独立主格结构

独立主格结构

概念：由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与主句不发生句法上的联系。

构成：逻辑主语+逻辑谓语

特点：1. 用逗号与主句分开；

2. 逻辑主语与主句主语不同，单独存在。

位置：句前、句末或句中，位置相当灵活。

注意：独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词

句法功能：

1.作时间状语All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open. = After/ when all the officials had

arrived, the meeting was declared open.

2.作条件状语All the work done, you can have a rest. = All the work is done, and you can have a rest.

3.作原因状语The boy leading, we had no trouble finding the strange cave

4.作伴随状语或补充说明I took my ticket, and marched proudly up the platform, with my cheeses, the people

filling back respectfully on either side. (Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome)

5.作定语，其功能相对于一个定语从句Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.

基本结构：

1. 名词（代词）+现在分词

e.g.: There being no bus, we had to walk home.

（由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走路回家。）

2. 名词（代词）+过去分词

e.g.: City born and city bred, I have always regards the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the week.

3. 名词（代词）+不定式

e.g.: Many trees, flowers, and glass to be planted, out newly-built school will look even more beautiful.

（种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。）

4. 名词（代词）+形容词

e.g.: The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.

（特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里面悄悄爬了出来。）

5. 名词（代词）+副词

e.g.: The lights off, we could not go on with the work.

（灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。）

6. 名词（代词）+名词

e.g.: His first shot failure, he fired again.

（他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。）

7. 名词（代词）+介词短语

e.g.: He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.

（他的背脊朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。）

8. with, without 引导：with/ without + 宾语（名词/ 代词）+ 宾语补足语

e.g.:

He stood at the door, with a book in hand. / He stood at the door, book in hand.

（他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。）

Without a word more spoken, she left the classroom.

（她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。）

$$: 在with/ without复合结构中，多数情况下with可以省略，但without 不能省。

9. There be句型表存在

e.g.: There being nothing to do, we decided to stay at home.

翻译练习：

1. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行回学校。

2. 我收到很多礼物，其中很多是玩具。

3. 因为是周末，我们不要上课。

4. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

5. 他把自己的手机藏起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

句子转换

1、转换成状语从句

a. His homework done, he went to bed.

b. She not feeling well, we worried about her.

c. Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held the day after tomorrow.

2、转换成并列句

d. The young woman came into the cinema, a baby in her arms..

e. The boy stood there silently, his eyes fixed upon the black people.

3、转换成“with”的复合结构

f. Night falling, we hurried home.

g. The signal given, the train left the railway station.

h. The old scientist came to the meeting, his wife supporting him.

i. The spy sat on the ground, his hands tied behind his back.