福建省近三年高考英语单项试题分析、归纳和备考启示

福建省近三年高考英语单项填空试题分析、归纳和备考策略
高三英语组周颖烽
高考英语单项填空题是对基础知识的测试，是整个试卷中的“门面”，虽然所占分值不高（15分），但对英语教学具有明显的导向作用。

而且基础知识掌握得好不好对高考英语试题的其它部分有直接的影响。

因此，加强对单项填空试题的研究有利于把握复习方向，提高复习效率，保证教学的良好循环。

下面对福建省近三年高考英语单项填空试题作简要分析、分类归纳并谈谈备考策略。

一、试题分析
纵观福建省近三年（2009-2011）高考英语单项填空试题可知，三年的试题难度上稳中有变，逐年提高，有较好的区分度。

考查重点稳定，保证了对教学的良好反拨作用。

三份试题的部分试题综合测试了考生英语知识和基本能力，既注重考查内容覆盖性，又突出“以动词和句子结构”为考查重点，不仅考查了考试说明中新增加的语法项目—虚拟语气，还考查了学生的词汇、语法和习惯用语等项目，题干设计新颖，注重知识点在语境中的运用。

在三份试题的45道单项填空试题有17道题与动词有关，占本题考查总量的37.8%。

其考查范围涉及动词短语辨析、时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词等。

从句也是考查的重点，其中包括对状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句、特殊句式等的考查。

此外，考查的内容还涉及名词、冠词、介词、代词、形容词、副词、情景交际等。

近三年福建高考英语单项填空题考点分布
考查语法项目冠
词
时
态
动
词
和
动
词
短
语
非
谓
语
动
词
情
态
动
词
定
语
从
句
状
语
从
句
名
词
性
从
句
代
词
名
词
形容
词、
副词
介
词
交
际
用
语
特
殊
句
式
虚
拟
语
气
题量
2009 0 2 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2010 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 2011 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
此外，近三年福建高考英语的单选题还具有有两大特点：一.编写的题干语言
更加地道，符合英美人士最新发展的语言习惯，也符合近年来提倡学习真实英
语的导向。

但过于口语化的表述可能对部分山区学生或接触英语不频繁的学生
来说有点难度。

二.许多题干以时下热门事件为背景，比如：防范H1N1流感，
抵抗索马里海盗,胡锦涛视察中国海军，庆贺海军建军60周年，上海世博会、志愿者现象、StephenHawking最新科学探索、青海玉树地震、校园及交通安全以及冰岛火山的影响，清华大学校庆，日本核泄漏事件等。

二、考点归纳
(一)名词
（2009年）29. The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any_____ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April,2009.
A. delay
B. effort
C. schedule
D. consideration (2011年)26.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.
A.result
B.cause
C.warning
D.reflection
(二)冠词
（2010年）21. It’s ________ good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them_____pleasure.
A. 不填，a
B. a, 不填
C. the,a
D. nothing
(三)介词
(2009年)23. --How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!
--It’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature.
A. of
B. for
C. by
D. about
（2010年）27. More and more high—rise buildings have been built in big cities _______ space.
A. in search of
B. in place of
C. for lack of
D. for fear of (2011年)22. good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.
A. Far from
B. Apart from
C. instead of
D. Regardless of
(四)代词
(2009年)26. --Your mum is very kind.
--Yeah, My mum is pretty considerate, you know what ,she always arranges everything around me.
A. she means
B. you mean
C. I mean
D. we mean
（2010年）22. When you introduce me to Mr Johnson. could you please say _____ for me ?
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing (2011年)21. We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose ____ based on your own interests.
A. either
B. each
C. one
D. it
(五)形容词与副词
(2009年)30. It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step masks a big difference.
A. exactly
B. fortunately
C. surprisingly
D. hardly
(2010年)23—volunteering is becoming ________ popular in China.
—yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.
A. naturally
B. successfully
C. splendidly
D. increasingly (2010年)32. Drunk driving, which was once a ________ occurrence, is now under control.
A. general
B. frequent
C. normal
D. particular (2011年)30.Nowedays, increase in children’s creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to drevelop their tilents.
A.sharp
B.slight
C.natural
D.modest
(六)动词及动词短语
（2009年）27. We are at your service. Don’t to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A. beg
B. hesitate
C. desire
D. seek
（2009年）28. The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action.
A. fight for
B. apply for
C. call on
D. wait on
（2010年）30. We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there is a lot to do. Let’s _______it.
A. keep up with
B. do away with
C. get down to
D. look forward to （2010年）33. ——In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
——I can’t agree more. it’s great to have the two ________.
A. linked
B. related
C. connected
D. combined (2011年)28.I’d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A.show
B. express
C.pass
D.reserve
(2011年)31.Born into a family with three brothers,David was to value the sense of sharing.
A.brought up
B.turned down
C.looked after
D.held back
(七)非谓语动词
（2009年）32. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding
B. Reminded
C. To remind
D.Having reminded （2009年）34. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking
B. marked
C. having marked
D. being marked （2010年）25. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to yushu. Qinghai province after the earthquake. . . .
A. sending
B. to send
C. having sent
D. to have sent （2010年）34. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ________ abroad due to the
volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking
B. stuck
C. to be stuck
D. to have stuck (2011年)23. Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. found
B. founding
C. founded
D. to be founded
(2011年)27.The difference in thinkness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .
A. held
B. holding
C. be held
D. to hold
(八)动词的时态和语态
（2009年）22. --Why does the Lake smell terrible?
--Because large quantities of water .
A. have polluted
B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted
D. have been polluted （2009年）31. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays.
A. will make
B. had made
C. was making
D. makes
（2010年）28. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in shenzhen for the money—making jobs they ________ Before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised
B. were promised
C. have promised
D. have been promised （2010年）31. —Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short —term visit to the UK this summer.
—How mice! you ________ a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing
B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing
D. will have experienced
(2011年)st month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they From China.
A.receive
B.are receiving
C.have received
D.had received
(九)情态动词
(2011年)25.--Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
-- I am afraid you ___, in case he comes late for the meeting.
A.will
B.must
C.may
D.can
(十)状语从句
（2009年）33. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when
B. while
C. after
D. since
（2010年）26. The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before
B. until
C. as
D. since
(十一)定语从句
（2009年）24. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
（2010年）24. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to the only planet _______ life has developed gradually.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. whose (2011年)24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who
(2011年)33.It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that
B.when
C.since
D.berore
(十二)名词性从句
（2010年）35. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ________ we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
(十三)情景交际
（2009年）21. –Bruce, I really appreciate your handwriting.
-- .
A. I practice every day
B. Thank you very much
C. No, I don’t think so
D. Well, it’s not good enough
(2011年)35.——My teacher says she’s canceling the class play.I just can’t understand.
——.You were looking forwars to it.
A.It doesn’t matter
B.It’s very unwise of her
C.Don’t worry about it C.You must be disappointed
(十四)特殊句式（倒装句、强调句、祈使句、反意疑问句、省略句、with的复合结构等）
（2009年）25. For a moment nothing happened ,Then all shouting together.
A. voices had come
B. came voices
C. voices would come
D. did voices come (2011年)29.-It’s nice.Never before such a special drink!
-I’m glad you like it.
A.I have had
B. I had
C. have I had
D. had I
(十五)虚拟语气
（2009年）35. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win
B. would not have won
C. would win
D. would have won （2010年）29. Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12to ride
bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow
D. couldn’t allow
(2011年)34.——Play you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution。

