MBA联考应用文写作讲稿

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MBA联考综合能力考试大纲解析之写作(一).doc

如果强估分应该是相对准确的。

这是思维的两个方面,就是创意和评估。

针对这两个不同的作文学生在写议论文的时候稍好一些，在写论证有效性分析的时候最大的一个缺陷就是思维方式转移不过来，也就是借给的论证借题发挥和原论证进行论辩,而不是评估。

我们知道论辩和评估这两个词有实质性的差别,评估最主要的是要把握标准,要对原论证理解的清晰、准确、透彻，结论是什么,理由是什么,理由有几个，几个理由对结论的正确支持程度如何,要紧紧围绕这个程度进行评估。

论辩就不是了，人家说天鹅是白的,你就说天鹅不都是白的,有黑的,这就是论辩。

所以有的人把论辩有效性分析写成驳论文了，对原论证进行批驳和驳斥,我们知道批驳和评估是两回事，批驳不但要证明论点是错误的,理由是不正确的，而且允许举出一些私有的理由来，评估的理由是公有的理由，不符合规则，像足球，而不是因为不符合裁判本身的一些对裁判的看好或者爱好等等。

我们大致知道两篇作文的要求是很不同的，就议论文的写作来说,我一会儿还要围绕网友提出的问题我再具体的回答,我想主要是侧重一下有效性分析。

有效性分析写的不好分数相当低,大概就是三四分、四五分,八分以下，写的好的可以达到25分。

有效性分析的提高相对来说比议论文快,就是因为有一套批判性标准，是有限的。

论证的主要的逻辑漏洞也是有限的,所以原题在设计的时候、在出题的时候我们基于有限的这个准则去评估论证,就是重点评论理由是不是确凿、理由对这个结论的正确支持程度是强还是弱，这个在短期内提高的是相当快的。

这方面学生考试的分数不理想的重要原因就是思维方式根本没有改变过来。

第一,不懂得什么叫评估。

第二,在懂得评估的情况下对原论证的分析、理解不透彻。

有的同学知道如何去评估，但是他由于对原论证的分析、理解不准确,他评估就歪了,就为了找毛病而找毛病，就歪了。

这样对论证的分析、理解这个能力，不但是有效性分析,做论证单题也一样，所以我通常说论证单题做的好是写论证有效性分析的蓄水池，非常有帮助，它俩是有关系的。

应用文写作基础讲课稿范文

应用文写作基础讲课稿范文大家好，今天我将向大家讲授应用文写作的基础知识。

应用文是我们日常生活中经常会用到的一种文体，例如求职信、申请信、推荐信等。

良好的应用文写作能够帮助我们有效地传达信息，提高自己的表达能力。

下面，让我们一起来了解一下应用文写作的基础要点。

首先，一个好的应用文首先需要有清晰的结构。

一般来说，应用文可以分为三个部分：开头、主体和结尾。

在开头部分，我们需要简洁地介绍自己的身份和目的，用简洁明了的语言吸引读者的注意力。

主体部分是应用文最重要的部分，我们需要详细阐述自己的理由、经历和能力，通过具体例子来支持自己的观点，尽可能使文章更有说服力。

结尾部分需要简洁明了地总结前文，再次重申自己的观点，并希望得到读者的肯定或回复。

其次，应用文的语言要求简练明了。

我们应该尽量使用简短的句子和常用的词汇，避免使用太过复杂或晦涩的词语。

同时，要注意使用正确的语法和标点符号，确保文章的流畅性和易读性。

另外，避免使用过于主观或情绪化的语言，尽量客观地陈述自己的观点和情况。

再次，应用文需要注意格式和排版。

在写应用文时，我们应该按照规定的格式来进行排版，例如求职信需要包括地址、日期、收信人等信息，而申请信则需要包括标题、正文等。

合适的格式和排版能够使文章更加整齐、易于阅读，并给人以专业的印象。

最后，我们要谨慎地选择自己的用词和表达方式。

在应用文中，避免使用含糊不清或模棱两可的词语，我们要用准确、直接的表达方式来传达自己的意思。

另外，要考虑读者的接受能力，不要使用过于复杂或专业化的术语，确保自己的意思能够被广大读者理解。

总结一下，良好的应用文写作需要有清晰的结构、简练明了的语言、合适的格式和排版，同时要审慎地选择自己的用词和表达方式。

通过不断地练习和积累，我们的应用文写作能力将不断提高。

希望今天的讲解能够为大家提供一些帮助，谢谢大家的聆听！。

MBA联考作文讲义

MBA联考作文讲义MBA联考作文讲义第一部分：MBA写作总论一、大纲认知与分析大纲要求：写作题部分综合考察考生的分析能力和文字表达能力。

写作题分为两种题型。

1、论证有效性分析论证有效性分析的题干是一段有缺陷的论证，要求考生分析其中出现的逻辑缺陷或漏洞，选择若干要点，围绕论证中的缺点和漏洞，分析和评述论证的有效性。

2、论说文论说文的考试形式有两种：命题作文、基于文字材料的自由命题作文。

每次考试为其中的一种形式。

要求考生在准确、全面的理解题意的基础上，对题目所给观点或命题进行分析，表明自己的态度、观点并加以论证。

文章要求思想健康、观点明确、材料充实、结构严谨完整、条理清楚、语言流畅。

论证有效性分析的题干是一段有缺陷的论证，要求考生分析其中出现的逻辑缺陷或漏洞，选择若干要点，围绕论证中的缺点和漏洞，分析和评述论证的有效性。

分析：1、MBA作文考试的风格特征：强调思维的缜密性而非文笔；强调实用性（是否能运用管理知识）而非夸夸其谈；强调反应的敏捷而非字斟句酌。

2、论证有效性分析题题型，对考生而言是一种比较陌生的写作考试形式，需特别予以关注。

二、阅卷评分标准1、论证有效性分析（1）根据分析评论的内容给分，占15分。

考生分析评论的内容超出参考答案者，只要言之有理，也应给分。

（2）按文章结构和语言表达，分四类卷给分一类卷12-15分论证或反驳有力，结构严谨，条理清楚，语言精练流畅二类卷8-11分结构尚完整，条理较清楚，语言较通顺，少量语病。

