2016考研：英语阅读中的九大“符号秘密”

2016考研：英语阅读中的九大“符号秘密”
考研界公认的一条准则：得阅读者得天下。

阅读的考察大到篇章，小到标点符号，所以我们要掌握各个细节，知己知彼方能百战不殆。

下面凯程考研英语老师为大家总结考研阅读中常用标点符号，希望引起考生对阅读理解中标点加以重视。

1. 逗号
用于分割并列成分。

考研重点：两个逗号之间，或者一个逗号之后，如果是补充说明成分时，跳过不看。

Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.
2.句号
①用于陈述句，表示一个句子的结束，起分割切分句子作用。

②用于某些缩略词之后。

比如Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。

如果句号作为简写符号使用，那么这个词语简写前后面的符号应该照常写上，因为简写号并非句号，也不遵循句号的语法。

比如Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc..(注意两个点)。

③用作小数点
3. 问号
考研英语阅读文章中的问号一般都是设问的功能，只问不答，答案不言自明。

Eg1. 考研难道没有价值吗?另外，如果开篇就是问句，那么则属于问题答案型文章，对问题的回答就是全文主旨。

4. 冒号
冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步补充说明前面的内容。

Eg.1997 passage 3 Q2
60. The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.
[A] widespread [B] overwhelming
[C] piercing [D] fashionable
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
5.分号
前后是并列关系，包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)
6. 引号
①引用②强调③讽刺
Eg1 “Scientific”creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time”in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.
7. 括号
①解释说明生词。

②补充说明
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)
8. 破折号
①一个破折号后面起补充说明或评价判断。

I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.
“This book stands for reason itself.”And so it does —and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
②两破折号之间其补充说明，可先跳过不看。

In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
9.省略号
英文中的省略号的作用和汉语是一样的。

当省略号在句围并且有下文时，应该打四个点，最后一个为句号。

如:And it flew further, and further, and further.... Jorge smiled and turned back.当省略号在句尾并作为语气延长的作用时，应使用修辞前的标点，如：Do you love me...?其余情况下使用三个点。

如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town, please send...more...。