11-Measure Step 02-A (Intro to SPC)

合集下载

SPC的步骤

– 5 is a reasonable choice for an initial investigative chart
• Take at least 25 subgroups • Enter the data in column form (Minitab)
– Response is one column – The subgroup number or designation can be put in another column,
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟
but is not necessary for equal sizes
• In Minitab: Stat > Control Charts > Xbar - R
– Enter the Response Column – Enter either the subgroup size or the subgroup column
•Variable •Lot/Unit Size
•c
•u
•Percent/Fraction •Defective
•(Binomial Distribution)
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟
•np
•p
控制圖的發展及使用
推行控制圖的4個階段 1. 抽樣計劃 - 計劃組的容量、抽樣頻率、子組的數
目. 2. 收集數據 - 從新的、有代表性樣本的過程收集數
SPC的步驟
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟
2020年4月13日星期一
•控制图的选择
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟
•如何使用控制图
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟
控制圖
控制圖是SPC的主要部份及靈魂，用以

Six Sigma 12 Steps (六西格玛的12个步骤)

If the definition of what makes a defect (the specification) is not in the same units of measure as the selected Y from step 1, you have the wrong spec.
Step 4 - Measure Phase
Establish Process Capability
I know what I want to fix (step1), what deWfinheas titiass ogouorddoer fbeacdt(srtaepte2)t,oadndayI c?an
Step 2 - Define Performance Standards Step 3 - Validate Measurement System Step 4 - Establish Process Capability Step 5 - Define Performance Objectives Step 6 - Identify Variation Sources Step 7 - Screen Potential Causes Step 8 - Discover Variable Relationships Step 9 - Establish Operating Tolerances Step 10 - Validate Measurement System Step 11 - Determine Process Capability Step 12 - Implement Process Controls
Six Sigma Methodology
Define Performance Objectives

三星全套六西格玛01定义GBM01Sixsigma介绍36300

Intro- Six Sigma 介绍 - 16
Rev 2.0
Six Sigma的特征
顾客中心
Six Sigma 战略 : 识别顾客重视的 CTQ(Critical To Quality:重要品质特性) ，并执行其改善的Project 。
例1) 宾馆 Conference
提供者 (宾馆)
顾客 (会议参加者)
Proprietary to Samsung Electronics Company
Intro- Six Sigma 介绍 - 14
Rev 2.0
在Six Sigma中可使用的测度
COPQ(Cost of Poor Quality) :低品质费用 RTY(Rolled Throughput Yield) : 累积数率 FTY(First Time Yield) : 初期数率 YNor(Normalized Yield) : 标准化数率 DPU (Defects per Unit) DPO (Defects per Opportunity) DPMO (Defects per Million Opportunities) 工程能力指数(Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk) 水准
Intro- Six Sigma 介绍 - 20
Rev 2.0
Intro- Six Sigma 介绍 - 6
Rev 2.0
Six Sigma 概要
什么叫Six Sigma?
不仅制品设计和制造，而且包括事务间接、支援等全部种类的
Process中消除缺陷，离目标距离最小化，而创出组织利益
同时提高顾客满足度的革新战略。
可测定的目标
- 对Process能力的定量性达成目标 - 3.4 DPMO (Defects per Million Opportunities)

什么是SPC(PPT 75页)

