自考英语(一)复习资料第一章

自考英语(一)复习资料第一章
第一部分词海拾趣
1．Success n . 成功
I wish you success.
Congratulations to you on your success.
Succeed in doing something 成功的做成某件事
If he succeeds in passing the university entrance examination, he''ll travel abroad.
分析下面这句话中succeed 的意思：
A silence succeeded his words. (随后，接
着)
他说完话后，紧接着是一阵沉默。

Successful adj. 成功的
In a way, he''s successful.
Unsuccessful successfully(前后缀)
2． Disagree with…不同意…
agree 同意…
agree with … I couldn''t agree with you
more.
I agree with what you said.
agree to … Do you agree to the plan ?
agree on… Finally they agreed on that point.
( 补充dislike , unlike )
3.statement 声明，陈述，财务报表，财务结算表
eg: Do you believe his statement? 你相信他说的话吗？
I get a statement from the bank every month. 我每个月从银行收到一份财务结算表。

（构词法 state statement , improve improvement ）
4. guarantee n , v. 保证，担保，保修
under guarantee 在保修期
The watch is still under guarantee. 这块手表还在保修期。

The TV set has a two-year guarantee. 这台电视保修两年。

我们还可以说：The TV set is guaranteed for two years.
I guarantee that you''ll enjoy yourself. 我保证你会玩的愉快。

5．Be similar to ….与…相似
6． Inexact
incomplete
independent ( differ, different)
depend on…依靠，取决于…
It depends.(意思是还没有确定，视情况而定)
7. guesser teacher worker actor employer employee employment cooker
8. clue 线索，迹象
Have any clues been found? 是否找到了什么线索？
（非正式用法not have a clue ,不懂，一无所知）
---do you know what he''s talking about? （你知道他在说什么吗？）
----I don''t have a clue .( 我什么都不知道)l
9．Conclusion n. 结论
Be careful not to jump to conclusions.不要草率的下结论。

In conclusion, I''d like to say how much I''ve enjoyed staying here.最后，我想说的是，我在这儿过的多么愉快。

10．On Purpose 故意的
purposefully
11.outline 轮廓，概要，大纲
an outline of history 历史大纲
v. 划出…轮廓，提出…纲要，略述
The director outlined his plans for the company''s future. 经理概述了公司未来的计划。

第二部分：课文语言点剖析
1. Learning a language is easy. 这句话中动名词短语learning a language作主语。

又如：Seeing is believing .
2.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.
试找出句子的主干：
此句中who are learning a second language 是定语从句，用来修饰most adults.
Would 的用法？
3．Hundred, thousand, million, billion 表确数时不用复数形式，表概数时加S
Eg: a hundred , three hundred , four million ,
Hundreds of…
Thousands of …
Millions of…
Billions of…
4.be different from…与….不同
be the same as….与….相同
5．Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
Who 引导了一定从，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语是后面不定式。

6．Language teachers often offer advice to language learners,…
注意offer 的用法：offer sb sth 或者 offer sth to sb
advice 是不可数名词，不能说an advice , 同样也没有词形变化，不能加S。

听从某人建议，我们说take/follow one''s advice
7. practice speaking the language every day.
Practice doing sth
Everyday 与every day 的区别
Everyday life 日常生活
I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。

8．Learn as a child would learn
As 引导了一方式状语，像孩子那样。

9.first of all 首先，第一
secondly 其次
finally 最后
(阅读时要注意文章的topic sentence，一般在句首或者句尾)
10.wait for ,
look for / find
11．such /so 都翻译成如此，区别何在？看下面的短语，用such/so 填空。

＿＿a man
＿＿a kind lady
＿＿pretty the carpet
＿＿kind a lady
＿＿bad weather
＿＿beautiful pictureｓ
12.make a mistake 犯错误
13.be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
不愿做某事的表达方法：
be unwilling to do sth
be reluctant to do sth
14.when communication is difficult, they can accept the information that is inexact or incomplete.
That 引导的定从修饰the information
Information 为不可数名词
15. It''s more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
16. Learn from…向….学习
we should learn from each other.
17. you have probably been learning independently, …
本句用了现在完成进行时：have ( has) been doing
表示从过去开始，一直持续现在仍在进行的动作。

例如：It has been raining.
18.on the one hand, 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
19．If your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.
如果你的语言学习一直都不太成功，你不妨试试上面列出的一些技巧。

Less than …是一固定格式，译为不太….
Eg:
We''re less than happy about the coming exam.
我们不太高兴参加即将到来的这场考试。

