韩丽莉chapter3单表查询

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第三章第12节

第二十二页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第二十三页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。

第二十四页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第二十五页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第二十六页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第二十七页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第八页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第九页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十一页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十二页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十三页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十四页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第一页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第二页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第三页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第四页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第五页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第六页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第七页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十五页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十六页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十七页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十八页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第十九页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第二十页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。
第二十一页，编辑于星期二：二十二点二十九分。

Unit 03 A Dill Pickle 现代大学英语精读第三册第三单元 ppt课件

After years of ill-health and struggle as a freelance writer and reviewer, she achieved success with Bliss and Other Stories (1920) and The Garden Party (1922).
2020/12/2
5
Critics praised her for
her capturing the essence of Chekhov's art for stories emphasizing atmosphere and actual life rather than exciting plot, and
2020/12/2
2
精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
• “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
for her “refreshing originality” and “sensitiveness to beauty”.
However, just as she won world fame, her health grew worse. She died of tuberculosis in 1923, when she was 35 years old.
raise the veil unbutton the collar loathe (infml. not used in progressive = detest)

第三版新视野大学英语3读写教程books3unit3译文及讲解

Unit 3 Section AAudrey Hepburn — A true angel in this world奥黛丽·赫本——人间天使1 Audrey Hepburn thrilled audiences with starring roles in noteworthy films like Breakfast at Tiffany's, Sabrina, Roman Holiday, My Fair Lady, War and Peace, and Always.1 奥黛丽·赫本在《蒂凡尼的早餐》、《龙凤配》、《罗马假日》、《窈窕淑女》、《战争与和平》和《直到永远》等出色电影中主演的许多角色让观众为之陶醉。

1 Audrey Hepburn thrilled audiences with starring roles in noteworthy films ... (Para. 1) Meaning: Audrey Hepburn played leading roles in many extraordinary films, and such roles gave great pleasure to the people who watched the films...2Despite her success in the film domain, the roles she most preferred portraying were not in movies. She was an exemplary mother to her two sons and a UNICEF (the United Nations International Children's Emerg ency Fund) Ambassador of Goodwill serving victims in war‐torn countries.2 尽管在电影界获得成功，但她最愿意塑造的角色却并不在影片中，而是做两个儿子的模范母亲和联合国儿童基金会亲善大使，为饱受战争蹂躏的人们服务。