境：一定的环境条件下的微小变化
……
在普通原因影响下，过程的输出呈现稳定的分布是可预测的。
特殊原因
过程中偶然发生的某个环节的特殊变异：如：
操作人员的更换
刀具崩刃新的原材料操作程序变更
的其中一种或几种
气温骤降
……
在特殊原因的影响下，过程的分布会改变
• 位置（均值）改变 • 分布宽度（最小值与最大值之间的距离）改变 • 形状改变（偏斜）
Subtitle Unit of measure Title Unit of measure
什么是SPC？
PRELIMINARY
LLeeggeenndd LLeeggeenndd LLeeggeenndd Legend Legend
1 Fußnote Quelle: McKinsey
Seite 1
什么是 SPC （统计过程控制）
●原则上,应该用于有数量特性或参数和持续性的所有工艺过程;
●SPC使用的领域是大规模生产; ●多数企业，SPC用于生产阶段; ●在强调预防的企业，在开发阶段也用SPC。
Subtitle Unit of measure
Title Unit of measure
过程
SPC基本原理
人、机、料、法、测、环
从分析阶段转入控制阶段
在什么条件下分析阶段确定的控制限可以转入控制阶段使用：
生产过程是受控的过程能力能够满足生产要求
控制阶段
控制图的控制界限由分析阶段确定；控制图上的控制界限与该图中的数据无必
然联系；使用时只需把采集到的样本数据或统计量
在图上打点就行；
何时应该重新计算控制界限
运用SPC能？

SPC学习资料

传统观点
LSL Nom USL
最新观点 LSL Nom USL
Cost
SPC-18
Cost
可容纳的水准
3. Data收集及变动的理解变动的理解流程散布的特征:
– 所有的流程由因果关系联系的Process构成.
– 散布要生产产品或服务时流程统一意味着不做出一定的结果. – 所有的流程都存在散布. – Input 变量, Process 变量的异常变动引起 Y 变量的变动. – Data 的散布确认通过Run chart或 I 管理图实现.
35
Individuals
UCL=32.89 MU=20.39
25 15 5
Observation0 10 20 30
LCL=7.887
SPC-3
目录
1. SPC的概要
2. SPC的必要性 3. Data 收集及理解变动 4. Data 种类别制作管理图 5. SPC 应用的例
6. 管理图的应用方法
SPC-17
3. Data收集及变动的理解变动的理解在工程中散布的允许水准:
– 传统观点 : 下列情况可以允许散布.
• 流程位于目标位置 • 总散布比 spec.少 • 流程经过一段时间也会呈现出安定的状态
–
最新观点 :
• 在管理规格内,离 target越远，从 target的距离平方成比例品质费用会增大. (Taguchi loss function)
Statistical Process Control
统计工程管理
测定
所有的 X 一次变量 List 选定 List
分析
改善管理*
SPC-1
重要 X 选定重要 X 管理

六西格玛的12个步骤介绍

Step 3 - Measure Phase
measure the Y? Can you trust your data?
If you can’t measure something, how do you know where you are, where you have been, or where you are going?
What is the specification or level of performance
If you don’t know what makes somreqthuinigregodobdyorthbaedc, huoswtocmaneyro?u measure the problem
Step 4 - Measure Phase
Establish Process Capability
I know what I want to fix (step1), what dWefinheastitiassoguoorddoerfbeacdt(srtaepte2)t,oadnadyI c?an
this is also step 8 – the bottom of the funnel, the final vital X’s
Step 8 - Improve Phase
Transactional - use OFAT approach.
Discover Variable Relationships Now that I know which ones actually cause the defect, how should they be set so they produce the least amount of defects?

step特征提取-概述说明以及解释

step特征提取-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分是对整篇文章的一个简要介绍，旨在引导读者了解文章的主要内容和目的。

对于这篇文章，我们可以这样编写概述部分的内容：概述Step特征提取是一种在数据处理和机器学习领域中广泛应用的技术，它能够从数据中提取出具有代表性和重要性的特征。

本文将深入探讨Step 特征提取的定义、背景、方法和技术，并探讨其在数据分析和决策制定中的重要性和优势。

通过研究Step特征提取的发展趋势和未来的发展方向，我们可以更好地理解和应用这一技术，以实现更准确、高效的数据分析和决策支持。

让我们一起来探索Step特征提取的世界吧！1.2 文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以包括以下内容：文章结构部分的主要目的是介绍整篇文章的框架和内容安排。

