高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)

高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests
in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in
by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-
off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.
"We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
（1）According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________.
A. result in a warming climate
B. cause the forest fires to occur more frequently
C. lead to a longer fire season
D. protect the forests and the environment there
（2）The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT ________.
A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere
B. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase
C. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space
D. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun
（3）Earlier studies about northern forest fires ________.
A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate
B. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere
C. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environment
D. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming
（4）The underlined phrase "soak up" in the last paragraph most probably means ________.
A. released
B. absorbed
C. created
D. distributed
（5）From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________.
A. warm the climate as the supposition goes
B. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate
C. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice
D. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions”这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.”可知地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediate effects。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Ea rlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.”可知早期关于北方森林火灾的研究建议大火将加速气候变暖，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的““0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space.”可知该词与send back该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为send back指反射。

故选B。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.”可知从这个研究中得到的结论是B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.
Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.
"The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."
Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."
There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.
（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?
A. To study how the iceberg was formed.
B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.
C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.
D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.
（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. The Larsen C ice shelf.
B. Climate change in Antarctica.
C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.
D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.
（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?
A. It is as big as London.
B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.
C. It will disappear in a very short time.
D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.
B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.
C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.
D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。

冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Now scientists say it is a race against time to explo re these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.”可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life...”可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以Professor David Vaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故this one 指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.”到达一个新发现的在拉森冰架下面隐藏了12万年的的生态系统，可知选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“…At the cur rent rate, the world's oceans will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世纪末平均至少升高60厘米，选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环境类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When you think back to the blackboard from your school days, what color is it? Chances are that it's green. So what's up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wall-sized blackboards existed, late 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact, black, and they paved the way for the larger ones.
In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. Problem solved! From there, the idea spread quickly as teachers could finally show a concept to the whole class at one time. By 1815, the massive writing spaces were common enough to earn their own name: blackboard.
The color change came in the 1960s when companies sold, steel plates, coated with green
enamel (漆) instead of the traditional dark slate. The new material was lighter and less fragile than the first blackboards, so they were cheaper to ship and more likely to survive the journey. Teachers weren't complaining either. After all, the new "greenboards" made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word "chalkboard "as a more accurate descriptor, but "blackboard" still stuck around.
（1）What did the late 18th-century students use in class?
A. Blackboard.
B. Chalkboard.
C. Greenboard.
D. Mini board.（2）Why did the headmaster ask the students to put their mini boards together?
A. To make a comparison.
B. To make enough space.
C. To draw students' attention.
D. To arouse students' interest.
（3）Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the "greenboard"?
A. They're lighter in weight.
B. They're more convenient to transport.
C. They're easier to erase the powder.
D. They're more useful than the traditional ones.
（4）What's the main idea of the text?
A. Introduction of the blackboard.
B. Origin of the blackboard.
C. Color of the blackboard.
D. Function of the blackboard.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过描述黑板发展历程向读者介绍了黑板最早的时候确实是黑色的，随后慢慢发展变成了绿色。

回答了"黑板为什么是绿色的？"这个问题。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的，"te 18th-century students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood..."可知，18世纪的学生用的是“迷你板”。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“ In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn't draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board.
”在1800年，一名英格兰校长James Pillans想让他的学生们画地图，但是学生们在他们的迷你板上无法画出地图，因此校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起来制造一个大的板。

可知，校长让学生把他们的迷你板拼凑在一起是为了创造一个大的空间来画地图。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"The new material was lighter and... more likely to
survive the Journey."可知A项和B项正确；以及"After all, ... made the chalk powder easier to erase."可知C项正确；D项文章未提及。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章第一段前四句话点明了文章中心：我们看到的黑板大多是绿色的，为什么叫黑板？通读全文也可知文章主要讲述了黑板发展过程中颜色从黑色变成绿色的过程和原因。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that fell to the earth last year. The objects were discovered off the coast of the United States in the Pacific Ocean.
The crew of the Nautilus, a private research ship, recovered the rock particles(颗粒).The Nautilus is operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust. The group says its aim at present is to examine areas of the ocean that have never been explored before.
The search was launched after US government weather stations observed a large meteorite exploding some months ago. The explosion lit up the sky and sent the rock particles to the earth. The meteorite fall was the largest recorded over the United States in at least 20years. The team includes scientists from NASA, the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and the University of Washington. The scientists examined what they believe were two small meteorite fragments. Further testing is needed before they can confirm that the material came from the explosion.
The Nautilus is equipped with two remotely operated vehicles(ROVs), called Hercules and Argus. These robotic submarines help researchers find and collect materials from the seafloor. The fact that the particles landed in the ocean, instead of on land, means larger pieces may have survived and can be studied. For this reason, scientists decided to launch the first intentional search for meteorites from the ocean. Until the latest research, scientists had only accidentally discovered a small number of meteorites from drilling operations.
The objects recovered from the bottom of the sea likely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons. First, meteorite particles are basically made of glassy materials that do not tend to last long in seawater. Secondly, they came from what looked like a small hole on the seafloor. Some evidence shows that they came from something that fell.
（1）What is the current goal of the crew of the Ocean Exploration Trust?
A. To recover the rock particles.
B. To observe movements of the universe.
C. To study unexplored places of the ocean.
D. To examine creatures of the explored ocean.（2）What mainly caused the start of the search in the sea?
A. A huge meteor shower.
B. Business value of meteors.
C. Plenty of natural resources.
D. The brainstorm of researchers.
（3）Why do the scientists prefer to search for meteors in the ocean?
A. They can find meteors more easily.
B. They may find bigger rock particles.
C. They like to explore strange sea areas.
D. They have better submarine equipment.
（4）What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. Offer clues for the search.
B. Give reasons to support a guess.
C. Stress the importance of the event.
D. Describe the process of the search.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们发现了他们认为是去年坠落地球的流星碎片。

