answers to the exercise unit 1
新视野大学英语(第三版)视听说1网课答案
新视野大学英语（第三版）视听说1网课答案新视野大学英语（第三版）视听说1网课答案Sharing 1.2（1）busy（2）friends（3）university（4）social life1.3a-c-e-d-b-f1.4（1）danced（2）view of（3）fun（4）drink（5）west（6）delicious meal（7）house（8）TVListening 2.1（1）1962（2）4th（4）19962.2（1）teacher（2）cleaned houses （3）lost（4）visited（5）work（6）his wife（7）in his own wordsViewing2.1a-c-h-f-d-e-g-b2.2（1）home（2）country（3）relatives（4）foreigner（5）speak（6）passed on（7）heat（9）happinessRole-playing2.2（1）It was great（2）He's a football player （3）It was really beautiful 2.31 3 5 7 10 Presenting 1.1（1）a small town（2）1993（3）20XX（4）20XX（5）seven1.21 4 5 7 8 9 10Conversations一BABDD二DBCD三 DDBAPassage 2（1）programmes （2）very（3）decisions （4）doing laundry （5）Obviously （6）choices（7）ruining（8）get used to （9）opportunities （10）step back News report一BC二DCUnit testPart I CADDAPart II CDABC Part III CBABD Part IV（1）achievements（3）vast（4）professional （5）educated（6）was familiar （7）extensively （8）elegantly（9）a great deal （10）BesidesUnit 2Sharing 1.2（1）a month（2）Not very often （3）once or twice （4）a week（5）every month （6）everyfortnight 1.3 （1）romantic（2）great（3）recommend（4）action（6）real life （7）scenes（8 ）fantastic1.4c-d-a-bListening2.1C2.2（1）blonde（2）blue（3）dark（4）masculine2.32.4（1）tall（2）masculine face （3）black hair （4）dark brown（6）grey（7）slim（8）blonde hair（9）lovelyViewing2.12.2（1）garden（2）baby and wife（3）traditional values （4）likes（5）being togetherRole-playing2.1（1）feel like（2）What do you recommend （3）how about（4）What's it about（5）Who's in it（6）Do you think（7）Why don't we 2.2Presenting（1）a free concert （2）evening（3）City Park（4）boyfriend（5）a picnic（6）stage（7）lay（8）fantastic1.2BABABA Conversations一DBCAD二DCBC三 ABACPassage 2（1）comic（2）traffic（4）available（5）took part in （6）attracted（7）audience（8）free of charge （9）put forward （10）embraceNews report一AC二CDUnit testPart IDACBAPart IIACACDPart IIICAADDPart IV（1）too much（2）warning（4）back（5）drive people to suicide （6）pointed out（7）recent（8）commit（9）prevention（10）it's timeUnit 3Sharing1.2（1）living（2）much（3）interesting places（4）something（5）experience（6）feel about1.3a-d-b-g-h-f-e-c1.4（1）exciting（2）amazing concert（3）incredible（4）the theatre（5）the best place （6）different（7）compared to（8）play football（9）interesting things （10）the best thing （11）tickets（12）culture Listening 2.1a-d-h-e-b-g-c-f2.2（1）Australia（2）outback（3）go further（4）frightened（5）Don't move（6）the dogs（7）frighteningViewing2.12.2（1）biggest island （2）nervous（3）women（4）1500（5）money（6）overwhelmedRole-playing2.1（1）It's（2）there（3）leave a message （4）call（5）speak（6）moment（7）ring（8）number（9）this（10）picking upPresenting1.11.2Conversations一CCBDA二BCAD三 CABCPassage 2（1）mountainous（2）frightened（3）took place（4）vanish（5）occurred（6）massive（7）caught（8）keep us away from （9）grateful（10）in advanceNews report一CA二DCUnit testPart ICBAADPart IICADBAPart IIIABCDDPart IV（1）apply for（2）commitment（3）opportunity（4）restaurant（5）developed（6）working practices（7）attending（8）add（9）personal qualities （10）a positive addition Unit 4Sharing 1.21.3（1）fresh air（2）avoid holes （3）think about （4）dream（5）looking out （6）an accident1.4c-e-f-d-a-b1.5 c-a-b-d-f-eListening2.2（1）1962（2）1948（3）leave（4）public transport （5）in and drove （6）private（7）build（8）good condition（9）engineering problem（10）too heavy（11）strong（12）difficult to fly（13）traffic problemsViewing2.1AAABA2.22.3（1）airport managers（2）relax（3）pass the time（4）midnight（5）their flight（6）three hundred（7）319（8）500Role-playing2.1（1）tied up（2）customer（3）20（4）coffee（5）delayed（6）cow（7）stations2.2BABABB2.3Presenting2.1（1）a vegetarian meal （2）meat（3）his order（4）business class（5）cold（6）the person in charge 2.2 ABBBA ABA Conversations一CBDDA二CBDDPassage 2（1）Gradually（2）enabled（3）vehicles（4）dates back to （5）As a result （6）thoroughly （7）capacity（8）turn（9）automobiles （10）thanks toNews report一 D D二 D B CUnit testPart IBBDADPart IICDACPart IIIPart IV（1）motor（2）sufferer（3）range from（4）results from（5）relies on（6）confused（7）still（8）folk（9）avoid（10）wingUnit 5Sharing1.21.3 Answers：1 4 5 7 101.4（1）relaxing（2）fantastic（3）lovely（4）Amazing（5）thoroughly enjoyed （6）Lovely（7）fantastic Listening2.2（1）comfortable（2）Plane（3）faster（4）In a hotel（5）comfortable（6）In an apartment （7）expensive（8）sightseeing（9）sightseeing（10）interesting （11）In summer（12）better（13）hot weather （14）In spring（15）crowded（16）a restaurant（17）quieter（18）a restaurant（19）quieter（20）A monthViewing2.1c-a-f-d-e-b2.2（1）widest（2）cuts through（3）football（4）his career（5）famous（6）1800s（7）apparently（8）80（9）fantastic meat （10）vegetables（11）family and friends （12）wonderful moments Role-playing2.12 4 5 82.2（1）Could I have （2）can we have （3）that（4）French（5）I'd like（6）The same Conversations一ADACC二DCDC三 DBACPassage 2（1）celebrate（2）provide us with （3）sticking to （4）challenges（5）anticipating （6）portions（7）stuff（8）take hold of（9）effective（10）strategiesNews report一 B D二 A DUnit testPart ICCDAAPart IIBBBDPart IIIBCABDPart IV（1）hang（2）remains（3）symbol（4）performed（5）held on（6）represent（7）sweets（8）the holiday season（10）spread to Unit 6Sharing1.2（1）exercise（2）full-time（3）running1.31 51.4 Answers：c-e-f-a-d-g-b1.5（1）a sweet tooth （2）sweet（3）coffee（4）chocolate（5）Eating late （6）regularly（7）too much（8）fast food（10）cakeListening 2.1（1）eating problems （2）replace normal （3）food pills （4）taste different （5）its flavor （6）become common 2.22Viewing2.1CACDD2.2Role-playing2.2d-b-f-e-a-c2.3（1）tea and coffee （2）one small cup（3）painkillers（4）three times a day （5）Foot pain（6）worry about Presenting（1）feel relaxed（2）much exercise（3）sporting hero（4）walk a day1.21 2 4 6 Conversations一CBDBD二CBAA三 BDBAPassage 2（1）pressures（2）disappear（3）compromise（4）alcohol（5）intense（6）interferes with（7）undermine（8）pay attention to （9）suffers from （10）competitiveNews report一DD二CAUnit testPart IAACDBPart IIACBBAPart IIICCDDDPart IV（1）perfectly（2）sewing（3）distant（4）suffer from（5）at arm's length （6）cloudy（7）judging（8）slightly （9）background （10）eye viewsUnit 7 Sharing1.21.3Answers：b-f-a-d-e-c1.3（1）Snakes（2）the end （3）hate（4）scared of （5）afraid of （6）horses（7）frighten （8）scares（9）memories （10）sharks（11）unknown Listening 2.1 （1）three（2）water（3）animals（4）the weather.Viewing2.1CCAA2.2（1）beautiful （2）magical（3）lovely（4）fantastic （5）happy（6）astonishing Role-playing2.1BAA2.2e-a-c-b-d-f-g2.3BAAABBPresenting1.1（1）Fish River Canyon （2）amazingly quiet 1.212358Conversations一CABDD二DCDA三 CCACPassage 2（1）participated in （2）access to（3）tremendous（4）currently（5）incredible（6）accompany（7）remarkable（8）amazing（9）catching a glimpse of （10）looking forward to News report一BB二CAUnit testPart IDCBBDPart IIABDDPart IIICBADCPart IV（1）dial（2）keeper（3）smart（4）figure out（5）chemically（6）rank high on（7）intelligence（8）recognize（9）descriptive（10）make decisionsUnit 8Sharing1.2d-c-a-e-b-f1.3 BBABBA1.4Listening 2.1（1）food（2）rubber（3）1891（4）concentrate（5）the mobile phone（6）1973（7）countries（8）light（9）2001（10 5002.21 4 5 6 7Viewing 2.1（1）early 30s（2）6 billion（3）computer science students （4）tour guide（5）in the group（6）searching the Internet （7）2000（8）successful business（9）fastest growing（10）most profitable 2.2Role-playing2.1CBABC2.2Presenting（1）footballers（2）fire fighters（3）doctors（4）teachers1.2b-e-c-d-a-f Conversations一BDCBD二BCAD三 CDBDPassage 2（1）evidence（2）enhance（3）interviewed（4）rated（5）took into account （6）forecast（7）emerged（8）was related to （9）adapt themselves to （10）originalNews report一ACA二DCDUnit testPart ICDABCPart IICCBDAPart IIICBDACPart IV（1）accessible（2）opens a checking account （3）regularly（4）orders（5）exchange（6）bank account（7）return（8）interest（9）instead of（10）valuable。
新生代英语高级教程1(第二版)全书电子教案Unit-1
教案课程名称新生代英语高级教程1 （第二版）课时班级专业教师系部教研室教材《新生代英语高级教程1（第二版）》134567910补充教学资源Vocabulary Builder参考译文女: 打扰一下，您能告诉我林先生在哪吗？男: 林先生？他是这里的老师吗？女: 是的，他是。
男: 他长什么样？女: 他个头低，大约30岁，而且秃头。
男: 噢，是的。
我知道你在说谁了。
你可以在304房间找到他。
女: 304房间。
谢谢，我现在就过去。
男: 等下。
他现在没在。
下午一点以后他才过来上课。
女: 好的,那我一会再过来。
Show Time参考译文帕特尔先生：早上好，玛特奥。
玛特奥：早上好。
帕特尔先生：最近怎么样？玛特奥：挺好的。
帕特尔先生：你能帮我个忙吗？玛特奥：当然，有什么我可以帮忙的吗？帕特尔先生：我得出去一会。
在我出去的这段时间里，你可以帮我看着11店里吗？玛特奥：当然可以，没问题。
帕特尔先生：谢谢你，我一会就回来。
顾客1: 打扰下，我在给我的妻子挑选礼物。
请问女装区怎么走？玛特奥：就在那边。
顾客1: 谢谢。
玛特奥：需要我帮您找找吗？顾客2: 是的，我正在找一件衬衣。
不是给我自己，是给我的儿子。
玛特奥：您的儿子多大了？顾客2: 他12岁了。
玛特奥：那应该在男孩专区，就在那边。
顾客2: 好的，谢谢。
玛特奥：这……帕特尔先生：嗨，玛特奥！我回来了，一切都还好吧？玛特奥：都还好。
但是你看我发现了什么。
帕特尔先生：钱包？里面有驾照吗？玛特奥：没有，但是有一张信用卡。
上面写着蒂莫西•罗伯特。
帕特尔先生：这个人是谁呢？你能告诉我他长什么样子吗？玛特奥：可是刚才来了两位顾客，我不能确定是哪位丢了钱包。
帕特尔先生：好的，你可以描述下第一位顾客吗？他多大年纪了？玛特奥：三十多岁。
帕特尔先生：那他的长相呢？玛特奥：秃头，穿着红色衬衣，卡其色裤子。
而且他要给她的妻子找一些东西，所以我让他去了女装区。
12帕特尔先生：很好。
现在你可以向我描述下第二位顾客吗？玛特奥：四十多岁，金黄卷发，穿着蓝色衬衫，棕色裤子。
Answers to activities-Unit 3