通过清晰地呈现文章的结构，读者可以更好地理解文章的逻辑和思路，有助于读者快速定位到自己感兴趣的内容。

本篇文章的结构主要包括引言、正文和结论三个部分。

引言部分主要介绍了本文的概述、文章的结构和目的。

在概述中可以简要说明Step特征提取的背景和重要性，引起读者对该主题的兴趣。

在文章结构部分，则详细介绍了各个章节的内容与目的。

正文部分是本篇文章的重点部分，主要包括Step特征提取的定义和背景以及方法和技术。

在定义和背景部分，可以详细解释Step特征提取的概念、作用和应用领域，引用相关的研究成果和理论基础，展示该方法的重要性和研究价值。

在方法和技术部分，则可以介绍Step特征提取的具体方法和技术，包括各种算法、模型和工具的使用和优缺点，并且结合实例或案例进行说明。

结论部分是对整篇文章进行总结和展望的部分。

首先，总结Step特征提取的重要性和优势，回顾与刚开始阐述的目的和论述的内容是否相符。

然后，展望未来Step特征提取的发展方向，提出可能的研究方向和改进方法，为读者提供思考和讨论的空间。

通过以上的文章结构的安排，读者可以更好地理解和阅读该篇文章，系统地了解Step特征提取的定义、方法和发展趋势，对相关领域的研究和应用具有一定的指导和参考意义。

中平测量的操作流程

中平测量的操作流程英文回答：Median Sagittal Plane (MSP)。

The median sagittal plane (MSP) is a vertical planethat divides the body into left and right halves. It passes through the midline of the body and is parallel to the frontal plane. The MSP is used as a reference plane for many anatomical measurements.Measurement of the MSP.The MSP can be measured using a variety of techniques, including:Anthropometry: Anthropometry is the study of human body measurements. Anthropometric measurements can be used to estimate the MSP.Imaging: Imaging techniques, such as MRI and CT scans, can be used to visualize the MSP.Surface scanning: Surface scanning is a technique that uses a laser or other device to create a three-dimensional model of the body. Surface scanning can be used to measure the MSP.Procedure for Measuring the MSP.The following is a general procedure for measuring the MSP:1. Position the subject. The subject should be standing upright with their feet shoulder-width apart.2. Identify the midline of the body. The midline of the body is a vertical line that runs from the top of the head to the bottom of the feet.3. Measure the distance from the midline to the left and right sides of the body. This can be done using a tapemeasure or other measuring device.4. Calculate the average of the two measurements. This will give you the distance from the midline to the MSP.中文回答：中平面的测量。

SPC

什么叫SPC
SPC技术原理
统计过程控制（SPC）是一种借助数理统计方法的过程控制工具，他对生产过程进行分析评价，根据反馈信息及时发现系统性因素出现的征兆，并采取措施消除其影响，使过程维持在仅受随机性因素影响的受控状态，以达到控制质量的目的。当过程仅受随机因素影响时，过程处于统计控制状态（简称受控状态）；当过程中存在系统因素的影响时，过程处于统计失控状态（简称失控状态）。由于过程波动具有统计规律性，当过程受控时，过程特性一般服从稳定的随机分布；而失控时，过程分布将发生变化。SPC正是利用过程波动的统计规律性对过程进行分析控制的。因而，它强调过程在受控和有能力的状态下运行，从而使产品和服务稳定地满足顾客的要求。

Individual Chart 个体图看上去像一个运行图，但现在它们为数据提供了一些工程控制限
选择数据
3.2-14
Data的GRAPH化 I Chart
I C h a r t o f 不良数
10 UCL=10.06
8
Individual Value
6
_ X=5.57
4
2 LCL=1.07 0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 Observation 22 25 28
3.2-15
Data 种类别管理图制作
Types of Data
计数值 (Attribute Data) – 是/不是 – 良好/不良 – 营业所1,2,3 – 交代组 1,2,3组 – 能数 (文件里的错别字, 选定的商品数等)
计量值 (Variable Data) – 连续数据(小数点也用意义) • 时间 (秒) • 速度 (ft/min) • 长度 (inches) • 等等
(1) 公司生产的每台洗衣机的RPM (2) 一个班次生产的部品的平均RPM (3) 拖板标签上的打印缺陷数 (4) 每份销售合同的打字错误数 (5) 月生产中脱离规格的部品数

