初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题
阅读理解题分析及解答方法(3)
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[ 例三原文] Johan Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He changed to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a business lawyer in Miami, Florida. 从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落 的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是什么呢？通过仔细阅读 和理解每个句子的意思之后，我们便可领悟，作者想告诉读者的 是：Johan Bingham received an excellent education. 所以说这 种文章（或段落）只能从文章的字里行间去理解作者的意图，这 样才能推断出文章的主旨大意。
4).The main purpose of the passage?
5). What’s the best title of the passage?
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推断短文的主旨大意题是阅读测试中测定学生阅读能 力经常出现的一种题，也是学生感到最为棘手、最容 易出错的题。主旨推断题要求学生具有很强的话语篇 章把握能力和分析能力，能够从全局的角度对文章括 以总领，梳清脉络。可以说，对阅读理解主旨题的把 握能力决定了阅读这个整体题项的成败，它也是衡量 阅读水平高低的一个重要标尺。
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Then the days got shorter. Leaves fell from the trees. My child was a university student, and then an engineer. My home was much quieter. I started walking more slowly. One day I stopped working. I had more time. I understood this was my autumn, a beautiful time when the trees change color and give us delicious fruits. But the days kept getting shorter and colder. Winter has come. I am older and weaker. I know I do not have many days let, but I will enjoy them to the end.
初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意
主题句在段中或篇中-3:In spite of the fact that cars from Germa y and Japan are-flooding the American market,Ford,Gen ral Motors and-Chrysler are employing more workers th n ever before.The-flood of cheaper foreign cars has n t cast American autoworkers-their jobs as some expert predicted.Ford operates as far as Asia,-and General otors is considered Australian's biggest employer.-Ye General Motors has its huge American work force andmploys hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an-insatiable不能满足的society..-Question:Which of the ollowing statements best expresses the main idea of t e paragraph-A.GM is one of the largest car producers. B-Ford operates not only in the U.S.A.,but also in As a.-The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of A erican autoworkers.-The flood of the cheaper foreign ars is terrible for American autoworkers.-take sth.aw y of sb.和cast sb.sth.的意思相似
初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题
汇报人：
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汇报人：
01 添 加 目 录 文 本
02 主 旨 大 意 题 概 述
主旨大意题的解题 03 技 巧
主旨大意题的常见 04 误 区
主旨大意题的提升 05 方 法
主旨大意题真题解 06 析
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主旨大意题概述
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主旨大意题是初中英语阅读理解中的一种题型主要考察学生对文章整体内容的理解和把握能力。
积累词汇和语法知识提高语言基础 水平
学会分析文章结构把握文章主旨
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掌握阅读技巧提高阅读速度和准确 度
多做练习熟悉题型和解题方法
主旨大意题真题解析
题目：阅读下列短文回答问题。 内容：提供一篇初中英语阅读理解文章 题目要求：回答文章的主旨大意 解析：分析文章结构提炼文章主题总结文章大意并给出正确答案及解析
强化推理判断能力：通过大量阅读提高对文章深层含义的把握和推理分析能力有助于更准确地理解文章主旨。 培养分析问题的能力：在解题过程中要学会分析题目要求和文章结构把握文章重点从而快速准确地找到答案。
积累词汇和语法知识：扎实的词汇和语法基础是理解文章的关键平时要注意积累相关知识点。
练习解题技巧：掌握解题步骤和技巧如先看问题再阅读文章重点阅读文章首尾段和转折句等有助于提高解题效率。
应用文：理解应用文的目的和要求
主旨大意题的提升方法
增加词汇量 掌握语法结构 了解文化背景 练习阅读技巧
记叙文：关注时间、地点、人物和事件理解作者的情感和观点 议论文：抓住论点、论据和结论理解作者的观点和立场 说明文：分析文章结构和层次理解事物的发展过程和特点 散文：体会作者情感和语言风格理解文章主题和意境
中考英语阅读理解各题型技巧归纳
中考英语阅读理解各题型技巧归纳阅读习惯是在阅读过程中表现出来的行为特征,是在长期的阅读实践中形成的。
那么接下来给大家分享一些关于中考英语阅读理解各题型技巧归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。
中考英语阅读理解各题型技巧归纳一、主旨题主旨题主要测试学生对文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能力。
在初中阶段，有关这类题的常见提问方式为：What is the main idea of this passage?What is the best title of this passage?在处理这类问题时，通常采用快读方法，先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，因为这样可以使注意力集中于文章的整体思路及要点之间的联系，而较慢的阅读会使你过分注意细节，甚至个别词，因而影响对主题的概括。
特别要注意仔细阅读开头段和结尾段，因为大多数文章的中心思想都出现在这两段里。
二、细节题细节题主要测试学生识别阅读材料中的具体事实和细节的能力。
考生必须特别注意作者在陈述中谈到的是何人、何事、何处、何时、何故，要在有关此类问题的地方适当做标记(比如人物名较多就用圈画出，时间名词较多就用波浪线，地点名词较多就用方框等等)，以便在回答问题时迅速查找。
三、词义题词义题主要是检测学生在具体文章中，根据上下文理解某个词或某个短语的意义的能力。
遇到这类试题，可从以下三方面入手：1. 通过上下文的种.种提示来准确猜出这个词的含义。
2. 一个单词可以通过前缀、后缀、合成等形式派生出来很多单词，因此可以根据构词法辨认其中的词根的含义，就可以判断出其派生、转化或复合词的其他词义。
3. 如果遇到非常熟悉的词汇，一定要尽量撇开其基本含义，注意其引申的意义。
四、推断题推断题主要考查学生透过文章的表面文字信息，进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。
一要抓住选项与选项之间的不同，二要在文中找出与选项对应的内容进行对比。
五、观点态度题观点态度题主要考查学生通过掌握主题思想和具体事实，对作者的观点和态度做出合理推断的能力。
初中英语阅读理解常考题型
常见提问方式：给出一段文本，要求推断作者的意图或观点
解题技巧：分析文本中的关键词、语气和上下文语境，理解作者的意图和表达方式
注意事项：不要过度推断，要基于文本内容进行推理，避免主观臆断 练习方法：多做真题，熟悉不同题型的提问方式和解题技巧
判断推理顺序题