Unit3Acts of KindnessPart I Narration(Objective Narratives)Activity1Practicing points of view☞Identify the point of view in the following passages and explain why it is suitable for the narrative.The first three passages are selected from Contemporary College English, Intensive Reading(Second Edition).1.The story is narrated from an objective third-person point of view.The narrator merelytells what he observes and does not examine the mental processes of anyone involved.2.The first-person point of view is used in this passage,in which the narrator is aparticipant in the action described.This point of view allows the narrator to freelyexpress his opinions and feelings about the student.3.The writer tells the story in the limited third-person point of view,in which an unknownnarrator describes what happened and reports the man’s thoughts and feelings.4.The second-person point of view.The writer is giving direct instructions to jobapplicants.☞Which point(s)of view do you think is(are)appropriate for each of the following topics?State your reason(s).1.Either the first-person or the third-person point of view is appropriate for a short story.2.Only the first-person point of view is appropriate for journal/diary entries.3.The first-person point of view,for this point of view allows writers to easily expresstheir joy and excitement on such an occasion.4.The objective third-person point of view.The primary task of the writer of historybooks is to faithfully present historical events.5.The second-person point of view,which allows the writer to tell the user how to use thematerial.6.The second-person point of view,which allows the writer to give instructions.7.The objective third-person point of view,because witnesses are supposed to report,faithfully and impartially,what they have seen without offering interpretation andcommentary,which this point of view does not allow.8.The first-person point of view,which allows the expression of attitudes and feelings,thus making the narrative personal and vivid.The third-person point of view is alsoappropriate.9.Both the first-person and the third-person points of view are possible.The incident canbe narrated by either a first-person narrator who is an observer or a participant,or athird-person narrator who enters the mental processes of one or more of the peopleinvolved.Both points of view allow interpretation and commentary.10.Both the first-person and the third-person points of view can be used for the samereasons as stated for the previous topic.Correct the shifts in the points of view in the following sentences and short passages.1.During the border crisis,both countries refused to change their aggressive attitudes./During the border crisis,neither country agreed to change its aggressive attitude.2.If a person finds a wallet containing money and an ID card,what do you think he/sheshould do?/If you find a wallet containing money and an ID card,what do you thinkyou should do?3.Every time I visit the Forbidden City in Beijing,I will discover new attractions./Everytime you visit the Forbidden City in Beijing,you will discover new attractions.4.When you go to Paris,you should visit the Louvre and Notre-Dame Cathedral./When aperson goes to Paris,he or she should visit the Louvre and Notre-Dame Cathedral.5.To keep in good shape,one must not only exercise but also watch his/her diet./To keepin good shape,we must not only exercise but also watch our diet.6.As you enter the garden,you will find an exquisite huge rock formation on your left./As one enters the garden,one will find an exquisite huge rock formation on one’s left.7.Professional writers report that one of the joys of their craft is the repeated opportunityto explore new fields.8.Creative thinking can expand our awareness and open the door to new points of view.Often it is capable of generating many points of view on an issue or many answers to aquestion before we begin thinking critically about them.9.Budgeting is really a type of planning.And,like other forms of planning,it createsfreedom.When you have a budget and stick to it,you can relax.You are confident.Youdon’t have to worry about whether you can pay your bills.Budgeting is easy because itis mechanical once you get started.The idea is to project how much money is coming inand how much is going out.10.When you write,you not only gather information;you also assess it.You sift throughthe data,play with it,and sort it out.You look for relationships among facts and chooseideas that are useful to you.Through writing,you turn data into insight.Activity2Readings on the topic(1)Night WatchQuestions to think about1.Because the marine knew the patient wanted to see his son and took the marine to be his son.He didn’t want to disappoint a dying man,so he stayed on and played the part of the son.2.He performed an act of kindness,a noble deed.3.The man must have felt happy and contented to be with“his son”in the last few hours of hislife.Otherwise,he would have left the world with deep regret.4.The objective point of view,for the narrator just reports what happened without sayinganything about the thoughts and feelings of anyone involved.5.It conveys the thesis of the narrative.6.The writer focuses on the primary scene—how the marine played the role of the dying man’sson.He did exactly what the old man expected from his son in the last hours of his life.This is far more powerful than dramatizing the marine’s thoughts and feelings.(2)The Man in the WaterQuestions to think about1.The first two paragraphs form the introduction of the essay.In this part,the writer,RogerRosenblatt,begins with a brief account of the air disaster and ends with the thesis statement of the essay in the last sentence of the second paragraph:“And on that same afternoon, human nature—groping and struggling—rose to the occasion.”2.In the next six paragraphs,Rosenblatt goes on to describe and analyze the deeds of fourheroes—what they did to rescue the survivors of the air crash struggling in the freezing cold river.3.Two of them were a police helicopter team who risked their own lives each time they lowereda rope and ring for a survivor.Another hero jumped into the water and dragged an injuredsurvivor to shore.The fourth hero himself,the man first known as“the man in the water”was one of the survivors.Each time a lifeline and flotation ring was dropped to him,he passed it to another survivor.When the helicopter came for him again,he had gone under.4.The writer wants to show that the man in the water was an ordinary person,doing exactly thethings people usually do on a flight.In the water,he knew what would happen to him if he continued to pass the rope and ring to others,but he was willing to do so.Rosenblatt wants to say that every human being is capable of doing what he or she has never thought himself/herself able to do when circumstances require them to challenge death.5.Rosenblatt argues that in this struggle between man and nature,the man in the waterchallenged death,and his act of kindness prevented nature from taking the lives of the other five survivors,thus convincingly demonstrating the strength of human nature.In the last paragraph,he reiterates his thesis in a more emphatic way and points out that in the struggle between man and nature,the man in the water represents human nature at its best. 6.Yes,this point of view allows him to imagine the man’s behavior on his flight and histhoughts and feelings when he was struggling in the water to live and when he passed the rope and ring to other survivors.Also,using this point of view,he could reflect on the fight between man and nature,the implications of the selflessness of the man in the water,and the power of human nature.(3)All in a Day’s WorkQuestions to think about1.The first two paragraphs form the introduction.The first paragraph is a detailed descriptionof the patient—a rather disgustingly dirty man nobody wants to have to treat.In the second paragraph,the nurses’unspoken message was communicated to the head nurse:that they all hoped that she would not put them in charge of this patient.These paragraphs provide the background against which the head nurse performed the unusual act of kindness.2.He was very dirty and unhealthily fat,definitely a person that people would try to avoid.3.To do what others would not think of doing,what is regarded as impossible,and take chargeof those that others would not like to deal with.This quality enhances the human spirit.4.She took charge of this patient when no other nurse wanted to.What’s more,she tenderlybathed him,rubbed his back and put lotion and powder on his skin.She hummed and talked to the man to ease his fear and embarrassment.This shows that she did everything for the man not only because it was her job as a nurse,but more importantly,out of love and compassion for a fellow human being.5.The third-person point of view.It enables the narrator to reveal the thoughts and feelings ofthe head nurse and those of her colleagues.Activity3Readings written by your peersQuestions to think about1.The first follows a two-paragraph pattern:The first paragraph provides backgroundinformation and describes the noble deed,and the second states the thesis.The second essay uses a three-paragraph pattern:The first supplies background information,the second describes the noble deed,and the third conveys the thesis.2.The first adopts the objective third-person point of view without presenting anybody’sthoughts and feelings;the second uses the limited third-person point of view describing one person’s thoughts and feelings.3.Yes.The point of the first narrative is that to protect people’s property,a police officermust crack down on criminal acts;the point of the second is that a person should not take what does not belong to him/her.4.Answers vary.5.Answers vary.Part II Effective Sentences(Emphasis)Activity4Practicing making sentences emphaticUnderline the part(s)of each sentence or set of sentences creating emphasis and analyze how emphasis is achieved.1.Certainly my own life,my husband’s life and my children’s lives are diminished by theirabsence.(repetition of key words)2.Inside the carton was a push-button unit fastened to a small wooden box.(inversion)3.You’ll probably understand better when you are a mother yourself.(reflexive pronoun)4.We have here no vast mountain ranges,no boundless plains,no miles of forest,and aredeprived of the grandeur that may accompany these things.(repetition of key words)5.This is where I got my first kiss,smoked my first cigarette,and buried my first pet.(repetition of key words)6.With variety goes surprise.