BEAUTYLEG 目录大全

2005.02.16 No.001 Fei 中國上海2005.02.16 No.002 Flora 台灣台北2005.02.16 No.003 Carina 台灣台南2005.02.16 No.004 Olive 第一期台灣台北2005.02.16 No.005 Doris 台灣彰化2005.02.16 No.006 Simon 台灣台北2005.02.16 No.007 Jenny 台灣台北2005.02.16 No.008 芸芸台灣高雄2005.03.23 No.009 LuLu 第一期台灣高雄2005.03.23 No.010 Tannie 第一期台灣台北2005.04.18 No.011 Olive 第二期台灣台北2005.04.27 No.012 Elaine 香港2005.05.05 No.013 Ting 第一期台灣高雄2005.05.13 No.014 草莓台灣台北2005.05.19 No.015 Sugar 第一期台灣高雄2005.05.26 No.016 Ting 第二期台灣高雄2005.06.03 No.017 Angel 第一期台灣台北2005.06.10 No.018 Pikki 第一期香港2005.06.15 No.019 Sugar 第二期台灣高雄2005.07.06 No.020 Vico 台灣台北2005.07.06 No.021 abby 第一期台灣台南2005.07.13 No.022 abby 第二期台灣台南2005.07.22 No.023 Daisy 第一期台灣台中2005.08.05 No.024 小研第一期台灣台北2005.08.12 No.025 Barbe 台灣桃園2005.08.12 No.026 Yuki 美國洛杉磯2005.08.19 No.027 Brenda 美國洛杉磯2005.08.24 No.028 Taphy 台灣台北2005.08.30 No.029 Olive 第三期台灣台北2005.09.07 No.030 Pikki 第二期香港2005.09.13 No.031 Ting 第三期台灣台北2005.09.20 No.032 Belle 香港2005.09.27 No.033 小妍第二期台灣台北2005.09.30 No.034 叮噹（Angle）第二期台灣台北2005.10.07 No.035 Arina 美國洛杉磯2005.10.07 No.036 Tannie 第二期台灣台北2005.10.17 No.037 Epiphany 洛杉磯2005.10.24 No.038 小文台灣台北2005.10.28 No.039 Daisy 第二期台灣台中2005.11.06 No.040 Genie 台灣台北2005.11.12 No.041 luna 洛杉磯2005.11.19 No.042 小杨台湾台北2005.11.22 No.043 瑶瑶台灣2005.11.28 No.044 ROSE2005.12.02 No.045 孟瑶第一期2005.12.08 No.046 YOYO 第一期2005.12.15 No.047 瑤瑤第二期台灣2005.12.27 No.050 YOYO 第二期台灣2005.12.30 No.051 小閃第一期2006.01.04 No.052 Gia Los Angeles 2006.01.11 No.053 YoYo 第一期2006.01.18 No.054 瑤瑤第三期2006.01.23 No.055 Debby 第一期2006.01.28 No.056 LuLu 第二期2006.02.08 No.057 夢瑤第三期2006.02.15 No.058 Beauty4world Liz 2006.02.20 No.059 小嫻第一期2006.02.27 No.060 Debby 第二期2006.03.06 No.061 Angel 第三期2006.03.15 No.062 Candy2006.03.18 No.063 小嫻第二期2006.03.28 No.064 Debby 第三期2006.03.31 No.065 小閃第二期2006.04.05 No.066 YoYo 第二期2006.04.13 No.067 Angel 第四期2006.04.26 No.068 自然2006.04.29 No.069 Taphy 第二期2006.05.06 No.070 孟瑤第四期2006.05.12 No.071 YoYo 第三期2006.05.19 No.072 Pikki2006.05.25 No.073 Tracy2006.05.27 No.074 Maggie2006.06.02 No.075 Eva 小閃2006.06.10 No.076 Alice2006.06.14 No.077 Daisy 第三期2006.06.21 No.078 YoYo 第四期2006.06.27 No.079 Angel 第五期2006.07.07 No.080 夢瑤第五期2006.07.13 No.081 巧巧2006.07.19 No.082 小嫻第三期2006.07.25 No.083 Polly 姿乃2006.08.05 No.084 Michelle 小孟2006.08.12 No.085 Grace2006.08.18 No.086 Debby 第四期2006.08.25 No.087 YoYo 第五期2006.09.05 No.088 Sabanina2006.09.10 No.089 Kiwi2006.09.20 No.090 Kate2006.09.27 No.091 Eunis2006.10.05 No.092 Maggic2006.10.10 No.093 Emily2006.10.14 No.094 YoYo 第六期2006.10.19 No.095 Iris2006.11.03 No.098 Eva 小閃第四期2006.11.07 No.099 Maggie 第二期2006.11.13 No.100 Kate 第二期2006.11.17 No.101 YoYo 第七期2006.11.22 No.102 Jean2006.11.25 No.103 Olivia2006.11.29 No.104 Shine2006.12.04 No.105 Jasmine 2006.12.09 No.106 Kei2006.12.12 No.107 Ivy2006.12.17 No.108 Iris 第二期2006.12.19 No.109 LuLu 第三期2006.12.23 No.110 X'mas2006.12.24 No.111 Tracy 第二期2007.01.02 No.112 Vevi2007.01.05 No.113 Kate2007.01.09 No.114 Sabanina 2007.01.13 No.115 Jean2007.01.16 No.116 YoYo2007.01.24 No.117 Cafey2007.01.26 No.118 Maggie2007.01.30 No.119 Sabanina 2007.02.02 No.120 Candy2007.02.09 No.121 Iris2007.02.13 No.122 Fanny2007.02.16 No.123 Ivy2007.02.23 No.124 Jasmine 2007.02.27 No.125 Olivia2007.03.01 No.126 Vevi2007.03.09 No.127 Yen 小妍妃2007.03.12 No.128 Polly2007.03.14 No.129 mini2007.03.16 No.130 Vina2007.03.20 No.131 Eva 小閃2007.03.23 No.132 Collen2007.03.27 No.133 Sunny2007.03.30 No.134 Ivy2007.04.06 No.135 Vevi2007.04.10 No.136 Yen2007.04.13 No.137 Eva2007.04.17 No.138 Anci2007.04.20 No.139 小嫻2007.04.24 No.140 Sabanina 2007.04.27 No.141 Angel2007.05.01 No.142 Ivy2007.05.04 No.143 Clair2007.05.18 No.147 Collen 2007.05.22 No.148 Ivy 2007.05.26 No.149 Yen 2007.05.29 No.150 Vina 2007.06.01 No.151 Clair 2007.06.05 No.152 Eva 2007.06.09 No.153 Angel 2007.06.13 No.154 Alice 2007.06.15 No.155 Sunny 2007.06.22 No.156 Queenie 2007.06.27 No.157 Sugar 2007.06.29 No.158 Vina 2007.07.07 No.159 Collen 2007.07.11 No.160 Vanessa 2007.07.13 No.161 Ivy 2007.07.18 No.162 Alice 2007.07.20 No.163 Joyce 2007.07.25 No.164 Jasmine 2007.07.27 No.165 mina 2007.08.01 No.166 Elvan 2007.08.03 No.167 Yen 2007.08.10 No.168 Ivy 2007.08.15 No.169 Siawase 2007.08.17 No.170 Mina 2007.08.23 No.171 Joyce 2007.08.24 No.172 Chya 2007.08.29 No.173 Peggy 2007.08.31 No.174 Dindin 2007.09.07 No.175 Mina 2007.09.12 No.176 Kelly 2007.09.14 No.177 Peggy 2007.09.19 No.178 Joanna 2007.09.21 No.179 Paris 2007.09.26 No.180 Mendo 2007.09.28 No.181 Mina 2007.10.05 No.182 Mini 2007.10.10 No.183 Abby 2007.10.12 No.184 Chya 2007.10.17 No.185 Yen 2007.10.19 No.186 Collen 2007.10.24 No.187 Joyce 2007.10.26 No.188 Miya 2007.10.31 No.189 Ivy 2007.11.02 No.190 Jill 2007.11.09 No.191 Mina2007.11.23 No.195 Jill 2007.11.28 No.196 Roy 2007.11.30 No.197 Eva 2007.12.07 No.198 Miya 2007.12.12 No.199 Julia 2007.12.14 No.200 Sara 2007.12.19 No.201 Ivy 2007.12.21 No.202 Jill 2007.12.25 No.203 Miya 2007.12.28 No.204 Mina 2008.01.03 No.205 Abby 2008.01.08 No.206 Sara 2008.01.11 No.207 Ruby 2008.01.16 No.208 Yen 2008.01.18 No.209 Mina 2008.01.25 No.210 Ivy 2008.01.30 No.211 Abby 2008.02.01 No.212 Ruby 2008.02.13 No.213 Penny 2008.02.15 No.214 Alice 2008.02.20 No.215 Debby 2008.02.22 No.216 Joanna 2008.02.27 No.217 Julia 2008.02.29 No.218 Eva 2008.03.04 No.219 DinDin 2008.03.07 No.220 Miya 2008.03.14 No.221 Ruby 2008.03.18 No.222 Jill 2008.03.21 No.223 Yen 2008.03.28 No.224 Mina 2008.04.01 No.225 Alice 2008.04.11 No.226 Miya 2008.04.15 No.227 Eva 2008.04.18 No.228 Yen 2008.04.25 No.229 Jill 2008.04.29 No.230 Mina 2008.05.02 No.231 Penny 2008.05.09 No.232 Sara 2008.05.13 No.233 Alice 2008.05.20 No.234 Jill 2008.05.23 No.235 Yen 2008.05.30 No.236 Joanna 2008.06.03 No.237 Sara 2008.06.06 No.238 Sunny 2008.06.13 No.239 Yen2008.07.04 No.243 Jill 2008.07.08 No.244 Yen 2008.07.11 No.245 Sunny 2008.07.18 No.246 Eva 2008.07.25 No.247 Penny 2008.07.29 No.248 Jill 2008.08.01 No.249 Miya 2008.08.05 No.250 Sara 2008.08.08 No.251 YoYo 2008.08.15 No.252 Cynthia 2008.08.19 No.253 Lay 2008.08.22 No.254 Sunny 2008.08.29 No.255 Kate 2008.09.05 No.256 Ruby 2008.09.09 No.257 Sara 2008.09.12 No.258 Sunny 2008.09.19 No.259 Vevi 2008.09.23 No.260 Jill 2008.09.26 No.261 YoYo 2008.10.03 No.262 Cynthia 2008.10.10 No.263 Miya 2008.10.14 No.264 Vevi 2008.10.17 No.265 Jill 2008.10.24 No.266 YoYo 2008.10.28 No.267 Sara 2008.10.31 No.268 Vanessa 2008.11.07 No.269 Eva 2008.11.11 No.270 Vevi 2008.11.18 No.271 Yoko 2008.11.21 No.272 Jill 2008.11.28 No.273 Ashely 2008.12.05 No.274 Vevi 2008.12.09 No.275 Vivien 2008.12.16 No.276 Yoyo 2008.12.23 No.277 Sara 2008.12.25 No.278 Ashely 2008.12.30 No.279 Jill 2009.01.01 No.280 YoYo 2009.01.09 No.281 Miya 2009.01.16 No.282 Jessic 2009.01.20 No.283 Summer 2009.01.23 No.284 Vevi 2009.02.03 No.285 Kate 2009.02.10 No.286 Miya 2009.02.13 No.287 Sarah2009.03.06 No.291 Maggie 2009.03.10 No.292 Sarah 2009.03.13 No.293 Yoyo 2009.03.17 No.294 Ashely 2009.03.20 No.295 Ruby 2009.03.24 No.296 Yen 2009.03.31 No.297 Jessie 2009.04.03 No.298 Sarah 2009.04.14 No.299 Sara 2009.04.17 No.300 Vevi 2009.04.21 No.301 Vanessa 2009.04.24 No.302 Miya 2009.04.28 No.303 Sara 2009.05.01 No.304 Yoyo 2009.05.08 No.305 Sarah 2009.05.12 No.306 Vanessa 2009.05.15 No.307 Jill2009.05.19 No.308 Avy 2009.05.22 No.309 Yen 2009.05.29 No.310 Jellyfish 2009.06.05 No.311 Jessie 2009.06.12 No.312 Sara 2009.06.19 No.313 Vevi 2009.06.26 No.314 Miya 2009.06.30 No.315 Ashely 2009.07.07 No.316 Avy 2009.07.10 No.317 Yoyo 2009.07.14 No.318 Jill2009.07.17 No.319 Sarah 2009.07.21 No.320 Mia 2009.07.24 No.321 Sara 2009.07.31 No.322 Vanessa 2009.08.04 No.323 Yen 2009.08.11 No.324 Tricaia 2009.08.14 No.325 Sarah 2009.08.18 No.326 Sara 2009.08.21 No.327 Avy 2009.08.25 No.328 Jessie 2009.08.28 No.329 Yen 2009.09.04 No.330 Anonymous 2009.09.11 No.331 Jenniffer 2009.09.15 No.332 Jellyfish 2009.09.18 No.333 Avy 2009.09.25 No.334 Jessie 2009.09.29 No.335 Lena2009.10.13 No.339 Linda 2009.10.16 No.340 Jill2009.10.20 No.341 Sarah 2009.10.22 No.342 Anonymous 2009.10.23 No.343 Mei 2009.10.27 No.344 Avy 2009.10.30 No.345 Ashely 2009.11.03 No.346 Vevi 2009.11.05 No.347 Jill2009.11.10 No.348 Anonymity 2009.11.12 No.349 Laura 2009.11.13 No.350 Sarah 2009.11.17 No.351 Avy 2009.11.24 No.352 Jennifer 2009.11.26 No.353 Lena 2009.11.27 No.354 Yen 2009.12.01 No.355 Jessie 2009.12.02 No.356 Anonymous 2009.12.08 No.357 Jellyfish 2009.12.11 No.358 Sara 2009.12.15 No.359 Sarah 2009.12.18 No.360 Anonymity 2009.12.22 No.361 Sarah 2009.12.25 No.362 Jellyfish 2009.12.29 No.363 Mei 2010.01.01 No.364 Anonymous 2010.01.05 No.365 Jennifer 2010.01.08 No.366 Jessie 2010.01.15 No.367 Anonymous 2010.01.19 No.368 Mei 2010.01.22 No.369 Sara 2010.01.26 No.370 Anonymous 2010.01.29 No.371 Vanessa 2010.02.02 No.372 Anonymous 2010.02.09 No.373 Sara 2010.02.12 No.374 Jellyfish 2010.02.16 No.375 Avy 2010.02.19 No.376 CCFL 2010.02.23 No.377 Jennifer 2010.02.26 No.378 Jill2010.03.02 No.379 Anonymous 2010.03.04 No.380 Yen 2010.03.05 No.381 Sarah 2010.03.09 No.382 Rena 2010.03.11 No.383 cherry2010.03.23 No.387 NaNa 2010.03.26 No.388 Anonymous 2010.03.30 No.389 Yen 2010.04.02 No.390 Vanessa 2010.04.06 No.391 Jennifer 2010.04.08 No.392 Kiki 2010.04.09 No.393 Jill2010.04.16 No.394 Linda 2010.04.20 No.395 Jessie 2010.04.22 No.396 Vacni 2010.04.23 No.397 Vanessa 2010.04.27 No.398 Mei 2010.04.30 No.399 Linda 2010.05.04 No.400 Jessie 2010.05.11 No.401 Abby 2010.05.14 No.402 Jellyfish 2010.05.18 No.403 Katarina 2010.05.21 No.404 Avy 2010.05.25 No.405 Kiki 2010.05.27 No.406 NaNa 2010.05.28 No.407 Sara 2010.06.01 No.408 Layla 2010.06.04 No.409 Eva 2010.06.08 No.410 Cherry 2010.06.10 No.411 Jennifer 2010.06.15 No.412 NaNa 2010.06.17 No.413 Melissa 2010.06.18 No.414 Avy 2010.06.22 No.415 Yen 2010.06.24 No.416 Abby 2010.06.25 No.417 Layla 2010.06.29 No.418 Sarah 2010.06.30 No.419 Sara 2010.07.02 No.420 Eva 2010.07.06 No.421 Kiki 2010.07.09 No.422 Jellyfish 2010.07.14 No.423 Amy 2010.07.16 No.424 Abby 2010.07.20 No.425 Jessie 2010.07.21 No.426 Olivia 2010.07.23 No.427 Sara 2010.07.27 No.428 Katarina 2010.07.29 No.429 Molly 2010.07.30 No.430 Sarah 2010.08.03 No.431 Faye2010.08.13 No.434 Vicni 2010.08.19 No.435 Avy 2010.08.20 No.436 Faye 2010.08.25 No.437 PeiPei 2010.08.27 No.438 Liya 2010.08.31 No.439 Jeniffer 2010.09.02 No.440 Vicni 2010.09.03 No.441 Avy 2010.09.07 No.442 Faye 2010.09.10 No.443 Sara 2010.09.13 No.444 Cherry 2010.09.15 No.445 Jennifer 2010.09.17 No.446 Liya 2010.09.20 No.447 NaNa 2010.09.22 No.448 PeiPei 2010.09.24 No.449 Cherry 2010.09.27 No.450 Vanessa 2010.09.29 No.451 Sara 2010.10.01 No.452 Katarina 2010.10.04 No.453 Abby 2010.10.06 No.454 Jessie 2010.10.08 No.455 NaNa 2010.10.11 No.456 Yen 2010.10.13 No.457 Vanessa 2010.10.18 No.458 Katarina 2010.10.22 No.459 Jessie 2010.10.25 No.460 Abby 2010.10.27 No.461 Eva 2010.10.29 No.462 Morning 2010.11.01 No.463 Liya 2010.11.03 No.464 Lina 2010.11.05 No.465 Liya 2010.11.08 No.466 Vicni 2010.11.15 No.467 Eva 2010.11.17 No.468 Morning 2010.11.19 No.469 Liya 2010.11.22 No.470 PeiPei 2010.11.24 No.471 Katarina 2010.11.26 No.472 Cherry 2010.11.29 No.473 Vicni 2010.12.01 No.474 Jennifer 2010.12.03 No.475 Lina 2010.12.06 No.476 Avy 2010.12.10 No.477 Sara 2010.12.13 No.478 Penny 2010.12.15 No.479 Jennifer2010.12.22 No.482 Abby 2010.12.24 No.483 Jessie 2010.12.27 No.484 Eva 2010.12.29 No.485 Evenni 2010.12.31 No.486 NaNa 2011.01.03 No.487 Mango 2011.01.07 No.488 