2021_2022学年新教材高中英语Unit4NaturaldisastersSectionⅣLis

Section ⅣListening and Talking & Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.核心单词
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词
1．supply/sə'plaɪ/n.[pl.]补给品；供给(量)；补给
vt.供给；供给
2．tap_/tæp/vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
3．pipe/paɪp/n.管子；管道
4．whistle/'wɪsl/vi.吹口哨；发出笛声
vt.吹口哨；n.哨子(声)；吼叫声
5．emergency/i'mɜːdʒənsi/n.突发事件；紧急情况
6．calm/kɑːm/adj.镇静的；沉着的
vt.使平静；使镇静
7．aid/eɪd/n.援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
8．crash/kræʃ/vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击
n．撞车；碰撞
9．sweep/swiːp/vt.& vi.(swept, swept)清扫；清扫
10．wave/weɪv/n.海浪；波浪
vi.& vt.挥手；招手
11．strike/straɪk/vi.& vt.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打
n．罢工；罢课；袭击
12．deliver/dɪ'lɪvə(r)/vt.& vi.递送；传达
vt.发表
summary/'sʌməri/n.总结；概括；概要
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇
1．erupt (vi.)(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption (n.)火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
2．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
3．effect/ɪ'fekt/n.影响；结果；效果→effective adj.有效果的
4．length/leθ/n.长；长度→long adj.长的
Ⅲ.重点短语
根据汉语意思补全短语
1．in the open air 露天；在户外
2．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
3．sweep_away 消灭；彻底消除
4．put up 搭建，举起，张贴
5．stay_calm 保持冷静
6．in danger 处境危险
7．first of_all 首先
8．as many as 多达
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．v.­ing构造作结果状语
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing_more_than_6,500_people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia at least four other countries.
最强大的地震在过去的40年里引起了海啸，昨天亚洲海岸线被毁，造成印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家6 500多人死亡。

2．be doing sth. when...正在做某事……这时……
I was_having_breakfast with three children when water started filling my home.
我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐这时家里开场充满了水。

3．make it＋adj.＋to do sth.中it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。

However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will_make_it_difficult_to_deliver_food_and_supplies.
然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困难。

Read the text on page 54 and then choose the best answer.
1．What's the main idea of the passage ?
A．Something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia.
B．The cause of the most powerful tsunami in Asia.
C．The loss of the most powerful tsunami in Asia.
D．How to rescue ourselves in times of disaster.
答案：A
2．What caused the tsunami?
A．Hurricane B．Typhoon
C．Flood D．Earthquake
答案：D
3．What is a magnitude of the earthquake that happened on December 27, 2004?
C．7.5 D．6
答案：B
4．Why was food and supplies hard to deliver?
A．Because there were not enough food and supplies.
B．Because rescue teams dared not go.
C．Because conditions were hard and roads were destroyed.
D．Because governments didn't organize rescue teams.
答案：C
►第一板块|核心词汇诠释
1．supply n．[pl.]补给品；供给(量)；补给vt.供给；供给
(教材P52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。

(1)school/medical supplies 学校用品/医疗用品
(2)supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
①The water supply has been cut off because the workers are repairing the main pipes.
因工人们在修主要管道水资源供给被切断。

②The Internet supplies a lot of information to us every day.
因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。

[即学即练] 一句多译
没有必要担忧，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。

(1)There is no need to worry. We can supply/provide_you_with whatever you need.
(2)There is no need to worry. We can_supply whatever you need to you.
(3)There is no need to worry. We_can_provide whatever you need for you.
发散思维：
“给某人提供某物〞表达种种：
provide sth. for sb.
provide sb. with sth.
supply sth. to sb.
supply sb. with sth.
2. power n．能力；力量；权力
(经典例句)As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。

(1)have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力
come to power 上台；执政(动作)
be in power 执政；掌权(状态)
beyond one's power 力所不能及的
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的
①There was a time when the girl lost the power of speech.
曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。