SPC manual最终版

规格趋向目标值减少差异
审核规格，看是否适用
- 13 -
Statistical Process Control
统计及统计分布
统计 Statistics
收集、整理、展示、分析、解析统计数据
由样本(Sample)推论母体/群体(Population)
能在不确定情况下作决策
是一门科学方法、决策工具
样本均值
i
总体标准差
i
样本标准差
2
=

N
X N
i1
x =

n
x
i=1
n
=
(X
i =1
N
i
)
N
ˆ s
x
i 1
n
i
x
2
n 1
- 18 -
Statistical Process Control
描述中心趋势的统计量
Mean: 算术平均值
反映所有数据值的影响
受极端值的影响强烈
n
x
n 1

xn
n
Median: 中位数值
不需要计算所有的数据值不受极端值的影响
当数据是奇数个时，中位数是数据按顺序排列后的最中间的数值；当数据是偶数
个时，中位数是数据按顺序排列后的最中间两位的平均值。
Mode: 众数
在数据组中出现频率最多的数值
2014年12月
-2 -
Statistical Process Control
目录
第一章 SPC统计过程控制概论 …………………… 5~11
第二章第三章
SPC理论讲解 ……………………………… 12~31 控制图的应用……………………………… 33~185

Measure Step 03 (MSA)-文档资料

= Discrimination
= Accuracy
(Bias)?
= Precision
(Measurement Error)?
6. Do you have results of a:
= Test-Retest (Repeatability only) Study? (Determines Measurement Error or “lack-of-precision”)
Any information we gather about process behavior must first pass through a sensory system.
Inputs
Process
Outputs
2001, General Electric Company, USA. All rights reserved
-- the “Measurement Process”.
Inputs
Process
Parts (Example)
Outputs
Inputs
Measurement Outputs Process
• Observations • Measurements • Information • Data
2001, General Electric Company, USA. All rights reserved
2001, General Electric Company, USA. All rights reserved
Version 4 3/01
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
GE Confidential
1
g
A Process:
Inputs