常见提问方式：例如，“The best order of the events is…”，或者“Which is the correct order of the events given in the passage?”
初中英语阅读理解主旨大意题
初中英语阅读理解主旨⼤意题(1)“You're just in time, Joe. We're going to play cowboys（⽜仔）and Indians, and you can be the Indians. ”One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said.“How many Indians?”I asked.“Oh, about a thousand. ”He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group of cowboys behind. The shouts of “After them. Let's catch the killers!”and other such TV play language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car．“We've got him, boys. Let's go and catch him!”But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look.Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（绳⼦）, and we can burn him. ”“Only Indians burn people. Cowboys.”I stopped just in time. I had almost said, “Cowboys hang（绞死）people. ”I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called, “We're leaving now. ”“Untie me.”I shouted. ”We're going.“Why did Bobby want matches（⽕柴）?”Mum asked when we were in the car. “He was asking Dad whether he had any. ”“oh, he was just going t matches? MA TCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches”Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more.1．How many children played the Indians? [ ]A．One thousandB．One hundredC．One groupD．One2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______. [ ]A．there were not enough children four the gameB．the game was just going to startC．none of his cousins wanted to be the IndiansD．they were waiting for Joe3．Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.”Because______. [ ]A．he was tied to a treeB．that would make things worseC．he was caught by the cowboysD．that would make the cowboys angry4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ]A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches.C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father.D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches.5．The name of the story should he“______.”[ ]A．Joe and his cousinsB．Who knows what danger is waiting thereC．Cowboys and Indians is a favourite children's gameD．How cowboys and Indians fought in the pastDCBAB(2)In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.1. Why do people in England often talk about the weather?A. Because they may have four seasons in one dayB. Because they often have very good weatherC. Because the weather is warm just like in springD. Because the sky is sunny all day2. From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.A. sunshine and snowB. black cloudsC. summer and winterD. spring and autumn3. "People can also have summer in winter." Means "it is sometimes too ______in winter."A. warmB. coolC. coldD. rainy4. In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.A. their friends ask them to do soB. it often rains in EnglandC. they are going to sell them5. The best title (标题)for this passage is ________.A. Bad SeasonsB. Summer or WinterC. The Weather in EnglandD. Strange English PeopleKEY: ABABC(3)To find out whether bees（蜜蜂）can see colours, the following experiment is made. A round table is put in a garden, and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard（硬纸版）with a drop of syrup（糖浆）on it. After a short time, bees come to the syrup. The bees then fly to their hive（蜂房）and give the syrup to other bees in the hive. Then they return to the feeding-place which they have found. After a while, the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away. Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right. These new cards have no syrup on them. Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card. None go to the red card.Picture 11. How many cards do you need to prepare for the experiment?A. Two: one blue and one redB. Three: two blue and one redC. Three: one blue and two redD. Four: two blue and two red2. If Picture 1 below shows the table top during Step 1 of the experiment, which of A, B, C,D in Picture 2 shows the table top during Step 2?Picture 23. During Step 2 of the experiment, the bees go to ________.A. the blue card with syrup on itB. the new blue card with no syrup on itC. the empty space where the original（原先的）blue card wasD. the new blue card with syrup on it on the left of the red card4. The experiment has proved（证明）that bees ________.A. cannot see colorsB. can see colorsC. can not see blueD. cannot see red5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Bees Love BlueB. Bees Love SyrupC. Bees, Color and SyrupNow satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（⼤⽓）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（⽓象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（⽐较）them with earlierones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.1. Satellites travel _____________.A. in spaceB. in the atmosphereC. above the groundD. above space2. Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.A. the weather satellites can do it easilyB. clouds form thereC. the weather forms thereD. the pictures can forecast the weather3. Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.A. when they have received satellite picturesB. after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier onesC. before they received satellite picturesD. during they study satellite pictures4. Maybe we’ll soon b e able to forecast the weather for ________.A. one dayB. two daysC. five daysD. seven days or even longer5. The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.A. taking pictures of the atmosphereB. receiving pictures of the atmosphereC. doing other work in many waysSnow fell on the mountain. It snowed and snowed. The snow did not melt（融化）. It became deep and heavy. The snow on the bottom pressed （挤压）together., it became ice.The ice was very wide and thick. It began to move down the mountain. It was like a river of ice. It was a glacier（冰河）. Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches（英⼨）each day. As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it. It changed the land. In some places, it left hills. In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Glaciers covered many parts of the world. The glaciers changed the land. Glaciers are still at work today. A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path（路）down the side of a mountain. This glacier will change the land, too.1. The snow that fell on the mountainA. became snowmanB. meltedC. became iceD. turned to rain2. The word in the story that means a river of ice is __________.3. The story says, “The snow did not melt. It became deep and heavy”. The word it means ____.4. Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?A. There are not as many glaciers as there used to beB. Glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.C. Glaciers are found only in warm places.5. How fast did the glacier move? (Which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)A. Sometimes the glacier moved only once a year.B. Sometimes the glacier moved over ten miles each day.C. Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day.6. The main idea of the whole story is that _______.A. snow is heavyB. the high land never changesC. glaciers changed the landKey: 1.C 2. glacier 3.snow 3.A 4.C 5.C(6)A Leg Walking RightHere are some signs + - x…, the signs are very different. They mean very different things. When you see them, you know what to do. This sign + means that you will add some numerals. This sign—means that you will take one numeral away from another. You will subtract（减去）. What will you do when you see x and… ?Our signs are easy to read. They are easy signs to remember. Look at these two signs… .The ancient Egyptians used these signs. A picture of a leg walking to the left told them to add some numerals. A picture of a leg walking to the right told them toIn the 1500s people used this printed（印刷的）sign & to add numerals. After a while the sign began to look like this….Later, the sign became +.How much is 2…2?1. What do you do when you see this sign +?A. Walk awayB. Write a numeralC. Read a signD. Add2. The word in the story that means to take one numeral away from another is _____.3. The story says, “Our signs are easy to read. They are easy signs to remember”. The word they means ______.4. Which of the following does this story lead to believe?A. Egyptians could not add numerals togetherB. All Egyptians had two left legs.C. Our signs are not hard to understand5. What did the sign to add numerals begin to look like(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book)?A. After a while, the sign began to look like this… .B. After a while, the sign began to look like this +.C. After a while, the sign began to look like this &.6. The main idea of the whole story is that ______.A. the signs for adding and subtracting have changed.B. People could not write in the 1500sC. the old signs were good for Egyptians but not for usKey: 1.D 2.substract 3.signs 4.C 5.A 6.A(7)Mexico's neighbours are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 metres). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day. About thirty million people live there. It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.Mexico also has its specialities. Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙⼈掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country.(Words: 161 Minutes: 3 )1. Mexico is ____the USA.A. on the south ofB. on the north ofD. as large as2. Mexicans speak______.A. English C. FrenchB. Spanish D. Latin(拉丁语)3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico.B. The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.C. Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.D. Mexico City is the highest city in the world.4. Tomatoes were originally (最初) grown in ______.A. AmericaB. SpainC. TokyoD. Mexico5. The best title (题⽬) of the passage is ___.A. Mexico CityB. Mexico's plantsC. MexicoD. Mexico's population[Key] 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C(8)Australia has a lot of lovely animals . You cannot find them anywhere else in the world . The most famous ones are kangaroos and koalas.The kangaroo is the symbol of Australia.They have large eyes and eats . They don't walk, they jump.They use their strong back legs . They can jump at 74 kilometres per hour . They can go over nine metres in one jump . Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. The babies stay inside to get milk and keep warm.Kangaroos are everywhere in Australia . They are on TV, in books and in the shops . But do you know that millions of kangaroos are killed every year?There are too many of them . There are about 20 to 25 million kangaroos in Australia. That's more than the number of people in the counery. Some kangaroos go humgry because there is not enough food to eat . They break into farms for food Farmers are very angry with them.The koala is another famous Australian animal . They look like bears , and have small eyes and big noses. They eat leaves from gum trees.Koalas have a.They use it to mark their home----"This is my place,you can't come in!" like kangaroos,a koala baby lives in its mother's pouch,too.（）1.If we want to see kangaroos and koalas in natural forests. we can go to________.A.ChinaB.FranceC.AustraliaB.It has big eyes and ers.C.It has small eyes and big noses.（）3.The work "pouch" means__________.A.育⼉袋B。
初中英语阅读理解题的解题技巧
提问方式：
It can be inferred from the text that ______. From the text we know that ______. With which of the following does the author agree？ Which of the following might happened late The passage is probably taken from a ________ .
初中英语 阅读理解题的解题技巧
考点分析归纳：
主旨大意 细节理解 猜测词义 推理判断
一 主旨大意题
考查学生对文章主题或中心思想 的领会和理解能力。
提问方式：
1）问标题
What is the main topic of the passage？ The best title for the passage is ______.
futile
徒劳的
技巧 6 根据常识、经验猜生词
The old man put on his spectacles and began to read．
spectacles 老花镜
技巧 7 根据构词法猜测词义
He has renamed the restaurant “Paradise”. rename 重新起名，改名
容易选错的干扰项：
选项中意思虽然与原文相符，但是只是涉及一 些细枝末节，不符合题干。
选项内容与原文无关, 或者是对文章内容作了 张冠李戴的处理。
选项是对原文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出 的结论。
选项的内容纯属主观臆断得出的结论，文章根 本没有提及。
解题策略：
做这类题目时，大家必须透过文章的字 面意思，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵， 体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。找出 作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露 作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行 符合逻辑的推理。
中考英语阅读理解主旨大意省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件
24/38
“词义猜测”题解题技巧：
forests all around Lake
Ponkapog, so rainwater
was clean.
In the past, Lake
Ponkapog was
surrounded(围绕)by_D__.
A.fish
B. rain
B.birds
D. forests
23/38
3.对词义或句意考查
TRUE/NOT true? 20/38
“事实认定”题解题技巧： 先找出题干或是选项中关键字，普通为数
字、大写或人名地名，再经过快速阅读确定该 细节在文中出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要 求，排除或选择。 友情提醒：
命题者惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”手法 来“迷惑”考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截 取原文词语或结构进行改造，所以正确了解题 干和信息句意义是关键。
一、《新课标》要求是什么？
❖ 能依据上下文和构词法推断、了解生词含义； ❖ 能了解段落中各句子之间逻辑关系； ❖ 能找出文章主题，了解故事情节，预测故事情节发
展和可能结局； ❖ 能读懂常见体裁阅读材料； ❖ 能依据不一样阅读目标、利用简单阅读策略获取信
息； ❖ 能利用词典等工具进行学习； ❖ 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计到达15万词义上。
5/38
怎样提升阅读整篇文章了解能力和 速度
1.提升阅读能力 2.提升阅读速度
初中英语中考题型攻略题型二《阅读理解(练)》
题型二 阅读理解
文章详见《面对面》 • P208 Paragraph 8
8. The word “hazardous” in this paragraph probably means “ C ”.
A. wet
B. common
C. dangerous
D. burnable
题型二 阅读理解
方法 3 通过同义词或近义词猜测词义 Paragraph 9（2019广东省卷阅读B节选）
c. challenging.
d. boring.