(inversion)7.But before you have reached them you have already been surprised by a bit ofmarshland…(main idea in the end position)8.The stupid neither forgive nor forget;the naive forgive and forget;the wise forgive butdo not forget.(repetition of key words)9.The trees and hedges,the grass and wild flowers in the foreground,all suggest thatNature has not been forced into obedience.(main idea at the beginning)10.Vingo sat there stunned,looking at the oak tree.It was covered with yellowhandkerchiefs,twenty of them,thirty of them,fifty of them,maybe hundreds,a tree thatstood like a banner of welcome blowing and billowing in the wind,turned into agorgeous yellow blur by the passing bus.(repetition of key words)☞Read the following paragraphs and underline places where sentences have been made emphatic.1.But the cell phone has changed our sense of place more than faxes and computers ande-mail because of its ability to intrude into every moment in every possible place.Whenyou walk along the street and talk on a cell phone,you are not on the street sharing thecommunal experience of urban life.You are in some other place—some place at theother end of your phone conversation.You are there,but you are not there.It reminds meof the title of Lillian Ross’s memoir of her life with William Shawn,Here but Not Here.Now that is increasingly true of almost every person on almost every street in almostevery city.You are either on the phone or carrying one,and the moment it rings you willbe transported out of real space into a virtual realm.(repetition)2.The Internet can make you smarter,but it can’t make you smart.It can extend your reach,but it will never tell you what to say at a P.T.A.meeting.These fundamentals cannot bedownloaded.You can only upload them,the old-fashioned way,one by one in places likeRoom13at St.Louis Park High.I only regret that I didn’t write this column when thewoman who taught me all that was still alive.(passive voice emphasizing action)3.I grew up in a small suburb of Minneapolis,and Hattie was the legendary journalismteacher at St.Louis Park High School,Room313.I took her intro to journalism course in10th grade,back in1969,and have never needed,or taken another course in journalismsince.She was that good.(occasional short sentence)☞Use the method indicated in brackets to make each of the following sentences emphatic.You may have to delete or add words.ughing relaxes and energizes the whole body.2.He likes reading so much that the sight of a single book makes him smile.3.It is completely safe and should be practiced as much and as often as possible.4.I will always remember their efforts.5.The manager favors a reduction in prices.6.Beyond our vegetable garden is situated a combination blacksmith and carpenter shop.7.The book is dedicated to all those who have made its publication possible.8.While still at college,he discovered his calling:to diagnose infectious diseases,to findways of curing people with infectious diseases,and to bring the lifesaving knowledge ofmodern medicine to the disadvantaged.9.When built,the palace and its grounds were more extensive than the city itself.10.After setting up the table,slicing the vegetables,preparing the salad,and putting thesteak into the oven,I was ready to have a rest before my guest arrived.Then the phonerang.Activity5Readings on the topic(1)Leading the ChargeQuestions to think about1.It provides background information about the heroic deed the captain performed.2.When other fire trucks were waiting a block away,he drove his truck through the intense heat,reached the burning refinery and began to fight the fire.He performed this act of bravery unintentionally.The brakes on his truck were not working properly,so he didn’t manage to join the other trucks a block away but stopped right in front of the burning refinery instead. 3.He asked jokingly for a new set of brakes.His remark showed that he didn’t want to pretendthat he performed the act of bravery intentionally.4.He was an honest person.He didn’t want to pretend to be a hero and take advantage of themayor’s offer to reward him.He deserves our respect.5.The objective point of view.The narrator only reports what happened and does not describeanyone’s thoughts and feelings.6.In the first paragraph,Wickett chiefly uses the subject and verb to express the important ideas,e.g.the first two sentences.In the first sentence of the second paragraph,he uses subject-verbinversion to emphasize the most important idea“a fire truck racing down the street,”which occupies the end position in the sentence.(2)Heroes:Rescue in the WaterQuestions to think about1.I think the narrator,Jason Kersten,did not witness the rescue.He probably interviewed thefisherman and th e thr ee college students shortly after the event.The report seems to be based on what he heard from the four people involved.He adopts a limited third-person point of view2.The first four paragraphs form the introduction,which provides detailed information aboutthe fisherman,and about the setting of the event.3.He primarily has the narrator recount the events.He also frequently quotes the words ofMcClure or those of the girls.4.The author chiefly uses the subjects and main verbs to state the key actors(subjects)andactions.In the first sentence of the last paragraph,however,he uses the emphatic it to place emphasis on“when they met McClure several evenings later”.5.They are not only ready to help and brave,they are also smart enough to know that theywould be able to save the drowning man only by their combined efforts.They are capable of sizing up the situation and realizing that any one of them wouldn’t be able to do the job alone.6.The three college students’efforts to save the67-year-old drowning angler are wellworthwhile not only for the rescued and his family,but for themselves,because they feel a strong sense of pride for what they have done.The point the writer makes is implied in the words of one of the girls in the last paragraph.Activity6Readings written by your peersQuestions to think about1.They both use the objective third-person point of view.2.The two writers both chiefly use the subjects and verbs of sentences to state main actors andactions.。
写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案
写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.Word Denotation Connotation Sentencegold a precious yellow metal wealth, value,preciousness, etcSilence is gold.moon the natural body that moves around the earthonce every 28 days tranquility, purity,something out ofreach, etc.There’s no pointhoping for peace inthe country. It’s likeasking for the moon.ice water frozen so that it has become solid coldness,indifference, cruelty,death, etc.The ice in his voicewas only to hide thepain.blood red liquid flowing through the bodies ofhumans and animals family background,descent, race,temperament, etc.Blood is thicker thanwater.bravery, spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty anddelicacy.AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.Favorable Neutral Unfavorableunique, quaint strange bizarre, abnormal resolute, steadfast stubborn, dogged pigheadedcompliment (v.) praise, commend, flatter lick one’s bootssenior citizen old person fossilbachelor girl single woman spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, andlie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of theroom?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, theverb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctionsdo not affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, asmuch as, rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take asingular or plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases like l ots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs dependingon the form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, theverb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaignpledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on thenumber of the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular. Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up themeeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebody generally require a singular verb.2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought ofas a unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generallytake a singular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, and whereabouts.Notes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and theyare quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication toa single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday,you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and acomplimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show. PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISESa. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditoriumfor the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。
高中英语必修一的课后答案1ppt课件
1
unit1
USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
Answer key for exercise1: 1 You will know the result when you add up all the numbers. 2 We tired to calm him down but he kept shouting excitedly. 3 After a long stay in hospital, Mary recovered. 4 Since Li Ming settled here ,he has got along well with his neighbors. 5 If you don’t want to stay with me, you can pack and go. 6 During the war ,I suffered a lot, I wrote my diary to set down my experiences
she and her father ,the two “helpers "of the family .started at once.