Advanced Test Equipment Corp Surftest SJ-210 Serie

評価長さRzRzRz R t Rz R t RzRzRz R tThe Surftest SJ-210 is a user-friendly surface roughnessmeasurement instrument designed as a handheld tool that can be carried with you and used on-site.2.4-inch color graphic LCD with backlightThe color LCD provides excellent readability and an intuitive display that's easy to navigate.The LCD also includes a backlight for improved visibility in dark environments.Simple key layoutComplies with many industry standardsThe Surftest SJ-210 complies with the following standards: JIS (JIS-B0601-2001, JIS-B0601-1994, JIS B0601-1982), VDA, ISO-1997, and ANSI.Displays assessed profiles and graphical dataIn addition to calculation results, the Surftest SJ-210 can display sectionalcalculation results and assessed profiles, load curves, and amplitude distribution curves.Advanced data storage capabilitiesOptional memory cardPassword protectionAccess to each feature can be password-protected, which prevents unintended operations and allows you to protect your settings.Multilingual supportThe display interface supports 16 languages, which can be freely switched.Stylus alarm (patent pending in Japan)An alarm warns you when the cumulative measurement distance exceeds a preset limit.Easy to useExtensive analysis and display featuresHighly functional評価長さ02040Rmr(c),%平均線cZ t 2Z t 3Z t 4Z t 5Z t 6High-speed USB communication Memory card supportData can be transferred to and from a computer via the high-speed USB interface.The memory card slot lets you store large amounts of data onto a memory card.Applicable standards In addition to JIS and ISO, the Surftest SJ-210 also complies with ANSI and VDA standards.Battery The battery charges in onequarter the time of previous Mitutoyo products.There are many different kinds of drive units and detectors available.Operation keys Color graphic LCD Backlight Large, 2.4-inch LCD Multilingual support The display interface supports 16 languages.Drive unit step.Many features in a compact bodyExtensive display features that assist measurementAdvanced features Advanced data storage capabilities Stylus alarm function Easy setting Setting parameters and recalculating results ●The highly visible 2.4-inch color graphic LCD with backlightlets you see the screen easily even in dark environments.●The multilingual display interface supports 16 languages, which can be freely switched.●Access to features can be password-protected.●A quick-charge, long-life battery is provided.●An alarm warns you when the cumulativemeasurement distance exceeds a preset limit. This feature can be used to prevent problems that would be caused by worn out styli.Any value can be specified as the limit. (Patent pending in Japan)●by pressing the left and right arrow keys under the sliding cover. For example, these keys can be used to switch the cut-off value (λc) and the number of sampling lengths (N) on the measurement screen.(Patent pending in Japan)●The required parameters can be selected from the screen. The sub-menu also lets you specify detailed settings such as the tolerance. After completing measurement, the parameters can be changed and calculation can be executed again* using the new parameters. *May not be possible, depending onthe measurement conditions.●Many interface options:•A USB interface is equipped as standard.•The Surftest SJ-210 also provides an RS-232C output, Digimatic output, printer output, and footswitch input.●Assessed profiles, load curves, and amplitude distribution curves can be displayed in addition to calculation results. Assessed profiles can also be zoomed up and down.●Pass/fail results are displayed in color.●The display mode can be freely switched between portrait and landscape.●Calculation results are displayed in large characters.(Example of the measurement screen)●Up to 10 measurement conditions can be stored in the internal memory. Conditions can be quickly read according to the workpiece.●An optional memory card can be used as an extended memory to store large quantities of measured profiles and conditions. *See page 10 for details about the memory card.Detector / Drive UnitsA wide variation in system setup is possible with the detector + drive unit + display unit combination.Highly functional detectors and drive unitsOptional detectors Carrying case display unit and reattached in one easy step.Selectable from the following two items.●Measuring force: 0.75mNStylus profile: Tip radius 2µmTip angle 60°●Measuring force: 4mNStylus profile: Tip radius 5µmTip angle 90°A wide range of optional detectors is available, including detectors for small holes, extra small holes, gear tooth surfaces, and deep grooves.*See page 8 for details about the Detectors.[Storing drive unit in Display unit]A convenient carrying case is supplied as standard for protecting theinstrument in the field.Drive units • Popular standard drive unit• The detector is in the retracted position at rest so it is immune from damage when inserted intoa feature whose profile cannot beeasily seen, such as a blind hole, etc.Battery-powered portability scores when making surface roughness measurements onthe shop floor.Capable of performing measurements in any orientation, including vertical and upside-down. Optional accessories, such as a height gage adapter, allow measurements to be performed efficiently in various situations and setups.