三类卷5-7分结构不够完整，语言欠连贯，较多语病，分析评论缺乏说服力四类卷0-3分明显偏离题意，内容空洞，条理不清，语句严重不通（3）不符合字数要求，或出现错别字，酌情扣分。

书写清楚整洁，酌情加1-2分，但总分不得超过30分。

2、论说文评分标准（1）按照内容、结构、语言三项综合评分。

一类卷30-35分：立意深刻，中心突出，结构完整，行文流畅。

二类卷24-29分：中心明确，结构较完整，层次较清楚，语句通顺。

MBA公文写作课件

公文中各要素划分为眉首、主体、版记三部分。
正文用3号仿宋体，小标题用3号小标宋或黑体，一般排22行28字。
（一）眉首
1．公文份数序号 2．秘密等级和保密期限 3．紧急程度 4．发文机关标识 5．发文字号（3号仿宋体） 6．签发人（用3号仿宋体，冒号后用3号楷体）
1.公文份数序号
公文份数序号是将同一文稿印制若干份时每份公文的顺序编号。秘密文件要求标识。如需标识公文份数序号，用阿拉伯数码顶格标识在版心左上角第一行，编写位数应根据公文的份数来决定，但至少应不少于两位，即“1”编为“01”。
6．公文的生效标识——印章
注意事项：
单一机关制发的公文在落款处不属发文机关名
称，只标识成文日期，加盖发文机关印章。印章距正文1行之内，端正居中下压成文日期。当印章下弧无文字时，采用下套方式；当印章下弧有文字时，采用中套方式。
联合行文需加盖两个印章时，应将成文时间拉开，主办机关印章在前，两印章均压成文时间，两印章互不相交或相切，相距不超过3mm。
一项式：只适用于公告、通告等公开发布的公文
标题写作注意事项：
（1）准确概括事由
例：给下面文件加上恰当的标题
为了扭转当前铁路、水运、民航客运票价长期偏低经营亏损的局面，增加交通运输的能力，适应国民经济发展的需要，缓解买票难、坐车难的矛盾，国务院决定提高
铁为路112、﹪水，运水、运航客空票客平运均票提价价，幅其度中为铁9路6%客，票民平航均国提内价旅幅客度
例：国发〔2006〕 2号
6.签发人上报的公文需标识签发人姓名，平行排列于发文字号右侧。
签发人居右空1字格排列，用3号仿宋字体。
文件中如有多个签发人，标注顺序为：主办单位签发人姓名置于第一行，其他签发人姓名从第2行起在主办单位签发人姓名之

赵鑫全MBA写作串讲讲义

表述：论述者通过对（）调查显示，认为（）。且不说该调查样本量是否足够，即便适当，该市场调查，显然存在以下问题：样本本身不足以代表（），其实，（）。因此，论述者的调查不足以支持其结论。
三、结论
1、强拉因果
表述：
（1）论述者由（）得出（），显然是错误使用因果关系。因为
（2）——由某一特定的（）而认为（），这显然是巧合谬误，论述者是将个别情况来肯定某种因果关系，是不妥当的。
2、前提对结论的支持有限
表述：
（1）论述者通过（）这一前提，得出（）结论。该论证过程还有待商榷。
（2）——前提本身的真实性还需进一步研究。因为（）
——该前提仅仅是得到结论的条件之一，还可能存在（）情况。
——且不说该前提的真实性如何，即便他是有效的，但是，由该前提可能推出（）结论。
（3）因此，该论证的有效性是值得质疑的。
2、开头写作程式化
文章的开头不要费过多的心思和时间，按照我们的提供的范式进行，熟练掌握，不要进行个人的创新。
1、上述计划（报告、文章、评论、建议等）或上述论述或论证者
通过，认为
该论证（结论，报告，建议）是值得商榷的/有失偏颇的/不可信的。
2、论述者得出结论，认为。之所以得出这样的结论是因为。
然而，这一论证存在着以下几个方面的缺陷。
第一部分论证有效性分析
一、应试范式
在全球9家航空公司的140份订单得到确认后，世界最大的民用飞机制造商之一空中客车公司2005年10月6日宣布，将在全球正式启动其全新的A350远程客机项目。中国、俄罗斯等国作为合作伙伴，也被邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程，其中，中国将承担A350飞机5%的设计和制造工作。这意味着未来空中客车公司每销售100架A350飞机，就将有5架由中国制造。这表明中国经过多年艰苦的努力，民用飞机研发与制造能力得到了系统地提升，获得了国际同行的认可；这也标志着中国已经可以在航空器设计与制造领域参与全球竞争，并占有一席之地。由此可以看出，在经济全球化的时代,参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果。也是提高我国技术水平和产业国际竞争力的必由之路。

MBA新题型应用文参考

英文写作新题型补充资料一, 大纲要求：要求考生能够根据所给的情景写出约100词的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函，备忘录，报告等。