②It is reported that the new president will settle a lot of problems the moment he comes to power.据报道，新总统一上台就要解决很多问题。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It has been two years since he came into_power.
(2)I'm very sorry; it is beyond_my power to finish such a difficult task.
(3)I do believe that encouragement is so powerful (power) that it can change a person.
(4)据我所知，这个政党执政两年了。

①As far as I know, it is two years since the party came_to_power.
②As far as I know, the party has_been_in_power for two years.
发散思维：
加词缀­ful名词变形容词荟萃：
(1)power→ powerful adj.强大的；有力的
(2)use→ useful adj.有用的；有益的
(3) wonder →wonderful adj. 精彩的
(4)help→helpful adj.有帮助的
3.calm vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
(经典佳句)It is of great importance to keep calm when a fire breaks out.
当火灾发生时保持冷静很重要。

(1)calm down 平静下来
calm sb. down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
(2)keep calm 保持镇静
①Calm down! There is nothing to worry about.
镇静下来！没有什么可担忧的。

②Calm yourself down；there is no need to feel upset about it.
让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。

[即学即练] 单句写作
It is important to_keep_calm in face of danger.
在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。

图形助记：
意境巧记“安静〞四兄弟
4.aid n. & vt.帮助；援助；资助
(经典佳句)I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。

(1)give first aid to sb. 对某人急救
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb.with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
①With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.
在教师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进展急救。

②I'd be very grateful if you can aid me with my English.
如果你能帮助我学习英语我将不胜感谢。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空 (1)Neighbours aided him with money when he almost lost everything in the fire.
(2)He is so kind a boy that he often aided his mother to_clean (clean) the house. 发散思维：with the aid of 的同义词：with the help of
5.wave n ．波浪，波涛；挥手 v ．波动；起伏；挥手
(教材P 54)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被9级地震引起的巨浪卷走了。

wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手辞别 ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫wave to/at sb.give sb. a wave 向某人挥手 ①She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。

②He waved to/at us as the bus drove off.
→He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The policeman waved the driver to_stop (stop)．
(2)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight.
图形助记：
6.strike vi.&vt.打； 撞击； 罢工； 突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟) 敲； 侵袭 n ．罢工
一词多义——写出以下句中strike 的含义
(1)The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.打动，迷住
(2)The clock struck twelve when I got home last night.钟(报时)
(3)A terrible earthquake struck Japan, making 30,000 people or so lose their lives.侵袭
(4)A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.突然想到
(1)be struck by... 被……打动
⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫sth. strikes sb.It strikes sb. that/wh­... 某人突然想起…… (2) be/go on strike 举行罢工[即学即练] 单句写作
我突然想到，我应该拜访我的教师。

It_suddenly_struck_me_that I should pay a visit to my teacher.
名师指津：
(1) strike 过去式、过去分词分别为：struck; struck/stricken
(2)“某人突然想起〞固定句式： It hit/struck sb. that…
7.deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
(经典佳句)I feel highly honoured to be invited to deliver a speech at the meeting. 被邀请在会议上演讲我感到莫大的荣幸。

deliver sth.to 投递/运送某物给……
deliver a speech 发表演说
①It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.
你考虑得非常周到，每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。

②Hans was asked to deliver a speech on the graduation in Harvard University.
汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The speech delivered (deliver) by the headmaster at the meeting yesterday left
a deep impression on his students.
(2)I wonder why you refused to_deliver (deliver) my letters to my home last week.
图形助记：
8.effect n．结果；效力
(经典佳句) When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。

(1)have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
come into effect 生效
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
①There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect on the children.
不可否认，阅读书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。

②The measures taken by the local government will come into effect next month.
当地政府采取的措施将于下月生效。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects_ (effect) have been positive.
(2)As we all know, smoking has a bad effect on our health.
发散思维：不同的“影响〞：
affect vt.影响
influence n. 影响
effect n. 影响
impact n. 影响
►第二板块|重点句型解构
1．句型公式： v．­ing作结果状语
(教材P54)The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.
最强大的地震在过去的40年里引起了海啸，昨天亚洲海岸线被毁，造成印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家6 500多人死亡。

