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210944300_域发喷剂敷料对糠秕马拉色菌体外抑菌活性的实验研究

㊃论著㊃域发喷剂敷料对糠秕马拉色菌体外抑菌活性的实验研究高瑞佳1刘士瑞2孙瑾鹏3樊靖华1李福秋2(1.西安市中心医院,西安710004;2.吉林大学第二医院,吉林130041;3.大连皮肤病医院,大连116021)ʌ摘要ɔ目的采用琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)和微量液基稀释法两种体外药敏实验方法,观察域发喷剂敷料及其主要成分(微生物源性抗菌肽)对头皮脂溢性皮炎常见的马拉色菌体外抑菌活性㊂方法不同浓度域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽为实验组,采乐洗剂(浓度2%酮康唑洗剂)㊁域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂为对照组,用琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)和微量液基稀释法测试体外对马拉色菌的抑制作用,同时测定M I C(最小抑菌浓度)值㊂结果域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽㊁采乐洗剂均对马拉色菌有不同程度的体外抑制作用,其抑菌效果与药物浓度呈正相关㊂域发喷剂敷料的M I C值为0.977μL/m L㊁微生物源性抗菌肽的M I C值为3.907μL/m L㊂结论域发喷剂敷料安全性高,不易产生耐药性,副作用少,有较好地抑制马拉色菌作用,使用方便,可用于临床上头皮脂溢性皮炎的治疗㊂ʌ关键词ɔ域发喷剂敷料;脂溢性皮炎;马拉色菌;微生物源性抗菌肽;体外抑菌;M I Cʌ中图分类号ɔ R379.9ʌ文献标志码ɔ A ʌ文章编号ɔ1673-3827(2023)18-0019-05E x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d y o n t h e i n v i t r o a n t i b a c t e r i a l a c t i v i t y o f M e d i h a i r s p r a y d r e s s i n g a g a i n s t M a l a s s e z i aG A O R u i j i a1,L I U S h i r u i2,S U N J i n p e n g3,F A N J i n g h u a1,L I F u q i u2(1.X i'a n C e n t r a l H o s p i t a l,X i'a n710004,C h i n a;2.T h e S e c o n d H o s p i t a l o f J i l i n U n i v e r s i t y,J i l i n130041,C h i n a;3.D a l i a n D e r m a t o l o g y H o s p i t a l,D a l i a n116021,C h i n a)ʌA b s t r a c tɔO b j e c t i v e T w o i n v i t r o d r u g s e n s i t i v i t y t e s t m e t h o d s,a g e r p l a t e d i f f u s i o n m e t h o d(p u n c h m e t h o d)a n d m i c r o l i q-u i d-b a s e d d i l u t i o n m e t h o d,w e r e u s e d t o o b s e r v e t h e i n v i t r o a n t i b a c t e r i a l a c t i v i t y o f M e d i h a i r s p r a y d r e s s i n g a n d i t s m a i n c o m p o n e n t s(M i c r o b i a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l p e p t i d e)a g a i n s t c o mm o n M a l a s s e z i a o n t h e s u r f a c e o f s e b o r r h e i c d e r m a t i t i s l e s i o n s o f t h e h e a d.M e t h o d s M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g w i t h d i f f e r e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n,m i c r o b i a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l p e p t i d e w e r e u s e d a s t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l g r o u p,a n d C a i l e l o t i o n(c o n c e n t r a t i o n2%k e t o c o n a z o l e l o t i o n),b l a n k s o l v e n t o f M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g w e r e u s e d a s t h e c o n t r o l g r o u p,a n d t h e d i a m e t e r s o f t h e i n h i b i t i o n z o n e w e r e c o m p a r e d i n e a c h g r o u p.T h e i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t o n M a l a s s e z i a i n v i t r o w a s t e s t e d b y a g a r p l a t e d i f f u s i o n m e t h o d(p u n c h m e t h o d)a n d m i c r o d i l u t i o n m e t h o d,a n d t h e M I C (m i n i m u m i n h i b i t o r y c o n c e n t r a t i o n)v a l u e s w e r e a l s o d e t e r m i n e d.R e s u l t s M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g a n d m i c r o b i a l a n t i m i-c r o b i a l p e p t i d e i n h i b i t e d M a l a s s e z i a t o v a r y i n g d e g r e e s i n v i t r o,a n d t h e e f f e c t w a s p o s i t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d w i t h d r u g c o n c e n t r a-t i o n.M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g M I C w a s0.977μL/m L;m i c r o b i a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l p e p t i d e M I C w a s3.907μL/m L.C o n c l u s i o n M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g i s s a f e,a n d h a s a b e t t e r i n h i b i t i o n o f M a l a s s e z i a e f f e c t.ʌK e y w o r d sɔ M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g;s e b o r r h e i c d e r m a t i t i s;M a l a s s e z i a;m i c r o b i a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l p e p t i d e;i n v i t r o a n t i-f u n g a l a c t i v i t y;M I C[C h i n J M y c o l,2023,18(1):19-23]脂溢性皮炎(s e b o r r h e i c d e r m a t i t i s,S D)是临床上常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,反复发作,可伴有作者简介:高瑞佳,女(汉族),硕士,住院医师.E-m a i l:136772749@ q q.c o m通信作者:李福秋,E-m a i l:l i f u q i u1234@126.c o m 不同程度的瘙痒㊂确切病因及发病机制尚未完全阐明,目前研究表明,发病机制可能与遗传因素㊁免疫缺陷㊁真菌感染㊁激素水平㊁神经及环境因素等有关,马拉色菌是引起脂溢性皮炎的一种常见病原菌㊂治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎的常用方法包括抗真菌㊃91㊃中国真菌学杂志2023年2月第18卷第1期 C h i n J M y c o l,F e b r u a r y2023,V o l18,N o.1Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.