——I it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended
B.had attended
C.would sttend
D.would have attended
三、备考策略
1、认真研读两纲，一说明，明确复习内容
高考的命题的依据是《教学大纲》、《考试大纲》和《考试说明》，所以必须认真研读。

通过研读，把握命题特点和规律，明确复习内容，使复习考试有针对性和有效性，避免随意性和盲目性。

2、归纳梳理知识，构建知识体系
我们都知道，平时的教学是分散进行的，学生获得的知识是由点滴积累的，他们的基础知识缺乏系统性，有些甚至是知识的断层的现象。

复习课的作用之一就是要帮助学生在原有的基础上获取尽量系统、完整的语言知识。

因此，在复习中老师应注意运用各种方法将以往零散的、独立的知识点进行系统归纳、梳理，使学生能通过复习自主构建知识体系。

对词汇的梳理要注意，不仅要求要熟记词义，还要熟记词的转义和搭配，尤其是常用词汇一词多义的用法。

例如：charge sb. with sth./ charge sb. for sth./ take charge of / take the charge of / free of charge/ in charge of/ in the charge of/ at one’s own charge/ at a charge等。

还要注意掌握构词法，扩大词汇量。

例如：accept—acceptable—acceptably—acceptance。

词汇复习还要做到“词不离句、句不离文”，真正把知识学活，做到融会贯通。

3、充分利用“错题集”，培养分析能力和应变能力
高考往往把考查学生实际运用英语的能力放在首位。

但不少考生虽然平时做了大量的练习和试题，可一到实战时仍然不会举一反三，甚至举三不能反一，其真正原因是学而不思，囫囵吞枣，因而缺乏分析能力和应变能力。

而分析能力和应变能力不是靠老师的“满堂灌”，学生的死记硬背就能获得的,必须在学生学习语言和运用语言的过程中通过观察、思考、总结而获得。

实践证明，充分利用“错题集”可有效培养学生的分析能力和应变能力。

因为通过“错题集”，学生在学习过程中不断积累知识，“由薄到厚”，再经过不断地理解、感悟、内化，“由厚到薄”的提炼过程。

在这种提炼过程中学生的能力自然得到了培养和锻炼。

4、精心设计练习和试题，提高复习效率
高三总复习阶段时间紧、任务重，在复习中，如果老师单纯地把课本知识重新过一遍，势必会使学生感到乏味，降低学习积极性，影响复习效果。

而如果利用“拿来主义”的方式，不仅不切合实际，起不到巩固、提高的目的，而且还会加重学生的负担，使学生产生厌学的情绪。

为了省时、高效，老师必须
精心设计复习练习和试题。

练习和试题要充分体现《教学大纲》和《考试说明》的要求和命题原则，并注意渗透新课程理念，关注社会热点。

5、注意解题方法，提高解题技巧
高考单项填空题是对基础知识进行检测的试题，但这种试题的设置不会是对基础知识孤立的考查，而是“命题要特别注意语用和情景理解的设置，并保证主干知识的覆盖面，增加综合性和语境化因素”。

因此，在解题时应该树立全局观、整体观，不能顾此失彼，只注意语法知识的正确性而忽略了语境使用中的合理性。

此外，遇到新颖的题干不要心慌，要排除思维定势的影响，努力拓展思维的广度，注意分析和比较获取的信息，决不可凭一知半解就匆忙作答。