustainableB. adequateC. strongD. positive11.The trouble is that not many students really know how to make use of their ______ time to its bestA. benefitB. advantageC. valueD. profit12.Readers ______ happy endings may find the unvarnished view of modem motherhood a bit unsettling.A. fondB. preferredC. adapted toD. accustomed to13.The explorer told the boys about his ______ in the African forests.A. storiesB. voyageC. adventuresD. trips14.We were working ______ time to get everything ready for the exhibition.A. againstB. inC. onD. ahead15.He drove fast and arrived an hour ______ schedule.A. in advanceB. beforeC. byD. ahead of16.If you hear the fire ______, leave the building quickly.A. warningB. alarmC. signalD. bell17.The troops have been on the ______ for a possible enemy attack.A. alarmB. alertC. warningD. notice18.Although his people did not ______ his efforts, he kept trying.A. agree withB. apply toC. approve ofD. consent with19.Picasso's ______ ability was apparent in his early youth when he started drawing sketches.A. writingB. artisticC. reasoningD. literary20.We hope that the measures to control prices, ______ taken by the government, will succeed.A. whenB. sinceC. afterD. asPart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. You are to select the ONE choice that can replace the underlined word without causing any grammatical error or changing the principal meaning of the sentence. There is only one right answer.21.She bustled about with an assumption of authority.A. airB. suppositionC. appearanceD. face22.Table tennis is easy to learn, and, by the same token, boys don't need a lot of space to practice it.A. by the same ruleB. symbolicallyC. moreoverD. by logic23.The old man sat before the fire in a trance, thinking of his past life.A. in a special positionB. in a cozy stateC. in a sleepy stateD. in a meditative state24.Only the elite of society attended the reception for the new governor.A.those thought of as the best peopleB.the intellectualsC.the white-collar peopleD.the officials25.She embellished the simple dress with colorful embroidery.26.He felt cheap about rushing to get in line before the old lady carrying heavy parcels.A. felt inferior and ashamedB.felt not worthwhile of doing somethingC.felt bad about doing somethingD.felt unhappy about doing something27.Only individual benefactors and ad hoc grants have made possible the ecological surveys already undertaken.28.The dichotomy postulated by many between morality and interests, between idealism and realism, is one of the standard cliches of the ongoing debate over international affairs.A. division into two partsB. combination of two partsC. disparityD.contradiction29.Miguel's perplexity is understandable -- he's an all-purpose maintenance man at a midtown-Manhattan residential building.30. Take the stalemate between the administration and the oil companies for example.31.The sense of mistrust is compounded by smaller annoyances that leave the families feeling as though no one in authority cares about them.A. offsetB. intensifiedC. diminishedD. annulled32. The very ubiquity of electronic communications can have a surprising downside, notes Richard Kohn, amilitary historian at the University of North Carolina: a wife becomes accustomedhusband, until he can't get to a computer. And then her anxiety increases.A. failureB. undersideC. drawbackD. consequenceto frequent e-mail from her33. The President took a drabbing from much of the press which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in thebag.A. was sure to be madeB. was being consideredC. was their secret weaponD. was their last resort34.This reflects the priority being attached to economic over political activity, partly caused by a growingreluctance to enter a calling blighted by relentless publicity that all too often ends in destroying careers and reputations.A. divine summonsB. political careerC. professionD. business transaction35.If you can't dig into the field you have chosen for your pursuit, it is hardly possible for you to achieve anythingsignificant in the field.A. acquireB. requireC. accompanyD. accomplishPart 3 Correcting Grammatical ErrorsThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. You are to select the ONE choice and replace the underlined element(s) so that the error is erased and corrected. There is only one right answer36. Just last week, for example, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the disturbing disclosurethat SARS may be pretty deadlier than previously believed.A. veryB. farC. especiallyD. none37. What distinguished her in the other girls was her peculiar hairstyle.A. toB. fromC. thanD. with38.During many sectors are foundering, the $21 billion videogame-software industry is booming, addinggame developers at a rate of 2,500 a year in the United States alone.A. WhenB. WhereasC. WouldD. While39.No such weapons were used and none been found.A. none have beenB. none hasC. no other has beenD. no others been40.No thing fuels cynicism