治疗㊂抗菌肽在医学㊁食品㊁养殖等众多领域具有远大的发展前景及应用价值,尤其在医学领域备受关注㊂域发喷剂敷料主成分为一种新型高分子聚合复合物,它的核心成分为抗菌肽,是微生物来源,针对头皮脂溢性皮炎具有抑菌㊁控油㊁修复皮损,改变局部微生物生长环境,起到缓解和治疗的作用,临床应用前景良好㊂本文拟通过域发喷剂敷料对马拉色菌体外抑菌活性的实验研究,对域发喷剂敷料的抑菌活性及有效性进行初步探讨,为临床治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎提供一定的理论依据㊂1材料与方法1.1实验菌株马拉色菌标准株(M a l a s s e z i a f u r f u r),菌种编号:B N C C337308,购买于北京北纳创联生物技术研究院,中国普通微生物菌种保存中心㊂1.2实验药物域发喷剂敷料(粤顺械备20190023号)㊁域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂㊁微生物源性抗菌肽:博汇美萃生物工程技术(广东)有限公司;采乐洗剂(浓度2%酮康唑洗剂):国药准字:H20000588西安杨森制药公司㊂1.3培养基(自己配制)固体培养基:琼脂60g,牛胆汁(干燥)20g,吐温4010g,单油酸甘油酯2.5g,蒸馏水1.0L;液体培养基:麦芽汁60g,牛胆汁(干燥)20g,吐温40 10g,单油酸甘油酯2.5g,蒸馏水1.0L㊂1.4琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)培养基的制备按以上比例称取各成分,待其充分融化后高压灭菌15m i n,制成马拉色菌平皿培养基㊂马拉色菌标准株活化吸取适量无菌水溶解菌粉,均匀涂布于平皿培养基上,置于29ħ培养箱㊂菌悬液的制备将马拉色菌标准株接种于固体培养基上,每72h传代培养1次,传代2次,制成菌悬液,菌含量大概为(1.0~2.0)ˑ106C F U/m L㊂抑菌活性的测定将0.5m L菌液均匀涂布在培养基上,用直径10mm无菌打孔器打孔;将域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽㊁采乐洗剂㊁域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂原液及稀释成不同浓度的药液分别加入到不同孔内,加满为止,放入37ħ恒温孵育箱㊂结果判读用数显游标卡尺测量抑菌圈直径,分别计算出每种药液不同浓度的抑菌圈直径平均值与标准差㊂质控阳性对照为接种菌悬液,不含药液,阴性对照为不接种菌悬液㊂1.5微量液基稀释法参考N C C L S-M27A方案,将含单油酸甘油酯作为药敏试验的液体培养基㊂药液加样高压灭菌马拉色菌液体培养基,在超净工作台上,96孔板中每孔加100μL液体培养基,在第1孔内分别加100μL浓度为125μL/m L 的域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽㊁采乐洗剂㊁域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂反复吹打后从第1孔中吸取100μL到第2孔,连续倍比稀释至第10孔,并从第10孔吸取100μL弃掉;第11孔为加液体培养基和菌悬液的阳性对照,第12孔为仅含液体培养基的阴性对照㊂最后在每孔中加入马拉色菌菌悬液各100μL,此时从第1孔至第10孔药物的终浓度分别为62.5μL/m L㊁31.25μL/m L㊁15.625μL/ m L㊁7.813μL/m L㊁3.907μL/m L㊁1.954μL/m L㊁0.977μL/m L㊁0.489μL/m L㊁0.245μL/m L㊁0.123μL/m L㊂将96孔板放入37ħ恒温孵育箱㊂结果判读48h后观察菌落生长情况,观察到马拉色菌菌落漂浮在液体培养基中,菌落非常清晰,呈乳白色,采用读取结果㊂用移液枪分别吸取各孔内的培养物20μL,点种于马拉色菌平皿培养基上,48h后观察菌落生长情况㊂最终的M I C值为点种于平皿培养基后没有菌落生长所对应的药物浓度㊂质控以不含药液,加100μL液体培养基㊁100μL生理盐水㊁100μL菌悬液作为阳性对照;以不含菌悬液,加100μL药液㊁100μL液体培养基㊁100μL生理盐水作为阴性对照㊂1.6统计学处理应用统计学软件S P S S20.0进行数据分析㊁处理,统计学方法为t检验和单因素方差分析,P< 0.05认为差异有统计学意义㊂2结果2.1琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)不同浓度域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽㊁采乐洗剂㊁域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂对马拉色菌的抑菌直径见表1~4及图1~4;比较不同稀释倍数的抑菌圈直径的大小见表5及图5㊂㊃02㊃中国真菌学杂志2023年2月第18卷第1期 C h i n J M y c o l,F e b r u a r y2023,V o l18,N o.1Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.表1域发喷剂敷料体外马拉色菌的抑菌直径结果T a b.1 A n t i f u n g a l d i a m e t e r r e s u l t s o f M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g i n v i t r o组别质量浓度/m g㊃g-1抑菌圈直径/mm标准菌株xʃs平均值域发喷剂敷料0.831.87ʃ0.5131.87域发喷剂敷料0.230.11ʃ0.2730.11域发喷剂敷料0.0421.47ʃ0.9021.47域发喷剂敷料0.00819.89ʃ1.3119.89域发喷剂敷料0.001614.53ʃ0.2214.53域发喷剂敷料0.0003200阳性对照组000阴性对照组000表2微生物源性抗菌肽体外马拉色菌的抑菌直径结果T a b.2 A n t i f u n g a l d i a m e t e r r e s u l t s o f m i c r o b i a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l p e p-t i d e i n v i t r o组别质量浓度/m g㊃g-1抑菌圈直径/mm标准菌株xʃs平均值微生物源性抗菌肽0.824.59ʃ1.2924.59微生物源性抗菌肽0.220.10ʃ0.9820.10微生物源性抗菌肽0.0416.17ʃ0.4416.17微生物源性抗菌肽0.00800微生物源性抗菌肽0.001600微生物源性抗菌肽0.0003200阳性对照组000阴性对照组000表3采乐洗剂体外马拉色菌的抑菌直径结果T a b.3 A n t i f u n g a l d i a m e t e r r e s u l t s o f C a i l e l o t i o n i n v i t r o组别质量浓度/m g㊃g-1抑菌圈直径/mm标准菌株xʃs平均值采乐洗剂2032.07ʃ0.3932.07采乐洗剂530.49ʃ0.4030.49采乐洗剂125.53ʃ2.3825.53采乐洗剂0.222.42ʃ1.1322.42采乐洗剂0.0417.38ʃ0.8517.38采乐洗剂0.00800阳性对照组000阴性对照组000表4域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂体外马拉色菌的抑菌直径结果T a b.4 A n t i f u n g a l d i a m e t e r r e s u l t s o f b l a n k s o l v e n t o f M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g i n v i t r o组别质量浓度/m g㊃g-1抑菌圈直径/mm标准菌株xʃs平均值域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂562.513.55ʃ0.8113.55域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂140.62500域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂28.12500域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂5.62500域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂1.12500域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂0.22500阳性对照组000阴性对照组000表5不同稀释倍数下的抑菌圈平均直径T a b.5 M e a n d i a m e t e r s o f i n h i b i t i o n z o n e a t d i f f e r e n t d i l u t i o n s(mm)样品原液稀释4倍稀释20倍稀释100倍稀释500倍稀释2500倍域发喷剂敷料31.8730.1121.4719.8914.530采乐32.0730.4925.5322.4217.380微生物源性抗菌肽24.5920.1016.17000域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂13.5500000域发喷剂敷料/采乐洗剂99.38%98.75%84.1%88.7%83.6%0微生物源性抗菌肽/采乐洗剂76.68%65.92%63.34%000域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂/采乐洗剂42.25%000002.2微量液基稀释法实验得出:域发喷剂敷料作用于马拉色菌M I C值为0.977μL/m L;微生物源性抗菌肽作用于马拉色菌M I C值为3.907μL/m L(见图6)㊂㊃12㊃中国真菌学杂志2023年2月第18卷第1期 C h i n J M y c o l,F e b r u a r y2023,V o l18,N o.1Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.