现在分词作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。

不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。

①Unfortunately his father died, leaving him a homeless boy.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使他成为一个无家可归的孩子。

②To begin with, a new s tadium has been built up, becoming the most beautiful building in our school.
首先，一座新的体育馆被建立起来，成为我校最美的建筑物。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)He hurried to the theatre, only to_find (find) that the tickets had been sold out.
(2)He got up late in the morning, missing (miss) the early bus.,
名师指津：动词­ing作结果状语，可转化为定语从句，如：
(1)He is always late for class, making his teacher angry.
(2)He is always late for class, which made his teacher angry.
他总是上学迟到，这使教师很生气。

2.句型公式： be doing...when...正在做……，就在这时……
(教材P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐，这时家里开场充满了水。

when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时〞，常用句型有：
be doing...when... 正在做……，就在这时……
be about to do... when... 正要做……，就在这时……
had just done...when... 刚做过……这时……
①We were having a meeting when someone broke in.当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。

②We were about to set out when it began to rain.我们正要动身，这时开场下雨了。

[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
(2)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
(3)I was_watching (watch) TV when my little brother burst in.
名师指津：牢记when的3种固定句型是解题的关键，when意味“正在这时〞，而不是“当……时候〞。

Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．It is very important to keep calm_ (镇静的) when an earthquake breaks out.
2．Global warming is having a great_effect(影响)on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
3．They waved (挥手) to us to stay where we were.
4．You have the_power (能力) to live it well.
5．You are likely to sing or whistle_ (吹口哨) when you are happy.
6．It was said that the typhoon (台风)had caused a lot of damage.
7．In the city, the water_pipes (管道) in some buildings cracked and burst.
8．What I did was (to) turn off the_tap (水龙头).
9．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued with the aid/help (帮助) of
the police.
10．I'm very glad that you can write me a summary (概要) of this report.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture delivered (deliver) by a professor from the UK.
2．What's more, it is another effective (effect) way to deal with the problem.
3．They felt it difficult to_finish (finish) the work in such a short time.
4．Today the number of people learning English in China is_increasing (increase) rapidly.
5．A wonderful idea struck (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
6．The dustman swept (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.
7．The length (long) of the article should be about 800 words.
8．I was_having_ (have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.
9．It was reported that as many as 157 people died at the air crash.
10．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued with the aid of the police.
Ⅲ.选词填空
go through； sweep away； in shock； in the open air； put up； on hand
1．They had to sleep in_the_open_air after the earthquake.
2．Always have your dictionary_on_hand_when you study.
3．I looked at my husband in_shock,_waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
4．We don't clean the house for a few days, because we don't want to sweep_away good luck.
5．A week before Earth Day, posters were_put_up around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
6．He must have gone_through many difficulties before he succeeded.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我正要放弃的时候，我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。

I was_about_to_give_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
2．我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。

It_hit/struck_me_that_I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.
3．我们发现在现代社会学习一门外语是很有必要的。

We find_it_necessary_to_learn a foreign language in modern society.
课时作业 15
阅读理解
A
As I stuck in the mud (泥), with my bike on top of me, I wondered what had forced me to come here. Madagascar is not a good place for a cycling holiday: one of the world's poorest countries, only 11 percent of roadway is paved (铺). South of the town of Antalaha, where I started, the road was in worse condition.
I appeared from a week in the wilderness and reached the start of the Route National
5 at Maroantsetra, but my dream of a smooth road and speed was suddenly destroyed by mud. The “worst road in the country〞 changed my bicycle into a burden (负担) for days. Finally, I_was_claimed_by_the_road. Tired. Alone.
As I wiped (擦) the mud from my face and looked upwards, I was greeted by a Malagasy man. He helped me stand up and smiled playfully while he pointed to my bike, which sat next to his. I started again. But I fell again in the mud. Angrily, I told him to go on, but if he understood he showed no sign of it. His smile forced me back onto the bike. We continued like this for hours. But I fell less. Studying my quick guide, slowly I learned. As we passed through a village, a group of children saw me and shouted loudly. His only words were: “Their parents tell them while people steal and eat them. Funny, no？〞
I tried to ask why, but he had already set off. I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up. We raced along the road. I rode a little faster and I was just behind, about to catch up with him. With a smile, he sped up and was away, leaving me breathless.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