Jessie 2011.01.10 No.489 Vicni 2011.01.14 No.490 Eva 2011.01.17 No.491 Aileen 2011.01.19 No.492 Penny 2011.01.21 No.493 NaNa 2011.01.24 No.494 Suan 2011.01.26 No.495 Evenni 2011.01.28 No.496 Abby 2011.01.31 No.497 Aileen 2011.02.02 No.498 Penny 2011.02.04 No.499 Vicni 2011.02.07 No.500 Avy 2011.02.09 No.501 Antina 2011.02.14 No.502 Jessie 2011.02.18 No.503 Lina 2011.02.21 No.504 Chrini 2011.02.23 No.505 Aileen 2011.02.25 No.506 Jessie 2011.02.28 No.507 Liya 2011.03.04 No.508 Avy 2011.03.07 No.509 Evenni 2011.03.11 No.510 Liya 2011.03.14 No.511 Tina 2011.03.16 No.512 Sara 2011.03.18 No.513 Lina 2011.03.21 No.514 Vicni 2011.03.23 No.515 Evenni 2011.03.25 No.516 NaNa 2011.03.28 No.517 Abby 2011.03.30 No.518 Kate 2011.04.01 No.519 YoYo 2011.04.04 No.520 Tina 2011.04.06 No.521 Jill 2011.04.08 No.522 Sandy 2011.04.13 No.523 Serena 2011.04.15 No.524 Tina 2011.04.18 No.525 Vicni 2011.04.20 No.526 Aphorodite 2011.04.22 No.527 Abby2011.05.02 No.531 Evenni 2011.05.06 No.532 Olivia 2011.05.11 No.533 Eva 2011.05.13 No.534 Evenni 2011.05.16 No.535 Eva 2011.05.18 No.536 Stacy 2011.05.20 No.537 Tina 2011.05.23 No.538 Avy 2011.05.25 No.539 Lynn 2011.05.27 No.540 Lina 2011.05.30 No.541 Eva 2011.06.01 No.542 Avy 2011.06.03 No.543 Evenni 2011.06.06 No.544 Olivia 2011.06.10 No.545 Kate 2011.06.13 No.546 Sara 2011.06.17 No.547 Tina 2011.06.20 No.548 Abby 2011.06.22 No.549 Jill 2011.06.24 No.550 Kate 2011.06.27 No.551 Vicni 2011.06.29 No.552 Serena 2011.07.01 No.553 Evenni 2011.07.04 No.554 Sara 2011.07.08 No.555 Jill 2011.07.11 No.556 Vicni 2011.07.13 No.557 Lynn 2011.07.15 No.558 Evenni 2011.07.18 No.559 Abby 2011.07.20 No.560 Serena 2011.07.22 No.561 NaNa 2011.07.25 No.562 Eva 2011.07.27 No.563 Lynn 2011.08.01 No.564 Sara 2011.08.03 No.565 Jill 2011.08.05 No.566 Tina 2011.08.08 No.567 Avy 2011.08.10 No.568 Evenni 2011.08.12 No.569 Yoyo 2011.08.15 No.570 Miya 2011.08.17 No.571 Sara 2011.08.19 No.572 NaNa 2011.08.22 No.573 Olivia 2011.08.24 No.574 Kate 2011.08.26 No.575 Evenni2011.09.05 No.579 Kate 2011.09.09 No.580 Tina 2011.09.12 No.581 Jill 2011.09.14 No.582 Jill 2011.09.16 No.583 Vicni 2011.09.19 No.584 Yoyo 2011.09.21 No.585 Lynn 2011.09.23 No.586 Abby 2011.09.26 No.587 Jill 2011.09.30 No.588 Vicni 2011.10.03 No.589 Yoyo 2011.10.05 No.590 Sara 2011.10.07 No.591 Evenni 2011.10.10 No.592 Tina 2011.10.12 No.593 Lina 2011.10.17 No.594 Jill 2011.10.19 No.595 Bella 2011.10.21 No.596 Yoyo 2011.10.24 No.597 Sara 2011.10.26 No.598 Ashely 2011.10.28 No.599 Evenni 2011.10.31 No.600 Vicni 2011.11.02 No.601 Jill 2011.11.04 No.602 Olivia 2011.11.07 No.603 Miya 2011.11.09 No.604 Ashely 2011.11.11 No.605 Jill 2011.11.14 No.606 Sara 2011.11.16 No.607 Lina 2011.11.18 No.608 Nana 2011.11.23 No.609 Bella 2011.11.25 No.610 Vicni 2011.11.28 No.611 Jill 2011.11.30 No.612 Sara 2011.12.02 No.613 Tina 2011.12.05 No.614 Miya 2011.12.09 No.615 Olivia 2011.12.12 No.616 Abby 2011.12.14 No.617 Dennise 2011.12.16 No.618 Yoyo 2011.12.19 No.619 Sara 2011.12.23 No.620 Olivia 2011.12.24 No.621 Avy 2011.12.25 No.622 Vicni 2011.12.26 No.623 Jill2011.12.30 No.625 Vanessa 2012.01.02 No.626 Dennise 2012.01.04 No.627 Vicni 2012.01.06 No.628 Yoyo 2012.01.09 No.629 Lena 2012.01.13 No.630 Evenni 2012.01.16 No.631 Miya 2012.01.20 No.632 Nana 2012.01.23 No.633 Avy 2012.01.25 No.634 Lynn 2012.01.27 No.635 Emmie 2012.01.30 No.636 Abby 2012.02.01 No.637 Jill 2012.02.03 No.638 Yoyo 2012.02.06 No.639 Vicni 2012.02.10 No.640 Morning 2012.02.13 No.641 Evenni 2012.02.15 No.642 Avy 2012.02.17 No.643 Olivia 2012.02.20 No.644 Jill 2012.02.22 No.645 Elaine 2012.02.24 No.646 Sabrina 2012.02.27 No.647 Miya 2012.03.02 No.648 Tina 2012.03.05 No.649 Jill 2012.03.07 No.650 Michiyo 2012.03.09 No.651 Sabrina 2012.03.12 No.652 Jill 2012.03.16 No.653 Yoyo 2012.03.19 No.654 Jill 2012.03.21 No.655 Michiyo 2012.03.23 No.656 Tina 2012.03.26 No.657 Abby 2012.03.28 No.658 Vicni 2012.03.30 No.659 Emmie 2012.04.02 No.660 Dennise 2012.04.04 No.661 Elaine 2012.04.06 No.662 Sara 2012.04.09 No.663 Jill 2012.04.13 No.664 Morning 2012.04.16 No.665 Vicni 2012.04.18 No.666 Jill 2012.04.20 No.667 Olivia 2012.04.23 No.668 Miya 2012.04.25 No.669 Luffy 2012.04.27 No.670 Nana 2012.05.02 No.671 Lynn2012.05.14 No.675 Emmie 2012.05.23 No.676 Aileen 2012.05.25 No.677 Evenni 2012.05.28 No.678 Elaine 2012.05.30 No.679 Vicni 2012.06.01 No.680 Emmie 2012.06.04 No.681 Michiyo 2012.06.08 No.682 Aileen 2012.06.11 No.683 Tina 2012.06.13 No.684 Sabrina 2012.06.15 No.685 Yoyo 2012.06.18 No.686 Vicni 2012.06.22 No.687 Evenni 2012.06.25 No.688 Avy 2012.06.27 No.689 Tina 2012.06.29 No.690 Sunny 2012.07.02 No.691 Avy 2012.07.06 No.692 Yoyo 2012.07.09 No.693 Luffy 2012.07.11 No.694 Elaine 2012.07.13 No.695 Evenni 2012.07.16 No.696 Dennise 2012.07.18 No.697 Tina Yu 2012.07.20 No.698 Nana 2012.07.23 No.699 Abby 2012.07.25 No.700 Sarah 2012.07.27 No.701 Sabrina 2012.07.30 No.702 Vicni 2012.08.01 No.703 Susan 2012.08.03 No.704 Faye 2012.08.06 No.705 Tina Yu 2012.08.10 No.706 Aileen 2012.08.13 No.707 Sarah 2012.08.15 No.708 Sunny 2012.08.17 No.709 Yoyo 2012.08.20 No.710 Avy 2012.08.22 No.711 Yaya 2012.08.24 No.712 Tina 2012.08.27 No.713 Tina Yu 2012.08.29 No.714 Avy 2012.08.31 No.715 Yoyo 2012.09.03 No.716 Sara 2012.09.05 No.717 Aileen 2012.09.07 No.718 Tina 2012.09.10 No.719 Abby2012.09.19 No.723 Luffy 2012.09.20 No.724 Minna 2012.09.24 No.725 Abby 2012.09.26 No.726 Vicni 2012.09.28 No.727 Susan 2012.10.01 No.728 Sara 2012.10.03 No.729 Sunny 2012.10.08 No.730 Vicni 2012.10.10 No.731 Sabrina 2012.10.12 No.732 Aileen 2012.10.15 No.733 Susan 2012.10.17 No.734 Sunny 2012.10.19 No.735 Yoyo 2012.10.22 No.736 Dennise 2012.10.24 No.737 Sunny 2012.10.26 No.738 Luffy 2012.10.29 No.739 Sara 2012.10.31 No.740 Sabrina 2012.11.02 No.741 Yoyo 2012.11.07 No.742 Minna 2012.11.09 No.743 Tina Yu 2012.11.12 No.744 Lucy 2012.11.14 No.745 Sarah 2012.11.16 No.746 Susan 2012.11.19 No.747 Sara 2012.11.21 No.748 Sabrina 2012.11.23 No.749 Avy 2012.11.26 No.750 Vicni 2012.11.28 No.751 Lorraine 2012.11.30 No.752 Tina 2012.12.03 No.753 Sara 2012.12.05 No.754 Dora 2012.12.07 No.755 Vicni 2012.12.12 No.756 Sabrina 2012.12.14 No.757 Tina 2012.12.17 No.758 Yaya 2012.12.19 No.759 Linda 2012.12.21 No.760 Dana 2012.12.24 No.761 Abby 2012.12.26 No.762 Sabrina 2012.12.28 No.763 Lucy 2012.12.31 No.764 Sarah 2013.01.02 No.765 Linda 2013.01.04 No.766 Yoyo 2013.01.07 No.767 Vicni2013.01.16 No.771 Lucy 2013.01.18 No.772 Alie 2013.01.21 No.773 Sara 2013.01.23 No.774 Sabrina 2013.01.25 No.775 Jill 2013.01.28 No.776 Lorraine 2013.01.30 No.777 Anita 2013.02.01 No.778 Susan 2013.02.04 No.779 Winnie 2013.02.06 No.780 Linda 2013.02.08 No.781 Yoyo 2013.02.11 No.782 Dora 2013.02.15 No.783 Susan 2013.02.18 No.784 Tina Yu 2013.02.20 No.785 Linda 2013.02.22 No.786 Alie 2013.02.25 No.787 Winnie 2013.02.27 No.788 Linda 2013.03.01 No.789 Sammi 2013.03.04 No.790 Dora 2013.03.06 No.791 Sabrina 2013.03.08 No.792 Dana 2013.03.11 No.793 Alie 2013.03.13 No.794 Linda 2013.03.15 No.795 Yoyo 2013.03.18 No.796 Avy 2013.03.20 No.797 Tina 2013.03.22 No.798 Jill 2013.03.25 No.799 Cindy 2013.03.27 No.800 Sara 2013.03.29 No.801 Sarah 2013.04.01 No.802 Lucy 2013.04.03 No.803 Sabrina 2013.04.05 No.804 Tina 2013.04.08 No.805 Anita 2013.04.10 No.806 Avy 2013.04.12 No.807 Vicni 2013.04.15 No.808 Jill 2013.04.17 No.809 Sabrina 2013.04.19 No.810 Lucy 2013.04.22 No.811 Abby 2013.04.24 No.812 Cynthia 2013.04.26 No.813 Vicni 2013.04.29 No.814 Lilian 2013.05.01 No.815 Sabrina2013.05.13 No.819 Abby 2013.05.15 No.820 Cynthia 2013.05.17 No.821 Aileen 2013.05.20 No.822 Winnie 2013.05.22 No.823 Sabrina 2013.05.24 No.824 Susan 2013.05.27 No.825 Tina 2013.05.29 No.826 Minna 2013.05.31 No.827 Aileen 2013.06.03 No.828 Dora 2013.06.05 No.829 Minna 2013.06.07 No.830 Yoyo 2013.06.10 No.831 Winnie 2013.06.14 No.832 Tiara 2013.06.17 No.833 Sarah 2013.06.19 No.834 Emmie 2013.06.21 No.835 Susan 2013.06.24 No.836 Anita 2013.06.26 No.837 Minna 2013.06.28 No.838 Tina 2013.07.01 No.839 Sara 2013.07.03 No.840 Minna 2013.07.05 No.841 Cindy 2013.07.08 No.842 Vicni 2013.07.12 No.843 Lilian 2013.07.15 No.844 Abby 2013.07.17 No.845 Sabrina 2013.07.19 No.846 Susan 2013.07.22 No.847 Lucy 2013.07.24 No.848 Sarah 2013.07.26 No.849 Yoyo 2013.07.29 No.850 Anita 2013.07.31 No.851 Miki 2013.08.02 No.852 Tina 2013.08.05 No.853 Vicni 2013.08.09 No.854 Sara 2013.08.12 No.855 Abby 2013.08.14 No.856 Cindy 2013.08.16 No.857 Yoyo 2013.08.19 No.858 Lucy 2013.08.21 No.859 Minna 2013.08.23 No.860 Tiara 2013.08.26 No.861 Avy 2013.08.28 No.862 Tina 2013.08.30 No.863 Luffy2013.09.09 No.867 Winnie 2013.09.13 No.868 Susan 2013.09.13 No.869 Yoyo 2013.09.16 No.870 Avy 2013.09.18 No.871 Miki 2013.09.20 No.872 Vanessa 2013.09.23 No.873 Sara 2013.09.25 No.874 Sabrina 2013.09.27 No.875 Cindy 2013.09.30 No.876 Winnie 2013.10.02 No.877 Miki 2013.10.04 No.878 Sarah 2013.10.07 No.879 Dora 2013.10.09 No.880 Abby 2013.10.11 No.881 Yoyo 2013.10.14 No.882 Vicni 2013.10.16 No.883 Cindy 2013.10.18 No.884 Anit 2013.10.21 No.885 Abby 2013.10.23 No.886 Dana 2013.10.25 No.887 Yoyo 2013.10.28 No.888 Sara 2013.10.30 No.889 Lilian 2013.11.01 No.890 Stephy 2013.11.04 No.891 Anita 2013.11.06 No.892 Cindy 2013.11.08 No.893 Tina 2013.11.11 No.894 Vicni 2013.11.13 No.895 Dana 2013.11.15 No.896 Tiara 2013.11.18 No.897 Lucy 2013.11.20 No.898 Tina 2013.11.22 No.899 Stephy 2013.11.25 No.900 Winnie 2013.11.27 No.901 Chu 2013.11.29 No.902 Susan 2013.12.02 No.903 Dora 2013.12.04 No.904 Minna 2013.12.06 No.905 Miki 2013.12.09 No.906 Winnie 2013.12.11 No.907 Cindy 2013.12.13 No.908 Kaylar 2013.12.16 No.909 Dora 2013.12.18 No.910 Minna 2013.12.20 No.911 Susan2013.12.27 No.915 Cindy 2013.12.30 No.916 Lorraine 2014.01.01 No.917 Emmie 2014.01.03 No.918 Yoyo 2014.01.06 No.919 Avy 2014.01.08 No.920 Stephy 2014.01.10 No.921 Kaylar 2014.01.13 No.922 Vicni 2014.01.15 No.923 Sabrina 2014.01.17 No.924 Cindy 2014.01.20 No.925 Lorraine 2014.01.22 No.926 Minna 2014.01.24 No.927 Yoyo 2014.01.27 No.928 Avy 2014.01.29 No.929 Sabrina 2014.01.31 No.930 Vicni 2014.02.03 No.931 Anita 2014.02.05 No.932 Emmie 2014.02.07 No.933 Stephy 2014.02.10 No.934 Abby 2014.02.12 No.935 Miso 2014.02.14 No.936 Tiara 2014.02.17 No.937 Sara 2014.02.19 No.938 Dana 2014.02.21 No.939 Flora 2014.02.24 No.940 Anita 2014.02.26 No.941 Chu 2014.02.28 No.942 Tina 2014.03.03 No.943 Winnie 2014.03.05 No.944 Chu 2014.03.07 No.945 Susan 2014.03.10 No.946 Abby 2014.03.12 No.947 Tiara 2014.03.14 No.948 Flora 2014.03.17 No.949 Sara 2014.03.19 No.950 Alice 2014.03.21 No.951 Dana 2014.03.24 No.952 Winnie 2014.03.26 No.953 Minna 2014.03.28 No.954 Susan 2014.03.31 No.955 Vicni 2014.04.02 No.956 Miki 2014.04.04 No.957 Tina 2014.04.07 No.958 Dora 2014.04.09 No.959 Tiara2014.04.14 No.961 Sara 2014.04.16 No.962 Minna 2014.04.18 No.963 Yoyo 2014.04.21 No.964 Chu 2014.04.23 No.965 Stephy 2014.04.25 No.966 Miki 2014.04.28 No.967 Sarah 2014.04.30 No.968 Sabrina 2014.05.02 No.969 Flora 2014.05.05 No.970 Dora 2014.05.07 No.971 Tiara 2014.05.09 No.972 Kaylar 2014.05.12 No.973 Winnie 2014.05.14 No.974 Sarah 2014.05.16 No.975 Yoyo 2014.05.19 No.976 Miso 2014.05.21 No.977 Cindy 2014.05.23 No.978 Stephy 2014.05.26 No.979 Chu 2014.05.28 No.980 Winnie 2014.05.30 No.981 Tina 2014.06.02 No.982 Vicni 2014.06.04 No.983 Lynn 2014.06.06 No.984 Cindy 2014.06.09 No.985 Anita 2014.06.11 No.986 Alice 2014.06.13 No.987 Miki。