图1域发喷剂敷料对马拉色菌的体外抑菌:琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)培养72h图2微生物源性抗菌肽对马拉色菌的体外抑菌:琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)培养72h图3采乐洗剂对马拉色菌的体外抑菌:琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)培养72h图4域发喷剂敷料空白溶剂对马拉色菌的体外抑菌:琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)培养72h图5比较不同稀释倍数下每种药物的抑菌圈直径图6域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽和采乐洗剂体外抑制马拉色菌:微量液基稀释法培养48hF i g.1I n v i t r o a n t i f u n g a l a c t i v i t y o f M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g a g a i n s t M a l a s s e z i a:a g e r p l a t e d i f f u s i o n m e t h o d(p u n c h m e t h o d)c u l t u r e f o r 72h F i g.2I n v i t r o a n t i f u n g a l a c t i v i t y o f m i c r o b i a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l p e p t i d e a g a i n s t M a l a s s e z i a:a g e r p l a t e d i f f u s i o n m e t h o d(p u n c h m e t h o d) c u l t u r e f o r72h F i g.3I n v i t r o a n t i f u n g a l a c t i v i t y o f C a i l e l o t i o n a g a i n s t M a l a s s e z i a:a g e r p l a t e d i f f u s i o n m e t h o d(p u n c h m e t h o d)c u l t u r e f o r72h F i g.4I n v i t r o a n t i f u n g a l a c t i v i t y o f b l a n k s o l v e n t o f M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g a g a i n s t M a l a s s e z i a:a g e r p l a t e d i f f u s i o n m e t h o d (p u n c h m e t h o d)c u l t u r e f o r72h F i g.5 T h e i n h i b i t i o n z o n e d i a m e t e r s o f e a c h d r u g a t d i f f e r e n t d i l u t i o n s w e r e c o m p a r e d F i g.6I n v i t r o i n h i b i t i o n o f M a l a s s e z i a b y M e d i H a i r S p r a y D r e s s i n g㊁m i c r o b i a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l p e p t i d e a n d C a i l e l o t i o n:m i c r o l i q u i d-b a s e d d i l u t i o n m e t h o d c u l-t u r e f o r48h3讨论马拉色菌属于嗜脂性酵母,是人体皮肤正常菌群的一部分,广泛存在于人类和动物皮肤上,在头皮㊁外耳道㊁面部㊁胸背部等皮肤表面可分离出㊂作为一种常见的条件致病菌,马拉色菌在某些致病因素的作用下,可引起各种相关性皮肤病[1],如花斑糠疹㊁脂溢性皮炎㊁马拉色菌毛囊炎㊁特应性皮炎㊁银屑病㊁甲真菌病等[2-3],这些疾病均与马拉色菌的定植密切有关㊂㊃22㊃中国真菌学杂志2023年2月第18卷第1期 C h i n J M y c o l,F e b r u a r y2023,V o l18,N o.1Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.市面上有许多去屑洗发水和医用洗发剂用于治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎,这些洗剂中大多数含有酮康唑㊁二硫化硒㊁硫氧吡啶锌等活性成分㊂对于许多头皮屑和脂溢性皮炎的患者来说,现有的去屑产品使用几个周期后便会出现不满意的效果,容易复发㊂域发喷剂敷料是一种新型高分子聚合复合物为主成分的抗菌敷料,主要是由基质和主成分两部分组成,基质是由甘油㊁卡波姆和丁二醇等组成;主成分为一种新型高分子聚合复合物,也由基质和核心成分两部分组成,基质是季铵盐类高分子聚合物,核心成分为抗菌肽㊂其中季铵盐类高分子聚合物为核心成分载体,不仅起到载体作用,还发挥清洁去脂的功能,间接达到控油抑菌的疗效;核心成分抗菌肽,为微生物来源抗菌肽,具有抑菌功能㊂该新型高分子聚合复合物是通过季铵盐类高分子聚合物和抗菌肽的协同实现增效作用,从控油㊁抑菌㊁修复皮损3个方面缓解脂溢性皮炎的主要症状㊂抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽或者宿主防御肽,是抗生素的理想替代品之一[4],在生物体内广泛存在㊂抗菌肽作用机制与抗生素不同[5],其具有抗细菌㊁抗真菌㊁抗病毒㊁抗肿瘤㊁免疫调节等功能[6-8],抗菌肽是一种新型抗感染药物多肽,不易引起微生物耐药性,其抗真菌作用机制可能为:①阻断和破坏真菌细胞壁的合成;②作用与真菌细胞内线粒体等细胞器,抑制真菌细胞呼吸;③作用于真菌细胞膜,增加细胞通透性[9],不易产生耐药性[10],具有热稳定性㊁耐受性㊁p H值稳定性㊁消化酶稳定性等生物学特征[11],具有良好的发展前景,临床应用日益广泛㊂其来源可分为天然抗菌肽和人工抗菌肽㊂天然抗菌肽又分为动物源性抗菌肽㊁植物源性抗菌肽和微生物源性抗菌肽等,与动植物源抗菌肽及其他AM P s相比,微生物源抗菌肽的研究应用相对缓慢,但具有种类多㊁功能多样㊁易大规模获取㊁生产时限短等优点[12],因此,微生物源抗菌肽更具发展前景,深受研究者们的关注[13]㊂本研究通过琼脂平板扩散法(打孔法)证实了域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽及采乐洗剂在体外均对马拉色菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其抑菌效果与药物浓度呈正相关,三组比较未见明显差异(P>0.05);随着域发喷剂敷料浓度的递减,即原液稀释的倍数增加(原液至稀释4倍),抑菌圈直径有所变小,但下降幅度不大,其对马拉色菌的抑制作用与采乐洗剂相当,两组比较未见明显差异(P>0.05);域发喷剂敷料浓度更低,即原液稀释的倍数更大(稀释20~2500倍),抑菌圈直径明显变小,到稀释至2500倍时失去抗菌活性,其对马拉色菌的抑制作用弱于采乐洗剂,相当于采乐洗剂抑菌作用的80%~90%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);微生物源性抗菌肽对马拉色菌的抑制作用弱于域发喷剂敷料㊁采乐洗剂,每组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)㊂通过微量液基稀释法证实了域发喷剂敷料的M I C值为0.977μL/ m L;微生物源性抗菌肽的M I C值为3.907μL/m L㊂本实验中,域发喷剂敷料㊁微生物源性抗菌肽及采乐洗剂对马拉色菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑菌试验结果采乐洗剂组抑菌作用最强,其次是域发喷剂敷料组㊁微生物源性抗菌肽组㊂采乐洗剂是含有酮康唑的治疗头皮脂溢性皮炎的常用洗剂,效果显著㊂但域发喷剂敷料是一种新型高分子聚合物复合物为主成分的抗菌敷料,其主要成分微生物源性抗菌肽也具有较强的抗真菌作用,通过阻断和破坏真菌细胞壁的合成㊁抑制真菌细胞呼吸㊁增加真菌细胞通透性等发挥作用,从而抑制马拉色菌的生长,其次域发喷剂敷料是一种混合物,各物质间相互协同,促使主要成分最大限度地发挥抗真菌作用㊂综上,域发喷剂敷料安全性高,不易产生耐药性,不良反应少,使用方便,值得推广应用㊂参考文献[1]郑晓欢,郑荣昌,温炬,等.马拉色菌常见相关疾病的研究进展[J].国际医药卫生导报,2018,24(15):2227-2229.[2]P A R K H,O H J,L E E Y,e t a l.I n f l a mm a s o m e-m e d i a t e di n f l a mm a t i o n b y M a l a s s e z i a i n h u m a n k e r a t i n o c y t e s:Ac o m p a r a t i v e a n a l y s i s w i t hd i f fe r e n t s t r a i n s[J].M y c o s e s,2020:64(3):292-299.[3]G A I T A N I S G,MA G I A T I S P,H A N T S C H K E M,e t a l.T h e M a l a s s e z i a g e n u s i n s k i n a n d s y s t e m i c d i s e a s e s[J].C l i nM i c r o b i o l R e v,2012,25(1):106-141.[4]周捷,宁静,于伟,等.从专利角度分析微生物源抗菌肽研发现状及研发思路[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2019,36(8):750-754.[5]奚锦,王文佳,罗绂重,等.抗菌肽的研究现状[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2019,41(6):88-90.(下转第41页)㊃32㊃中国真菌学杂志2023年2月第18卷第1期 C h i n J M y c o l,F e b r u a r y2023,V o l18,N o.1Copyright©博看网. 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[13] P I S O S C H I A,P O P A,G E O R G E S C U C,e t a l.A n o v e r-v i e w o f n a t u r a l a n t i m i c r o b i a l s r o l e i n f o o d[J].E u r J M e dC h e m,2018,143:922-935.D O I:10.1016/j.e j m e c h.2017.11.095.[收稿日期]2021-08-02[本文编辑]陈雪红㊃14㊃中国真菌学杂志2023年2月第18卷第1期 C h i n J M y c o l,F e b r u a r y2023,V o l18,N o.1Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。