文章主要介绍了作者在非洲马达加斯加骑行遇到困难的时候，一位当地人鼓励自己继续骑行的故事。

1．What was in the author's mind when he was in the mud?
A．He considered his experience a special pleasure.
B．He made up his mind to continue challenging himself.
C．He tried to think out a new road for cycling in Antalaha.
D．He regretted having the cycling holiday in Madagascar.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“I wondered what had forced me to come here〞及下文对马达加斯加当地路况的介绍可知，作者来到这里骑行发现路况很差，这让他懊悔不已。

2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The author chose another road.
B．The author decided to ask for help.
C．The author lay on the road for a rest.
D．The author had no confidence to ride on.
答案与解析：D 句意理解题。

根据第二段中的“but my dream of a smooth road... for days〞及Tired可知，泥泞的道路使作者疲惫不堪，让他失去了继续骑行的信心。

3．How did the Malagasy man help the author?
A．By showing him the right way.
B．By wiping the mud from his bike.
C．By riding in front of him all the way.
D．By teaching him how to ride in the mud.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Studying my quick guide〞及第四段中的“I tried to catch up; as I got closer, he took it as a challenge and sped up〞可知，那个马达加斯加男人一直在作者前面骑行来鼓励他。

4．What's the best title for the text?
A．A lonely trip B．A bicycle race
C．A lesson in cycling D．A road in Madagascar
答案与解析：C 标题归纳题。

根据文中作者在马达加斯加骑行遇到困难时受到一位当地人的帮助可知，作者从中受益匪浅。

B
Raccoons are smaller relatives of bears. They are native to North America, but they can also be found in Asia and Europe. Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water, but they can be often found near urban areas. There are about 7 different species of raccoons. Pygmy raccoon is the only endangered species.
Raccoons usually reach 40 to 70cm in length and weigh between 5­26kg. Raccoons that live in colder climates are larger and heavier. They have grayish fur, black
masks around eyes and long tails covered with black and brown bands. Because of their tails, they are also called “ringtail〞．
Raccoons_are_omnivores. They like to eat insects, eggs, small mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on. Raccoon's hands look like human's. They each have five fingers and are used to collect food, open shells, door or trash cans. Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it. They have highly sensitive sense of touch and water increases their sensitivity even more. By touching the food, they get better insight about things they will eat.
They are easily adaptable (适应的) to various environments. They can live in hollow (中空的) trees equally happily like they can in useless cars. Raccoons live on their own and hunt at night. They don't hibernate (冬眠), but they spend the coldest days of winters in their holes.
Mating (交配) season takes place from January to mid March. Two months later, female will give birth to 3­4 babies. Their tails don't have bands, and the mask around eyes is still missing. Mother is very protective and she will teach them how to survive and what to eat as they become­ready to leave the hole. Raccoons usually can live only 1.8 to 3.1 years in the wild, but they can live up to 20 years at a zoo.
Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home­raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要向我们介绍了与浣熊有关的一些知识。

5．What do we learn about raccoons?
A．They love living near water.
B．They are at risk of dying out.
C．They love getting close to humans.
D．They only live in areas far from urban areas.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。

根据第一段的“Raccoons live in wooded areas close to water〞以及第三段的“Raccoons often place food in water before they start to eat it.〞可推断，浣熊喜欢住在水边。