• Anne said (that) they unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied the whole day , until they were extremely tired . She said they did sleep in clean beds that night. She said they hadn’t had any warm food to eat all day, but they didn’t and worried to eat, and her mother and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and she and her father were too busy.
2019年年人教版高中英语必修一课件：Unit1 Workbook (共38张PPT)精品物理
Answer keys to exercise 2 on page 42
get tired of got along with got into got back get off got back got used to get into
Using structures
Answer keys to exercise 1 on page 42
3. What misunderstandings do you think might occur between Chinese people and foreigners?
Using words and Expressions
Answer keys to the exercise 1 on page 41
1. Everyone needs a friend. Anne needs a good friend.
2. They talk together happily and they are not doing anything wrong.
3. They are always with the family, so her father can watch over her.
如果你不想和我在一起，你就收拾东西走人. (pack up)
If you don’t want to stay with me, you can pack up and go.
战争期间，我受了很多苦. 我用日记记下自己的经历， 以便老了以后能够记住. (suffer; set down) During the war, I suffered a lot. I wrote my diary to set down my experiences so I would remember them when I was old.
reference answers to exercises in Student handout lesson 1
Lesson 1Student HandoutReference Answers to ExercisesExercise 1: Which of the two italicized expressions do you think is more appropriate in academic writing?1.The government has made considerable/great progress in solving the problem.2.We got/obtained excellent results in the experiment.3. A loss of jobs is one of the consequences/things that will happen if the process isautomated.4.The results of lots of/numerous tests have been pretty good/encouraging.5.The relationship between the management and workers is extremely/reallyimportant.6.Some suggestions springing up from/arising from the study will be presented.7.Crash test dummies are really important for/an integral part of automotive crashtests.8.According to a recent study just about/nearly25% of all cell phone users view textmessaging as an important source of entertainment.Exercise 2: Underline the phrasal verbs in the sentences and replace them with ainvestigateing__2.This issue was brought up during the seminar. _________raised_________3.It is assumed that the management knows what is happening and will thereforestep in if there is a problem. _______intervene_______4.Schools cannot altogether get rid of the problem of truancy. ___eliminate_____5.The number of staff has been cut down recently. _______reduced________6.It was very difficult to find out exactly what happened._____determine____________7.House prices have a tendency to go up and down. __________fluctuate_______8. A potential solution was put forward two years ago._______proposed__________Exercise 3: Replace the following phrasal verbs with a more formal single word.1. The locals could not put up with the visitors from the city.________tolerate_______2. The decline was brought about by cheap imports. ________caused_______3. The university is thinking about recruiting more students._______considering_______4. Sales are likely to drop off in the third quarter. ______decline_____5. The meeting was put off until December. ________postponed______6. Given our fast-paced society, people must routinely put creative solutions to unexpectedproblems into practice. ____________implement________7. Some people have cut down on their consumption of beef. _______reduced______8. The cinema was pulled down ten years ago. __________demolished___________ Exercise 4: Use a more formal word or phrase to replace the italicized word. 1.The reaction of the officials was sort of negative. _____rather/quite/to anextent____2.The economic outlook is nice. _____optimistic/promising________3.The new method we have adopted seemsgood.____satisfactory/effective/efficient___4.She was given the sack because of her poor record. __be fired/dismissed/laidoff___5.The competition we are facing has gotten more intense. ______intensified____6.Many urban areas do not have enough land to build new public schools.___lack___7.Allergic reactions to local dental anesthesia do not happen very often. ____rarelyoccur/happen__8.The doors on these ferries were made bigger to make it easier to load vehicles._enlarged; to facilitate loading_________Exercise 5: Let’s suppose you want to follow the considerations we have talked about. What problems may the following sentences have? How would you revise them?1.You can use this model to optimize the water supply.second personThis model can be used to optimize the water supply. / The water supply can be optimized using this model.2.So, why did the bridge collapse? There’re a lot of reasons.informal; contractionThe bridge collapsed for many reasons. / Many reasons account for the bridge collapse.3.In addition to herbs, animal products are employed in some forms of traditionalmedicine frequently.Mid-place of the adverb: frequentlySome forms of traditional medicine frequently employ both herbs and animal products. / In addition to herbs, animal products are frequently employed4.So far there hasn’t been much research on how conflict influences the level oftrust and respect in a group.informal; contraction; negative formTo date, no comprehensive study has examined how conflict influences trust and respect in a group. / To date, little research has examined how conflict influences trust and respect in a group5.There are several studies in epidemiology that have shown that when peopleconsume alcohol in moderate amounts they have a lower risk of developing heart disease in comparison to those people who drink a lot of alcohol.wordySome studies in epidemiology have concluded that moderate alcohol consumption results in a lower risk of heart disease. / Some studies in epidemiology have shown that moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of heart disease.。
冀教版英语九年级全一册 Unit 3 Safety Lesson 13 教案
Unit 3 SafetyLesson 13 Be Careful，Danny!知识目标单词careful，safety，hang，ceiling，serious，ambulance，necessary词组over the desk,tall enough,on the floor,see sb. doing sth,not necessary,I don’t think,句型I’m going to hang it from the ceiling over t he desk. I think I’m tall enough. He seesDanny lying on the floor. My tail hurts alittle，but it’s not serious. No，that’s nonecessary.I don’t think my arm is broken.技能目标能听懂本课时的听力材料，能说出本课时的重要句型，能运用句式用英语谈论学习方法掌握本课的词汇和短语。
短语和句式的实际运用。
Step 1：Warming up多媒体展示“事故”的图片。
T：Hello，boys and girls. Nice to see you again! Today we will learn Lesson 13.Please look at the pictures. What happened?Ss：There is an accident.T：Yes，you are right. Have you ever had an accident?Ss：Yes...(各抒己见，必要时可用汉语说。
)T：OK. Look a t Lesson 13.Let’s see what happened to Danny and Brian. Ready？Go! 设计意图：通过图片直接导入与本文有关的话题，帮助学生尽快融入情景当中，为下面文章的阅读和理解奠定基础。
高中英语必修一：Unit1 Workbook
Anne said they unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied the whole day, until they were extremely tired.
She said they did sleep in clean beds that night.