罗兰·CUBE·街道培训指南说明书

ROLAND CUBE STREETTRAINING GUIDEContents1. FEATURES2. QUICK DEMO3. FIVE FEATURES TO KNOW and SHOW4. ACCESSORIES5. CUBE STREET COSM AMPS and EFFECTS1. FEATURES∙Portable battery powered stereo DSP instrument amp/PA w/ 2 x 6.5”speakers and unique slanted cabinet∙Incredibly powerful tone and volume∙Two channels: MIC/LINE, and GUITAR/INSTRUMENT: each with independent delay/reverb and EQ∙GUITAR/INST channel has Eight COSM amp models on channel 2, including a new model suitable for acoustic guitar, keyboards, or otherinstruments: Instrument, JC Clean, Black Panel, Brit Combo, ClassicStack, R-Fier Stack, Acoustic Simulator, Mic∙Five Tone Controls: MIC/LINE Ch: Bass, Treble; GUITAR/INST Ch: Bass, Mid, Treble∙EFX: MIC/LINE: Delay/Reverb; GUITAR/INST: Chorus, Flanger, Phaser, Tremolo, plus Delay/Reverb∙MIC/LINE channel has Neutrik XLR/1/4” input: GUITAR /INST IS 1/4”∙Two Neodymium 6.5 speakers driven by two D-class digital power amps for true stereo high performance and reduced weight∙Built-in automatic chromatic tuner∙Battery powered: 15-hour battery life from 6 x AA batteries.∙AC Adapter (PSB-1U) included∙1/8” aux input for i-pods, CD players, MP-3 players, etc.∙Delay/reverb and EQ on both channels∙Footswitchable functions on each channel: Ch 1: Mute, Delay/Rev; Ch 2: EFX, Delay/Rev.∙MSRP $380.50, MAP $2792. QUICK DEMOThe Quick Demo is a way to get a customer interested in a product in less than 60 seconds.The Quick Demo: Show the Sound and PowerSTEP ONE: Tune Up1. Press and hold the TUNER button for about one second. The red LED willflash.2. Tune each string. The green LED indicates correct pitch.3. Press TUNER again to exit Tuner mode.STEP TWO: Show the Sounds1. Connect an electric guitar to the GUITAR /INSTRUMENT channel.2. Select a lead amp, such as BRIT COMBO, CLASSIC STACK, or R-FIER3. Set the GAIN to about 5 or higher.4. Play some heavy chords or leads.5. Experiment with the EQUALIZER, EFX, and DELAY/REVERB to checkout the sounds.6. Try some other COSM amps.STEP TWO: Show Versatility1. Connect an acoustic-electric guitar, keyboard or even a microphone to theMIC/LINE channel. If you are using an instrument, Set SELECT to LINE; if using a mic, set SELECT to MIC.2. Set VOLUME to about 5 or less.3. Play the acoustic guitar or keyboard or use the mic to show the loud andclear sound of these instruments.4. Experiment with the EQUALIZER and DELAY/REVERB to check out theirsounds.4. FIVE THINGS to KNOW and SHOW1. All purpose battery powered amp/PA: works anywhere, anytime withanything2. Two channels w/ independent EQ and effects on each3. Huge gain and volume for a small amp4. Famous Roland COSM amp models and EFX on guitar channel5. Connect mics, instruments, MP-3/CD player all at the same time4. ACCESSORIES1. 4 x BOSS FS-5U footswitches or 2 x BOSS FS-6 footswitches2. Two Roland PCS-31L insert cables3. Roland RH-20, RH-50, RH-200 or other headphones5. CUBE STREET COSM AMPS and EFFECTSNAME AMPInstrument Original Roland full range ampJC-120RolandJCCleanBlack Panel Fender Twin ReverbAC-30TBVoxBritComboClassic Stack Marshall PlexiMetal Stack Peavey EVH 5150RectifierDualR-FierBoogieMesaAcoustic Simulator AC-60/ w AC-3Mic Original Roland mic preEFFECTSCh1DelayReverbCh2ChorusFlangerPhaserTremoloDelayReverb。

爆炸性气体混合物的分级和分组

T1 T2 T5 T6 T1
30 31 32
萘异丙苯（异丙基苯）甲基·异丙基苯烃混和气
C10H8 C6H5CH(CH3)2 (CH3)CHC6H4CH3
T1 T2 T2
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
甲烷（工业用）松节油石脑油煤焦油石脑油石油（包括车用汽油）洗涤汽油燃料油煤油柴油动力油二.含氧化合物氧化物（包括醚）
（3）按引燃温度分组
组别
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
引燃温度 t(℃) 450＜t 300＜t≤450 200＜t≤300 135＜t≤200 100＜t≤135 85＜t≤100
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
2.防爆型电器类型—隔爆型
—
d
3.爆炸危险场所的分区
（1）0区：连续地出现爆炸性气体环境，或预计会长期出现或短期频繁地出现爆炸性气体环境的区域。（2）1区：在正常操作时，预计会周期地（或偶然地）出现爆炸性气体环境的区域。（3）2区：在正常操作时，预计不会出现爆炸性气体环境，即使发生也仅可能是不频繁并短时出现的区域。
T1 － T1
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146
二甲醚乙基甲基醚二乙醚二丁醚环氧乙烷 1.2-环氧丙烷 1.3-二恶戊烷 1.4-二恶烷 1.3.5-三恶烷羧基醋酸丁酯四氢糠醇丙烯酸甲酯丙烯酸乙酯呋喃丁烯醛（巴豆醛）丙烯醛四氢呋喃四.混合气
T2 T2 T1 T2 T3 T2 T3 T2 － T2 T2
79
醋酸三.含卤化合物
CH3COOH
T1

bj-au88+ 数码立体声二合一卡拉OK功率放大器使用说明书

Thank you for purchasing our Wireless Karaoke AV Amplifire .Please read the owner's manual thoroughly prior to use.Please keep the manual for future reference.感谢您购买本公司的数码立体声二合一卡拉OK功率放大器。

为了尽快的熟悉掌握本产品的各项功能，使用前请仔细阅读本说明书。

阅读后，请注意妥善保管。

数码立体声二合一卡拉OK功率放大器WIRELESS KARAOKE AV AMPLIFIERFront PanelHOW TO CONNECT ANY TROUBLES ?65522CAUTION FOR SAFETY FUNCTION AND NAME SPECIFICATIONS CONTENTSThis "Caution for safety" shows various kinds of pictures in order to be used safely and correctly and to prevent from damaging other people, and their property. Please read with full understanding, and carefulness.CAUTION FOR SAFETYFUNCTION AND NAME12345786Music VolumeMusic Tone Control VolumesMicrophone Master Volume Microphone VolumeMicrophone InputPush switch button-"On", and Re-push it and then "Off".To adjust Music Volume.To adjust Tone of Bass, Midrange, and Treble.To adjust Sound Level of Left and Right channels.To adjust Sound Level of all Microphones.To adjust Sound Volume of MIC 1, MIC 2/A and MIC 3/W Microphones (W: Wireless Microphone) .To Input 3 Microphones (MIC 1, MIC 2 and MIC 3).Power Switch Balance VolumeDisplay1113141512Echo Tone Control Volumes To adjust Tone of Bass, Midrange, and Treble.13452LEVEL (Echo)Echo DelayTo adjust Music Interval tone Level.To adjust Volume of Microphone Echo.To adjust Delay Duration of Echo.To adjust Repeat Volume of Echo.Key Control ButtonEcho Repeat16SD CARDTo insert card memory.17USBTo insert USB memory.18: Reverse.: To play back / Recording (Push the button formore than 2 Second): Fast forwarding.REAR PANELVOD and AUX. Audio Input Terminal connectionOptical and Coaxial.Digital Audio Input To adjust volume of Input. Input LevelHDMI 1. HDMI 2HDMI Input6Connect with TV. (Video 1, Video 2) HDMI Output8High Level, Low Level (-11dB) Mic Output (Vocal output)9Connect with Power amplifier. Pre Output7MIC AMic Input 10Connect with Powered sub woofer.Sub woofer Output 11A or B: 4 Ohms - 8 Ohms, A+B: 8 Ohms - 16 Ohms. Speaker Output13It can be connected with other IR receiver.REMOTE Terminal♭: To slow interval tone. # : To fast interval tone. ♮: Back to original.19Wireless microhone indicatorIt lights up at a wireless microphone (A, B) switch ON .Power Cord Socket.Power input AC 220 - 240V / 50Hz.910To adjust Tone for Bass, Midrange and Treble.When pushing button, Input Signal is changedfrom VOD, AUX, Optical, Coaxial, HDMI 1, HDMI 2,Blue tooth, USB/SD card.Microphone Tone Control Volumes Input Select Button12Connect with antenna.Wireless ANT/ RECREMOTE CONTROLLER4HDMI Input ButtonHDMI 1, HDMI 2.1LOUD (Loudness)8: Reverse.: To play back / Recording (Push the button for more than 2 Second): Fast forwarding.2Mute Button 3Input Button6Mic VolumeTo adjust Microphone Volume.7To adjust Music Interval tone Level.♭: To slow interval tone. # : To fast interval tone. ♮: Back to original.Key Control ButtonWhen pushing button,It will be a more dynamic sound.You can select the Input Signals. VOD, AUX, Optical, Coaxial, USB, BT.RepeatDEL: deleteWIRELESS MICROPHONE5Music VolumeTo adjust Music Volume.Channel indication Battery level indicationB A How to set Channel (Frequency)1. Put a microphone to near the front panel of amplifier.2. Set a channel with pushing microphone switch button .3. Channel is set automatically.MIC A: 00 - 18 CH MIC B: 21 - 39 CH/ RECHOW TO CONNECT● The power amplifier switch is not ON.● Remote control batteries is not in.● Batteries ran down.● Echo volume is minimum.Without echo.Can not use remote control.● Adjust the Echo volume.● Turn ON the power amplifier.● Check batteries.● Change batteries to new ones.Any troubles? please check the followings. Your careless mistakes may cause troubles.Consult with your dealers in case any troubles can not be solved after checking the followings.Can not power ON .● The power cord is not connected.● Connect the power cord to AC outlet.Power ON, but no sound.No sound at beginning of the music when switched ON.● Music volume control or Mic. volume control may be set to minimum position.● Music signal choice is incorrect.● The output cords is not connected correctly.● The power amplifier switch is not ON.● Output level of audio component is set to minimum.● Microphone switch is to "OFF".● The microphone cord broken.● Microphone plug is not connected.No microphone sound but playback the music sound.● Set it to "ON".● Repair or replace it.● Connect it correctly.● Adjust it to suitable position.● Adjust for proper sound position.● Choose correct music signal input.● Connect the output cord correctly.● Turn ON the power amplifier.TroubleCauseRemedyANY TROUBLES?Wireless microphone can not switch ON.● Receiver volume is set “ Minimum ” position?● Obstacle wave is disturbing?● Turn up Receiver volume.● Set another channel.● Connect it correctly once again.● Change HDMI cord to new ones.● Is a battery included?● Batteries ran down.● Please put a battery in.● Change batteries to new ones.Noize out of microphoneNo sound and no video at a HDMI connection. ● A connection of a HDMI cord is loose.● The HDMI cord broken.SPECIFICATIONSWireless MicrophoneModulation ModeSignal ReceptionRF Frequency RangeSwitching BandwidthAvailable ChannelsMax Working DistanceRF Output PowerFrequency StabilityS/N RatioTotal Harmonic DistortionAF Freqency ResponseMIC SensitivityReceiver SensitivityPower supply, OthersPower VoltagePower consumptionDimensions (W X H X D)WeightAccessoriesOwner's manualPower CableRemote ControllerWireless MicrophoneWireless Antenapi/4 DQPSK, digitally modulating pi/4 DQPSK, digitally receiving 635-695MHz 300 KHz 38 CH (MIC-A: 0 -18 CH, MIC-B: 21 - 38CH)30m 10mW ±20ppm 96dB 0.5% (max)30Hz - 18Khz, ±2dB -51dBV -95dBm AC220V - 240V / 50Hz 500W 430 X 148 X 327 mm 13.0 Kg 111(MIC-A, MIC-B) 21● Design and specifications subject to change without notice.Max output power Total Harmonic Distortion S/N RatioSpeaker ImpedanceAudio Input VOD, AUX, Optical, Coaxial MIC InputMIC-1, MIC-2/A, MIC-3MIC Output High Level Low LevelPre-amplifier Output Sub woofer Output Frequency response Microphone MusicTone control Music Bass Music Midrange Music TrebleMicrophone Bass Microphone Midrange Microphone Treble Echo Bass Echo Midrange Echo Treble Key ControlHDMI Input (HDMI-1, HDMI-2)HDMI Output USB Input SD Card Input240W + 240W /8Ω350W + 350W /4Ω 0.08% (max)87dB4 - 8Ω (A or B)8 -16Ω (A + B)200mV 20mV 3V 100mV5V 5V20Hz ～20KHz±3dB 20Hz ～20KHz±3dB ±8dB (100Hz)±7dB ( 1KHz)±8dB (10KHz)±8dB (100Hz)±7dB ( 1KHz)±8dB (10KHz)±3dB (100Hz)±3dB ( 1KHz)±3dB (10KHz)13 steps±2.5 pitchType A x 2 pcs Type A x 1 pc1 pc 1 pc327( mm )11101077各部分的功能及名称连接方法故障分析处理安全注意事项安全注意事项是为了安全正确使用本商品、防止给自己及他人带来财产损害。

Sennheiser ew 100 G4 快速指南说明书

Menu
MIC/LINE
MUTE
MIC/LINE
MUTE
DOWN UP
SET
ON/OFF ESC
SET
Main menu “Menu”
Sensitivity Frequency Preset Name Auto Lock Advanced Exit
UP SET DOWN
ON/OFF ESC
SK
Extended menu “Advanced Menu”
ew 100 G4
MHz
Setup
1
AF OUT BAL/UNBAL DATA
DATA
ANT II
DC IN
12V/300mA
+18dBu MAX
RF IN
12V/300mA
ANT I RF IN
2
AF OUT BAL/UNBAL DATA
DATA
ANT II
12V/300mA
+18dBu MAX
RF IN
548.100 1. 1 PEAK
40 0
ew100 G4
25 10
RF
-10
-20
-30 AF
P
MUTE
MHz
Squelch
Audio level (AF) Sensitivity Pilot tone
Mute
Battery
Peak hold
Audio level Sensitivity
Change frequency Frequency
548.100 MHz ew G4
AF MUTE
RF on Auto lock
Pilot tone

舒尔话筒说明书

Printed in U.S.A.
目录
ULX® 系统组成 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ULXS4 标准接收机功能部件和控制部件 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ULX® 无线系统用户指南
©2006, Shure Incorporated 27ZH8732ide率Ba灵nd敏FreUquHenFcy系Ag统ile UHF Systems 自Au动to 频Fre率qu选enc择y S（eleActFioSn (）AFS) 可Re靠lia、ble专, Pr业ofe的ss音ion质al Sound Quality 多Mu系lti-统Sy操ste作m Operation
前面板 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 后面板 .

案例分析印度博帕尔化学品泄漏事故讲解

4
1．事故背景事故工厂隶属于联合碳化公司（ Union Carbide Corporation ）在印度的一家合资公司，即联合碳化印度有限公司，联合碳化占该公司50.9% 的股份。
事故工厂始建于 1969年，从1980年起生产杀虫剂西维因（SEVIN ）。
投产初期由联合碳化总部委派了一名有良好安全意识和操作经验的雇员担任厂长，并且实现了 50万人工时无误工事故的优良安全纪录。
9
12月3日凌晨00时15分，储罐内压力迅速升高，有人在工艺区内发现了泄漏出的 MIC 。于是，一名操作人员前往现场查看，他听到储罐内发出隆隆声，并感受到来自储罐的辐射热，他立即尝试启动洗涤器，但没有成功。
凌晨00时45分，储罐超压、安全阀起跳，随即大量 MIC 泄漏到周围环境中。在 2h内，约25t MIC 进入大气中，工厂下风向 8km 内的区域都暴露在泄漏的化学品中，短时间内造成周围居民大量伤亡。事故发生后，应急反应系统没有有效运转，当地医院不知道泄漏的是什么气体，对泄漏气体可能造成的后果及急救措施也毫不了解。
3
甲基异氰酸酯性质简介：
名称：甲基异氰酸酯，又称为异氰酸甲酯，简称 MIC （methyl isocyanate ）。分子式：CH 3NCO ，分子量 57.06。物理性质：沸点39.1℃，蒸气密度 1.42，蒸气压 46.39kPa （348mmHg 20 ℃）。化学性质：容易与包含有活泼氢原子的化合物，如胺、水、醇、酸发生反应。与水反应生成甲胺、二氧化碳 ;在过量水存在时 , 甲胺再与 MIC 反应生成 1,3-二甲基脲 ,在过量MIC 时则形成 1,3,5三甲基缩二脲。这二个反应均为放热反应。遇碱分解。燃爆特性：闪点＜ -15℃(闭杯)，爆炸极限 5.3% ～26% ，自燃点 534℃。毒理学性质：本品属剧毒化学品。美国职业安全健康局（OSHA ）规定的 8h允许暴露极限浓度是 0.047mg/m 3。