这些物体是在美国太平洋沿岸发现的。

一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。

科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The group says its aim at present is to examine areas of the ocean that have never been explored before.”可知，the Ocean Exploration Trust的船员目前的目标是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that fell to the earth last year.”可知，一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“The fact that the particles landed in the ocean, instead of on land, means larger pieces may have survived and can be studied.”可知，科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The objects recovered from the bottom of the sea li kely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想给出支持猜测的理由。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
In our twenties, we find it funny when we can't remember our neighbor's cat's name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it "brain freeze". In our forties, we laugh it off as a" senior moment" and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, "Am I losing it？"Or worse, "Is this a sign of Alzheimer's disease （老年痴呆症）？"
Well, don't worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimer's disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that it's not forgetfulness but not being aware that we're forgetful that we should fear.
The researchers began with the assumption that one common feature of Alzheimer's dis-ease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with" mild cognitive（认知的）damage" will progress to full-on AD. For the study, "mild cognitive damage" was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or
had suffered objective memory loss.
The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12-year period. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the researchers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.
（1）What can be implied from paragraph 1？
A. People can be forgetful at different ages.
B. The memory of the young is better than the old.
C. Old people are most afraid of getting Alzheimer's disease.
D. It's a rare phenomenon when young people forget something.
（2）What statement does the researchers in the new study agree with?
A. Being aware all the time is a fearful thing.
B. Illness awareness has nothing to do with Alzheimer's disease.
C. Recognizing forgetfulness doesn't mean developing Alzheimer's disease.
D. Realizing forgetfulness must be a sign of developing Alzheimer's disease.
（3）What can be a sign of developing Alzheimer's disease?
A. Realizing others' forgetfulness.
B. Reduced uptake of glucose.
C. Having higher intake of glucose.
D. Expected increase in brain function.
（4）From which is the text probably taken?
A. Science fiction.
B. A chemistry book.
C. A science research.
D. A health brochure.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症, 一项新的研究表明，不是遗忘，而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ I n our twenties, we find it funny when we can't remember our neighbor's cat's name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it ‘brain freeze’In our forties, we laugh it off as a‘senior moment’ and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful.”在二十多岁的时候，当我们记不起邻居的猫的名字或是主演一部著名电影的英俊演员时，我们觉得很有趣。

在三十多岁的时候，我们开玩笑地称它为“大脑冻结”，在四十多岁的时候，我们把它当作“老年时期”来嘲笑，然后继续讲这些老年笑话。

但现实是，有这样的时候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起来有点可怕，可推知选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“ The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your
developing Alzheimer's disease（AD）”承认自己的健忘也许是一个很好的迹象，至少从你患老年痴呆症,的可能性来看，可知选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“ It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD.”这是一个患有老年痴呆症降低了脑功能的客观标志。

正如所料，老年痴呆症患者的葡萄糖吸收降低，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，是一项科学研究，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症, 故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Comparatively speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.
In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though, researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings are made up of both their front and hind limbs (肢体). This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do.
Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.
（1）Which of the following is the topic of the passage?
A. Places where flying animals choose to land.
B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.
C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.
D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds.
（2）Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently corrected?
A. They cannot hear any sound.
B. They sleep upside down.
C. They fly similarly to birds.
D. They hide in tree branches.
（3）The word "it" (in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to "______".
A. the distance to the nets
B. the sense of flying height
C. the flying direction
D. the ability to change the speed
（4）According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Bats might hurt themselves when landing.
B. Bats can hang upside down like birds.
C. Bats can adjust speed before landing.
D. Bats and birds land in different ways.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者用研究事实来证明蝙蝠在飞行及运动方式与鸟类完全不同。

以前人们认为蝙蝠和鸟类在运动方面没有什么区别，但现在的研究证明蝙蝠的构造不同于鸟类，它们的翅膀由前肢和后肢组成，它们自我调节能力好，可迅速改变飞行方向，或完全逆行，这是鸟类不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立着降落的！这不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的"Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently."提出了蝙蝠与鸟的降落方式及飞行的不同。

第二段用研究证明过去认为蝙蝠和鸟类在飞行运动方面没有什么区别是错误的。

尤其是"they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do"可知蝙蝠与鸟的运动不同；第三段中的"Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches,…"再一次说明了蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同。

综上所述，可知，蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同是本文的主题。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings…This makes c oordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances."可推断出，过去人们认为蝙蝠与鸟在飞行运动方式与鸟没有区别，最近的研究发现，这是不正确的，故也是要纠正的，故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

划线部分的上下文说"蝙蝠在自我调节的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改变飞行方向，或者完全与它（正飞行方向）相反的方向飞行，这是鸟不容易做到的。

"由此可知，此处的"it"指的是飞行的方向。

故选C。

（4）考查推断判断。

根据第三段中的"Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force,
which probably causes pain."可知，蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立着降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟，观察到蝙蝠可以四处飞行，然后突然倒挂在头顶的物体上。

这种降落方式的一个缺点是蝙蝠经常用力降落，这可能会导致疼痛。

因此蝙蝠与鸟不同，蝙蝠可以倒挂着。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.
The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.
It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it's worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.
Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren't found guilty.
Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn't stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.
（1）What does the new study show?
A. People wearing glasses are smarter.
B. People wearing glasses are healthier.
C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.
D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.
（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Shift.
B. Link.
C. Proof.
D. Consequence.
（3）Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?
A. Because it can create a moral image.
B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.。