题型二 阅读理解 阅读微技能2 词（组）义猜测（每年D篇必考1道）
方法 1 根据上下文语境猜测词义 Paragraph 5（2019云南阅读A节选）
Parents are selfless（无私的）. They even make great sacrifices to
Matt Lamb could have been one of those people. In 1987， Matt owned and ran his own restaurant in Chicago. But that year， a doctor told Matt that he had a cancer. So he closed the restaurant a year later and pursued his true passion（激情）—painting. Soon， Matt’s art drew national attention. 7. The underlined word “pursued” in this paragraph means “___A____”. A. took up B. put up C. gave up D. woke up
初中英语【阅读理解】5类常见题型分析,相关答题技巧抓紧掌握!
初中英语【阅读理解】5类常见题型分析，相关答题技巧抓紧掌握！题型1：主旨大意题这类题，主要考查同学们对文章中心思想或作者意图的掌握程度。
常见的提问方式有：What is the main idea of this passage?What is the best title of this passage? 在解答这类题时，同学们可以采用快读方法。
先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，这样可以使注意力集中于文章的整体思路及要点之间的联系，因为较慢的阅读会使你过分注意细节，甚至是个别单词，从而影响对主题的概括。
大家要特别注意仔细阅读文章的开头段和结尾段，因为大多数文章的中心思想都会出现在这两个段落里。
题型2：细节理解题细节理解题是用来进一步表达主题、体现中心思想的。
这类题主要考查的是同学们识别阅读材料中的具体事实和细节的能力，往往会针对文章中的某个细节来设题。
在答题时，同学们要特别注意文章中提及的人物、事件、地点、时间、因果等细节，并在细节的地方进行标注，如，将人和物的名称用圆圈圈出、时间用波浪线画出等，以便在答题和检查时能迅速查找信息。
题型3：词义猜测题这类题主要考查同学们在具体文章中，根据上下文理解某个词或某个短语的意义的能力。
这类题型中所出现的单词，大多是同学们未曾见过的生词。
在做题时，大家可在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索，通过上下文的语境，推断出该词的真正含义。
最后，记得要将“释义”代入文中，进行检验、比较，直到得出该词的确切含义。
在推断时，大家可从以下几个方面入手：（1）通过因果关系猜词如果生词附近出现了because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等关联词，同学们可以通过找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，推断生词的词义。
例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.其中，通过for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），大家便可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
鱼骨图在初中英语阅读主旨大意题中的应用探析
鱼骨图在初中英语阅读主旨大意题中的应用探析作者：***来源：《中小学课堂教学研究》2020年第08期【摘要】魚骨图是一种使复杂文章简单化、抽象问题具体化的解决文章主旨大意题的分析手段。
在教学时，教师可以运用鱼骨图呈现初中阅读文章的结构——“总—分”“分—总”“总—分—总”“并—列”，提炼出更加具体和高效的理解文章的方法，教会学生定位文章主题句的位置，或者找出紧密联系的关键词，从而更准确地概括文章的主旨。
鱼骨图的应用，可以激活学生的阅读思维，充分发挥学生的主动性，提高理解文章的动力。
【关键词】初中阅读;主旨大意题;鱼骨图【作者简介】吴松林，二级教师。
【基金项目】广西基础教育教学改革质量提升项目“基于核心素养的初中‘普职融通’课程模块化实施的探索与实践”阅读理解题已成为中考英语的重要组成部分。
在英语阅读理解中，主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章主题和中心思想的提炼与概括，是整体把握文章写作思路、分析文章逻辑和定位文章细节的基础。
因此，主旨大意题对阅读理解所有题型的解题具有举足轻重的作用。
鱼骨图是一种能够将抽象、复杂的问题用具体、形象的方式表现出来的图形。
借助鱼骨图，我们可以将文章结构以直观、简洁的形式呈现出来，为学生提供高效的解题思路，提高他们对主旨大意题的解题能力。
一、鱼骨图来源及分类鱼骨图由日本管理大师石川馨先生发明，是一种发现问题“根本原因”的方法，又名“因果图”。
它看上去有些像鱼骨，问题或结果通常标在鱼头处;鱼骨上长出鱼刺，按出现机会多寡列出产生问题的可能原因，有助于说明各个原因是如何影响后果的（如图1）。
鱼骨图一般分为三类，即整理问题型、原因型和对策型。
整理问题型鱼骨图常用于各要素与特性值之间不存在因果关系而是结构构成关系的情况;原因型鱼骨图是鱼头在右，呈现由因至果的逻辑关系;对策型鱼骨图是鱼头在左，凸显由疑问到解题思维的形成过程。
问题的特性总是受到一些因素的影响，画鱼骨图时要找出这些因素，整理成层次分明、条理清楚的结构，能够透过现象看本质[1]。
初中英语阅读理解4大题型解题理解
初中英语阅读理解4大题型解题理解一、主旨大意题要求在理解全文的基础上对全文进行高度概括或总结。
题干：Main idea, topic, title, purpose, aim, means to解题思路：1、寻找主题句，从而抓住全段中心思想，常见位置是段首句或第二句，但也可能在段尾或段中。
2、概括全文，寻找文章中心思想。
各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3、把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。
4、体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。
干扰项：可能是文中某个具体事实或细节；可能是从文中某些(不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