作文应该中心思想明确，切中题意，结构清晰，条理清楚，用词切当，不明显语言错误。

二，写作技巧（一）、应用文写作：备忘录MEMOTo: Charles StancombeCFOFrom: Maria CastellanoHuman ResourcesDate: 19 Dec 200Subject: Appointment:Commercial Manager, FranceI have interviewed three candidates for this position and recommend. The appointment of Tim Skooba. My reasons are as follows:1.He has the required qualifications.2.He has a lot of experience with the products we sell in the French market.3.He speaks French fluently.4.His removal expenses will be minimal as he has no family at present.If you approve our recommendation, I will prepare the contract for signature. Please let me know your decision as soon as possible.Maria Castellano练习：You are the manager of a small office. In order to reduce costs and improve the company’s environmental practices, you have decided to collect and recycle all paper used in the office.Write a memo of 80-100 words：rming staff of the new policy2.Explaining how the paper will be collected3.Requesting staff to co-operate with the schemeWrite on your answer sheet. Do not write in capital letter商务信函1. 邀请函称呼：A．提出邀请（说明时间，地点，主题，询问是否光临）B．说明邀请的理由与个人的想法C．表示期待与要求Sample:European Business AssociatesRegent house, 5th floor12 Haymarket, London Mr. Walt WhitemanChairman, department of businessUniversity of OxfordUniversity OfficesWellington SquareDear Mr. Walt WhitemanOn behalf of European Business Associates we would like to invite you to be a keynote speaker at our “Responsible Technologies for the Global Economy” conference planned for 19-21 October next year.European Business Associates is Europe’s leading business-oriented media production company. We broadcast business programs for television and radio throughout the European Union, including Business Today every morning from 7:00 on CNN.We would be very pleased if you would present for us at the conference. As Europe’s leading manufacturer of environmentally friendly high-tech equipment, we believe you could help many other companies move in the same direction.We hope this invitation is of interest and look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerelyMs Brigitte SeaEvents Manager 练习：As 2008 Beijing Olympic Games approaches, tourist interest in visiting Beijing grows. Write a letter to an American friend to invite him visit Beijing and discuss the many attractions of1）facilities of Olympic Games2）historical sites worth visiting3）aspects of Chinese cultureDear Old Bob:You and your family are cordially invited to visit Beijing this fall. I’m happy tomake all the arrangements for hotel, meals and local transportation.As 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is fast approaching, you may be interested as much in tremendous changes in the infrastructure, including magnificent stadiums, hotels and shopping malls. I’m sure your stay in Beijing will be a nice one.I’m fully aware of your lifelong dream of visiting China, and I’m happy to be of any service in return for your assistance in my study in Washington. You are also welcome to 2008 Beijing Olympic, and my home is available anytime. Should you want me to do anything here, please do not hesitate to tell me. E-mail me your traveling plan so tha t I will pick you up at the airport. I’m looking forward to seeing you and your family in Beijing.Best Regards,Li Ming常用句型：1. If you have no other plans for Wednesday, April 8th, will you come to a little informal diner here at my home?2. I hope that you have no previous engagement and can join us for the English Evening at 7 pm on February 1st.3. We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your company.4. I’ll expect you at that time unless I hear from you to the contrary.2. 感谢信称呼：A：真诚致谢并简要说明事由B：评述致谢对象及事情经过，表达自己情感C：给以希望与祝愿并再次感谢Sample:Dear Professor Greenwood:Thank you for your recommendation letter for me to the Ph.D. program of Yale University.I well remember the talk with you in 14th International Conference of Surface Science held of Beijing. I was very much impressed by your outstanding research work. You showed me the broad vista of science, awakened my ambition and unlocked potentials in me. You are the catalyst that started a country boy a dream to become a good physicist.I am greatly indebted to you for your advice, patience, encouragement and assistance. Under your guidance, my preparation for the graduate school goes fairly well. When study is a pleasure, like is a joy. I enjoy every minute of physics study.I will work harder to live up to your expectation. I am the graduate student you cancount on. I wish you to achieve the greatest success in your research.Thank you again for your attention.Best regards,LiMing常用句型：1.Thank you very much for….2.Please accept my sincere appreciation for….3.I am sincerely grateful to you for…4.Words are beyond me to express my thanks to your for….3.祝贺信称呼：A：衷心祝贺并表示欣喜之情B：简述事由赞扬对方C: 送上祝福与希望D：再次表示祝贺落款Dear Xiao Ming:Congratulations for the IBM scholarship, Dr. Liu. I love the way that sounds. The good news published in Physical Review Letters fuels admiration and excitement in our physics department. You have done a path blazing work in development of nano-materials and your paper has become a citation classic. We, your fellow classmates, are all very proud of you. At the same time all these years of your hard work pays off. You have set a good example for us and we are resolves to follow your foot step to rejuvenate China with science and technology and education.I wish you a great success and fulfillment in the year ahead.FondlyLiming常用句型：1.permit me to present my congratulations to you upon your recent officialpromotion.2.Allow me to present my hearty congratulations on your elevation to the post….3.It is with great pleasure that I hear of your success. Please accept my warmestcongratulations.4.致歉信称呼：A：针对个人疏忽与失误等致歉B：说明道歉的事情经过C：请求谅解并提出补救方法D：再次表示诚恳的歉意和请求原谅Dear Helen:I am terribly sorry that I failed to meet you at Pudong Airport. But I think you will forgive me if you know the reason.Yesterday morning, I got up early for I was eager to see you. After breakfast, I telephoned a QingSheng Taxi to arrive at the gate of our neighborhood at 8 am. Hardly had I left the room to meet the taxi, when I heard my daddy breathe heavily and hard. I realized that he was having an asthma attack. But, I had never heard him breathe with so much difficulty. I hurried to ask a robust man named ken, my neighbor, for help since my mother happened to be out. He carried my father on his back and went straight to the coming taxi and we drove directly to the nearest hospital.Please don’t worry. My father is much better now. Fortunately, I called a taxi in advance. Thus, we got my father to hospital in time. However, I should apologize for missing the opportunity to meet you at the airport.In order to compensate for my absence, I like to invite you to have dinner with me. When and where is up to you.Again I hope you can pardon me for this matter.Your sincerelyMary常用句型：1.I am so sorry that I had to cancel our appointment tomorrow.2.I am very sorry indeed to have to refuse your request as the thing is quite beyondmy power to do.3.I am sorry for causing you inconvenience.4.I hope you can pardon me for this matter again.5.I sincerely hope the postponement of our meeting did not inconvenience you toomuch.5.投诉信称呼：A：提出抱怨并表示遗憾B：说明不满的原因及由此造成的不便C：提出纠正建议或敦促对方采取措施Dear Sir or Madam:I hate to complain, but recently one thing really disturbs me.Last weekend, my mother and I went to your store and purchased a suite of furniture. To be honest, it is actually one of the most beautiful suites of furniture I’ve ever seen. However, it gives off terrible odor every minute. As a consequence, my parents and I suffer from that terrible smell day and night. We are not able to sleep well at night. It inevitably has a bad effect on out work. Meanwhile, it does spoil ourdaily life seriously. You see, we have to sleep with the windows open in freezing winter. But, even so, it is not helpful to alleviate the odor at all. However, my father has got a bad cold. I’m afraid that terrible odor will do harm to our health. Thus, I’m so anxious about the bad effects on my family.If you could do something necessary to change this situation, say, substitute another suite for this or allow us to refund, I would be grateful.Beijing.常用句型：我要投诉，1.Much to my regret, I write this to place a complaint against one of your shopassistants about his bad service.2.I am sorry to trouble you bit I am afraid that I have to make a serious complaint.3.I have been your customer for years and I always appreciate your good service.But I have to say this time you disappointed me.我建议：1.As a long-term customer, I suggest…..2.I highly suggest that you take some steps to…..我希望：1.I hope you can solve the problem in two days.2.I hope you could look into this unsatisfactory state of affairs and take steps toprevent such a thing from happening again.3.If you could do anything necessary to change this situation, I would be grateful.6. 建议信Dear editors,I am a student form a university in Beijing. I am wrting this letter to offer some suggestions with regard to the unsuccessful banning on the use of plastic bags because people are still using those bags to pollute our environment.To begin with, our government should continue to exercise strict control over the production and abuse of plastic bags, punishing those who fail to obey relevant laws and regulations. What’s more, people should be educated from childhood to cultivate the awareness that we have only one planet and our natural resources are exhaustible. Last but not least, there shoule be some substitutes for plastic bags, such as bags made of paper or cloth which can be reused and degraded.I would be very grateful if you could take my suggestions into consideration. I am looking forward to your reply. Best wishes.Yours sincerely,Li Ming。

MBA作文讲座最终版

MBA作文讲座最终版1 .幅：150/T00字达不到字数要求的，要酌情扣1-52 .布局：3・5段式只写一段为0・4分，只写两段0・9分3 .评分标准（5个模块评分，平均半分钟一份卷）※结构、内容、语言：3段，长短句结合，一定难度的词汇与短语，少词汇语法错误※卷面书写工整：心情一好分数就不可能低※篇幅一定要不长不短2分一条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或者大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

（即表达得一塌糊涂）5分一基本切题。

表达思想不清晰，连贯性差。

有较多的严重语言错误。

（即表达得糊里糊涂）8分一基本切题。

有些地方表达思想不够清晰，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

（即表达得勉勉强强）11分一切题。

表达思想清晰，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

（即表达得清清晰楚）14分一切题。

表达思想清晰，文字通顺，连贯性较view,■ However, others think • They argue that ・3. Considering one after another, I stand on the side of...On Marriage of College Students There is aheated debate over whether college studentsshould get married or not. It is commonlyaccepted that they are entitled to get married.In coatrask a small minority of people areagainst it.1.Those who hold the first opinion suguest that college students are both physically and mentally mature enough to get married and that they know what they are doing. In their view〉if college students get married, they will be more disciplined, more motivated and more responsible. However, others think today's college students are mostly from one child9s family. As a matter of fact, they are usually spoilt and not psychologically prepared for undertaking the responsibility of a family. They argue that marriage will distract them from study and plunge them into financial dilemma.2.Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the former. If I am lucky enough to meet my Mr. Right, I may marry him. Then we may love each other, support each other and encourage each other. Oh, what a rosy picture it is!非对立观点题：只阐述好处或者者坏处Benefits of Sportsand GamesWith the quicker pace of our life and greater stress from our work, an increasing number of modern people attach much importance to sports and games>/An increasing number of modern people, with the quicker pace of our life and "eater stress from our work9 attach much importance to sports and games. Why are they becoming so popular?First, sports and games do a lot of good to our health. They can make us strong prevent us from eetting too and keep us healthy. They can be of great value to people who work with their brains most of the day, for sports and games give people valuable practice in building up a strong constitution.What's more, they make our life richer and more colorful. "All work and no play make s Jack a dull boy”，just as the saying goes. So people of all ages enjoywatching and taking part in various kinds of sports.Sports and games are also very useful in character training. They demand not only physical skill and strength but also coura* enthusiasm, discipline and teamwork. For boys and girls, what is learned in the playground often has adeep effect/impact on/influence on their character. If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games seem to have become an essential part of our daily life.2004年10月MBA考题Should College Students Live outside the Campus? There is a heated debate over whether college students are entitled to rent a flat and live outside the campus. It is commonly accepted that they have every reason to make their own choice about it. In contrast, others maintain that they should live in the dormitory providedby their colleges.Those who hold the 行rst opinion suggest that college students are old enough to make their wise choice and take care of themselves. In their eiew, college students9 living outside the campus by themselves has a lot of advantages such as freedom, more space, better privacy, greater flexibility in the timetable, convenience and excellent living facilities. However, others think it does harm for collegestudents to live outside the campus. On the one han] they argue that the society is complicated and that there exists danger everywhere. If something terrible happens, who will be responsible? On the other hand, college students will be hard to discipline and manage.Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the former. Were I a college student, I would choose to live by myself, for I value independence, freedom and privacy more than anything else.2009真题大作文It is well-known that text message has both advantages and disadvantages even though it plays an increasing critical role in our daily life. Some people believe that it is a blessing for text message enriches our life in a large degree. But others take an opposite side. They firmly advocate that it is a hell because sometimes it brings lots of troubles and even destroys our life. As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to agree with the former idea even if it has some disadvantages. There are a dozen of reasons to support my belief. In the first place, we can send short messages to wish good luck toour relatives and friends, which bring us a great deal of convenience. What's more, short message can help its users to connect the outside world easily. For instance, some people subscribe weather forecast or news, with which people's life will be greatly colorfuL Last but not the least, text message can save a large amount of money and time, comparing with phone calls. On the contrary, the short message with too much ads disturbs our peaceful life. However, the disadvantages of text message can be ignored. In summary, the text message owns pros and cons, but we can use it freely and avoid its negative effects.私人书信模版1Dear John/Sirs or Madams,I am delighted to hear that you will come to Guangzhou for a visit sooa. I can't wait to see you. Here I'd like to give you several tips./I'm here writing for you to thank/apologize/conqulate/complain about for•••・First/ atfirst/at the beginning/to begin with/in the first place, Guangzhou is a big metropolitan city with a lot of vehicles and a huge crowd of people and the traffic is heavy, for which I hope you will be prepared. Second/ in the second place/ what^s more/the more important is the fact that, people here are addicted to foods of different flavors, esp. seafoods and living animals, even insects. I doubt you5ll like them. Besides, the weather here is changeable, so you'd better bring more clothes and medicine.With people from different regions and countries, diverse cultures and exotic customs, you will definitely enjoy yourself. Then I may serve as your guide> If you have any doubts, don't hesitate to inform me please.I am looking forward to seeing you/early reply •Sincerely YougSiqnature: Li Ming2009书信作文Dear Sir or Madam,I am here writing to you to express my thanks for your warm reception while I was in America as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.I hope you will come to visit China in due course.If you have any doubts^ don't hesitate to inform me please.I am looking forward to seeing you/early reply •Sincerely Yours, Signature: Li Ming图表作文模块As is shown in the table (or in the graph/diagram),... dropped(or decreased) by.../greatly increased from ... in 1994 to ... in 1996.There are at least two good reasons for ... On the one hand, ... Lefs have an example to illustrate the great increase in ... On the other hand, ... is due to the fact that... In addition, ... is responsible for ... Maybe there are some other reasons to show ...As far as I am concerned, ...Nouns:a rise/increase/fall/drop/decline//reach a peak/the lowest pointAdjectives:sharp/dramatic/considerable/slight/gradual//remain steady/stay constant2010真题大作文As is shown from the given column/pie/table/curve chart as above, it is of direct link to mobile phonesubscription in the years stemming/ranging from 2000 to 2008, which is composed of two sorts of countries. The first kind of nation that catches our utmost attention, to start with, comes to the developed nations. The number of mobile phone subscription in the year 2008 was equal to that in 2007, that is, 1 billion, followed by the year 2006 (0.9 billion), while that in the year 2000 was the smallest, say, about 0.6 billion. Following that, we'll continue to the next unit, in other words, the developing countries, which observed/saw/witnessed a faster rising rate of subscription in the same period. The figure/data of the year 2008 was the biggest, taking the leading position (4 billion), next to which was the year 2007, put it in another way, nearly 3.3 billion, with the year 2000 being the least in number by 0.4 billion.The above-illustrated aspects, so far in aword,indicate that the growing proportion ofmobile phone subscription in the developingcountries was much senior to that of thedeveloped ones.It Pays to Be HonestRecently, we often hear complaints about dishonesty.What amazes us most is students1 dishonesty in exams. It is true that cheating and dishonest practices are in every walk of our lives.There aee many reasons explaining these dishonest behaviors. The main reason is that most people neglect the moral values in pursuit of their material benefits. What is mor& we lack effective laws and regulations of supervision. Thirdly, most dishonest people can escape the punishment. As a result, the problem of dishonesty becomes more and more serious.Considerine all these. I still want to argue that it pays to be honest in the long run. For one thin工honesty is a traditional virtue of our Chinese> For another^ even dishonest people like making friends with honest people.好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

MBA联考论证有效性分析写作万能精选文档

M B A联考论证有效性分析写作万能精选文档 TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-2014管理类联考论证有效性分析写作指导示例（大纲要求：要求学生对一段有缺陷的论证做出分析，分析内容由考生根据试题自定分析下面的论证在概念、论证方法、论据及结论等方面的有效性。

题目自拟。

600字左右。

（提示：论证有效性分析评论型作文思考的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，该论证的论据是否支持结论，论据成立的条件是否充分等。

作文要注意内容深度、逻辑结构和语言表达。

）在全球9家航空公司的140份订单，得到确认后世界最大的民用飞机制造商之一空中客车公司2005年10月6日宣布将在全球正式启动其全新的A350远程客机项目。

中国、俄罗斯等国作为合作伙伴也被邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程。

其中，中国将承担A350飞机5%的设计和制造工作。

这意味着未来空中客车公司每销售100架A350飞机，就将有5架由中国制造。

这表明中国经过多年艰苦的努力，民用飞机研发与制造能力得到了系统地提升，获得了国际同行的认可；这也标志着中国已经可以在航空器设计与制造领域参与全球竞争并占有一席之地。