NUC微控制器产品系列说明书

112 µA/MHz @ 正常模式 1.5 µA @ 掉电模式
M251 Feature
。 Arm® Cortex®-M23 。运行速度可达 48 MHz
M252 Feature
。 USB 2.0 全速设备无需外挂晶振
M253 Feature
。 USB 2.0 全速设备无需外挂晶振
。高达五路 UART 。 CAN FD x1
2
Low Power
TrustZone
AEC-Q100
Market Trend
随着电子应用对低功耗或电池供电的需求日益增加，现今的应用必须尽量降低能源消耗，甚至在极端情况下，可能需要倚赖单颗电池来维持长达 15 至 20 年运转
低功耗应用情景包含手持式设备、居家、 AIoT、IIoT (工业物联网) 等应用情景，使用范围十分广泛
(Programmable Serial I/O) • USB 2.0 全速装置无需外挂晶振 • 独立的 RTC 电源 VBAT 管脚
Highlight
• 支持 1.8 V ~ 5.5 V 串行接口，可连接不同电压装置
*USCI: Universal Serial Control Interface Controller
C
1.8 3.3 5 M253
CU
3.3 5 M071
1.8 3.3 5 M252
U
3.3 5 M051
1.8 3.3 5 M251
3.3 5 Mini51
3.3 5 3.3 5
1.8 3.3 Nano100
M480 M460 M471 M453 M452 M451
E CU E CU
U C
U
Arm9™

Adastra 1U 混音器和奴隶放大器说明书

1U Mixer-amps & Slave amps A121 Mixer-amp + USB/FM 120W 952.904A251 Mixer-amp + USB/FM 250W 952.906S121 Slave amp 120W 952.908S251 Slave amp 250W 952.911User ManualFeatures:∙ 2 Mixer-amp models and 2 Slave versions∙Transformer coupled output for 100V or 4-16Ω operation ∙USB/FM audio player on mixer-amp models∙Compact 1U rack-mount format∙Dual fan-cooled∙High efficiency toroidal transformers∙32V phantom power (switchable)Introduction:Thank you for choosing this Adastra 1U amplifier This product has been designed to offer reliable, high quality amplification for various installation and PA applications. In order to gain the best results from this equipment and avoid damage through misuse, please read and follow these instructions and retain for future reference.Warning:To prevent the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose any of the components to rain or moisture.If liquids are spilled on the surface, stop using immediately, allow unit to dry out and have checked by qualified personnel before further use.Avoid impact, extreme pressure or heavy vibration to the unit.There are no user serviceable parts inside the amplifier – refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.Safety ∙ Check that the mains lead is in good condition and that the supply voltage selector switch matches the supply voltage. ∙ Ensure signal leads and speaker cable(s) are in good condition ∙ Do not use the USB connector as a general purpose power source or charger. ∙ Do not allow any foreign particles or liquids to enter the amplifier through the cooling vents ∙ Do not cover or obstruct cooling vents or fan grilles.Placement ∙ Keep out of direct sunlight and away from heat sources. ∙ Keep away from damp or dusty environments. ∙ When rack-mounting, secure firmly in place and avoid positioning heavy items directly on top of the unit ∙ Ensure adequate access to controls and connections and pay attention to cooling air-flowCleaning ∙ Use a soft cloth with a neutral detergent to clean the housing as required ∙ Use a soft brush to clear debris from the cooling vents and connectors ∙ Do not use strong solvents for cleaning the unit.Front PanelRear PanelConnectionThe Adastra A-series mixer-amps and S-series slaves can drive EITHER 100V line OR 4-16Ω speakers. Both types of speaker should NOT be connected together to the same amplifier.100V Line Speakers100V line speakers must be connected using the “100V” and “COM” screw t erminals (23) on the rear panel. All 100V line wiring should be run with double-insulated cable rated to the max current for the system.For example, in a 250W system @ 100Vmax, 250W/100V=2.5A, so the speaker cable should be rated to 2.5A minimumEach speaker must be connected in a parallel chain and the total wattage for all speakers should not exceed 90% of the amplifier’s rated output. Please see the diagram below to show an example arrangement.CLow Impedance SpeakersIf standard low impedance (4Ω, 8Ω or 16Ω) speakers are being used, these should be connected to the 6.3mm output sockets on the rear panel using quality speaker jack leads. Both of these outputs are fed from the same amplifier section, which is mono. The minimum impedance of the total speaker load connected to either or both of these sockets must be no lower than 4Ω.The impedance is calculated using an inverse calculation as shown below._________1________ _________1________ _________1________Impedance Speaker 1 + Impedance Speaker 2 = Overall Impedance… therefore, for 2 speakers –each 8Ω impedance…_1_ _1_ _1_8Ω+ 8Ω= 4Ω… so the overall impedance is 4Ω for both speakers connected in parallel.The diagram below gives an example of this…Inputs – Slave amplifiersThe S121 and S251 slave amplifiers accept a LINE IN via 2 x RCA connectors at the rear and the same signal can be sent out to further amplifiers from the LINE OUT pair of RCA connectors. Since the amplifier is mono, all stereo inputs are summed together.Inputs – Mixer-amplifiersA microphone can be connected to MIC1 channel by either 6.3mm jack or XLR to the front panel combo input. If required, there is also a 6.3mm jack connection on the rear panel for MIC1 channel. A further microphone can be connected to MIC2 channel via a 6.3mm jack on the rear panel.Line inputs (e.g. CD, DVD, mp3 players) can be connected to LINE1 and LINE2 channels via pairs of RCA connectors on the rear panel. Alternatively, for the USB/FM/AUX channel, a stereo 3.5mm socket on the front panel can be used instead – ideal for portable mp3 players etc.There is also a USB type A connector on the front panel for playback of digital audio files stored on a USB pen. The overall mix can be connected to further amplifiers via the OUTPUT pair of RCA connectors.OperationWith all volume levels and VOX control turned down, connect the amplifier to the mains supply (ensure correct supply voltage) using a suitable IEC lead (as supplied) and switch POWER on.HIGH and LOW EQ controls should be initially set to the vertical “12 o’clock” position.If microphones are being used, turn up the MASTER control approximately half way and gradually increase MIC1 rotary level control whilst speaking into the microphone until the required volume is reached. Repeat for MIC2 volume control. Adjust HIGH and LOW EQ controls to alter the overall bass and treble response of both microphones as needed.For any line level devices connected to line input channels, adjust the LINE1 and LINE2 level controls in the same way as for the microphone channels. Overall tone of the line inputs (including the USB/FM/AUX) can be adjusted via the HIGH and LOW controls.For the USB/FM/AUX channel, pressing MODE toggles between the USB device, FM tuner or AUX input as a sound source. Turning the USB/FM/AUX level control increases the level of the playback through the amplifierFor the FM tuner, an initial channel search can be performed by pressing “CH –“ followed by “PLAY/PAUSE” .The USB/FM/AUX transport controls are as follows…The player status is indicated by a small backlit LCD screen to the immediate left of the transport buttons. For MIC channels priority, increasing the VOX control will cause the level of playback through the LINE orUSB/FM/AUX channels will be reduced when speaking into MIC1 or MIC2. Adjust this control to achieve therequired amount of “ducking” of the other channels when MIC channels are used.TroubleshootingNote: for further troubleshooting, refer equipment to qualified service personnel for testing© Adastra 2011。