for watching two titanic institutions squabble over their reputations.A. No ... asB. Something ... likeC. Nothing ... likeD. No ... than41.I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peerpressure, but self-induced pressure.42.The sales manager of the company suggested more money is to spent in a more effective advertisingcampaign and better packaging design.A. is spending onB. will be spent inC. will be spent onD. be spent on43.According to some scientists, the computer will do much harm to people's health as smoking and drugs do.A.does much harm ... smokingB.will do as much harm ... cigarettesC.will be doing as much harm ... smokingD.does as much harm ... cigarettes44.The general manager demanded the job will be completed before the National Day.A. would be completedB. must be completedC. had to be completedD. be completed45.In his speech at the conference, the Chairman solemnly stated that the responsibility to our lives and the kindof world in that we live is ours and ours alone.A. for ... in whichB. of ... for whichC. of ... in whichD. for ... on which46.I knew nothing of the motives behind his recent move, and I don't know either the person to put him up to the action.A. nor did I know ... whoB. not did I know ... thatC. nor do I know ...that D. either did I know ... who47.The achievements of the greatest minds in science could never have been reached if it had not been for the patient and accurate work of hundreds of other people.A. has it not beenB. if it had beenC. if hasn't beenD. had it not been48.The government has hardly taken measures to crack down on these crimes when new ones occurred.A. Hardly had the government takenB. The government had hardly takenC. Hardly the government had takenD. The government is hardly taking49.I can still vividly remember to pick our steps in the mountain down the deep valley on my 21 st birthday.A. picking.., in the mountainsB. picking ... on the mountainC. having picked ... from the mountainsD. picking ... from the mountains50.The traffic police stopped three trucks heavily loading with merchandise that looked as grain bags.A. that were loading ... likeB. loaded with ... likeC. to load with ... forD. loaded with ... forSection 2: Reading Comprehension (25 Points)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with four (A, B, C and D) suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one whichyou think fits best.As viewed from space, the Earth's distinguishing characteristics are its blue waters and white clouds. Enveloped by an ocean of air consisting of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, the planet is the only one in our solar system known to harbor life. Circling the Sun at an average distance of 149 million km (93 million miles), theEarth is the third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest planet in the solar system. Its rapid spin and moltennickel-iron core give rise to an extensive magnetic field which, coupled with the atmosphere, shields us from nearly all of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun and other stars. Most meteors burn up in the Earth'satmosphere before they can strike the surface. The planet's active geological processes have left no evidence of the ancient pelting it almost certainly received soon after it was formed. The Earth has a single natural satellite -- the Moon.51. Approximately how much of the Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen?D. All of it.A. One-fourth.B. One-half.C. Three-fourths.52.Which of the following helps to create the Earth's magnetic fields?A.Its blue waters.B.Its nitrogen atmosphere.C.Its molten metal core.D.The Moon.53.What two factors help protect the Earth from radiation?A.Magnetic field and atmosphere.B. Rapid spin and molten iron-nickel core.C. The Sun and the Moon.D. Blue waters and white clouds.54.Why does the Earth show almost no signs of having been hit by numerous meteors in the past?A.Humans have built over most of the craters.B.Most meteors fell into the ocean and not on land.C.The Earth's magnetic field repelled most meteors.D.The Earth's natural geologic activity has eliminated most traces.55.The main idea of this passage is that ______.A.there are life-supporting characteristics on the EarthB.the Earth is predominantly waterC.the Earth has no common characteristics with other planetsD.the Earth is the only planet with a moon56.This selection leads one to believe that the Earth ______.A.never gets hit by meteorsB.always gets hit by meteorsC.was hit by meteors some time in the pastD.may be bombarded by meteors in the near futureSince life began eons ago, thousands of creatures have come and gone. Some, such as the dinosaurs, became extinct due to naturally changing ecologic conditions. More recent threats to life forms are humans and their activities. Man has drained marshes, burned prairies, dammed and diverted rivers. Some of the more recent casualties of man's expansion have been the dodo, great auk, passenger