Unit 3 A Dill Pickle

2. Role play Dramatize the scene of their reencounter—pay attention to the subtlety of tone, look, and action.
3. Love counseling Imagine that you are a relationship counselor and give advice to the two lovers on what goes wrong in their relationship and how they can make up, if possible.
Vera
Questions for thinking: 1. How did Vera feel when she saw her former lover? Was she
still attached to him? 2. Why did Vera break up with the man six years earlier? 3. Do you think Vera left the man again for the same reasons as
Warming up Check-on Preview
Fill in the blanks. 1. He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face _l_it_
up as though he had _s_tr_u_c_k_ a match in a dark room. 2. He __l_a_y__down the orange and _ta_p_p_e_d_ on the table for the

现代大学英语精读第二版book3unit3资料

Objectives
Unit 3
Warming up
Warming up Questions/Activities
1. Retelling Reconstruct the story by chronological order—how they fell in love and then broke up, what might have happened to each of them during the time before they met again.
Warming up Check-on Preview
Fill in the blanks. 1. He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face _l_it_
up as though he had _s_tr_u_c_k_ a match in a dark room. 2. He __l_a_y__down the orange and _ta_p_p_e_d_ on the table for the
Objectives
1. Understand the story: theme & character.
2. Appreciate literature:
• read between the lines; • read the story from a particular perspective: feminism; • interpret the symbols.
• Bliss: and Other Stories (1923) ➢ Stream of consciousness ➢ Characters’ psychological activities with detailed

Sister Carrie及其婚姻观PPT

eventuallymarriedjune131944housefourpillars柱子majorworksfictionsistercarrie1900嘉丽妹妹jenniegerhardt1911珍妮姑娘trilogydesire欲望三部曲
About the Author
Dreiser was born in Terre Haute, Indiana,1874.He was died in 1945,aged 74. His father John Dreiser was a ayen in the Eifel region, and the author‘s mother Sarah was from the Mennonite farming community near Dayton, Ohio; she was disowned（否认） for marrying John and converting to Roman Catholicism. Theodore was the twelfth of thirteen children (the ninth of the ten surviving) Dreiser was raised a strict Catholic. American novelist and journalist.
She meets Charles Drouet,a traveling salesman, who is attracted to her beca use of her simple beauty and unspoiled manner.
Drouet want to carry her grip but Carrie refused. While he still be looking till her sister find her. When Carrie see her sister,she realises the change of affectional atmosphere. She still looking at Drouet and when he left, she feels much alone.