Outlined above 分词短语作定语后置
20.Might do well to do sth,最好还是做… ,不妨做….
可以与might do sth as well 互换使用，例如：
you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.可以说成
you might try some of the techniques outlined above as well.
翻译下面的句子：
He hasn''t worked hard, he might give it up as well.
You might do well to start early.
第三部分语法讲解（一）词类
英语中词实词和虚词两类，其中实词有名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词，数词。

虚词有介词，冠词，连词，感叹词。

1．名词n
名词是表示事物名称的词。

有普通名词和抽象名词两类。

参照课本第19页。

考查重点在
名词的可数性上。

名词还有可数和不可数之分。

可数名词有单数和复数之分。

可数名词复数变化规则：
词尾字母情况变化方法例词
一般情况加-s bird-birds, desk-desks, hand-hands lake-lakes 以ch , sh , s, x ,z 加-es church-churches, dish-dishes class-classes
box-boxes, quiz-quizzes
辅音字母+y 变y为i在加es family-families, baby- babies country-countries 以o结尾加-es tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes hero-heroes,
volcano-volcanoes
以f或fe结尾变f或者fe为v加es Thief-thieves, wife-wives, half-halves
leaf-leaves, Knife-knives, wolf-wolves,
self-selves
注：a.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s, 如：play-plays, boy-boys
b.以o结尾的名词，直接加-s,如：photo-photos, bamboo-bamboos
c.以f 或者fe结尾，直接加-s,如：belief-beliefs, cliff-cliffs
2.冠词article
冠词有不定冠词(a, an) 和定冠词(the) 不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，表示一个，一件….,the 可以与可数名词连用，也可以与不可数名词连用，表特指。

A用在辅音(音素 )开头的可数名词单数前边， an 用于元音（音素非字母）开头的可数名词单数前面。

例如：
A cake， a chance, a desk, a useful book, a university student, an hour, an honest man
3．代词pron
代词有人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，关系代词等。

1.人称代词：
人称代词分为第一、第二和第三人称，每个人称有各自的主格和宾格形式
第一人称： I （主格）-me（宾格）, we（主格）-us（宾格）
第二人称： you（主格、宾格）
第三人称： he（主格）-him(宾格)
she (主格)- her (宾格)
it (主格)- it (宾格)
they (主格)- them（宾格）
注：a).当I和其他名词或代词一起作并列主语时，I总放在最后。

但是翻译的时候，汉语的习惯是我在前。

如：Tom, John and I went to a party last night. 我和汤姆，约翰昨晚参加了一个派对。

You and I 我和你
You, he and I 你我他
注：表示要承担责任时，应把I 提前，例如：I and Tony are to blame.
2. 物主代词:
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，必须和名词连用，不能单独使用；名词性的物主代词相当于名词，不能再与名词连用。

名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。

如：This is your book.. Mine is on the desk. 这是你的书，我的在桌子上。

（mine=my book）
4.相互代词：each other, one another
5. 指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词，如：this, these, that, those.
如：We have no water .That''s our trouble.我们没有水了。

这是我们的困难。

注：指示代词this, that可在句中作状语，表示程度，相当于so .
如：He said he couldn''t walk that far.
6．疑问代词who''s the girl in red?
7．关系代词He''s a professor who has lived here for 10 years.
8 .不定代词:
1).复合不定代词由every, some, any, no与-one,-body,-thing构成的代词。

指人指人指物
everyone everybody everything
someone somebody something
anyone anybody anything
no one nobody nothing
所有的不定代词都当作单数对待。

如：No one wants to go there.
Is everyone here?
复合不定代词的定语后置，即形容词作复合不定代词的定语时要后置。

如：I have something important to tell you .
复合不定代词只具有名词性质，不能作定语。

如：Nobody is late for the meeting .（复合不定代词nobody作主语）
I know nothing about the accident.(复合代词nothing 作宾语)
That''s nothing.没什么。

（复合代词nothing作表语）
2) 英语中的不定代词如：all, both, either, neither, little, a little, some, any , many, other , another等，多数都可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但no和every只具有形容词性质只能作定语，none只具有名词性质，不能作定语。

如：Time waits for no man.时不我待。

（no 作定语）
Every room is bright.每个房间都很明亮。

（every作定语）
None of them has been to Paris.他们中没有一个去过巴黎。

（none作主语，强调单一性，谓语用单数）
None of them were aware of the danger.他们都没有意识到有危险。

（none强调整体性，谓语用复数）
3) .it 的用法
1) 用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事务
The frog is not a warm-blooded animal .It''s a cold-blooded one.
2) 用以代替指示代词
What''s this? It''s a flag.
3) 起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物
Who''s knocking at the door? It''s me.
4) 指环境情况等
It''s noisy in the classroom.
5) 指时间，天气，季节，距离等
It''s a long way to the factory.
6) 做形式主语，形式宾语，如：
It''s not a good habit to stay up late.
I found it difficult that I finished the task by myself.
7) 用于强调结构
It was he who broke the window.
4.数词num
根据表数量还是表顺序，数词分为基数词和序数词。