由此看出在经济全球化的时代,参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果。

也是提高我国技术水平和产业国际竞争力的必由之路。

参考例文参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果吗？中国被空中客车邀请参与A350飞机的研发与生产过程，表明中国民用飞机研发与制造能力得到了系统地提升，获得了国际认可；由此看出参与国际合作将带来双赢的结果。

该论证的论据不足以支持其论点，论证缺乏科学性，由此得出的结论是有失偏颇的。

首先，该论证存在混淆概念的缺陷，文中“制造工作”和“中国制造”，这是两个不同的概念，“制造工作”可能只是飞机制造工作中的部分工作，而“中国制造”可能意味着几乎大部分工作全部是在中国完成的。

管理类联考写作讲义基础班.doc

2015年MBA联考写作讲义基础班手稿田然老师第一部分前言一、关于课程好玩·管用·节省1、来辅导就是希望跟随，那么跟进。

2、作业、习题不多，都是真题，希望都做。

二、关于老师1、MBA两种目的：一追求学历的，结果导向，哪能上哪，选择合适的，农大、师大、中传；二追求理想经历质量的，越好越好。

2、北大MBA，多年如愿3、愿意聊的，邮件或课前单约4、联系方式：微博三、关于备考1、时间分配：时间要分为三轮，6-8月，9-11月，12月；3个月12周，2-3次。

数学3轮，英语3阶段，逻辑2轮，写作1轮。

2、考生分三种：数学英语都差，有一个差，差不多。

都差的现在开始，一个差的8、9月开始，差不多的9、10月开始。

3、2014年MBA国家东部线总分 160分 ,英语41 ,综合821、关于数学1、时间并不富余，你们的课程3个月一轮，海淀国贸都是，跟着走一轮。

2、精力分配：按照重要程度复习！应用题、（三）几何、（四）数据分析，排列组合概率除描述、（二）代数，数列，方程不等式，函数，其它，最后才是（一）算术（整分比例）3、实在不会先拉倒，以回忆青春记忆为主。

2、关于英语1、三步走，能力、考试、作文。

能力是单词、阅读，考试是研究命题规律，作文是背模板，能力6-8，考试9-11月，作文12月。

2、特级差的从背单词开始，别光背，光背单词就好像干咽馒头。

比较差的从中英对照或翻译阅读开始。

3、重在分析阅读正确选项特点。

4、有抓有放，抓阅读、作文、翻译阅读开始练翻译，然后研究正确选项规律。

作文背模板，翻译多做多练。

完形填空10，阅读B10阅读A40，翻译15，写作253、关于逻辑1、注重重复做题，因此至少要复习两轮4、关于写作1、基础班6月，知道考试，了解论证；系统班8-10月，全面学习，全神听课，下课写作业。

论证有习题作业，作文有自制范文作业。

2、可以不买辅导书，但是上课务必听，仅有的作业务必做。

2014真题现身第56-57题，共65分。

2020年MBA、MPA、MPAcc、MEM联考辅导写作讲义(打印版)

前言本讲义根据管理类联考大纲编写，第一部分为论证有效性分析，第二部分为论说文，第三部分为真题精练。

第一部分论证有效性分析主要梳理了该题型常见的逻辑漏洞及陷阱，针对每类漏洞都给出了写好其论证分析段落的写作框架，并从历年真题中精选了同类型的逻辑漏洞作为强化练习，学以致用，以期达到学一类、懂一类、掌握一类的学习效果。

论证有效性分析考核的是对某个观点的批判性思维，是作为管理人才对信息的筛选能力和判断能力。

所以，论证有效性分析对思维的逻辑性、严密性要求较高，这是我们广大考生极为缺乏的。

因此，在通过学习逻辑漏洞掌握常见逻辑陷阱类型的同时，更需要通过针对性的练习逐步培养逻辑分析的思维能力，从而提高分析逻辑漏洞、写好论证分析段落的水平。

但是，适合该题型相关练习题很少，而真题又是最佳的学习材料，所以，建议大家务必跟着课程的节奏，一步一步地使用好本讲义，不要急于做写作真题，尤其是不要急于看论证有效性分析的各种参考范文，否则就是浪费了真题。

第二部分论说文主要剖析了历年真题的命题思路，归纳出了“观点型论说文”与“关系型论说文”这两类论说文，并整理出了对应的写作框架，接着详细阐述了论说文各段落的写法，并分类提供了一些适用多个话题的常用素材。

好的素材一定是能够从多角度反复运用的，希望大家在熟悉这些素材的基础上，面对不同话题，能够随时调用熟悉的、合适的素材，做到“举一反三、以一敌多”。

论说文考核的是说明观点、说服他人的思维和能力，是作为管理人才对信息的输出能力。

这就要求考生具备全面的思维、系统的思维、辩证的思维，并且能够运用这些思维来分析事物，阐述观点。

为了做到这一点，一定要多阅读、多了解社会热点，因为只有这样才能真正开阔知识面，才能增加自己的输入，进而实现在考场上的输出。

第三部分真题精练没有提供参考范文，是希望大家学好之后再通过写真题来检测自己，毕竟真题是最好的备考材料，应当充分利用。

最后，祝愿友课教育的所有学员轻松拿下写作，顺利通过联考！目录前言 (1)第一部分论证有效性分析 (3)第一节概述 (3)第二节漏洞详解与专项练习 (6)第三节答题步骤与万能模板 (38)第四节专项练习参考范文 (42)第二部分论说文 (50)第一节题型解读与评分标准 (50)第二节命题思路剖析 (52)第三节观点型论说文 (54)第四节关系型论说文 (60)第五节谋篇布局 (67)第六节如何写好论说文 (72)第七节论据素材库 (92)故事类论据素材 (92)人物类论据素材 (95)历史类论据素材 (98)企业类论据素材 (102)创业类论据素材 (110)第三部分真题精练 (118)第一部分论证有效性分析第一节概述考试大纲：论证有效性分析试题的题干为一段有缺陷的论证，要求考生分析其中存在的问题，选择若干要点，评论该论证的有效性。