现代大学英语精读第二版book3unit3

A Dill Pickle
Katherine Mansfield
A Dill Pickle
Unit 3
W arming up
B ackground
T ext Analysis R einforcement
A Dill Pickle
Unit 3
Questions/Activities Check-on Preview Objectives
5.
The woman’s desire to be heard and understood
Text Analysis
Style
1. Characteristics of modernist writing: • • • • 2. symbolic images fragmented plot trivial subjects psychological insight—internal monologues, “stream of consciousness”
Warming up
Check-on Preview
Fill in the blanks.
1. 2. 3.
lit He closed his eyes an instant, but opening them his face ___ up as though he had ______ struck a match in a dark room.
• Marked the maturity of English short story; • Was often compared to Dickens and Chekhov.
Background
History
1. Women’s condition at the time: Women were advocated to cultivate such qualities as “tenderness of understanding, unworldliness and innocence, domestic affection, and above all, submissiveness in various degrees.” 2. “The Woman Question”: rising wave of feminist movement (late Victorian age to the early 20th century)

《老年健康管理》老年心脑血管疾病风险评估

教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
老年健康管理
第五章老年主要健康风险问题的预防与管理第三节老年心脑血管疾病的预防与管理
老年心脑血管疾病风险评估
第1页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
老年健康管理
老年心脑血管疾病风险评估
1. 心脑血管疾病危险因素研究 2.心脑血管疾病预警症状 3.心脑血管疾病风险评估研究
冠心病发作预警症状
①胸前区疼痛或不适，持续几分钟或反复出现疼痛可放射到左肩、臂、下颌或背部； ②呼吸困难或气短； ③恶心呕吐； ④轻度头晕头痛； ⑤突然冷汗、苍白。
第4页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
WHO/ISH心血管疾病风险预测图
第5页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
国人冠心病、缺血性脑卒中10年发病率危险度评估表
第6页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
老年健康管理
高血压病人心血管风险水平分层
第7页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
健康的生活方式
老年健康管理
①戒烟：
②健康饮食：少盐饮食；多吃水果蔬菜，富含纤维素食物；限制脂肪胆固醇食物； ③规律运动：每周运动5次,每次做至少30 分钟的体力活动。 ④控制体重； ⑤减少饮酒。
第2页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
老年健康管理脑卒中预警症状源自①面部、手臂或腿麻木乏力，特别是一侧身体麻木； ②错乱，说话困难或听不懂话； ③一只眼睛或双眼视物不清； ④行走困难，头昏眼花，走路不稳； ⑤不明原因的剧烈头痛； ⑥晕厥或意识丧失。
第3页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库
老年健康管理
第8页
教育部老年服务与管理专业教学资源库

Unit03ADillPickle现代大学英语精读第三册第三单元

From paragraph 21 and paragraph 22, what conclusion can you draw about Vera’s views on the man?
Part 2 (13-22) – appreciation
haunt (vt. / n.)
a haunting memory 让人魂牵梦绕的回忆
maniac (n.) [(informal) a person who has a very strong interest in a particular activity] = fanatic (n.)
He is a football maniac.(狂热追随者；球迷)
maniac (n.) [(psychology) a person suffering from mania]
maniac (n.) [a person who behaves in a uncontrolled way, not worrying about risks or danger]
Some maniac was running down the street waving a massive metal bar. (疯子；不知深浅的家伙)
to the ridiculous. (从天堂掉进地狱；从极好变为极差) Her plans were held up to ridicule.(受到公众嘲讽) You lay yourself open to ridicule wearing clothes like
that.(容易招致嘲讽)
stupid or unreasonable] (荒唐的事情) It was only later that she could see the absurdity (n.) of

精读3unit3 the dill pickle

2. romantic (she focused too much on spiritual life); 3. middle- class, but now in a very difficult situation;
Character analysis
The man's change
Six years ago Six years later
Implication of the Title
When do people eat dill pickles? What's the main function of dill pickles?
Normally, people usually eat them during the meals in order to stir up their appetite.
Experience
Career
vague about future and life, dreamy, indecisive. successful, having established his reputation He had not then found his career.
Detailed Analysis
Her refreshing originality and sensitiveness to beauty.
History
1. Women’s condition at the time:
Women were advocated（提倡） to cultivate such qualities as “tenderness of understanding, unworldliness and innocence, domestic affection, and above all, submissiveness（顺从） in various degrees.”

1-2007_-_Y_F_Han_-_PreparationofnanosizedMn3O4SBA15catalystforcomplet[retrieved-2016-11-15]