5．形容词adj
形容词是用来修饰名词，表示名词属性的词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。

例如public relations a young man
形容词和副词有原级，比较级，最高级三种形式
1) 单音节词：
2) 双音节词：
a) 以-y结尾的双音节形容词，要先把y变为i, 再加-er和-est.
如pretty – prettier- prettiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
b) 其他绝大多数的双音节词是在词前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。

如： clever-more clever-the most clever
gentle-more gentle-the most gentle
注意：在英文中，几乎所有的双音节形容词，除了以-y结尾的词外，都可以加more 和the most 来构成比较级和最高级。

3）多音节词
三个或更多音节的词都是在其前加more和the most构成比较级和最高级的。

如： interesting- more interesting- the most interesting
4) 特殊形式的比较级和最高级：
英文中有些形容词的比较级和最高级的变化是不规则的。

如：
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
bad/illworseworst
farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest
oldolder/elderoldest/oldest
littlelessleast
many/muchmoremost
latelater/latterlatest/last
6．副词adv
副词是用来修饰动词，形容词或其他副词的。

例如：He can''t walk fast.
1.副词比较级最高级的构成
1)单音节及少数双音节的词在词为加-er和-est 构成比较级和最高级。

如： hard- harder-hardest
fast-faster-fastest
2)大多数副词是在原形前面加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级，副词的最高级前可以加定冠词the,也可以不加。

如：quickly-more quickly-most quickly
carefully-more carefully-most carefully
3) 不规则的变化
well-better-best
badly-worse-worst
l ittle-less-least
7．动词v
动词有实意动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词几大类。

动词的四种基本形式：原形，过去式，过去分词，现在分词
8．介词prep
不能单独充当句子成分，介词短语可以充当多种成分。

9．连词conj
连接词、短语、从句或句子的词，有并列连词和从属连词之分。

10．感叹词inter
表达喜怒哀乐等感情的词。

第四部分：巩固练习
1．Word spelling
将下列汉语单词译成英语。

作为提示，每个词的词类和第一个字母以及用短线表示的其余字母数已给出。

1. 语言n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. 成年人n. a_ _ _ _
3. 声明，陈述n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. 保证v. g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. 成功n. s_ _ _ _ _ _
6. 建议n. a_ _ _ _ _
7. 研究n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8. 相似的a. s_ _ _ _ _ _
9. 独立的a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10. 解释v. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11. 线索n. c_ _ _
12. 结论n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13. 交流v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14. 信息n. i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15. 目的n. p_ _ _ _ _ _
16. 男服务员n. w_ _ _ _ _ _
17. 鹦鹉n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
18. 原始的a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19. 饭店n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20. 啤酒n. b_ _ _ _
II. Vocabulary and Structure
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

1. Even hundreds of hours of study and practice will not ________ success for every
adult language learner.
[A] practice
[B] offer
[C] guarantee
[D] communicate
2. They want to learn the language because the ______ the language and the people who speak it.
[A] are interested in
[B] are different from
[C] succeed in
[D] offer advice to
3. Most adults would disagree with the ________ that learning a language is easy.
[A] language
[B] guesser
[C] statement
[D] guarantee
4. Can a (n) ________ learn a language in the same way as a child does?
[A] student
[B] guesser
[C] teacher
[D] adult
5. Successful language learners are ________ learners.
[A] inexact
[B] independent
[C] incomplete
[D] interesting
6. ________, you need to discovery your own way to learn the language.
[A] of all
[B] First of all
[C] The first
[D] of all the first
7. Successful language learners do not ________ the book or the teacher.
[A] depend on
[B] play with
[C] live with
[D] look for
8. It is necessary for people to learn a language in order to ________ with the
people who speak it and to learn from them.
[A] disagree
[B] communicate
[C] practice
[D] say
9. If your language learning has been less than successful, you might try some of
the ________ that successful language learners commonly use.
[A] techniques
[B] purposes
[C] patterns
[D] clues
10. Successful language learners ________ make mistakes and try again.
[A] wait for a chance to
[B] are willing to
[C] are afraid to
[D] find it difficult to
答案：
I. 对照课本II. CACDB BABAB
最新文件仅供参考已改成word文本。

方便更改。