Do you know any place in the world where Chinese and Westerner cultures live side by side?
Hong kong
Singapore
Vancouver
Macao
Pre-reading-I (2m)
Can you imagine what the life will be in such a place?
4. It is normal for a girl like Anne to want to have a boyfriend.
Brainstorming
Discuyou always do what your parents tell you? 2. If your parents misunderstand your friendship
She said Margot had come faster on her bicycle and was already waiting for them.
She said all the rooms were full of boxes and they lay on the floor and the beds.
Listening task
1 Anne made a friend in the hiding place. He was the son of another family hiding with them. Listen to the story and tick the pair who are disagreeing about the friendship.
新生代英语基础教程1Unit1-电子教案
教案课程名称新生代英语基础教程1 课时班级专业教师系部教研室教材《新生代英语基础教程1》补充教学资源VOCABULARY BUILDERSHOW TIME➢语言解析1. She’s married to Mr. Smith. 她和史密斯先生结婚了。
be married to sb. 与某人结婚e.g. She has been married to her husband for 10 years.她和她丈夫结婚10年了。
2. I look forward to being your instructor this semester.我期待着这个学期成为你们的老师。
look forward to doing sth. 表示“期待做某事”，to 是介词，后面接动词的-ing形式。
e.g. I look forward to seeing you again.我盼望再次见到你。
The little girl is looking forward to visiting the zoo.小女孩盼望着去参观动物园。
3. Mateo, at your service. 玛特奥，很愿意为您效劳。
at your service 愿意为您效劳e.g. If you need any help, I'll be at your service.如果你需要帮助，我愿意为您效劳We are very glad to be at your service.我们很高兴为您效劳。
READING➢语言解析1. Last Monday, I was in a hurry. 上星期一，我很着急。
in a hurry 匆忙e.g. He put on his clothes in a hurry.他急急忙忙地穿上了衣服。
I'm in a hurry, so come to the point.我赶时间，直截了当说出来吧。
unit 12研究生英语读与写(第三版)-
Background information to Text A
Introduction to the topic 1) Introduction to the author
Philip J. Lazarus: Dr. Lazarus has been interviewed by many news sources and has appeared on numerous radio talk shows dealing with such topics as depression in children, anxiety in children and adolescents, responding to natural disasters, coping with trauma following school shootings, school violence and so on.
In this sentence, “normalcy” means normal life.
Background information to Text A
Introduction to the topic
2) Related background information During this period, children, particularly
younger children, will look to caregivers for love and support. Additionally it is important that parents and teachers provide information, comfort and reassurances. This passage will give us some principles for coping with such challenges. And it is adapted from Lazarus, P. J., & Jimerson, S. R., Brock, S. E. (2002). Natural Disasters. In S. E. Brock, P. J. Lazarus, & S. R. Jimerson (Eds.), Best Practices in School Crisis Prevention and Intervention.
综合教程第一册 Unit 1
综合教程第一册Unit 1 (10 periods)Part One Listening and Speaking(2 periods) Ⅰ. Teaching Objectives:After studying this unit, students are expected to:1.grasp the basic skills necessary to introduce themselves;2.grasp the basic skills necessary to understand and talk to other people when meeting them for the first time;3.Be able to catch the basic information in the listening material.Ⅱ. Teaching Difficulties and Importance1.let students introduce themselves to each other and further start a conversation.Ⅲ. Teaching Methods:Let students listen and talkⅣ. Teaching Procedures:1st period: Introducing Y ourself1.listen to the first half of the short talk in Exercise 1 twice and fill in the missing words;2.listen to the second half of the short talk in Exercise 1 twice and fill in the missing words;3.listen to the whole short talk and do Exercise 2.4.check the answers by asking students one by one;5. listen to the whole short talk again and make sure this time most of the students can catch the main information.2nd period: Get to Know People1.go through the new words in the 1st conversation in Exercise 3 and listen to the conversation twice while filling in the missing words;2.answer the questions about the conversation by way of group discussion or the traditional teacher-student interaction;3.go through the second conversation with the same steps;4.do Exercise 4 in pairs or groups.Homework: Listening Practice1.have students do Exercises 5-9 after class;2.prepare Exercise 10 and give an oral presentation in class when the teacher and the students next meet.Part T wo T ext A College—A Transition Point in My Life(6 periods)1-2 periodsI. Teaching Aims:leading in Text A and learn para.1 and para. 2.II. Teaching Key Points:1.Oral English: make the students be free to talk about what they are excited and worried about as a freshman.2.Teach new phrases, sentence patternsIII. Main Teaching Method:individual, pair or group work to make everyone be active in class.IV. Teaching Procedures:1.Leading in (lets the students list the things that they were excited and worried about when they first got to college. This can be done in compete English sentences or just phrases. If the students have difficulty doing this, the teacher should provide them with key words in English.)2.Give the students 5minutes to read Text A then answer the questions in Exercise 2(P14).3.The teacher discusses the whole text with the students. Then learn para.1 and para2 detailed. Do Exercise 7.V. Teaching Materials:1.For things students may be excited about: beautiful campus, good library, teachers and classrooms, the computer rooms, the environment, new way of life, etc.For things students may be worried about: being away from home, the food, competition with other students, difficulties in study, washing clothes, taking a bath or shower, new teachers, etc.2.Answers to Exercise 2 (Reference book P18-P26)nguage points:Para1enter: vt. go or come into 进入The train has entered the railway station.do well: be successful, especially in work or business 干得好Tom did well at school when he was young.being off: 离开I must be off now.by oneself: 单独，独自Y ou can't go home by yourself in the dark.surround: vt. be or move into position all around (sb. or sth.)包围，围住As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.make friends with: become friendly with sb. 与某人交朋友He made friends with an old worker.compete: vi. try to win sth. By defeating others who are trying to do the same 竞争，对抗It's difficult for a small country to compete against big countries.smart: clever 聪明的keep up with: move or progress at the same rate as 跟上Jack's having trouble keeping up with the other students in his class.be up to: be left to sb. to decide 取决于某人It's up to our group leader to make the final decision.set: cause to exist 树立，制定Parents should set a good example for their children.succeed: vt. do what one is trying to do; achieve the desired end 成功；达到目的If you try hard, you will succeed.regulate: vt. control (time, speed, etc.) so that it functions as desired. 调整，调节regulate one's life/ the temperature of a roomI had to decide when to go to bed, when…………本课文使用较多起连接作用的副词和代词。
英语1(中山大学出版社) Unit 1 -Unit 4 部分参考答案