pigeon, Irish elk, and Steller's sea cow.Sadly, we can no longer attribute the increasing decline in our wild animals and plant species to "natural" processes. Many species are dying out because of exploitation, habitat alteration or destruction, pollution, or the introduction of new species of plants and animals to an area. As mandated by Congress, protecting endangered species, and restoring them to the point where their existence is no longer jeopardized, is the primary objective of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Endangered Species Program.57.Which of the following is a form of man's habitat alteration?A.Glacial encroachment.B.Hurricanes.C.Dammed rivers.D.Snowstorms.58.Which of the following has become extinct due to man's destruction ?A.African elephant.B.Irish elk.C.Giant panda.D.White Bengal.59.Which of the following would be a likely theme for the next paragraph?A.Naturally changing ecological conditions.B.Animals that have become extinct.C.Achievements of the government Endangered Species Program.D.Programs that have destroyed natural habitats.60.The tone of this passage is ______.A.nationalisticB.pro-wildlifeC.anti-wildlifeD.feminist61.According to this passage, ______.A.man is the cause of some animal extinctionB.animals often bring about their own extinctionC. Congress can absolutely end extinction of animalsD.a law is more important than human responsibility62.Which of the following is NOT a cause of increasing decline of wild animal population?A.Exploitation.B.Pollution.C.Habitat alteration.D.Congressional law.The "Karat" marking on jewelry tells you what proportion of gold is mixed with other metals. If 14 parts ofgold are mixed with 10 parts of base metal, the combination is called 14 Karat (14K) gold. The higher the Karat rating, the higher the proportion of gold in the object. The lowest Karat gold that can be marketed in the United States is 10-Karat gold. Jewelry does not have to be marked with its Karat quality, but most of it is. If there is aKarat quality mark, next to it must be the U.S. registered trademark of the person or company that will stand behind the mark, as required by the National Gold and Silver Stamping Act.63.If a ring is stamped 24K, it has ______.A.204 parts of goldB.24 parts of goldC.two and four-tenths parts of goldD.10 parts of gold64.Gold which is 10 Karats in proportion ______ in the U.S.A.represents the highest grade of goldB.cannot be soldC.never carries a Karat quality markD.represents the lowest-grade gold marketable65.If gold is marked with a Karat quality mark, it must also bear ______.A.a national gold and silver stampB.the registered trademark of the entity standing behind the markC.a "made in the USA" markD.a percentage mark66.If the jewelry is marked 14 parts of gold mixed with 10 parts of base metal, it will always bear ______ mark.A.a 14KB.a 10KC.an 18KD.a platinum67.This paragraph serves the consumer as ______.A.important buying informationB.a challenge to buy more goldC.a debate over gold pricesD.advice about buying silver68.The Stamping Act is ______.A.a regulation for taxB.rule of lawC.a law that makes such stamping mandate .D. an implementMr. Faugel was convinced that student nervousness had affected their scores; to reduce the anxiety of these students who had already been tested, he gave 22 of them a beta blocker before readministration of the test. Their scores improved significantly. The other 8 students (who did not receive the beta blockers) improved only slightly. Second-time test-takers nationwide had average improvements which were similar to those in Faugel's non-beta blocker group. Beta blockers are prescription drugs which have been around for 25 years. These medications, which interfere with the effects of adrenalin, have been used for heart conditions and for minor stress such as stage fright. Now they are used for test anxiety. These drags seem to help test-takers who have low scores because of test fright, but not those who do not know the material. Since there can be side effects from these beta blockers, physicians are not ready to prescribe them routinely for all test-takers.69.Where is the only place a person can obtain beta blockers?A.Supermarket.B.Convenience store.C.Stationary store.D. Doctor's office.70.Why are beta blockers not prescribed regularly?A.Students are expected to do poorly.B.There are side effects.C.The drugs are only 25 years old.D.They cause test anxiety.71.According to the passage, ______.A.all people can take beta blockersB.beta blockers are widely prescribedC.beta blockers work only on test anxietyD.beta blockers work only to improve test scores if the test-taker truly knows the material72."Re-administration" in this passage refers to giving ______.A.the test again to people without administering beta blockersB.the test again to both groups after beta blockers have been administered to one groupC.the test to both groups of test-takers and then giving them beta blockersD.the beta blockers