常见题型：1．主题型：What’s the main idea of this passage ? （这篇文章的主要思想是什么？）What does this passage mainly discuss? （这篇文章主要讨论了什么？）What’s the topic of this passage ? （这篇文章的主题是什么？）2．标题型：What’s the best title?（最佳的标题是什么？）The best title for this text is (to tell ) ______. （这段文字的最佳标题是_____)The main purpose of this text is ______.(这段文字的主要目的是？）3．目的型：The author’s purpose of writing this text is to______.（作者写这段文字的主要目的是？）What’s the main purpose of the passage?（这篇文章的主要目的是？）二、细节理解题做这种题目要注意注意提干中的标识语，带着问题有目的地寻找某一特定信息。
题干中的标识语就是寻找答案的"路标词"，如人物/时间/地点等。
初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意
How to grasp the main idea of a passage--in reading?
主旨大意题
? 正确理解文章的“主旨大意”是阅读技能之 二。要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上，对文 章作出归纳、概括或评价。这也是英语阅读 理解中常见的一类题型，大多是要求判断文 章的标题或各段大意。
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(体现针对性, 避免张冠李戴)
? (1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that .
? (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?
(体现全面性, 避免以偏概全 )
? (1) What is the passage mainly about? ? (2) The passage talks about ... ? (3) The passage tells us that ... ? (4) This passage mainly deals with ... ? (5) What's the main idea / topic of the passage?
主题句在段中或篇中
例3：In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australian's biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable( 不能满足的）society.
最新中考阅读之主旨大意
研究性学习——探究初中英语阅读策略（一）I. 教学目标：1.学生了解阅读理解中主旨大意题的常见设问方式；2.学生通过典型实例探究阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题思路；3.学生通过课堂即时训练强化主旨大意题的解题策略。
II. 教学重难点重点&难点：通过典型实例探究阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题策略。
III. 教学过程I. 主旨大意题型初步感知1. 主旨大意题的考察内容所谓主旨大意题，就是指那些针对文章的主要内容、主题、标题或写作目的所设置的问题。
这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。
2. 主旨大意题的题干表现形式2.1 主要内容型:What is the passage / text / article mainly about?What is the main / general idea of this passage?This passage mainly tells us about / that ______.2.2 主题型:What is the topic / subject of the article?Which subject is discussed in the text?2.3 最佳标题型:What is the best title for this text / passage / article?Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?2.4 写作目的型:The purpose of this article / passage / text is to_______.The author’s main purpose of writing the passage is ______.What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?The article has been written to explain _______.II. 针对不同文体的主旨大意题解题策略探究在做主旨大意题时，不管是哪一种题型,关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词，从而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。
初中英语阅读理解真题分析
初中英语阅读理解真题分析一、题目分析本文旨在分析初中英语阅读理解真题，主要探讨其中的题目类型和解题技巧。
二、题目类型初中英语阅读理解真题包含了多种题型，如事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、图表填空题等。
在解题过程中，我们需要根据文章内容找到正确答案。
1. 事实细节题事实细节题要求我们从文章中找出具体的信息。
解答这类题目时需要仔细阅读文章，注意细节，找到与题目相关的部分，排除其他无关信息。
2. 推理判断题推理判断题要求我们根据文章内容进行推理，判断题目是否正确。
解答这类题目时需要根据文章提供的信息合理推断，注意区分事实和个人观点。
3. 主旨大意题主旨大意题要求我们找出文章的中心思想或主要观点。
解答这类题目时需要整体把握文章内容，注意关键词和段落之间的逻辑关系。
4. 图表填空题图表填空题要求我们根据文章中的图表或表格，填写相关的信息。
解答这类题目时需要仔细观察图表或表格，提取关键信息，填入对应的空格内。
三、解题技巧在解答初中英语阅读理解真题时，我们可以采用以下技巧提高解题效率：1. 快速浏览全文在开始阅读文章之前，可以先快速浏览全文，了解文章的大意和结构，有助于更好地理解和解答题目。
2. 标记关键信息阅读过程中，可以用铅笔或记号笔标记出关键信息，如段落开头的主题句、关键词等，有助于回顾查找答案时更快速地定位。
3. 全文综合推理对于主旨大意题和推理判断题，可以通过全文综合推理的方式来确定答案。