应用文讲稿

[讲稿一] 第一章应用写作的一般原理目的：使学生了解应用文写作的含义、功能，理解应用写作的特点和语言要求。

任务：使学生对应用写作基本情况有一定认识，为学生进一步掌握写作技能打下基础。

重点：应文写作的语言要求难点：应用文写作的特点。

第一节应用写作的性质与特点一、应用写作的性质1 定义2．应用写作的功能二、应用写作的特点（区别于文学写作）1．明确的实用性2．内容的真实性3．作者与读者对象的特定性4．较强的时效性5．格式的规范性第二节应用文体的语言要求一、准确1．应用写作中使用的语言概念，要求十分准确。

2．应用写作语言中的判断要讲究分寸感。

3．应用写作语言中运用推理，要合乎逻辑。

二、简洁1．要求文字简短，节约用字，简洁明了。

经常使用如“此复”、“函告”、“经报”、“可行”、“如期”、“尚需”。

2．可使用具有概括力的成语或熟语。

三、质朴不需要使用“文学笔法”，不用深奥古僻的词语。

但应用文体的语言也不全是枯燥无味的语言，有些语言有感人的一面，如书信。

四、得体结合对象、场合，准确用词。

第三节应用文体的表达方式一、叙述（一）叙述的含义与作用1、含义2、作用（二）应用写作中叙述的人称与方式1、叙述的人称2、叙述的方式（三）应用写作对叙述的要求二、议论（一）议论的含义与作用1、含义2、作用（二）应用写作中议论的特点（三）应用写作中议论的方法1、直接论证2、间接论证三、说明（一）说明的含义与作用1、含义2、作用（二）应用写作中说明的方法1、定义说明：通常说的下定义。