MIC2250 评估板说明书

MIC2250 Evaluation BoardHigh Efficiency, Low EMI BoostRegulatorMicrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • General DescriptionThe MIC2250, a high efficiency, low EMI boost regulator is optimized for noise sensitive hand held battery powered applications. The proprietary control method allows low ripple across the output voltage and current ranges. Additionally, the MIC2250’s DITH function introduces a pseudo-random dithering of the switching frequency to reduce EMI levels by up to 10dB. The MIC2250 operates from an input voltage range of 2.5 to 5.5V. This board enables the evaluation of the MIC2250, a fully integrated, general purpose boost regulator with high efficiency over a wide load range. The board includes jumpers to allow manual setting of enable and dither functions. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at . RequirementsThe MIC2250 evaluation board requires an input power source that is able to deliver at least 3A over the desired input voltage range. For the load, a 10W, variable resistor is recommended or an electronic load (E-Load) capable of constant resistance setting can be used. Note that noise/EMI measurements must employ a resistive load as electronic loads can introduce noise at light loads.PrecautionsThe evaluation board does not have reverse polarityprotection. Applying a negative voltage to the VIN terminalmay damage the device.If the source cables are greater than 10cm long, anadditional input bulk capacitance is recommended to offsetany inductive components introduced by the cables. Inmost instances, a 100uF Tantalum capacitor is sufficient.The MIC2250 has a maximum input voltage rating of 6V therefore the supply voltage should never exceed this value.Getting Started1. Connect the input supply to the input terminals. Take note of the polarity to prevent damage. An ammeter can be used in-line with the VIN terminal to measure input current. The Input voltage should be measured at the input terminal to account for losses in the test leads and ammeter.2. Connect a load. Ensuring the Enable jumper (Ena) is in the open position; connect the load to the output terminals: Vo connects to the positive E-Load input or center/wiper connection of a variable resistor, GND connects to the negative E-Load input or the fixed end of a variable resistor. A low impedance ammeter can be connected in-line with the Vo terminal for current measurements. The output voltage should be measured at the evaluation boardterminals Vo and GND to measure converter efficiency.3. Select DITH operation. The evaluation board is providedwith a 100k (R4) pull-down resister connected to the DITH pin. The pull-down resistor will disable the dither function, to enable dithering, simply connect a jumper across the DITH pin header. The DITH pin should not be left floating, removing the DITH jumper and pull-down resistor will cause the MIC2250 to operate in an unknown state. 4. Power and Enable the MIC2250. Turn on the input supply and E-load (if applicable). Note that Vin minus one diode drop will be seen at the output terminals, this isexpected as the Schottky diode D1 always connects Vin toVout.The evaluation board is provided with a 100k (R3) pull-down resister connected to the enable pin. The pull-downresistor provides a default disable state to the MIC2250until a jumper is connected across the ENA pin header.The EN pin can not be left floating, removing the pull-downresistor, R3, and jumper will cause the MIC2250 to operate in an indeterminate state.Ordering InformationPart NumberDescriptionMIC2250YML EVHigh Efficiency, Low EMI Boost Regulator Evaluation BoardEvaluation Board DescriptionBy default, the board includes feedback resistors set to give a nominal voltage of 15V at up to 300mA. The output voltage can be set between the limits of VIN and 32V. A list of common voltages and suitable components are shown below.V OUT R1 R2 5V 90.9k 30.1k 9V 102k 16.2k 12V 243k 28k15V 910k 82k 18V 1.07M 78.7k 24V 1.37M 75k 30 1.47M 63.4kThe equation for calculating R2 given a particular value of R1 and desired output voltage is:124.1112−×=VVOUTR RThe suggested values for R1 are shown below. In situations where the input voltage is less than 5V, afeedforward capacitor may be added to improve transient performance.Diode selectionFor most applications with output voltages under 12V, a Schottky diode is recommended. However, at higher output voltages, a standard diode may deliver greater efficiency. This is due to the higher reverse leakage current of a Schottky diode becoming significant at higher voltages and especially at high operating temperatures.V OUT Suggested max.R1C FF 5V < VOUT < 10V ~100k Ω 4.7nF 10V < VOUT < 15V ~240k Ω 2.2nF 15V < VOUT < 32V~1.5M Ω470pFEvaluation Board PerformanceEvaluation Board SchematicL1EnaDithBill of MaterialsItem Part number Manufacturer Description Quantity GRM21BR60J106M Murata(1)C2012X5R0J106K TDK(2)Capacitor, 10uF, 6.3V, X5R, size 0805 1 C108056D106KAT AVX(3)VJ0805G106KXYAT Vishay(4)C2 Optional GRM21BR61E225KA12L Murata(1)Capacitor, 2.2uF, 25V, X5R, size 0805 1 C308053C225MAT AVX(3)C2012X5R1E225K TDK(2)D1 SL04 Vishay(4)Schottky diode, 40V, 1A, size SMF 1 VLF5014AT-100MR92 TDK(2)Inductor, 10uH, 1.1A, 4.5x4.5x1.4mm1 L1LPS4018-103MLB Coilcraft(5)Inductor, 10uH, 1.3A, 3.9x3.9x1.7mmCDRH4D28C-100NC Sumida(6)Inductor, 10uH, 1.25A, 5.1x5.1x3mm R1 CRCW0603910KFKEYE3 Vishay Dale(4)Resistor, 910K, 1%, 1/16W, size 0603 1 R2 CRCW060382K0FKEYE3 Vishay Dale(4)Resistor, 82K, 1%, 1/16W, size 0603 1 R3,R4 CRCW06031003FKEYE3 Vishay Dale(4)Resistor, 100K, 1%, 1/16W, size 0603 2 U1 MIC2250YML Micrel, Inc(7)High Efficiency, Low EMI boost regulator 1 Notes:1. Murata: 2. TDK: 3. AVX: 4. Vishay: 5. Coilcraft: 6. Sumida: 7. Micrel, Inc.: PCB LayoutTop SilkscreenTop LayerBottom SilkscreenBottom Layer。

AS-12系列产品性能参数汇总

AS-12系列产品性能参数汇总Contents⼗分区寻呼器 AS-1210P (2)寻呼麦克风 AS-1210R (3)前置放⼤器 AS-1211P (4)监听器 AS-1212M (5)双五路⼗分区器 AS-1213B (5)⼗分区矩阵器 AS-1213D (6)警报器 AS-1215E (7)定时器 AS-1216T (8)市话接⼝ AS-1218I (9)邻层报警器 AS-1219A (10)强插电源 AS-1220S (11)主备功放切换器 AS-1221M (12)时序电源控制器 AS-1228S (13)⾳频矩阵 AS-1248S (14)功放 (14)⼗分区寻呼器 AS-1210P性能特点(1)10分区寻呼报警功能(2)⾳频信号采⽤优质平衡传输连接技术(3)⾳频信号、控制信号采⽤双绞线同缆实时传输连接技术(4)采⽤专业级钟声提⽰⾳⾳效电路技术(5)具有四级优先权设计，分别为：本机MIC 1、钟声提⽰⾳为最⾼优先级，紧急⾳频信号（EMC）为第⼆级，寻呼麦克风1（MIC1）为第三级，寻呼麦克风2、3、4 （RMIC 2、3、4）和线路（AUX）为第四级(6)采⽤地址拨码，同时最多8台分区寻呼器相连接(7)15针电脑激活接⼝，低电平报警激活性能规格表寻呼麦克风 AS-1210R性能特点(1)具有8个分区寻呼器选择按键和10个分区选择键,能够对80个分区进⾏远程寻呼(2)具有全开,全关按键便于操作(3)具有⼀个鹅颈式麦克风和麦克风控制键,⾳频信号采⽤平衡传输⽅式,具有信号质量和传输距离(4)具有⼀个输出⼝,传输线采⽤屏蔽双绞线,同时传输⾳频信号的控制信号,⽅便安装前置放⼤器AS-1211P功能描述：(1)多种、多个输⼊/输出⼝：5个话筒输⼊⼝；3个线路输⼊⼝；2个紧急输⼊⼝；4个输出⼝。