将文章各部分的信息综合起来，进行逻辑推理，找出正确答案。
4. 提前预测答案在阅读问题之前，可以先根据文章的主要内容和线索预测答案。
这样可以提高解题的准确性和效率。
四、总结初中英语阅读理解真题具有一定的题目类型和解题技巧。
通过熟悉各种题型的要求，并运用相应的解题技巧，我们可以提高解题效率，取得更好的阅读理解成绩。
以上为对初中英语阅读理解真题的分析，请参考。
初中英语阅读理解答题技巧
初中英语阅读理解答题技巧一、阅读题的四种题型及命题思路1、主旨大意题阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。
主题句一般具有以下特征：①概括全段思想。
②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。
③解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
主旨题常见的命题形式：①The main idea of this text may be…….②This passage is mainly about…….③The author's purpose in writing this text…….④Which of the following is the best title for the passage?⑤What’s the topic of the text?⑥The passage gives us is…...典型例题2005年北京市中考题阅读理解C篇第四题：The greatest help the passage gives us is____.A.to introduce a food guide to the worldB.to provide us with knowledge of six food groupsC.to suggest a way of eating for a healthy lifeD.to find the main cause of some serious diseases答案为C。
初中英语阅读理解中的常见题型总结
初中英语阅读理解中的常见题型总结阅读理解是英语考试中的重要部分，也是学生们常常遇到的挑战之一。
在初中英语的阅读理解中，有一些常见的题型，熟悉这些题型可以帮助学生更好地应对考试。
本文将总结并介绍初中英语阅读理解中的常见题型。
1. 主旨大意题 (Main Idea)主旨大意题是考察考生对文章内容概括和归纳的理解能力。
它要求考生找出文章的中心思想或总体主题。
通常主旨大意题会出现在文章的开头或结尾。
为了回答这类题目，考生需要认真阅读文章，理解文章的主题，同时要注意作者表达的情感倾向。
2. 细节理解题 (Detail)细节理解题要求考生在文章中找到具体的事实细节。
答题时，学生需要仔细阅读文章，并注意文章中的关键词或关键句子。
有时候，答案可能隐藏在文章的细微之处，需要考生仔细寻找并筛选出有效的信息。
3. 词义推断题 (Vocabulary Inference)词义推断题主要考察考生对词汇的理解以及上下文推断的能力。
学生需要通过上下文中的线索来判断和推测某个词的意思。
为了回答这类题目，学生需要积累一定的词汇量，并能熟练运用上下文推断的方法。
4. 词语搭配题 (Word Collocation)词语搭配题考察考生对词语搭配的掌握程度。
学生需要根据上下文的语境选择合适的词语填空，使句子通顺、意思连贯。
为了顺利解答这类题目，学生需要积累并熟悉常见的词语搭配。
5. 推理判断题 (Inference)推理判断题要求考生通过阅读文章中的线索，进行推理与判断。
学生需要仔细分析文章中的信息，以及作者可推断而不直接明示的细节，从而得出正确的结论。
为了答好这类题目，学生需要养成细心分析和推理的习惯。
6. 作者观点题 (Author's Attitude)作者观点题是考察考生对文章作者态度的理解。
学生需要通过认真阅读文章，推测作者对所描述的事物、事件或观点的态度和观感。
这类题目通常涉及考生对文章的语气、词语选择和修辞手法的分析。
初中英语阅读理解题解题技巧
当我们拿到一篇中考阅读文章的时候，首先我们要判断清楚它的文体，基于文体我们可以预判这个文章它的写作行文逻辑，也就是判断行文结构。
然后我们要根据题干确定这个题型（共四种）。
还要去仔细的去审每一个选项，划定关键词。
一、中考阅读理解的语篇特点。
中考阅读理解分为ab、CD四篇文章，题材多样，多数分别为应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文。
近些年的文章贴近生活，关注时事热点，体现了人与自然、人与社会以及人与自我的关系。
中考英语阅读理解考察我们四方面的能力，分别为 1.你是否能够根据题干的要求获取文章的事实细节，2是否能够根据文章的内容再通读一遍之后把握主旨大意。
3是否能够根据上下文猜测词义，4是否能够根据文章的内容进行合理的推理判断以了解作者的言外之意。
近年来越来越重视把握主旨大意的能力、猜测词义的能力以及推理判断的能力，实际上越来越重视思维品质的考察。
二、解题策略1.事实细节题按照难易程度又分为两类，一个是单点事实细节，还有一个是多点事实细节。
单点事实细节的提问方式啊，通常有questions，还有if you do something you can do something else。
多点事实细节题的提问方式呢，通常有which of the following is not mentioned in the passage或者which of the following statement is not true？单点事实细节题，根据题干去抓这个定位词。
迅速的确定题干中的关键词，回到原文中去定位我们要的那个句子。
多点事实细节题。
根据选项中的问题对应到了第几段。
那么对于事实细节题，我们应该做到眼疾手快。
第一步一定要耐着性子一个选项一个选项的去看，要去准确的定位每个选项的关键词，然后带着每个选项的关键词迅速的回到原文中去定位好，那么原文的出处和选项进行一个仔细的比对。
2.主旨大意题主旨大意题分为三类，标题类、文章主旨类和段落主旨类。
初中英语-专题十一主旨大意（01）