Preparation of nanosized Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst for complete oxidation of low concentration EtOH in aqueous solution with H 2O 2Yi-Fan Han *,Fengxi Chen,Kanaparthi Ramesh,Ziyi Zhong,Effendi Widjaja,Luwei ChenInstitute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences,1Pesek Road,Jurong Island 627833,Singapore Received 11May 2006;received in revised form 18December 2006;accepted 29May 2007Available online 2June 2007AbstractA new heterogeneous Fenton-like system consisting of nano-composite Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst has been developed for the complete oxidation of low concentration ethanol (100ppm)by H 2O 2in aqueous solution.A novel preparation method has been developed to synthesize nanoparticles of Mn 3O 4by thermolysis of manganese (II)acetylacetonate on SBA-15.Mn 3O 4/SBA-15was characterized by various techniques like TEM,XRD,Raman spectroscopy and N 2adsorption isotherms.TEM images demonstrate that Mn 3O 4nanocrystals located mainly inside the SBA-15pores.The reaction rate for ethanol oxidation can be strongly affected by several factors,including reaction temperature,pH value,catalyst/solution ratio and concentration of ethanol.A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed in order to explain the kinetic data.The rate for the reaction is supposed to associate with the concentration of intermediates (radicals: OH,O 2Àand HO 2)that are derived from the decomposition of H 2O 2during reaction.The complete oxidation of ethanol can be remarkably improved only under the circumstances:(i)the intermediates are stabilized,such as stronger acidic conditions and high temperature or (ii)scavenging those radicals is reduced,such as less amount of catalyst and high concentration of reactant.Nevertheless,the reactivity of the presented catalytic system is still lower comparing to the conventional homogenous Fenton process,Fe 2+/H 2O 2.A possible reason is that the concentration of intermediates in the latter is relatively high.#2007Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.Keywords:Hydrogen peroxide;Fenton catalyst;Complete oxidation of ethanol;Mn 3O 4/SBA-151.IntroductionRemediation of wastewater containing organic constitutes is of great importance because organic substances,such as benzene,phenol and other alcohols may impose toxic effects on human and animal anic efﬂuents from pharmaceu-tical,chemical and petrochemical industry usually contaminate water system by dissolving into groundwater.Up to date,several processes have been developed for treating wastewater that contains toxic organic compounds,such as wet oxidation with or without solid catalysts [1–4],biological oxidation,supercritical oxidation and adsorption [5,6],etc.Among them,catalytic oxidation is a promising alternative,since it avoids the problem of the adsorbent regeneration in the adsorption process,decreases signiﬁcantly the temperature and pressure in non-catalytic oxidation techniques [7].Generally,the disposalof wastewater containing low concentration organic pollutants (e.g.<100ppm)can be more costly through all aforementioned processes.Thus,catalytic oxidation found to be the most economical way for this purpose with considering its low cost and high efﬁciency.Currently,a Fenton reagent that consists of homogenous iron ions (Fe 2+)and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2)is an effective oxidant and widely applied for treating industrial efﬂuents,especially at low concentrations in the range of 10À2to 10À3M organic compounds [8].However,several problems raised by the homogenous Fenton system are still unsolved,e.g.disposing the iron-containing waste sludge,limiting the pH range (2.0–5.0)of the aqueous solution,and importantly irreversible loss of activity of the reagent.To overcome these drawbacks raised from the homogenous Fenton system,since 1995,a heterogeneous Fenton reagent using metal ions exchanged zeolites,i.e.Fe/ZSM-5has proved to be an interesting alternative catalytic system for treating wastewater,and showed a comparable activity with the homogenous Fenton system [9].However,most reported heterogeneous Fenton reagents still need UV radiation during/locate/apcatbApplied Catalysis B:Environmental 76(2007)227–234*Corresponding author.Tel.:+6567963806.E-mail address:han_yi_fan@.sg (Y .-F.Han).0926-3373/$–see front matter #2007Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.05.031oxidation of organic compounds.This might limit the application of homogeneous Fenton system.Exploring other heterogeneous catalytic system considering the above disadvantages,is still desirable for this purpose.Here,we present an alternative catalytic system for the complete oxidation of organic com-pounds in aqueous solution using supported manganese oxide as catalyst under mild conditions,which has rarely been addressed.Mn-containing oxide catalysts have been found to be very active for the catalytic wet oxidation of organic efﬂuents (CWO)[10–14],which is operated at high air pressures(1–22MPa)and at high temperatures(423–643K)[15].On the other hand,manganese oxide,e.g.MnO2[16],is well known to be active for the decomposition of H2O2in aqueous solution to produce hydroxyl radical( OH),which is considered to be the most robust oxidant so far.The organic constitutes can be deeply oxidized by those radicals rapidly[17].The only by-product is H2O from decomposing H2O2.Therefore,H2O2is a suitable oxidant for treating the wastewater containing organic compounds.Due to the recent progress in the synthesis of H2O2 directly from H2and O2[18,19],H2O2is believed to be produced through more economical process in the coming future.So,the heterogeneous Fenton system is economically acceptable.In this study,nano-crystalline Mn3O4highly dispersed inside the mesoporous silica,SBA-15,has been prepared by thermolysis of organic manganese(II)acetylacetonate in air. We expect the unique mesoporous structure may provide add-itional function(conﬁnement effect)to the catalytic reaction, i.e.occluding/entrapping large organic molecules inside pores. The catalyst as prepared has been examined for the complete oxidation of ethanol in aqueous solution with H2O2,or to say, wet peroxide oxidation.Ethanol was selected as a model organic compound because(i)it is one of the simplest organic compounds and can be easily analyzed,(ii)it has high solu-bility in water due to its strong hydrogen bond with water molecule and(iii)the structure of ethanol is quite stable and only changed through catalytic reaction.Presently,for theﬁrst time by using the Mn3O4/SBA-15catalyst,we investigated the peroxide ethanol oxidation affected by factors such as temperature,pH value,ratio of catalyst(g)and volume of solution(L),and concentration of ethanol in aqueous solution. In addition,plausible reaction mechanisms are established to explain the peroxidation of ethanol determined by the H2O2 decomposition.2.Experimental2.1.Preparation and characterization of Mn3O4/SBA-15 catalystSynthesis of SBA-15is similar to the previous reported method[20]by using Pluronic P123(BASF)surfactant as template and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS,98%)as silica source.Manganese(II)acetylacetonate([CH3COCH C(O)CH3]2Mn,Aldrich)by a ratio of2.5mmol/gram(SBA-15)wereﬁrst dissolved in acetone(C.P.)at room temperature, corresponding to ca.13wt.%of Mn3O4with respect to SBA-15.The preparation method in detail can be seen in our recent publications[21,22].X-ray diffraction proﬁles were obtained with a Bruker D8 diffractometer using Cu K a radiation(l=1.540589A˚).The diffraction pattern was taken in the Bragg angle(2u)range at low angles from0.68to58and at high angles from308to608at room temperature.The XRD patterns were obtained by scanning overnight with a step size:0.028per step,8s per step.The dispersive Raman microscope employed in this study was a JY Horiba LabRAM HR equipped with three laser sources(UV,visible and NIR),a confocal microscope,and a liquid nitrogen cooled charge-coupled device(CCD)multi-channel detector(256pixelsÂ1024pixels).The visible 514.5nm argon ion laser was selected to excite the Raman scattering.The laser power from the source is around20MW, but when it reached the samples,the laser output was reduced to around6–7MW after passing throughﬁltering optics and microscope objective.A100Âobjective lens was used and the acquisition time for each Raman spectrum was approximately 60–120s depending on the sample.The Raman shift range acquired was in the range of50–1200cmÀ1with spectral resolution1.7–2cmÀ1.Adsorption and desorption isotherms were collected on Autosorb-6at77K.Prior to the measurement,all samples were degassed at573K until a stable vacuum of ca.5m Torr was reached.The pore size distribution curves were calculated from the adsorption branch using Barrett–Joyner–Halenda(BJH) method.The speciﬁc surface area was assessed using the BET method from adsorption data in a relative pressure range from 0.06to0.10.The total pore volume,V t,was assessed from the adsorbed amount of nitrogen at a relative pressure of0.99by converting it to the corresponding volume of liquid adsorbate. The conversion factor between the volume of gas and liquid adsorbate is0.0,015,468for N2at77K when they are expressed in cm3/g and cm3STP/g,respectively.The measurements of transmission electron microscopy (TEM)were performed at Tecnai TF20S-twin with Lorentz Lens.The samples were ultrasonically dispersed in ethanol solvent,and then dried over a carbon grid.2.2.Kinetic measurement and analysisThe experiment for the wet peroxide oxidation of ethanol was carried out in a glass batch reactor connected to a condenser with continuous stirring(400rpm).Typically,20ml of aqueous ethanol solution(initial concentration of ethanol: 100ppm)wasﬁrst taken in the round bottomﬂask(reactor) together with5mg of catalyst,corresponding to ca.1(g Mn)/30 (L)ratio of catalyst/solution.Then,1ml of30%H2O2solution was introduced into the reactor at different time intervals (0.5ml at$0min,0.25ml at32min and0.25ml at62min). The total molar ratio of H2O2/ethanol is about400/1. Hydrochloric acid(HCl,0.01M)was used to acidify the solution if necessary.NH4OH(0.1M)solution was used to adjust pH to9.0when investigating the effect of pH.The pH for the deionized water is ca.7.0(Oakton pH meter)and decreased to 6.7after adding ethanol.All the measurements wereY.-F.Han et al./Applied Catalysis B:Environmental76(2007)227–234 228performed under the similar conditions described above if without any special mention.For comparison,the reaction was also carried out with a typical homogenous Fenton reagent[17], FeSO4(5ppm)–H2O2,under the similar reaction conditions.The conversion of ethanol during reaction was detected using gas chromatography(GC:Agilent Technologies,6890N), equipped with HP-5capillary column connecting to a thermal conductive detector(TCD).There is no other species but ethanol determined in the reaction system as evidenced by the GC–MS. Ethanol is supposed to be completely oxidized into CO2and H2O.The variation of H2O2concentration during reaction was analyzed colorimetrically using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Epp2000,StellarNet Inc.)after complexation with a TiOSO4/ H2SO4reagent[18].Note that there was almost no measurable leaching of Mn ion during reaction analyzed by ICP(Vista-Mpx, Varian).3.Results and discussion3.1.Characterization of Mn3O4/SBA-15catalystThe structure of as-synthesized Mn3O4inside SBA-15has beenﬁrst investigated with powder XRD(PXRD),and the proﬁles are shown in Fig.1.The proﬁle at low angles(Fig.1a) suggests that SBA-15still has a high degree of hexagonal mesoscopic organization even after forming Mn3O4nanocrys-tals[23].Several peaks at high angles of XRD(Fig.1b)indicate the formation of a well-crystallized Mn3O4.All the major diffraction peaks can be assigned to hausmannite Mn3O4 structure(JCPDS80-0382).By N2adsorption measurements shown in Fig.2,the pore volume and speciﬁc surface areas(S BET)decrease from 1.27cm3/g and937m2/g for bare SBA-15to0.49cm3/g and 299m2/g for the Mn3O4/SBA-15,respectively.About7.7nm of mesoporous diameter for SBA-15decreases to ca.6.3nm for Mn3O4/SBA-15.The decrease of the mesopore dimension suggests the uniform coating of Mn3O4on the inner walls of SBA-15.This nano-composite was further characterized by TEM. Obviously,the SBA-15employed has typical p6mm hex-agonal morphology with the well-ordered1D array(Fig.3a). The average pore size of SBA-15is ca.8.0nm,which is very close to the value(ca.7.7nm)determined by N2adsorption. Along[001]orientation,Fig.3b shows that the some pores areﬁlled with Mn3O4nanocrystals.From the pore A to D marked in Fig.3b correspond to the pores from empty to partially and fullyﬁlled;while the features for the SBA-15 nanostructure remains even after forming Mn3O4nanocrys-tals.Nevertheless,further evidences for the location of Mn3O4inside the SBA-15channels are still undergoing in our group.Raman spectra obtained for Mn3O4/SBA-15is presented in Fig.4a.For comparison the Raman spectrum was also recorded for the bulk Mn3O4(97.0%,Aldrich)under the similar conditions(Fig.4b).For the bulk Mn3O4,the bands at310,365, 472and655cmÀ1correspond to the bending modes of Mn3O4, asymmetric stretch of Mn–O–Mn,symmetric stretch of Mn3O4Fig.1.XRD patterns of the bare SBA-15and the Mn3O4/SBA-15nano-composite catalyst.(a)At low angles:(A)Mn3O4/SBA-15,(B)SBA-15;and (b)at high angles of Mn3O4/SBA-15.Fig.2.N2adsorption–desorption isotherms:(!)SBA-15,(~)Mn3O4/SBA-15.Y.