Unit 1 Introduction Text AKey to the ExercisesReading ComprehensionI. read text A and answer the following questions.1. Fair hair and blue eyes.2. Mouth, nose, expression, and much of her character.3. Because her home is very important to her.4. Making models, decorations and candles.5. Because she finds homework is boring.II．Choose the best answers according to Text A.1-5 DCADDV ocabulary ExercisesI. Fill in the blanks with correct form of the words and phrases given below.1. temper2. make friends3.On the whole4.as well as5.keen6.behaves7.tidy8.argument9.boring 10.violent II．Choose the correct form in the bracket to complete each sentence.1.bored2. bad-tempered3.final4.behavior5.argue6.decorate7.violently8.abroadIII. Use the words or expressions you have learned in the text to replace the following words in italics.1.On the whole2.an argument3.are behaving4.boring5.make friends6. keen on7.tidy8.violentStructure ExercisesI. Now make similar sentences with the words and expressions given below.1. Most people would rather stay home.2. I would rather not talk about it.3. She would rather walk home after work.4. I would rather go to the beach this weekend.II．Now join the following pairs of sentences by using “because”.1. She’s studying because she has a test tomorrow.2. John didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill.3. We did n’t enjoy the day because the weather was so bad.4. I decided to go with them because I had nothing else to do.5. She’s in a bad mood because her father doesn’t allow her to see her boyfriend tonight.Translation Exercise1.The street looks like a garden.2.Her daughter wants to study abroad for a year.3.the store sells newspapers, magazines as well as picture books.4.I would rather spend the weekend in the countryside.5.Our manager is away on holiday this week.Text BKey to the ExercisesReading ComprehensionChoose the best answer according to Text B1.C2.C3.D4.A5.AV ocabulary ExercisesI. Fill in the blanks with correct form of the words and phrases given below.1. Maybe2. pleasure3. would like4. have got to5.yet6. associates7.settled8.represent9.pleased 10.introduce.IV. choose the most suitable answer for each of the following sentences.1-5 ADABC 6-10 DADBCTranslation Exercise1.我觉得他想现在回家。
Answers to exercise 2-modified
2-34 (25–30 min.) Income statement and schedule of cost of goods manufactured.Howell CorporationIncome Statement for the Year Ended December 31, 2011(in millions)Revenues $950 Cost of goods soldBeginning finished goods, Jan. 1, 2011 $ 70Cost of goods manufactured (below) 645Cost of goods available for sale 715660 Ending finished goods, Dec. 31, 2011 55 Gross margin 290 Marketing, distribution, and customer-service costs 240 Operating income $ 50Howell CorporationSchedule of Cost of Goods Manufacturedfor the Year Ended December 31, 2011(in millions)Direct materials costsBeginning inventory, Jan. 1, 2011 $ 15Purchases of direct materials 325Cost of direct materials available for use 340Ending inventory, Dec. 31, 2011 20used $320 DirectmaterialsDirect manufacturing labor costs 100 Indirect manufacturing costslabor 60manufacturingIndirectused 10Plantsuppliesutilities 30PlantDepreciation––plant and equipment 80salaries 5Plantsupervisory220 Miscellaneous plant overhead 35 Manufacturing costs incurred during 2011 640Add beginning work-in-process inventory, Jan. 1, 2011 10 Total manufacturing costs to account for 650 Deduct ending work-in-process, Dec. 31, 2011 5Cost of goods manufactured $6452-35 (15–20 min.) Interpretation of statements (continuation of 2-32).1. The schedule in 2-34 can become a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured and Sold simply by including the beginning and ending finished goods inventory figures in the supporting schedule, rather than directly in the body of the income statement. Note that the term cost of goods manufactured refers to the cost of goods brought to completion (finished) during the accounting period, whether they were started before or during the current accounting period. Some of the manufacturing costs incurred are held back as costs of the ending work in process; similarly, the costs of the beginning work in process inventory become a part of the cost of goods manufactured for 2011.2. The sales manager’s salary would be charged as a marketing cost as incurred by both manufacturing and merchandising companies. It is basically an operating cost that appears below the gross margin line on an income statement. In contrast, an assembler’s wages would be assigned to the products worked on. Thus, the wages cost would be charged to Work-in-Process and would not be expensed until the product is transferred through Finished Goods Inventory to Cost of Goods Sold as the product is sold.3. The direct-indirect distinction can be resolved only with respect to a particular cost object. For example, in defense contracting, the cost object may be defined as a contract. Then, a plant supervisor working only on that contract will have his or her salary charged directly and wholly to that single contract.4. Direct materials used = $320,000,000 ÷ 1,000,000 units = $320 per unitDepreciation on plant equipment = $80,000,000 ÷ 1,000,000 units = $80 per unit5. Direct materials unit cost would be unchanged at $320 per unit. Depreciation cost per unit would be $80,000,000 ÷ 1,200,000 = $66.67 per unit. Total direct materials costs would rise by 20% to $384,000,000 ($320 per unit × 1,200,000 units), whereas total depreciation would be unaffected at $80,000,000.6. Unit costs are averages, and they must be interpreted with caution. The $320 direct materials unit cost is valid for predicting total costs because direct materials is a variable cost; total direct materials costs indeed change as output levels change. However, fixed costs like depreciation must be interpreted quite differently from variable costs. A common error in cost analysis is to regard all unit costs as one—as if all the total costs to which they are related are variable costs. Changes in output levels (the denominator) will affect total variable costs, but not total fixed costs. Graphs of the two costs may clarify this point; it is safer to think in terms of total costs rather than in terms of unit costs.2.b. Customers needed to earn net income of $107,100:Total revenues÷ Sales check per customer $1,020,000 ÷ $8.50 = 120,000 customers3. Using the shortcut approach:Change in net income = ()Change in Unit number of contribution 1Tax rate customers margin ⎛⎞⎛⎞⎜⎟⎜⎟××−⎜⎟⎜⎟⎝⎠⎝⎠= (170,000 – 120,000) × $5.10 × (1 – 0.30)= $255,000 × 0.7 = $178,500New net income = $178,500 + $107,100 = $285,600Alternatively, with 170,000 customers,Operating income = Number of customers × Selling price per customer– Number of customers × Variable cost per customer – Fixed costs= 170,000× $8.50 – 170,000 × $3.40 – $459,000 = $408,000 Net income = Operating income× (1 – Tax rate) = $408,000 × 0.70 = $285,600The alternative approach is:Revenues, 170,000 × $8.50 $1,445,000Variable costs at 40% 578,000Contribution margin 867,000Fixed costs 459,000Operating income 408,000Income tax at 30% 122,400Net income $ 285,6003-23 (30 min.) CVP analysis, sensitivity analysis.1. SP = $30.00 × (1 – 0.30 margin to bookstore)= $30.00 × 0.70 = $21.00VCU = $ 4.00 variable production and marketing cost3.15 variable author royalty cost (0.15 × $21.00)$ 7.15CMU = $21.00 – $7.15 = $13.85 per copyFC = $ 500,000 fixed production and marketing cost3,000,000 up-front payment to Washington$3,500,0003-31 (20 min.) Contribution margin, gross margin and margin of safety.1.Mirabella CosmeticsOperating Income Statement, June 2011Units sold 10,000Revenues $100,000 Variable costsVariable manufacturing costs $ 55,000Variable marketing costs 5,000Total variable costs 60,000Contribution margin 40,000Fixed costsFixed manufacturing costs $ 20,000Fixed marketing & administration costs 10,000Total fixed costs 30,000Operating income $ 10,0002. Contribution margin per unit = $40,000$4 per unit 10,000 units= Breakeven quantity = Fixed costs $30,0007,500 units Contribution margin per unit $4 per unit== Selling price = Revenues $100,000$10 per unit Units sold 10,000 units== Breakeven revenues = 7,500 units × $10 per unit = $75,000Alternatively,Contribution margin percentage = Contribution margin $40,00040%Revenues $100,000== Breakeven revenues = Fixed costs $30,000$75,000Contribution margin percentage 0.40==3. Margin of safety (in units) = Units sold – Breakeven quantity= 10,000 units – 7,500 units = 2,500 units4. Units sold 8,000Revenues (Units sold × Selling price = 8,000 × $10)$80,000 Contribution margin (Revenues ×CM percentage = $80,000 ×40%)$32,000 Fixed costs 30,000Operating income 2,000Taxes (30% × $2,000) 600 Net income $ 1,4007-30 (30 min.) Flexible budget, direct materials and direct manufacturing laborvariances.1. Variance Analysis for Tuscany Statuary for 2011Actual Results (1) Flexible Budget Variances (2) = (1) – (3) Flexible Budget (3) SalesVolume Variances (4) = (3) – (5) StaticBudget (5) Units sold 5,500a 0 5,500 500 U 6,000aDirect materials $ 668,800 $ 8,800 U $ 660,000 b $ 60,000 F $ 720,000cDirect manufacturing labor 952,750a 9,750 F 962,500d 87,500 F 1,050,000eFixed costs 1,180,000a 20,000 F 1,200,000a 0 1,200,000aTotal costs $2,801,550 $20,950 F $2,822,500 $147,500 F $2,970,000a Givenb$120/unit × 5,500 units = $660,000 c $120/unit × 6,000 units = $720,000 d $175/unit × 5,500 units = $962,500 e $175/unit × 6,000 units = $1,050,0002.Actual Incurred(Actual InputQuantity × Actual Price) Actual Input Quantity × Budgeted Price Flexible Budget(Budgeted Input Quantity Allowed for Actual Output ×Budgeted Price) Direct materials a b cDirect manufacturing labor $952,750d$925,000e $962,500f a 70,400 pounds × $9.5/pound = $668,800 b 70,400 pounds × $10/pound = $704,000 c 5,500 statues × 12 pounds/statue × $10/pound = 66,000 pounds × $10/pound = $660,000 d 18,500 hours × $51.50/hour = $952,750 e 18,500 hours × $50/hour = $925,000 f 5,500 statues × 3.5 hours/statue × $50/hour = 19,250 hours × $50/hour = $962,5007-34(35 min.) Material cost variances, use of variances for performance evaluation1.Materials VariancesActual Costs Incurred(Actual InputQuantity× Actual Price) Actual Input Quantity× Budgeted PriceFlexible Budget(Budgeted Input QuantityAllowed for Actual Output× Budgeted Price)Direct Materials (8,400 × $19a)$159,600Purchases Usage(8,400 × $22) (7,900 × $22)$184,800 $173,800(800 × 8 × $22)(6,400 × $22)$140,800a $159,600 ÷8,400 = $192.The favorable price variance is due to the $3 difference ($22 – $19) between the standardprice based on the previous suppliers and the actual price paid through the on-linemarketplace. The unfavorable efficiency variance could be due to several factorsincluding inexperienced workers and machine malfunctions. But the likely cause here isthat the lower-priced titanium was lower quality or less refined, which led to more waste.The labor efficiency variance could be affected if the lower quality titanium caused theworkers to use more time.3.Switching suppliers was not a good idea. The $25,200 savings in the cost of titanium wasoutweighed by the $33,000 extra material usage. In addition, the $33,000U efficiencyvariance does not recognize the total impact of the lower quality titanium because, of the 8,400 pounds purchased, only 7,900 pounds were used. If the quantity of materials usedin production is relatively the same, Better Bikes could expect the remaining 500 lbs toproduce approximately 50 more units. At standard, 50 more units should take 50 × 8 =400 lbs. There could be an additional unfavorable efficiency variance of(500× $22) (50 × 8 × $22)$11,000 $8,8004.The purchasing manager’s performance evaluation should not be based solely on theprice variance. The short-run reduction in purchase costs was more than offset by higher usage rates. His evaluation should be based on the total costs of the company as a whole.In addition, the production manager’s performance evaluation should not be based solely on the efficiency variances. In this case, the production manager was not responsible for the purchase of the lower-quality titanium, which led to the unfavorable efficiency scores.In general, it is important for Stanley to understand that not all favorable material pricevariances are “good news,” because of the negative effects that can arise in the production process from the purchase of inferior inputs. They can lead to unfavorable efficiency variances for both materials and labor. Stanley should also that understandefficiency variances may arise for many different reasons and she needs to know these reasons before evaluating performance.5.Variances should be used to help Better Bikes understand what led to the current set offinancial results, as well as how to perform better in the future. They are a way tofacilitate the continuous improvement efforts of the company. Rather than focusing solely on the price of titanium, Scott can balance price and quality in future purchase decisions.6.Future problems can arise in the supply chain. Scott may need to go back to the previoussuppliers. But Better Bikes’ relationship with them may have been damaged and they may now be selling all their available titanium to other manufacturers. Lower quality bicycles could also affect Better Bikes’ reputation with the distributors, the bike shops and customers, leading to higher warranty claims and customer dissatisfaction, anddecreased sales in the future.7-35 (30 min.) Direct manufacturing labor and direct materials variances, missing data.1.Actual CostsIncurred(Actual InputQuantity× Actual Price) Actual Input Quantity × Budgeted Price Flexible Budget (Budgeted Input Quantity Allowed for Actual Output × Budgeted Price) Direct mfg. labor $739,900a $735,000b $742,500ca Given (or 49,000 hours × $15.10/hour)b49,000 hours × $15/hour = $735,000 c 5,500 units × 9 hours/unit × $15/hour = $742,5002. Unfavorable direct materials efficiency variance of $1,500 indicates that fewer pounds of direct materials were actually used than the budgeted quantity allowed for actual output.= $1,500 efficiency variance $3 per pound budgeted price= 500 poundsBudgeted pounds allowed for the output achieved = 5,500 × 30 = 165,000 poundsActual pounds of direct materials used = 165,000 − 500 = 164,500 pounds3. Actual price paid per pound = 579,500/190,000= $3.05 per pound4. Actual Costs Incurred Actual Input ×(Actual Input × Actual Price) Budgeted Price a baGiven b 190,000 pounds × $3/pound = $570,0008-32 (30 min.) 4-variance analysis, find the unknowns. Known figures denoted by an *Case A:Actual Costs IncurredActual InputQuantity× Budgeted RateFlexible Budget:Budgeted InputQuantity Allowedfor Actual Output× Budgeted RateAllocated:Budgeted InputQuantity Allowedfor Actual Output× Budgeted RateVariableManufacturingOverhead $120,000* (6,230 × $20)$124,600(6,200* × $20)$124,000*(6,200* × $20)$124,000*FixedManufacturingOverhead $84,920*(Lump sum)$88,200*(Lump sum)$88,200*(6,200* × $14a)$86,800*Total budgeted manufacturing overhead = $124,000 + $88,200 = $212,200 Case B:Actual Costs IncurredActual InputQuantity× Budgeted RateFlexible Budget:Budgeted InputQuantityAllowed forActual Output× Budgeted RateAllocated:Budgeted InputQuantityAllowed forActual Output× Budgeted RateVariableManufacturingOverhead $45,640 (1,141 × $42.00*)$47,922(1,200 × $42.00*)$50,400b(1,200 × $42.00*)$50,400variance8-348-35 FixedManufacturing Overhead $23,180* (Lump sum) $20,000* (Lump sum) $20,000* $24,000cTotal budgeted manufacturing overhead = $50,400 + $20,000 = $70,400aBudgeted FMOH rate = Standard fixed manufacturing overhead allocated ÷ Standard machine-hours allowed for actual output achieved = $86,800 ÷ 6,200 = $14 b Budgeted hours allowed for actual output achieved must be derived from the output level variance before this figure can be derived, or, since the fixed manufacturing overhead rate is $20,000 ÷ 1,000 = $20, and the allocated amount is $24,000, the budgeted hours allowed for the actual output achieved must be 1,200 ($24,000 ÷ $20). c 1,200 × ($20,000* ÷ 1,000*) = $24,000variance。
写作3Unit_6 答案
Suggested answers to the question
Structure: They are all composed of a conjunction and a participle, and the noun in the main clause is the logical subject or object.
Reference for the exercise
Verb Form Words Modified Function crying girl description broken Piggy bank description Singing and dancing The boy and the girl description Reference for the Classroom Activities
g. published, informing h. Having, exhausted, relieved
Complex participle phrases
A. Present participles in different modes and aspects
Meaning: Sentence a: time; Sentence b: concession; Sentence c: condition.
d. Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub.
Larry held his head in his hands.
Larry was so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn’t cheer him up.