2、分类说明：按照一定标准划分出不同类型，一类一类加以说明。

3、举例说明：举出实例来说明事物事理。

4、比较说明：把两种或两种以上的事物，通过比较，说明事物的本质。

5、引用说明：引用资料说明客观事物。

6、数字说明：用精确的、具体的数字来说明事物特征。

7、比喻说明：通过打比方的手法，把抽象的事理或复杂的事物说得浅显易懂。

8、图表说明：用图画和表格来说明事物的特征。

MBA联考应用文写作讲稿

MBA联考应用文写作基础联考应用文类型：1. 信函2. 通告招聘广告、会议通知、备忘录、演说等3. 摘要：1500中文规定词数：100最佳词数：95-105信函写作基础a.Social letters: beginning with greeting exchanges and use imaginationb.B usiness letters: beginning directly with the purpose【例1】2010年考题：You have just come back from the US as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write to your American colleague to1)express thanks for warm reception2)welcome him to visit China in due course【例2】2011年考题：Suppose your cousin LI Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write the address.【例3】2012年考题：Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write and email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint, and2)demand a prompt solution社交书信的开头和结尾开头称呼：Dear Jane,Dear Ms. White:Dear Dr. Black:开头句1：I was glad to get your letter of May 12 telling me about your present situation. I’m sorry to have delayed answering your letter, since I’ve been busy with a project/preparing for a …开头句2：It’s ages since I last heard from you, and I am constantly thinking of you. How are you getting along with your study/work?开头句3：How time flies! And it’s two months since you left. Do you know how much we have been talking about you lately?开头句4：You have no idea how excited we were when we received your letter! Just imagine we’ll be seeing each other in two weeks.开头句5：It was good to meet you at the seminar in Beijing. I am going to be in Amsterdam in February and I would like to arrange a meeting with you as you suggested.收尾：I look forward to hearing from you soon.Please remember me to sb. I am expecting to repay her kindness that she gave me during my stay in your place.I enclose some photos I took in my tour to… You know, how overwhelmed I was by the breathtaking beauty there. Hopefully, we’ll get together someday.落款：Best regards,Love,Sincerely,公务信函的开头和结尾开头称呼：Dear Mr. Smith:Dear Sir or Madam:1) 表达谢意Thank you for you email of January 5.Thank you for your interest in our company.We were pleased to hear that you are interested in …2）表明目的I write this letter to complain to you about the poor service I received in XXX yesterday.I have seen the advertisement on your web page and would like to apply for the post of … //to be a candidate for a place in …We are writing to inform you that we are organizing a conference in Shanghai. We would like to invite your organization to attend.I read with interest about… I would like to point out that there are some mistakes in …3) 自我介绍We are a large manufacturing company specializing in…We are one of the leading producer of…结尾If you have any questions, please do not hesitate/feel free to contact me.We look forward to meeting you next month.We hope to have the opportunity of meeting you soon.We would be grateful if you could/would…落款Yours sincerely,Yours faithfully,Yours very truly,应用文模拟练习Task 1The company you are working for is going to hold a dinner party for its 10th anniversary. Write a letter to one of your business partner to1)invite him/her to attend;2)appreciate his/her cooperation with your company. Answer to Task 1:Dear Mr. Black:To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Shenhua Trading Co., Ltd, we are holding a dinner party at Hilton Hotel in Shanghai at 7:00 p.m. on February 6th.You are cordially welcome to the party so that we can express our sincere appreciation for your generous support. For your information, the party will be attended by other business elites including Prof. Wu Jinglian from Beijing University and Mr. Ma Yun from Taobao. We believe that this may offer an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with each other.We do hope that you will be able to join us on this occasion and look forward to seeing you then. (108 words)Sincerely yours,Task 2You live in a new residential area where there are few bus lines available in the neighborhood. Write to the local government to1)express the inconvenience you are suffering;2)suggesting possible solutions.Answer to Task 2:To whom it may concern:On behalf of the 30,000 residents in Xin Cheng area, I write to appeal to the government department concerned to pay immediate attention to our inconvenience we are suffering now.When we moved in, we were promised that some new bus lines would be set up in the neighborhood. However, two years have gone by but the bus line is still in the air. Now we have to walk to and from the nearest bus station, which takes at least 60 minutes. This has badly affected our lives, especially that of the school children who are forced to get up before 6 every morning.We strongly suggest that some bus lines should be extended to our neighborhood or set up connecting here to downtown.I look forward to your immediate response.Sincerely,An exhausted residentTask 3You bought a new dictionary but found something is wrong with the book. Write to the manger of the bookstore to1)complain about the defects;2)request a replacement.Answer to Task 3:Dear Sir:I write to express my disappointment with a dictionary I bought at your store.I ordered a copy of Modern English-Chinese Dictionary and received it yesterday. However, I was astonished to find several pages (from p.40 to p.67) missing. And worse still, some pages were badly