(2)各通道独⽴⾳量控制(3)⾼⾳和低⾳⾳调控制(4)⾃动默⾳（0-30dB)(5)紧急输⼊⽆⾳量控制设备型号AS-1211P话筒输⼊（MIC）MIC1 : 600 ohms(?) 5mV,不平衡MIC2 : 600 ohms(?) 5mV,不平衡MIC3 : 600 ohms(?) 5mV,不平衡MIC4 : 600 ohms(?) 5mV,不平衡MIC5 : 600 ohms(?) 5mV,不平衡话筒输⼊（EMC）EMC1 : 10K ohms(?) 330mV,不平衡EMC2 : 10K ohms(?) 330mV,不平衡线路输出 1.0V频率响应60Hz ~ 15k Hz (± 3dB)⾮线性失真THD < 0.01% at 1k Hz信号噪声⽐S/N >70 dB⾳调调整BASS:100 Hz(± 10 dB),TREBLE:12K Hz(± 10 dB)默⾳抑制能MIC输⼊时，MIC2~MIC5、EMC1~EMC2、AUX1~AUX3信号衰减0~30 dB;EMC1~EMC2输⼊时，MIC2~MIC5、AUX1~AUX3信号衰减0~30 dB功能控制⾳量调节⼋个,⾼、低调节各⼀个,电源开关⼀个指⽰灯POWER保护AC FUSE X 0.5A X 1电源线(3 X 0.75mm ) X 1.5M (标准）电源AC 220V / 50 Hz电源消耗10~15W机器尺⼨89(H) X 483(W) X 366(D)mm包装箱尺⼨185(H) X 520(W) X 435(D)mm净重 5.96kg⽑重7.62kg监听器 AS-1212M功能描述：(1)10个通道供任意选通(2)5个单元LED电平指⽰(3)监听⾳量可调(4)内置监听扬声器设备型号AS-1212M输⼊70V/100V(功放输出⾳频信号)频率响应100 Hz~16 Hz ±3.5dB总谐波失真THD<0.51/3 Khz信号噪声⽐S/N>70 dB可监听通道数⼗路(CH1-CH10)监听扬声器内置⾼保真HiFi 5W 全频扬声器功能控制电源开关⼀个,⼿动旋转选择开关(0-10)⼀个,监听⾳量调节⼀个指⽰灯POWER, -8dB, -5dB, -2.5dB, -0.5dB, 0dB,保护保险管 F0.5 A电源线(3×0.75mm2)× 1.5M (标准)电源AC 220V/50Hz电源消耗10~15W机器尺⼨89(H)×483(W)×366(D)mm包装箱尺⼨185(H)×520(W)×435(D)mm净重 6.34kg⽑重7.88kg双五路⼗分区器 AS-1213B功能描述：(1)2路输⼊(A和B),10通道输出，每路功率输⼊负载5个区域(2)10个通道分区可以任意选取通.性能规格表⼗分区矩阵器 AS-1213D功能描述(1)2路输⼊(A和B),10通道输出,有强⾏插⼊功能切换通道功率⾳频信号(2)15针紧急警报激活⼝,10路报警信号输⼊,低电平报警激活.(3)当有警报信号输⼊时,相应通道⾃动切换到通道B,并且输出两路短路激活报警信号.警报器 AS-1215E功能描述(1)⾃动触发报警,输出消除报警声或预先固化的语⾳信号(2)60秒钟数字录/放语⾳IC,可擦可写(3)录/放电平可控定时器 AS-1216T功能描述(1)AP-9816T是⼀款功能强⼤的电源定时控制器,采⽤中⽂液晶显⽰,可定时控制五路电源输出,1路短路定时输出；(2)可以设置节假⽇,使定时操作⾮常灵活,单键飞梭的使⽤操作更加⽅便快捷,可以帮你实现各种定时电源控制功能.性能规格表设备型号AS-1216T五路受控电源插座电源输⼊总容量:AC220V,每个插座电流输出最⼤1A输出容量警报激活输⼊⼝⼀个警报激活输出⼝⼀个警报激活电平(0V)短路信号⼀个钟声输出⼝(CHIME)操作显⽰⽅式液晶屏显⽰,全中⽂、功能操作菜单可控制电源输出五路,每个插座平均可分配承受负载能⼒220W(1A)功能控制单键飞梭⼀个,电源开关⼀个,⼿动控制开关五个(CH1-CH6).指⽰灯POWER,CH1~CH6.保护AC FUSE X 6A X 1电源线(3×0.75mm2)× 1.5M (标准)电源AC 220V / 50 Hz电源消耗10~15W机器尺⼨89(H)×483(W)×366(D)mm包装箱尺⼨185(H)×520(W)×435(D)mm净重 6.46kg⽑重8kg市话接⼝ AS-1218I性能特点(1)本机是公共⼴播系统的配套设备,可将市话转换⼊⼴播系统，具有电话线路输⼊，⾳频输出接⼝。

奥硝唑氯化钠注射液0.25

8% 6%
0
替硝唑组
奥硝唑组
两组不良反应发生率无显著性差异（P>0.05）。奥硝唑主要不良反应为恶心、胃部不适、食欲不振，无需特殊处理。
实验室检查
结果显示，两组在白细胞总数及分布上治疗前后均
有变化，但在正常范围内。
肝肾功能、大小便常规检查治疗前后对比均无明显变化。
3. 奥硝唑治疗滴虫性阴道炎
细菌学疗效评价
厌氧菌
厌氧消化链球菌产黑色素拟杆菌
奥硝唑组（19株）甲硝唑组（19株）
株数清除未清除
8 4 6 4 2 0
株数清除未清除
8 4 6 4 2 0
黑色消化球菌
粘液真杆菌韦荣氏球菌丙酸杆菌总计百分率（%）
3
1 2 1 19
3
1 1 1 16 84.2
0
0 1 0 3 15.8
诚请各位提宝贵意见
Logo
目的：对奥硝唑注射剂治疗滴虫性阴道炎进行评价，促进合理用药。
方法：168例滴虫性阴道炎患者随机分组为治疗组（86例）和对照组（ 82例）, 治疗组用奥硝唑,首剂静脉滴注0.5~1g，以后每12h滴注0.5g，疗程7d，对照组用甲硝唑静滴，1次500mg，8h 1次每次滴注1h，疗程7d。
奥硝唑治疗滴虫性阴道炎临床疗效
体外抗厌氧菌活性
细菌
魏氏梭状芽孢杆菌A325a
败血梭状芽孢杆菌A150 诺维氏梭状芽胞杆菌A144 胞弱拟杆菌DF-B1
MIC (mg/ml)
甲硝唑 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.78 奥硝唑 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.78
体外抗原虫活性
原虫
阴道滴虫阿米巴原虫
MIC (μg/ml) 甲硝唑 0.75 / 奥硝唑 0.25 15

DSP-680说明书2012 3 30

13.断电装置—本机的断电装置为插头，请将本机放在易拔插的位置。

一、本机特点 (1)二、遥控器示意图 (1)三、面板名称及其功能介绍 (2)四、背板名称及其功能介绍 (3)五、系统连接简图 (3)六、主菜单功能介绍.........................................七、话筒与音乐菜单功能介绍...........................................(4-6)八、基本操作方法.....................................................(7-9)九、维护与保养 (10)十、本机的解决方法................................................(10)十一、主要技术指标....................................................(11)十二、安全防护类别. (11)............故障(4)目录OK OK OK 本机器是一款高性能的数字立体声混响和多用途的卡拉效果器，话筒参数包括效果音量、延时时间、EQ及高低通滤波器调节等。

它是一款应市场需求而特别设计的，可应用于任何形式的演唱环境或各类中高档演艺厅和卡拉包房等娱乐场所及家用卡拉机。

●采用专业的DSP 数字处理芯片，配合液晶显示屏，使其具有强大灵活的数字编辑和操作功能，操作界面更人性化灵活轻松。

●多组平衡/非平衡输出（左右声道/超低音/中置等），可以灵活搭配后级功率放大器。

●本机特别设计的防啸叫电路，配合微电脑可以让用户自由选择啸叫抑制工作模式，在一定程度上防止音响设备的损坏。

●为达到唱歌时能够更好的体现话筒原音，特设“增强话筒原音开关”。

●本机提供了自动房间声场校正功能，方便了客户安装调试。

●自动低音控制，当话筒有信号时，自动关闭低音通道音乐声。

12 连续按动此键，音乐音量增加或减小。

高效率,不干扰FM收音扩音器电路应用MIX2008

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R2 102
AINL LED屏 1
ANT C1 100P C2 47P
EXT_SCL EXT_SDA L1
105 C4 1 2 3 4 5 GND LOUT FMINROUT GND GND SCL VDD SDA CLK 10 9 8 7 6 105 FM_CLK
R1 2M
R3 2R2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
11 10 9 822 C42 332 C43 103 822 C41 R25 10K R26 10K
3
D
C44 CAP
Q3 3904
1
2
3
RING
5V
Q1 2 MOSFET 3N D S
C15 106
C17 C21 104 1 C16 2
R21 16 10K
MIC
U8B OPAMP-3P 7 R R83 47K C87 100P 100K MIC OUT
g-
te
ch
GND
MODE
.c om
MIX2008 3W 单通道 F 类音频功率放大器
订货信息
料号封装表面印字包装
MIX2008
SOP8
MIX2008 XXXXXXX
2500颗/卷
绝对最大额定值
VDD VI TA TJ TSTG TSLD 供电电压输入电压工作温度结温储存温度焊接温度 -0.3V to 6V
X_TEST_MODE X_DATA9 X_DATA8 X_DATA5 X_DATA2 X_DATA1 X_DATA0 CARD_CMD CARD_DAT CARD_CLK X_RESET VTOP