6．What does the author most probably mean by saying “Raccoons are omnivores〞？
A．They don't hibernate.
B．They are very large animals.
C．They are sensitive to foods' tastes.
D．They feed on many different types of food.
答案与解析：D 句意理解题。

根据第三段的“They like to eat insects, eggs, small
mammals, fruit, berries, garbage, and so on.〞可推测，作者是指：浣熊是杂食动物。

7．What are raccoons good at?
A．Finding food in deep water.
B．Using their feet to open food.
C．Adapting to a new environment.
D．Telling differences among smells.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。

根据第四段的“They are easily adaptable to various environments.〞可知，浣熊很擅长在新的环境里生活。

8．After reading the text, we can say that ________.
A．raccoons like attacking humans
B．people consider raccoons very lovely
C．raccoons and bears have a lot in common
D．it's better that humans keep away from raccoons
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。

根据末段的“Raccoons can pass rabies, a kind of disease, to home­raised animals and people, which is very dangerous. What's more, their waste often has roundworms.〞可推测，人还是不要接触浣熊比拟好。

C
Angus, Doris, Gabriel and Kamil are some of the 21 names that have been chosen to be given to storms in the UK in the 2021/17 season.
The Met Office, the UK's national weather service, decided to give storms boys' and girls' names in 2015 in the same way as they did in America.
The Met Office hopes that naming big storms will mean people are more aware (意识到) of them and how dangerous they can be. Derrick Ryall, from the Met Office, said, “We have seen how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break.〞
In the past, the same UK storm could be given different names by different organisations. “We noticed that many organisations during the last couple of winters, when we have had bad storms, started giving names to them. Think back to the St Jude's Day storm in 2021, and the so­called Hurricane Bawbag in Scotland in 2021. But it led to confusion (混乱)，〞 a Met Office spokeswoman said.
According to the Met Office, there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet (字母表), except for Q，U，X，Y and Z. That is the same as the naming tradition used in America. And not all storms will be big enough to get names —only those expected to cause great damage.
If there are more than 21 storms in a year, the Met Office will start again with another name beginning with “A〞. However, according to Met Office spokeswoman Lindsay Mears, “It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2021/14, and if the naming system had been in operation then we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet.〞
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

文章主要介绍了英国为暴风雨命名的情况。

9．Why are storms in the UK named?
A．To increase public awareness of them.
B．To remind people of their short stay.
C．To follow what other countries did.
D．To meet the needs of its people.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。

由第三段中的“naming big storms will mean people are more aware of them and how dangerous they can be〞和“how naming storms elsewhere in the world raises people's awareness of storms before they break〞可推断，英国为暴风雨命名是为了增强人们对暴风雨的了解和防范意识。

10．Examples are given in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．there're many storms to name in a year
B．organisations named storms differently
C．some storms' names are similar to others'
D．some storms' names are hard to understand
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。

本段的主题句是“In the past, the sa me UK storm could be given different names by different organisations，〞下文通过举例说明该主题。

11．What do we know about the names given to storms?
A．Storms will be given names whatever their sizes.
B．Serious storms will be given boy's names.
C．21 letters will be used to begin the names.
D．21 names will be given at most in a year.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。

由倒数第二段中的“there is a name for each letter of the whole alphabet, except for Q, U, X, Y and Z〞和最后一段中的“If there are more than 21 storms in a year〞可知，在为暴风雨命名的时候，会以21个字母(字母表一共26个字母，除了Q，U，X，Y，Z之外还有21个)开头。

12．What can be learned from Lindsay Mears?
A．There are not too many big storms yearly.
B．Action will be taken to prevent storms.
C．There are usually 14 storms in a year.
D．The naming system will not change.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。

由最后一段中的“Linds ay Mears〞所说的“It's unlikely we would get through the whole alphabet in one season. We had 14 storms in the very bad winter of 2021/14... we wouldn't have used the whole alphabet〞可推断，她认为英国每年不会发生那么多暴风雨，因此不会使用完21个字母作为名字的开头来命名暴风雨。