without retesting73.What possible use for beta blockers was NOT discussed in this passage?A.Test anxiety.B.Z Pain relief.C.Minor stress.D.Heart conditions.74.Beta blockers work on some physical and emotional symptoms because they ______.A.fool a person into a healthier stanceB.interfere with the effects of adrenalinC.produce side effects worse than the symptomsD.primarily change human thought processes75.Faugel's research showed that beta blockers given to his sample ______.A.increased scores less than the national averageB.increased scores the same as the national averageC. decreased scoresD. increased scores much more than the nationalaverage Section 3: Cloze Test (20 Points)In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to provide each of the blanks with the missing word. The time for this section is 20 minutes.When I tell people that I'm a professor of communication, they often are confused (1) what the term "communication" means. Many people think mass communication is the (2)type of communication, but mass communication is only one form of communication. The study of mass communication focuses on messages that are (3)over(4) such as television, newspapers, and radio. Other areas of(5)focus on the messages individuals send to one another. Some of the major contexts in which communication is studied(6)the interpersonal context, the organizational context, and the intercultural context. A scholar studying(7) communication, for example, might examine how married couples(8) with misunderstandings and the effects these misunderstandings have on (9)satisfaction. Organizational communication scholars, on the other hand, might study(10)the communication styles used by managers and their subordinates influence productivity and efficiency in a company or factory.My area of specialization is intercultural communication. Intercultural communication is an(11)field of study which incorporates research from disciplines(12)as social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, sociolinguistics,and of course, communication.One of the(13)important areas of research addressed by intercultural scholars is how misunderstandings can be(14)when people communicate with Others from different(15). To understand the process of intercultural communication, we must study how individuals' cultural backgrounds(16)their communication behaviors.The area of intercultural communication is a relatively new(17)of study even in the United States. While most Chinese students studying communication in the United States(18) on mass communication, there are some who are interested in intercultural communication and plan to return to China to teach and(19)research in this area. The work of these Chinese scholars on intercultural communication is important because it will help improve(20) between Chinese and Americans in the future.Section 4: Writing (30 Points)In the first paragraph, you should start with your general statement, followed with your arguments in the second paragraph. You should conclude your writing in the third paragraph with suggestions or ideas of your own. Markswill be given to (1) clear overall views of subjects, (2) original ideas and clear idea organization, (3) passage cohesion and smooth language flow, (4) accurate use of words and grammar. The time for this part is 30 minutes. Instruction:Write an essay in around 300 English words on the following subject:What Is a Good Translator?What are, in your opinion, the 3 basic qualifications a good translator should have? Give your reasons. Your essay should consist of a lead-in paragraph, a concluding one and the body.参考答案Section 1Part 11.B2. D3. D4.B5. D6.D7.A8. A9. D10. B11.B12.D13. C14. A15.D16.B17,B18. C19. B 20. DPart 221.A22. C23. D24, A25. B 26. A27. C28. A 29. B30. B31.B32. C33. A34. C35. DPart 336.B37. B38. D39. A 40. C 41.A42. D43. B44. D45. A46.A47. D48. A49. D50. BSection 251.C52. C53. A 54. D55. C56. C57. C58. B59. C60. B61. A62. D63. B64. D65. B66. A67. A68. C69. D70. B71. D72. B73. B74. B75. DSection 31. about2. only3. transmitted4. mass media5. communication6. include7. interpersonal8. deal/cope9. marital10. how11. interdisciplinary12. such13. most14. minimized15. cultures16. influence/affect17. field18. focus/concentrate19. conduct/do20. understandingSection 4综合解析Section 1Part 11． B[ 分析 ] 形近识别。
2003年12月翻译三级笔译(综合能力)全真试卷 答案
6. We hope that the measures to control prices,________taken by the government, will succeed.
A when
B since
C after
D as
该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1
答案:D
习惯用法。as用作关系代词，代替的是measures，引导非限定性定语从句，意为政府采取 的措施。
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2012-4-11
考试结果--维普考试资源系统
Page 3 of 24
A against
B in
C on
D ahead 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 1
答案:A
固定搭配。A．(work)against(time)抢时间完成工作；B．in(time)及时；C．on (time)按时、准时；D．ahead表“提前”时一般用ahead of。
答案:D
固定搭配。A．fond应为be fond of喜欢、喜爱；B．preferred更喜欢，宁愿(选 择)；C．adapted to适合，适应；D．accustomed to习惯于。此句意为：习惯于看欢 乐结局的读者可能会觉得现代母亲们的这种质朴观点令人有点不安。