-F.Han et al./Applied Catalysis B:Environmental76(2007)227–234229groups,respectively [24–26].However,a downward shift ($D n 7cm À1)of the peaks accompanying with a broadening of the bands was observed for Mn 3O 4/SBA-15.For instance,the distinct feature at 655cm À1for the bulk Mn 3O 4shifted to 648cm À1for the nanocrystals.The Raman bands broadened and shifted were observed for the nanocrystals due to the effect of phonon conﬁnement as suggested previously in the literature [27,28].Furthermore,a weak band at 940cm À1,which should associate with the stretch of terminal Mn O,is an indicative of the existence of the isolated Mn 3O 4group [26].The assignment of this unique band has been discussed in our previous publication [22].3.2.Kinetic study3.2.1.Blank testsUnder a typical reaction conditions,that is,20ml of 100ppm ethanol aqueous solution (pH 6.7)mixed with 1ml of 30%H 2O 2,at 343K,there is no conversion of ethanol was observed after running for 120min in the absence of catalyst or in the presence of bare SBA-15(5mg).Also,under the similar conditions in H 2O 2-free solution,ethanol was not converted for all blank tests even with Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst (5mg)in the reactor.It suggests that a trace amount of oxygen dissolved in water or potential dissociation of adsorbed ethanol does not have any contribution to the conversion of ethanol under reaction conditions.To study the effect of low temperature evaporation of ethanol during reaction,we further examined the concentration of ethanol (100ppm)versus time at different temperatures in the absence of catalyst and H 2O 2.Loss of ca.5%ethanol was observed only at 363K after running for 120min.Hence,to avoid the loss of ethanol through evaporation at high temperatures,which may lead to a higher conversion of ethanol than the real value,the kinetic experiments in this study were performed at or below 343K.The results from blank tests conﬁrm clearly that ethanol can be transformed only by catalytic oxidation during reaction.3.2.2.Effect of amount of catalystThe effect of amount of catalyst on ethanol oxidation is presented in Fig.5.Different amounts of catalyst ranging from 2to 10mg were taken for the same concentration of ethanol (100ppm)in aqueous solution under the standard conditions.It can be observed that the conversion of ethanol increases monotonically within 120min,reaching 15,20and 12%for 2,5and 10mg catalysts,respectively.On the other hand,Fig.5shows that the relative reaction rates (30min)decreased from 0.7to ca 0.1mmol/g Mn min with the rise of catalyst amount from 2to 10mg.Apparently,more catalyst in the system may decrease the rate for ethanol peroxidation,and a proper ratio of catalyst (g)/solution (L)is required for acquiring a balance between the overall conversion of ethanol and reaction rate.In order to investigate the effects from other factors,5mg (catalyst)/20ml (solution),corresponding to 1(g Mn )/30(L)ratio of catalyst/solution,has been selected for the followedexperiments.Fig.4.Raman spectroscopy of the Mn 3O 4/SBA-15(a)and bulk Mn 3O 4(b).Fig.3.TEM images recorded along the [001]of SBA-15(a),Mn 3O 4/SBA-15(b):pore A unﬁlled with hexagonal structure,pores B and C partially ﬁlled and pore D completely ﬁlled.Y.-F .Han et al./Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 76(2007)227–2342303.2.3.Effect of temperatureAs shown in Fig.6,the reaction rate increases with increasing the reaction temperature.After 120min,the conversion of ethanol increases from 12.5to 20%when varying the temp-erature from 298to 343K.Further increasing the temperature was not performed in order to avoid the loss of ethanol by evaporation.Interestingly,the relative reaction rate increased with time within initial 60min at 298and 313K,but upward tendency was observed above 333K.3.2.4.Effect of pHIn the pH range from 2.0to 9.0,as illustrated in Fig.7,the reaction rate drops down with the rise of pH.It indicates that acidic environment,or to say,proton concentration ([H +])in the solution is essential for this reaction.With considering our target for this study:purifying water,pH approaching to 7.0in the reaction system is preferred.Because acidifying the solution with organic/inorganic acids may potentially causea second time pollution and result in surplus cost.Actually,there is almost no effect on ethanol conversion with changing pH from 5.5to 6.7in this system.It is really a merit comparing with the conventional homogenous Fenton system,by which the catalyst works only in the pH range of 2.0–5.0.3.2.5.Effect of ethanol concentrationThe investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration on the reaction rate was carried out in the ethanol ranging from 50to 500ppm.The results in Fig.8show that the relative reaction rate increased from 0.07to 2.37mmol/g Mn min after 120min with increasing the concentration of ethanol from 50to 500ppm.It is worth to note that the pH value of the solution slightly decreased from 6.7to 6.5when raising the ethanol concentration from 100to 500ppm.paring to a typical homogenous Fenton reagent For comparison,under the similar reaction conditions ethanol oxidation was performed using aconventionalFig.5.The ethanol oxidation as a function of time with different amount of catalyst.Conversion of ethanol vs.time (solid line)on 2mg (&),5mg (*)and 10mg (~)Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst,the relative reaction rate vs.time (dash line)on 2mg (&),5mg (*)and 10mg (~)Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst.Rest conditions:20ml of ethanol (100ppm),1ml of 30%H 2O 2,708C and pH of6.7.Fig.6.The ethanol oxidation as a function of temperature.Conversion of ethanol vs.time (solid line)at 258C (&),408C (*),608C (~)and 708C (!),the relative reaction rate vs.time (dash line)at 258C (&),408C (*),608C (~)and 708C (5).Rest conditions:20ml of ethanol (100ppm),1ml of 30%H 2O 2,pH of 6.7,5mg ofcatalyst.Fig.7.The ethanol oxidation as a function of pH value.Conversion of ethanol vs.time (solid line)at pH value of 2.0(&),3.5(*),4.5(~),5.5(!),6.7(^)and 9.0("),the relative reaction rate vs.time (dash line)at pH value of 2.0(&),3.5(*),4.5(~),5.5(5),6.7(^)and 9.0(").Rest conditions:20ml of ethanol (100ppm),1ml of 30%H 2O 2,708C,5mg ofcatalyst.Fig.8.The ethanol oxidation as a function of ethanol concentration.Conver-sion of ethanol vs.time (solid line)for ethanol concentration (ppm)of 50(&),100(*),300(~),500(!),the relative reaction rate vs.time (dash line)for ethanol concentration (ppm)of 50(&),100(*),300(~),500(5).Condi-tions:20ml of ethanol,pH of 6.7,1ml of 30%H 2O 2,708C,5mg of catalyst.Y.-F .Han et al./Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 76(2007)227–234231homogenous reagent,Fe 2+(5ppm)–H 2O 2(1ml)at pH of 5.0.It has been reported to be an optimum condition for this system [17].As shown in Fig.9,the reaction in both catalytic systems exhibits a similar behavior,that is,the conversion of ethanol increases with extending the reaction time.Varying reaction temperature from 298to 343K seems not to impact the conversion of ethanol when using the homogenous Fenton reagent.Furthermore,the conversion of ethanol (deﬁning at 120min)in the system of Mn 3O 4/SBA-15–H 2O 2is about 60%of that obtained from the conventional Fenton reagent.There are no other organic compounds observed in the reaction mixture other than ethanol suggesting that ethanol directly decomposing to CO 2and H 2O.3.2.7.Decomposition of H 2O 2In the aqueous solution,the capability of metal ions such as Fe 2+and Mn 2+has long been evidenced to be effective on the decomposition of H 2O 2to produce the hydroxyl radical ( OH),which is oxidant for the complete oxidation/degrading of organic compounds [9,17].Therefore,ethanol oxidation is supposed to be associated with H 2O 2decomposition.The investigation of H 2O 2decomposition has been performed under the reaction conditions (in an ethanol-free solution)with different amounts of catalyst.H 2O 2was introduced into the reaction system by three steps,initially 0.5ml followed by twice 0.25ml at 32and 62min,the pH of 6.7is set for all experiments except pH of 5.0for Fe 2+.As shown in Fig.10,H 2O 2was not converted in the absence of catalyst or presence of bare SBA-15(5mg);in contrast,by using the Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst we observed that ca.Ninety percent of total H 2O 2was decomposed in the whole experiment.It can be concluded that that dissociation of H 2O 2is mainly caused by Mn 3O paratively,the rate of H 2O 2decomposition is relatively low with the homogenous Fenton reagent,total conversion of H 2O 2,was ca.50%after runningfor 120min.Considering the fact that H 2O 2decomposition can be signiﬁcantly enhanced with the rise of Fe 2+concentration,however,it seems not to have the inﬂuence on the reaction rate for ethanol oxidation simultaneously.The similar behavior of H 2O 2decomposition was also observed during ethanol oxidation.The rate for ethanol oxidation is lower for Mn 3O 4/SBA-15comparing to the conventional Fenton reagent.The possible reasons will be discussed in the proceeding section.3.3.Plausible reaction mechanism for ethanol oxidation with H 2O 2In general,the wet peroxide oxidation of organic constitutes has been suggested to proceed via four steps [15]:activation of H 2O 2to produce OH,oxidation of organic compounds withOH,recombination of OH to form O 2and wet oxidation of organic compounds with O 2.It can be further described by Eqs.(1)–(4):H 2O 2À!Catalyst =temperture 2OH(1)OH þorganic compoundsÀ!Temperatureproduct(2)2 OHÀ!Temperature 12O 2þH 2O(3)O 2þorganic compoundsÀ!Temperature =pressureproduct(4)The reactive intermediates produced from step 1(Eq.(1))participate in the oxidation through step 2(Eq.(2)).In fact,several kinds of radical including OH,perhydroxyl radicals ( HO 2)and superoxide anions (O 2À)may be created during reaction.Previous studies [29–33]suggested that the process for producing radicals could be expressed by Eqs.(5)–(7)when H 2O 2was catalytically decomposed by metal ions,such asFeparison of ethanol oxidation in systems of typical homogenous Fenton catalyst (5ppm of Fe 2+,20ml of ethanol (100ppm),1ml of 30%H 2O 2,pH of 5.0acidiﬁed with HCl)at room temperature (~)and 708C (!),and Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst (&)under conditions of 20ml of ethanol (100ppm),pH of 6.7,1ml of 30%H 2O 2,708C,5mg ofcatalyst.Fig.10.An investigation of H 2O 2decomposition under different conditions.One milliliter of 30%H 2O 2was dropped into the 20ml deionized water by three intervals,initial 0.5ml followed by twice 0.25ml at 32and 62min.H 2O 2concentration vs.time:by calculation (&),without catalyst (*),SBA-15(~),5ppm of Fe 2+(!)and Mn 3O 4/SBA-15(^).Rest conditions:5mg of solid catalyst,pH of 7.0(5.0for Fe 2+),708C.Y.-F .Han et al./Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 76(2007)227–234232and Mn,S þH 2O 2!S þþOH Àþ OH (5)S þþH 2O 2!S þ HO 2þH þ(6)H 2O $H þþO 2À(7)where S and S +represent reduced and oxidized metal ions,both the HO 2and O 2Àare not stable and react further with H 2O 2to form OH through Eqs.(8)and (9):HO 2þH 2O 2! OH þH 2O þO 2(8)O 2ÀþH 2O 2! OH þOH ÀþO 2(9)Presently, OH radical has been suggested to be the main intermediate responsible for oxidation/degradation of organic compounds.Therefore,the rate for ethanol oxidation in the studied system is supposed to be dependent on the concentra-tion of OH.Note that the oxidation may proceed via step four (Eq.(4))in the presence of high pressure O 2,which is so-called ‘‘wet oxidation’’and usually occurs at air pressures (1–22MPa)and at high temperatures (423–643K)[15].However,it is unlikely to happen in the present reaction conditions.According to Wolfenden’s study [34],we envisaged that the complete oxidation of ethanol may proceed through a route like Eq.(10):C 2H 5OH þ OH À!ÀH 2OC 2H 4O À! OHCO 2þH 2O(10)Whereby,it is believed that organic radicals containing hydroxy-groups a and b to carbon radicals centre can eliminate water to form oxidizing species.With the degrading of organic intermediates step by step as the way described in Eq.(10),the ﬁnal products should be CO 2and H 2O.However,no other species but ethanol was detected by GC and GC–MS in the present study possibly due to the rapid of the reaction that leads to unstable intermediate.Fig.5indicates that a proper ratio of catalyst/solution is a necessary factor to attain the high conversion of ethanol.It can be understood that over exposure of H 2O 2to catalyst will increase the rate of H 2O 2decomposition;but on the other hand,more OH radical produced may be scavenged by catalyst with increasing the amount of catalyst and transformed into O 2and H 2O as expressed in Eq.(3),instead of participating the oxidation reaction.In terms of Eq.(10),stoichiometric ethanol/H 2O 2should be 1/6for the complete oxidation of ethanol;however,in the present system the total molar ratio is 1/400.In other words,most intermediates were extinguished through scavenging during reaction.This may explain well that the decrease of reaction rate with the rise of ratio of catalyst/solution in the system.The same reason may also explain the decrease of reaction rate with prolonging the time.Actually,H 2O 2decomposition (ca.90%)may be completed within a few minutes over the Mn 3O 4/SBA-15catalyst as illustrated in Fig.10,irrespective of amount of catalyst (not shown for the sake of brevity);in contrast,the rate for H 2O 2decomposition became dawdling for Fe 2+catalyst.As a result,presumably,the homogenous system has relatively high concentration ofradicals.It may explain the superior reactivity of the conventional Fenton reagent to the presented system as depicted in Fig.9.Therefore,how to reduce scavenging,especially in the heterogeneous Fenton system [29],is crucial for enhancing the reaction rate.C 2H 5OH þ6H 2O 2!2CO 2þ9H 2O(11)On the other hand,as illustrated by Eqs.(1)–(4),all steps in the oxidation process are affected by the reaction temperature.Fig.6demonstrates that increasing temperature remarkably boosts the reactivity of ethanol oxidation in the system of Mn 3O 4/SBA-15–H 2O 2possibly,due to the improvement of the reactions in Eqs.(2)and (4)at elevated temperatures.In terms of Eqs.(6)and (7),acidic conditions may delay the H 2O 2decomposition but enhance the formation of OH (Eqs.(5),(8)and (9)).This ‘‘delay’’is supposed to reduce the chance of the scavenging of radicals and improve the efﬁciency of H 2O 2in the reaction.The protons are believed to have capability for stabilizing H 2O 2,which has been elucidated well previously [18,19].Consequently,it is understandable that the reaction is favored in the strong acidic environment.Fig.7shows a maximum reactivity at pH of 2.0and the lowest at pH of 9.0.As depicted in Fig.8,the reaction rate for ethanol oxidation is proportional to the concentration of ethanol in the range of 50–500ppm.It suggests that at low concentration of ethanol (100ppm)most of the radicals might not take part in the reaction before scavenged by catalyst.With increasing the ethanol concentration,the possibility of the collision between ethanol and radicals can be increased signiﬁcantly.As a result,the rate of scavenging radicals is reduced relatively.Thus,it is reasonable for the faster rate observed at higher concentration of ethanol.Finally,it is noteworthy that as compared to the bulk Mn 3O 4(Aldrich,98.0%of purity),the reactivity of the nano-crystalline Mn 3O 4on SBA-15is increased by factor of 20under the same typical reaction conditions.Obviously,Mn 3O 4nanocrystal is an effective alternative for this catalytic system.The present study has evidenced that the unique structure of SBA-15can act as a special ‘‘nanoreactor’’for synthesizing Mn 3O 4nanocrystals.Interestingly,a latest study has revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles could be immobilized on alumina coated SBA-15,which also showed excellent performance as a Fenton catalyst [35].However,the role of the pore structure of SBA-15in this reaction is still unclear.We do expect that during reaction SBA-15may have additional function to trap larger organic molecules by adsorption.Thus,it may broaden its application in this ﬁeld.So,relevant study on the structure of nano-composites of various MnO x and its role in the Fenton-like reaction for remediation of organic compounds in aqueous solution is undergoing in our group.4.ConclusionsIn the present study,we have addressed a new catalytic system suitable for remediation of trivial organic compound from contaminated water through a Fenton-like reaction withY.-F .Han et al./Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 76(2007)227–234233。