专题十一主旨大意Passage1(2014课标全国Ⅱ,A)体裁:记叙文词数:269ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahousef ormeandourchildren.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverth athissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinastrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgetti ngallthepaperworkorganisedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusband snameandwasaskinghi malotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgo netothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmai nlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgi venhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westill remembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.1.WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshopping.B.Findahouse.C.Joinhisfamily.D.Takeavacation.2.Thegirl sparentsgotRashid sphonenumberfrom.A.afriendofhisfamilyB.aSydneypolicemanC.aletterinhispapersD.astrangerinSydney3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Showed.B.Sentout.C.Delivered.D.Gaveback.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends.答案[语篇解读]本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。
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1
议论文的主旨大意题
什么是议论文？
以理服人！
摆事实、讲道理、辨是非
提出见解，驳斥观点
议论文的结构
1. “总论——分论——总论”式
2. “总论——分论”式 3. “分论——总论”式 总论=文章主旨大意 分论=段落主旨大意
★
首 段 或 首 句
议论文的主题句一般在哪里？
Attention！
先提出别人的观点，
初中阅读理解 主旨大意题解题技巧
授课老师：黄文婷
CONTENTS
01
什么是主旨大意题？
02
主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式 不同体裁（议论文，记叙文，说明文等） 的主旨大意题解题技巧
03
PART ONE
01
什么是主旨大意题？
什么是主旨大意题？
段落或文章
主题、目的或标题
02
PART TWO
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃 望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”
主旨大意题的题型、 标志词及设问形式
主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式：
标题类
Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? The best title / headline for this passage might be_____.
03
（议论文、记叙文、说明 PART 文）主旨大意题解题技巧 THREE
如何解答主旨大意题？
1.读题——文章/段落，目的类/大意类 /标题类
2.通读全文/段落，寻找主题句 4.排除干扰项
干扰项有什么特点？
1. 以偏概全 2. 断章取义 3. 主题扩大 4. 张冠李戴
排 除 法
5. 无中生有
★★根据标题的特点（概括性、针 对性、醒目性）排除干扰项
（however，but）作者进行驳， 再提出自己的观点！【2014】 Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals. John was a six-year-old mute. He had no physical problems. He just refused to talk. His older cousin, Ned, had a parrot called Sally, and John used to visit it. When he arrived, Ned used to say, “Hi, John!” We all know parrots copy what they hear. After a few visits, Sally began saying “Hi, John!” when John came into the room. Then, one day, John turned to the parrot and replied “Hi, Sally!” Staying with the parrot encouraged John to begin talking. The purpose of paragraph 3 is to _______. A. show how animals can help with illnesses B. discuss the problems of keeping pets C. describe how to train animal helpers D. introduce some new medical research
目的类
The passage is meant to …. The purpose of this article is to …
大意类
The main idea of the passage is… The passage is mainly about… Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the topic of this passage?
Most of us probably live without vegetables, but a world without chocolate? Now that would be hard! According to chocolate makers it could happen if we don't act soon. 1. The first paragraph tells us that______. A. chocolate is healthier than vegetables B. the world could soon be without chocolate C. people love vegetables more than chocolate D. it’s not necessary to eat so much chocolate