13. He drove fast and arrived an hour________schedule.
答案:B
词义辨析。A．writing作品，著述，B．artistic艺术的，艺术(家)的；C． reasoning推理； D．literary文学的，从事写作的，文艺的。此句意为：毕加索的艺 术天分在他开始画素描的少年时代就已体现。
考研英语03年真题
考研英语03年真题考研英语03年真题是考研备考过程中的一个重要参考资料。
通过分析和解答这些真题，可以帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和考点，提高备考效率和答题技巧。
本文将从几个方面对03年真题进行分析和解答，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
首先，我们来看看03年真题的阅读部分。
这一部分主要考察考生对英语文章的理解和分析能力。
在解答这些题目时，考生应该首先通读全文，了解文章的大意和结构。
然后，可以根据题目要求逐题解答，注意理解每个选项的含义和上下文的关系。
在选择答案时，要仔细比较各个选项，排除干扰项，选择最符合文章内容的选项。
接下来是翻译部分。
翻译是考研英语的一个重要环节，也是考生备考中的难点之一。
在翻译题中，考生需要将一段中文翻译成英文。
在解答这类题目时，考生应该注意准确理解原文的含义和表达方式，避免出现理解偏差。
同时，要注意语法和词汇的准确运用，尽量使用简洁明了的句子结构和恰当的词汇，以保证翻译的准确性和流畅度。
接下来是写作部分。
写作是考研英语的一个重要组成部分，也是考生备考中的难点之一。
在写作题中，考生需要根据提供的材料或者题目要求，撰写一篇文章。
在解答这类题目时，考生应该注意文章的结构和逻辑性，合理组织段落和句子，使文章内容连贯、有条理。
同时，要注意语法和词汇的准确运用，尽量使用恰当的词汇和句式，以提高文章的表达能力和可读性。
最后是听力部分。
听力是考研英语的一个重要环节，也是考生备考中的难点之一。
在解答听力题时，考生应该注意听清每个选项的内容和关键词，同时要注意理解对话或者短文的整体意义和目的。
在选择答案时，要仔细比较各个选项，排除干扰项，选择最符合听力内容的选项。
同时，要注意听力材料的语速和语调，提前适应考试环境，以保证听力的准确性和理解度。
综上所述，通过对考研英语03年真题的分析和解答，可以帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和考点，提高备考效率和答题技巧。
在备考过程中，考生应该注重对各个部分的练习和提高，做到全面掌握考试要点和技巧。
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《English-Chinese Translation》试卷
（答题时间：120 分钟）
（Dec，2003）
班级________ 姓名_________ 成绩_______ 任课教师________
1．Answer the Following Questions in Chinese. (15%)
1) 亚历山大•泰特勒的翻译三原则是什么？
2）严复的翻译代表作有哪些（至少答出三本）？
3）文化有哪些特点？它与翻译是怎样的关系？
4）什么是直译，什么是意译？简述它们之间的关系。
5）什么是翻译？纽马克提出什么翻译方法？
2. Translate the Following Sentences into Chinese. (20%)
1)All my hot words could not bring one tinge of color to those ivory cheeks
or one gleam of emotion to those abstracted eyes.
2)Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest.
But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers and learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lose the benefits of rest.
3)There was frost on the stubble fields, faint wood smoke in the air, mingled
with the odors of ripe apples, drying corn shocks, crushed walnut hulls(胡桃壳).
4)Left to herself, she would buy only the cheaper cuts of meat, and there was
never enough food in the refrigerator.
5)His income derived from illicit activities-bookmaking, gambling,
shylocking(放高利贷), and questionable union activities.
6)–They were not at all like the poetry women generally write, I thought
them condensed and terse, vigorous and genuine.
7)But he knew, too, that the boy---a young man now, though always "the
boy" to Helmer（人名, 海默）---had courage and skill and a great will to live.
8)You can mass-produce …incredible quantities of facts and figures. You
cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.
9)Two parties to the agreement pledge to implement it to the letter.
10Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement.
3. Translate the Following Paragraphs or Passages into Chinese. (65%)
1)In spite of the difficulties of predicting future trends in world trade, we can specify factors that will be important. Although feeding the world's population will be a major problem, the world is probably not headed for disaster. First, the world's arable acreage can be expanded greatly. Second, the distribution of food and the yield of food per acre can be improved. Third, population growth can be controlled. Historical evidence shows that birth and death rates level off as countries move into the industrial stage. If population growth continues at its present pace, the future balance between food demand and supply may become dependent on new dietary patterns. Reduced consumption of meat, increased use of new high-protein food made from soybeans, and development of ocean resources for food are some alternatives that must be considered. Growth of trade will depend greatly on availability of energy sources. There may still be a trillion barrels of recoverable oil in the Middle East. But the oil crisis of 1974 has led to renewed interest in coal and to a search for alternative sources of energy. Solar, geothermal, and nuclear energy will play a large role in the years to come.
2) The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and as, I think, is suitable if not seemly for a virgin. Not a star but might not shoot down and accept the invitation to become her lover. When all my fellow-passengers have finally dispersed to bed, I creep up again to the deserted deck and slip into the swimming pool and float, no longer what people believe me to be, a middle-aged journalist taking a holiday on an oceangoing liner, but a liberated being, bathed in mythological waters, an
Endymion（月神）young and strong, with a god for his father and a vision of the world inspired from Olympus. All weight is lifted from my limbs; I am one with the night; I understand the meaning of pantheism（泛神论）. How my friends would laugh if they knew I had come to this! To have discarded, as I believe, all usual frailties, to have become incapable of envy, ambition, malice, the desire to score off my neighbor, to enjoy this purification even as I enjoy the clean voluptuousness（奢侈逸乐）of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of the water. Thus, I imagine, must the pious feel cleaned on leaving the confessional after the solemnity of absolution.。