stained. Obviously this dictionary is not up to the standard it should deserve. And this has already affected my study.I now ask for a replacement for this book as well as apayment for the postage.I look forward to a satisfactory response.Sincerely,Task 4Some of your employees have won the first prize in a contest. Write a letter to them to1)congratulate them;2)encourage them to make further effort.Answer to Task 4:Dear Mr. Park and Ms. Austin:Please accept my warmest congratulations on your winning the first prize in National Cooking Contest.To be frank, the news came as no surprise to me in view of your unusual abilities and skills. You certainly deserve the credit for your commitment/devotion to your work. Indeed we are always proud of what you do for the company.You will be glad to know that the company will award both of you 10,000 yuan as compliment for your contribution to enhancing the company’s reputation. And all this will be put into your personal record.I do hope you will continue to provide your excellent service for the company. (107 words)Task 5As a manager you received a letter complaining about the delay in delivering goods. Write to the customer to1)apologize to them for the delay;2)promise a quick delivery.Answer to Task 5:Dear Ms. Steward:Thank you for your letter of January 6th informing us of the delay in delivering your order No.123.I would like to apologize for the inconvenience caused. We have had some problems in obtaining imported component parts from our supplier but are now in the process of changing to Haier as our new supplier.Accordingly, we expect to be able to forward your order within the next week. You can find our products will satisfy your need as they used to.The delay was not up to our usual high standard of service,and I assure you that this will not be repeated. (103 words)Task 6You intend to attend an international conference on electronic business. Write a letter to1)request an application form;2)inquire about the fee, transport, accommodation, etc.Answer to Task 6:Dear Sir or Madam:I read in China Daily that your organization is holding the 2010 National Electronic Business Forum in Beijing in December. I am interested in attending it and would like to get the following information.1) Will you please ...?2) I wonder if it is possible for me to ...I wondered if it would be possible to...I was wondering if you could possibly..3) Would you mind if I get/got a loan of .?4) Could you ...?I would like you to send me an application form with the necessary information about the forum，such as the topic and schedule of the conference, and the introduction to the keyspeakers. I also want to know the exact amount of the fee and accommodation. In addition, will you arrange to meet the guests at the airport? And will you accept a party of five?Ours is a small but rapidly expanding company specializing in/engaged in e-business. /...is one of the leading/major dealers specializing in ... We are seeking any valuable proposals which can benefit our development.I would appreciate your help very much.Sincerely,Task 7One of your American friends is going to visit China on holiday and requests you to introduce some attractions in China. Write to him/her to1)briefly recommend a tour schedule;2)suggest some dos and don’ts.Answer to Task 7:Dear Mr. Smith,I was glad to get your letter of January 10 telling that .../informing me of your trip to China next month.Since you plan to stay in China for five days, I make this schedule for your consideration. The first two days are for yourbusiness conference in Shanghai. Anyway, business before pleasure. Afterwards, you may visit the Bund and Pudong，where you will see how far China is going on her road to prosperity. The fourth day you may visit Hangzhou, a great tourist attraction/destination well known for the beautiful lakes and hills. (The city is also the capital of Zhengjiang Province, over 100 km from Shanghai.) On the fifth, day, you may depart from Shanghai.1) I suggest/recommend that ...(should)...2) If I were you, i would ...It’s a good idea for you to take along as little luggage as possible, for in here you can get anything you need.Please feel free to tell me if you have any questions/ if I can be of some/any help.I look forward to seeing you soon.Best regards,Task 8One of your friends has just been laid off and is feeling depressed. Write to him to1)show your sympathy;2)warn him/her not to lose heart and look ahead.Answer to Task 8:Dear Lu Yi，I am so sorry to learn of the unfortunate news that you were laid off because of the depressed business of your company. I hope you won’t feel too discouraged and helpless about the future.I thought you would like to know that I was out of work two years ago. For a while I was at a loss what to do. Shortly afterwards I looked up and tried to start a business on my own. There were so many ups and downs, yet after some untold hardships I began to feel the warmth of life again.So I write to let you know that I will always stand by you whatever happens on your personal journey. Just feel free to share with me your tears and laughter.Please remember me to /give my best regards to sb. Hopefully, we shall get together/have a get-together sometime next week. // I enclose /attach some pictures I took when we last met.Yours ever,。

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