综合学术英语教程练习答案

Unit TwoTask1Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication1.Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below.1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO( theincrease ofpopulation, the demolition of trees, etc.)3) COis a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.4) Classif ication helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the partsof a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a cleardefinition.5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principleof classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, thecategories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping isallowed.Reading1Causes for Global WarmingTask2Understanding Lectures through ClassificationListening11.Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tev er y ou believ e is impor tant, especiallytheclassif ica tions of key terms.Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.e y our notes.Decide if the sta tements below ar e true(T)or false(F).Then justifyy our answ ers,in the space pr ovided,b y giving evidence fr om the talk.1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F3.Listen again,paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below.Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict4.Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y.Then r etell the lectur e toy our par tner.There are two interesting ideas in Freud ’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person ’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle ”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle ”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.Task 3 Reading Classif ication ArticlesReading 2 Renewable Energy Sources —A Brief Summary1. W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of 3—4 students . Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2 and discuss the f ollowing questions .1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). 2)√ T he purpose of using renewable energy sources. √ T he classification of renewable energy sources.√T he examples of different types of renewable energy sources. √ T he advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.√ T he history of the use of different energy sources. □ How energy is obtained from various sources.3) I will write:(1) The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. Read the f ollowing questions and scan Reading 2 f or their answ ers .1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the sun ’s rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.4) Sailors, farmers and architects.5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that canbe harmful to the environment.6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turnpowers a generator thus generating electricity.8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.3.Ma tch the tar get wor ds with the de f initions below.You may inf er their meaningfr om context.1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geother) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute10) q. radiant11) i. 12) t. 13) k. 14) d. 15) g. definit16) n. install17) e. 18) m. 19) o. 20) c. blade4.F or open discussionReading3Types of Pollution5.Read the de f initions below and choose the wor ds tha t f it these de f initions.1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulati6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 1011) hazardous12) 13) vapor14) decay15) erosion16) disrupt17) 18) underground19) 20) combat6.Ma tch each paragr aph with its main idea.7.Decide which of the sta tements can be inferr ed fr om Reading3,and then write down the numberof the paragr aph(s)fr om which y our answer most pr obably comes,leaving the explicit or false sta tements unnumbered,but using E or F r espectiv ely to indica te tha t they.ar e explicit or false. Discuss y our answ ers with a par tnerTask4Writing an Essay of Classif icationReading4Types of Sustainability1.F ill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the suppor ting details.5.Study the f ollowing models,and then par aphr ase the sentences below b y changing the orderof a structur e.The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as diff er ent as possible in structur e and as f ormal as possible in style.1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing,despite the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference betweeneducation and training.) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time issusceptible to malignantmelanoma.5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academicstudies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the processof US territorial expansion.8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.Integrated Exercises2.Ma tch each wor d in the box with the gr oup of wor ds tha t r egularly occur with it in all cases.1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5)capture6) distribute 7) assert 8) yield 9) internal 10)emergence11) adherence 12) disrupt3.F o r each of the sentences below,write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaningto the original sentence,but as diff er ent as possible in v ocabular y and structur e and as f ormal as possible in style.You ar e r e quired to use the wor d s giv en in capital letters.And then compar e them with y our partner’s.1) Internet access is available in students’ dormitory.2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with hugeaccomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for seanavigation.4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan arouses fierce protests of thelocal residents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measuresare not taken.6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/herarguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreigncompetition.10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened lifeexpectancy.5.T r ansla te the f ollowing sentences into English b y using the phr ase above.Make sur etha t y our English sentences ar e as f ormal as possible.Then compar e them with y ourpartner’s to see whose v ersion is mor e f ormal.1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regions to combat the poorconditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals, has a measurable effect on the general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness. 6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which has deteriorated constantly in the modern time, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were amazed at how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source. 10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.Listening2A.Listen,note down the impor tant ideas and details,and then decide whether the f ollowingsta tements ar e true or e T f or true and F f or false.(1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) FB.Listen car e f ully,and then answer the f ollowing questions brie f ly with the informa tion fr omthe lectur e.(1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth andself-actualization. (2) The lower one.(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchaseessentials. (4) The love and belonging needs.(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with theopinions of other people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.C.Listen again and write a shor t summar y of the lectur e.This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisf ied f irst. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness.Esteem needs ref lect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment;if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self- actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacitiesand talents.Listening3A.Listen,note down the impor tant ideas and details,and then choose the best answerto thef ollowing questions fr om the f our choices giv en.(1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) BB.Listen again f ocusing on the specif ic informa tion,and then f ill in the blanks withthe missing wor ds.classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically, alludes to, building up, immune system, creeping up, shuffling, infect, rip through, hospitalizations.C.Listen again and answer the f ollowing questions.(1) B C E(2) ① ABC ② AB ③ AB ④ AB ⑤ ABC ⑥ C ⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩AC。