7B+Unit+4Grammar练习

牛津英语7B Unit 4 Grammar练习
一、冠词（a, an, the的用法）
1. a / an的用法：（不定冠词）
区别：a用于辅音音素开头，an用于元音音素开头。

(1)表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个, 通常在第一次提到某人或某物时用a / an
如：I am reading an interesting story book.(第一次出现) The book (第二次出现用the, 不用a/ an了)is my sister’s.我在读一本有趣的故事书，这本书是我姐姐的。

(2)、用其中的任何一个，代表他们所属种类的特性，表示一种或一类。

如：A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。

（表示马这一类）
A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。

（表示鸟这一类）
(3)、用在事物的度量单位前, 如时间、速度、价格等, 表示"每一个"。

如：We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。

(4)、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。

如：A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。

We need a car now. 我们现在需要一辆车。

(5)、固定搭配。

例如：a few 几个，a little 有点，等等。

2. 定冠词the的用法。

(1)、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

The bag (in the desk)is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。

Do you know the man (in a black coat)? 你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗？
(2)、如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候，用a / an，那么以后再提到的话，就变成特指的人或事物了。

I bought a book（首次出现）from Xinhua book-shop. The book（再次出现）costs 15 yuan.
I saw a film（首次出现）yesterday. The film（再次出现）was very interesting.
(3)、定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。

the sun,the moon,the earth
(4)、定冠词与单数名词连用, 也可以表示这一类人或事物。

The dog is not too dangerous. 狗不太危险。

The cat is an animal. 猫是一种动物。

(5)、定冠词与形容词连用, 可表示某一类人或事物。

这可看作是省略了名词的用法。

He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。

(6) the 用在姓名复数之前, 表示一家人。

The Greens are very kind to us. 格林一家人待我们很好。

(7)the +最高级the biggest one
(8)the+序数词on the ninth floor
(9) the+乐器play the piano
(10) the +年代in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
(11) 党派，江河湖海
(12)固定搭配：in the morning等
3. 不用冠词的时候。

(1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；
(2)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；
(3)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；
(4)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如：have breakfast，play
(5)当by与交通工具连用，中间无冠词；如：by bus，by train
(6) 序数词和最高级前有物主代词, 不用冠词如：his nineteenth birthday, my best friend
(7)固定搭配如：go to school, go to hospital……
巩固练习：
用适当的冠词填空:（a, an, the或不填）
1.________ elephant is________ biggest animal on land.
2.Do you know ________ child in __________ red T-shirt?
3.________ moon goes around ________ earth all the time.
4.Let’s meet at ________ quarter to ten on ________ Saturday.
5.________ China is famous for ________ Great Wall in ________ world.
6.I like playing ________ basketball, but I don’t like playing ________ piano.
7.She often has ________ supper at six and goes to ________ bed at once.
8.Let’s go out for ________ walk after ________ breakfast.
9.She always goes to work on ________ foot. She never goes on ________ bike.
10.They talked for about ________ hour and ________ half.
11.Tomorrow is ________ Children’s Day.
12.Washington D.C. is ________ capital of ________ USA.
13. There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．
14．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．
15．_______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．
16．Let's go out for _______ walk．
17．There is _______ woman over there．_______ woman is Meimei's mother．
18．_______ sun rises in _______ east．
19．_______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China．
20．_______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street．
21．He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike．
二、方位介词，移位介词大集合
1. 在……上above, on, over,
2. 在……下below, under, (楼上，楼下，气温在零度以上，零度以下必须用above / below)
3. 大小地方at, in,
4. 前后behind, in front of, in the front of,
5. 旁边，附近beside, next to, near, on the left of, on the right of
6. 之间between两者之间, among三者或三者以上之间
7. 里外inside, outside,
8. 对面opposite, 如：The bookshop is opposite our school.
9. 在中间，中心in the middle of, in the centre of,
10. 三个穿过through, across, past.
11. 沿着along
12. 绕着，环绕round, around travel around the world
13. 上，下up, down
14. 从……到……from……to……
15. 朝……方向towards如: walk towards the bridge
16. 往……里面into 如：come into the classroom
翻译
在…上方（有接触）_______________ 在…斜上方_________________________ 在…上方（无接触）_______________ 在…斜下方__________________________ 在…前面（内部）_________________ 在…前面（外部）____________________ 在…后面_________________________ 在…旁边/ 隔壁_______________________
在两者之间_______________________ 在…正中间__________________________ 在…对面_________________________ 在…里面____________________________ 在…外面_________________________ 在…左边/ 右边______________________
从旁边经过_______________________ 从内部经过___________________________
从表面经过_______________________ 绕着_________________________________
易错题：
1. 易混淆above（斜上方，无接触）, on（有接触）, over（正上方，无接触）
There is a bookshelf above my bed. There are some books on my bed.
There is a bridge over the river.
2. 易混淆past(旁边经过), across（表面经过）, through（在立体空间中的内部穿过）
He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. （从窗户内部经过）
He goes past me without saying any words. （从我旁边经过）
He swam across the river. （从河的表面经过）
3. 易混淆cross（动词）, across（介词）
如：When we cross the road, we should be careful.
= When we go across the road, we should be careful.
4. 易混淆pass（动词）, past（介词）
巩固练习：
选用本课合适的介词或介词短语填空：
1.People often sit ________ the trees because it is hot in the sun.
2.There is some chicken ________ the plate. How delicious!
3.Our school usually starts __________ 7:30 a.m.
4.He stands ________ me, because he is shorter than me.
5.We have to go to school ________ Monday _________ Friday.
6.Our teacher often stands ___________ the classroom and gives us lessons.
7.Do you know the difference ________ the twins?
8.The shelf is __________ my bed. There are some toys _________ the shelf.
9.You must cross the road. The supermarket is ________ us.
10.He’ll arrive __________ Nanjing on Saturday with his friend.
11.He’ll arrive _________ school on Saturday with his friend.
12.There is a river ___________ our city.
13.The train goes ___________ the tunnel.(隧道)
14.I am afraid to walk __________ the forest.
15.The sun is shining __________ the window.
16.The door is too small for an elephant to go ___________.
17.The door is closed, I have to get into the classroom __________ the window.
18.Go __________ the road, you will find it.
19.My house is ________ a river.
20.There are many planes flying ___________ the sea.
21.I live two floors _________(上) him, he lives two floors ___________(下)me.
22.The earth goes __________ the sun.
23.Kitty is climbing _________ the hill.
24.It takes 40 minutes by underground _________ Sunshine Town _______ the centre of Beijing.
25.Can you see the bridge _________ the river?
26.There are some birds singing _________ the tree.
27.There are many apples _________ the tree.
28.The boat is passing __________ the bridge.
29.The temperature(气温)will be ___________ zero. We must wear more clothes.
30.Walk __________ the bridge, then walk _________ the police station, you’ll see the post
office in front of you.。