懂得爱（新版）3：混乱与创造-第三章

第三章人性化的机会日常生活中，大部分人际互动都发生在权力和控制的政治层面。

以卑劣的方式遂行控制是政治，善意地互相照顾也是政治；商业世界的狡猾手段是政治，宗教世界看似利他的活动也是政治；政治会发生在小孩的游戏场，也见于舞厅和酒吧（那是大人的游戏场）；政治会发生在家中，也出现在高山上的滑雪胜地；不论是买衣服或杂货、订机票或买电器，几乎都可以看到政治性的人际互动。

人性化的互动能增进人与人之间的亲密感，但有许多人会因此倍感威胁。

如果你公开宣扬这个理念，就会被批评为粗鲁、不合宜、疯狂或危险。

对你的批评和排斥可以减轻保守人士的焦虑，所以你一旦跨出物化的框框，就立刻面对排斥的危险，但也可以借此看出你依赖环境的程度，所以只有少数人会在公开场合表现人性化的一面。

可是，在私领域表现人性，却有更巨大的危险，因为可能被你所爱的人排斥，而对你造成更大的影响。

分享愤怒如果想在公开场合表现愤怒，需要先检视你做好多少心理准备。

虽然这样做不容易，但其实社会大众对于这种感受的表达，具有相当大的接纳度，比如你在旅馆或超市受到不当的对待而生气时。

愤怒的表达方式通常是责备、胁迫，这是大多数人可以接受的方式，你顶多被人批评为没水准，或根本没人理你，但你一般不会因此而受伤。

同样的，你也可能在家里以威胁的方式发脾气或责备人，如果声音够大或动作够明显，就容易控制别人，这种以权力为基础的方式常常会成功。

但如果你和伴侣想要的是成长，就要用更脆弱和人性化的方式分享愤怒，也许一样大声，但没有责备和胁迫。

在一开始的愤怒反应之后，承诺会“打扫干净”，坦承自己的方式不成熟，或是承认行为背后的受伤或害怕，以好奇心分享所有感受的起源。

你会因脆弱而产生亲密感，得以瞥见自己的内心深处。

这种做法比你在公众场合的愤怒行为更具有危险性，因为亲密伴侣如果是你最爱的人，你会害怕被对方抛弃。

人性化的分享虽然有危险，但走出心墙和防卫的物化立场具有许多潜在的益处。

理想的情况是最终学会如何成为一个人：跳脱忽略人性的规条、义务和期待！通过“关系花园”中亲密关系的发展，最终会发现自己能超脱物化角色的限制和障碍。

第3版美英报刊阅读教程（端木版）目录

目录第1单元社会群体1．Who We Are Now?(当今美国种族成分)知识介绍：移民之国语言简说：报刊英语特色2．The Lost Generation(迷惘的一代)知识介绍：内战后的几代人语言简说：美国社会群体相关词语3．The Year of the(Business)Woman(妇女企业家的从政之年)知识介绍：美国妇女地位语言简说：《美国新闻与世界报道》简介4．Think Again：Global Aging(全球老龄化问题的重新思考)知识介绍：全球人口老龄化语言简说：委婉语第2单元家庭婚姻5．Dating and Mating for Over-35s(大龄青年恋爱与结婚)知识介绍：英美大龄末婚现象语言简说：标题修辞6．Working at Home: Family-friendly?(在家办公是否有益家庭生活？)知识介绍：家庭与工作关系语言简说：标题常用符号7．The Future of Abortion(堕胎问题的发展前景)知识介绍：美国妇女堕胎问题语言简说：《新闻周刊》介绍8．The War over “Family Values”(家庭价值观的论战)知识介绍：美国单亲家庭语言简说：报刊用喻第3单元文教娱乐9．Me Me Media(个性化的媒体)知识介绍：Web 2．0：一场新的网络变革语言简说：《读者文摘》简介10．Reining in the Test of Tests(严控高考题型)知识介绍：高校招生语言简说：新闻标题的结构11．Plot Claange：Foreign Forces Tr aforin HollywoodFilms(改变好莱坞电影的外国因素)知识介绍：美国电影全球化策略语言简说：词语+er构词12．Get Moving!(动起来!)知识介绍：健康与锻炼语言简说：《时代》周刊介绍第4单元衣食住行13．The Decline of Neatness(行为标准的蜕化)知识介绍：美国人的穿着语言简说：闲适性评论语言特色14．The Deadly Noodle(~命的饮食)知识介绍：饮食与肥胖语言简说：词语文化内涵15．Thrown Together in a Crisis，Strange Share Ca and LifeStories(危难时拼车相聚，陌生人亲切交谈)知识介绍：纽约公交罢工语言简说：《纽约时报》简介16．“Exurbs”Floudsh，but Is This Really What WeWant?(城市远郊扩张，是否符合愿望?) 【2版1单元L4】知识介绍：城市无序扩张语言简说：拼缀词第5单元观念风尚17．How Anglo Is America(美国特性中有多少英国文化成分)知识介绍：英国文化对美国文化影响深远语言简说：派生构词18．Economic Downturn Has More Folks Stashing TheirCash(经济衰退促使更多人存款)知识介绍：美国人消费观的变化语言简说《今日美国报》简介19．Do the Elderly Want to Work?(老年人想干工作吗？)知识介绍：美国退休问题语言简说：报刊常用俚语20．Regular Folks Get the Star Treatment(普通人享受日月星待遇)知识介绍：美国人爱美容语言简说：特写常用导语第6单元政治体制21．Who's Sorry Now?(是谁在难受?)知识介绍：游说活动语言简说：词性转化22．What Deep Throat did(“深喉”到底做了什么？)知识介绍：水门事件语言简说：新闻报道引语23．The Neocon Revolution(新保守主义革命)知识介绍：新保守主义语言简说：报刊翻译常见错误24．Ever Higher Society，Ever Harde r to Ascend(社会阶梯越来越高，地位攀升越来越难)知识介绍：美国阶级状况语言简说：词义变化第7单元企业经济25．E-Biz Strikes Again!(电子商务再次袭击)知识介绍：电子商务语言简说：网络新词常用词缀26．Why the Dollar's Reign Is Near an End(美元统治地位缘何即将结束)知识介绍：美元地位语言简说：习语活用27．The Grapes of wrath，Again(“愤怒的葡萄”情景再现)知识介绍：美国非法移民语言简说：报刊常用典故28．The Changing Face of American Jobs(美国就业市场的变化)知识介绍：美国劳力市场结构变化语言简说：复合词第8单元科技军事29．GPS NaVigation Moves to Your Pa lm(全球定位系统装置进入手中)知识介绍：GPS的前世今生语言简说：名词定语30．Medicine's Wild Kingdom(生物医学的王国)知识介绍：生物制药语言简说：前置定语31．Power Revolution(能源革命)知识介绍：再生能源语言简说：缩略词32．Cadets Trade the Trenches for F irewalls(军校学员的网络战演习)知识介绍：网络战语言简说：标题短词第9单元社会问题33．The Other America(美国的另外一面)知识介绍：卡特里娜飓风语言简说：嵌入结构34．In Congress，the Uphill Battle for Gun Control(国会限枪之战难以取胜)知识介绍：枪支问题语言简说：外刊与文化35．Should Drugs Be Legalized?(毒品应该合法化吗？)知识介绍：美国吸毒问题语言简说：称号、职务前置36．Homeless U．S．A(美国的无家可归问题)知识介绍：美国住房情况语言简说：解释性报道第10单元世界风云37．Three Lessons from London(伦敦爆炸案的教训)知识介绍：恐怖主义语言简说：借代38．After the Flames(骚乱平息后的反思)知识介绍：移民问题语言简说：“说”意动词39．The Weakest Link(世界最弱的环节)知识介绍：伊拉克战争语言简说：外报外刊中意识形态的表现40．Fight for the T0p of the World(北极之争)知识介绍：北极之争语言简说：版面与图片。