写作教程第一册1~3单元答案
写作教程第一册部分答案(Units1~3)Unit 1Part IV Writing Notes (1)Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communicationand they are quick, easy and convenient.2.A note has three essential components:①the addressee--the person(s)to whom the note is written; ②the message; ③the sender3.Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, anddedication to a single topic.Part V Follow-up Exercises1.1)mouse-hearted→chicken-heart 2)politician→statesman 3)wind→breeze 4)utilize→drink 5)ascertaining→finding 6)was bombarded with→received a lot of 7）opened→drew back 8）contain→accommodate 9）habits→customs3.1) experienced 2)elapsed 3)attempting 4)with 5)take up 6)made 7)endeavor 8)true4. 1) The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.2) We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.3) Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.4) We must pursue this matter further.5) The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.6) All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.7) The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.8) The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.9) (correct)10) He was awaked to the risk.Unit 2Colloquial and slangSuggested answers to the questionsThe grotesqueness of this sentence lies in the incongruity of style. The word bomb is a slang expression that is too casual to go with the subject, and the sentence can be revised into: The violin virtuoso’s performance on the cello was a big failure.The revised short paragraph: The author has made a lifetime’s study of film history, and the knowledge she has accumulated is tempered by a fine sense of judgment. She devotes a whole chapter to an analysis of horror films. These films, according to her, do much more than just frighten us; they enable us to forget our worries.Style and audienceSuggested answers to the questionsThe expected reader of Excerpt 1 is a pal of the person who leaves the note, so the language is colloquial.The reader of Excerpt 2 does not have an intimate relationship with the writer of the note. They might be business associates, for example. The language stands somewhere between formal and informal but more on the formal side.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.If there is an accident or incident that may be covered by this policy,notify us in writing as soon as possible. Y ou can give tis notice to any of our authorized agents.2.(omitted)3.The first excerpt is colloquial and the two persons may be friends orcolleagues.The second excerpt is rather formal and the two persons may be colleagues.The third is the most formal. Actually it is taken from a report and the writer may be the head of the department.Point of viewRevised version 1When people read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects them. Of course, they feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from them and because they don’t affect their own life, they are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed their own close friends, they would be more emotionally upset.Revised version 2When we read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects us. Of course, we feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from us and because they don’t affect our own life, we are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed our close friends, we would be more emotionally upset.Notice while the first version is comfortable and respectable, the second one involves the audience more effectively and directly because of the use of the pronoun we. The pronoun you can also achieve the same effect in this paragraph.Part IV WritingSample 1 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept.8Dear Aunt Jenny,Thank you so much for the lovely robot dog you give me. It is just what I’ve dreamed of for ages. Y ou really know me. Thanks again for the wonderful gift.Y ours,RoseSample 2 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept. 12Lucy,I got a ticket for you to the Arts Festival on Sept. 18 at Yifu Auditorium, as we have discussed before. I’ll arrange for a car to bring you here at 4:00 p.m. Give me a ring and tell me if you are coming or not. Thanks.JennyPart V Follow-up Exercises1.1）In this excerpt, Liza’s style is all but appropriate for the occasion.At the beginning, she chooses a formal and affected style but later slides to colloquial and finally slang expressions. The other characters at the scene use general and colloquial vocabulary that is appropriate for the context.2) No. Here the obvious switch from a formal to a highly colloquialstyle shows Liza in a transitional stage. She does not see that her learned comment on the weather is inappropriate. And when the subject changes into influenza, she forgets she is supposed to be a lady and reverts to(回归) her natural speech, which incidentally is much more expressive and colorful than her phony formality（假装正式）.2. 1) play a minor role/be a uility man 2)That’s Greek to me. 3)belated action/advice 4)Where there is smoke there’s fire. 5)an evil creature 6)walk into the trap 7)on e’s face glowing with health3. 1) We must practice economy./ We must reduce unnecessary expenditure.2) It is essential to control environmental pollution.3) We must arrive at the station on time.4) Financial expenditures should be arranged in order of priority.5) We must speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.6) To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet twoconditions: the profits must be legal, and they must not be excessive.7) During the period of the Tenth Five-Y ear Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead, we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version: Women’s RightsIn feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberation movement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair. Husban and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t do it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that, they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather thantheir appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5.1)me2) who 3)I 4)me/myself 5)me 6)each other’s 7)who 8)us9)whom 10)some 11)one’s 12)his 13)his 14)his, his6. 1) We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of ive, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.”We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher. If we seem different from the other students, we are treated differently, and these differences could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion, and so forth. Right from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.Unit 3Part IIConciseness Classroom activities2. 1) Xianming High School has a faculty that do their jobs well.2) One of the requirements is a term paper of three thousand words on asubject of your choice.3) College is difficult to adjust to because you are left on your own tosolve many problems.4) A career in the Army has both advantages and disadvantages. So doesthe return to the civilian life from the military.5) Teenage pregnancy has created a lot of controversy.Preciseness Classroom activities1. 1) Kate said she had an boring time at the homecoming party.2) I think Mr Brown is an unconvincing speaker.3) The husband gave the wife a diamond necklace for her bithday.4) There are certain traits I look for in judging a person’s character.Effectiveness Classroom activities1.1) Jo’s mouth: decidedher nose: comicalher eyes: sharp, gray, fierce, funny, thoughtfulher hair: long, thickher shoulder: roundher hands and feet: big2) Awkward colt is repetitious as the word colt carries the sense of awkwardness already. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use a modifierher.Louisa May Alcott’s novel Little WomenLouisa May Alcott(1832-1888)路易莎·梅·奥尔科特是一位美国女作家。
新教材英语必修一Unit1 Workbook (共57张PPT)
I think you should not talk to him alone so often. This is a special situation. If you were outside, you could see many other boys and girls and you could do all kinds of other things. But here, you are together all the time and if you want to get away you can’t. In fact, you see each other 24 hours a day. What happens if you quarrel?”
Talking
1. What does she think of Chinese people? Do you agree with her? Give your reasons
2. According to Clark, does she make friends with all these Chinese people?
3. What misunderstanding do you think might occur between Chinese people and foreigners?
Useful expressions about agreement and disagreement: I think so. I don’t think so. I agree. I don’t agree. That’s correct. Of course not. Exactly. I’m afraid not.
Unit 1 Friendship
answers to the exercise
Students, to master every sentence easily, I made some explanations for each. Hope it could help you to some extent. Pay attention: find your better version on the basis of mine.1．They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.（Using the Principle of Clarity）2．He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.（Using the Principle of Clarity）3．Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.（Using the Principle of Clarity）4．We shall take a strong line with the film．（Using the Principle of Clarity）5．We have begun to export our machines.（Using the Principle of Clarity）6．If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.（Using the Principle of Clarity）7．We require new-type furniture.（Using the Principle of Clarity）8．Johnsons will pay their accounts next week．（Using the Principle of Conciseness）9．These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet. （Using the Principle of Concreteness）10．Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.（Using the Principle of Concreteness）11．She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.（Using the Principle of Concreteness）12．（Using the Principle of Courtesy）Dear Mrs. WaltersIf I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock.The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.Y ours sincerely13．Y ou will receive your order by Monday, October 10. （Using the Principle of Courtesy—“Y ou” attitude）14．To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.（Using the Principle of Courtesy—“Y ou” attitude）15．Congratulations on successfully completing the project.（Using the Principle of Courtesy—“Y ou” attitude）16．A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. Y ou are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require.（Using the Principle of Courtesy—“Y ou” attitude）17．The office is open until four O'clock..（Using the Principle of Courtesy—Positive Expression）18．When I received your letter, I checked our records.（Using the Principle of Courtesy—Positive Expression）19．The picture was blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.（Using the Principle of Courtesy—Positive Expression）20．Please refer to my June 10th letter. （Using the Princ iple of Courtesy—Positive Expression）21．Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up? （Using the Principle of Courtesy—Positive Expression）22．I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter. （Using the Principle of Courtesy—Positive Expression）。
(完整版)写作教程(一)unit1答案.doc
Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance(e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.Word Denotation Connotation Sentencegold a precious yellow metal wealth, value, Silence is gold.preciousness, etcmoon the natural body that tranquility, purity, There’s no point moves around the earth something out of hoping for peace in theonce every 28 days reach, etc. country. It’s like askingfor the moon.ice water frozen so that it hasbecome solidblood red liquid flowing through the bodies of humans andanimals coldness, The ice in his voice indifference, cruelty, was only to hide the death, etc. pain.family background, Blood is thicker than descent, race, water. temperament, etc.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.Favorable Neutral Unfavorableunique, quaint strange bizarre, abnormalresolute, steadfast stubborn, dogged pigheadedcompliment (v.) praise, commend, flatter lick one’s bootssenior citizen old person fossilbachelor girl single woman spinster2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinsterCollocationa.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1. 1)D2)D3)A4)B5)C6)C7)BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends— flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verbgrind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’sbody in a flat position, andlie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b.That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrowsraised.c.Jack has beenlying around all day.d.The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e.A heavy foglay over the land.f.White stationery is always appropriate.g.Is that tablestationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h.It is easier to talk about aprinciple than to live by it.i.Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3.Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt ’snot fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passedvs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’tsee farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects isconsidered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either or, neither nor, not but, the verbagrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do notaffect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced byprepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, as much as, rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including .When the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such asall, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singularor plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases like lots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs dependingon the form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, theverb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa. He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent theis only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the numberof the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compoundsubject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.OthersReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebodygenerally require a singular verb.2.The pronounsany and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verbbe does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as aunit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take asingular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, andwhereabouts.PART Ⅳ WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and theyare quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee— the person(s) to whom the note iswritten; --the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday,you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and acomplimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesmanis a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying thebreezecoming from the lake.d. We need todrink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate4000 students.i. Social customsvary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced(2) elapsed(3) attempting(4) with(5) take up(6) made(7) endeavor(8) true4.a. The state attorney said that the man would beprosecuted.b.We suppose that a referee should bedisinterested but not uninterested.c.Tony can hit a ballfarther than I can.d.We must pursue this matterfurther.e.The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f.All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium forthe music contest.g.The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by aneconomic disaster.i.(correct)j.He was awaked to the risk.5.My sister Lulu accepteda scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expectedto reach its decision very quickly.c.Each of the candidates for the positionhas exceptionally high qualifications.d.Every boy and girl in the sixth gradewas/is eager to win the contest.e.Corn bread and milkis a popular breakfast in the rural South.f.The instructor as well as the studentswas at fault.g.He is one of the students whoplan to attend the speech contest.h.The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoningvary with each individual case.k. He believes that athleticsimproves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runnersbecomestense.m. Either The Times or The Tribuneis a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eyeis the headlines.o. She is one of the women whohave madethis country what it is.。