*Refer to pages 8 to 11 for details of the optional accessories available.• Best suited for measurement of narrow, shrouded workpiece features such as crankshaft, EDM parts, etc.(Patent Registered in Japan)SpecificationsSee page 10 for details about the SJ-210 printer.*2: Standard deviation only can be selected in ANSI. 16% rule cannot be selected in VDA.*3: Auto-sleep function is invalid when AC adaptor is used.*4: For connecting the calculation display unit and drive unit.Dimension Display Unit and Drive UnitDisplay unit, Drive unitUnit:inch(mm)(26.7)● Drive unit not stored inside display unit (Standard detector installed in drive unit)● Drive unit stored inside display unit (Standard detector installed in drive unit)Without back face cover With back face coverDimensions Detectors and Drive unitsDetectors Unit: inch(mm)Drive unit accessoriesOptional Accessories For Drive UnitNo.12AAE644*Transverse tracing drive unit type standard accessories.*Dedicated to the transverse tracing drive unit. No.12AAA216*Not attachable to the detector side of the transverse tracing drive unit.No.12AAA221 (ø8mm)No.12AAA220 (ø9.5mm)*Not available for theNo.178-033The V-width is adjustable to the cylinder diameter facilitating axialmeasurement of a wide range of cylinder diameters.• Adjustable range: ø 5 ~ 150mmNo.178-034Best suited for measurement of the flat surface of a workpiece that has partial indentions and steps and that ishard to set the drive unit. Combination use with the magnet type specimen holder (Option No. 12AAA910) further improves the ease of operation.No.178-035Greatly facilitates measurement of internal wall surfaces, for example, a cylinder block.• Applicable diameter: ø 75 ~ ø 95mm • Accessible depth: 30 ~ 135 mmNo.12AAA218*Not available for the transverse tracing drive unit.*Dedicated to the transverse No.12AAA219*Not available for the transverse tracing drive unit.No.12BAA303*For connecting between calculation display unit and drive unit.Setting attachments * Not available for the transverse tracing drive unitSupport feet set No.12AAA216Enhances measurement efficiency by facilitating the measurement setup of multiple workpieces of the same type and of the hard-to-access sections of a workpiece.Optional Accessories For External EquipmentUnit configuration:①Printer main unit②Printer connecting cable ③Printing paper 6-pack ④Battery pack 1 piece ⑤Exclusive use AC a daptor (with AC power cord)1 piece*Not all memory cards can be re cognized. Pleas e us e the memory card recommended by Mitutoyo.By connecting this printer to the Surftest SJ-210's digimatic output, you can print calculation results, perform a variety of statistical analyses, draw a histogram or D chart, and also perform complicated operations for X-R control charts.A memory card for saving 500 measurement conditions, 10,000 measured profiles, 500 display images, text file (measurementconditions, measured profiles, assessed profiles, BAC, ADC)Example of the output by the printer264-504-5ASJ-210→DP-1VR Connecting cable 1m: No. 936937 Digimatic SPC cable 2m: No. 965014 Digimatic SPC cablePrinter for SJ-210 supplies:Printing paper (5-pack) No. 12AAA876No. 12AAL069Printer for SJ-210 Digimatic mini processor DP-1VRMemory card 178-421AAssessed profiles and calculation results and curves can be printedout by connecting the SJ-210-dedicated printer, which is palm sized 3.7 x 4.9 x 2.7" (W×D×H: 93×125×70mm) and can run on an internal battery.■Power supply can be selected. (AC adapter or battery pack)■ P rintable items: Measurement conditions, calculation results, assessed profile, bearing area curve (BAC), amplitude distribution curve (ADC), and environment settings.Example of the connection with SJ-210A footswitch is used to trigger measurement. This tool is very useful in cases where you need to measure the same workpiece multiple times using jigs and other fixtures.Surftest SJ-210 calculation results can be loaded directly into commercial spreadsheet software via this unit simply by connecting it to the USB connector on a computer or a PS/2 type keyboard connector. (See Catalog No. E4250-264 for details.)No. 12AAJ088The Surftest SJ-210 has a USB interface, enabling data to be transferred to spreadsheet or other software.We also provide a program that lets you create inspection record tables using a Microsoft Excel* macro.The optional USB cable is also required.• USB cable for SJ-210 series (2m)No. 12AAL068*Windows OS and Microsoft Excel are products ofMicrosoft Corporation.Required environment*:Optional Accessories For External OutputFootswitch Simplified communication program for SURFTEST SJ seriesInput Tool: Calculation results input unit USB keyboard signal conversion model IT-012U No. 264-012-10PS/2 keyboard signal conversion model IT-005D No. 264-005• OS: Windows XP-SP3 Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8 (32/64bit)• Spreadsheet software: Microsoft Excel 2002Microsoft Excel 2003 Microsoft Excel 2007 Microsoft Excel 2010/13*Will not work with MS Excel 2016Coordinate Measuring Machines Vision Measuring SystemsTest Equipmentand SeismometersForm Measurement Optical MeasuringSmall Tool Instrumentsand Data Management©216MitutoyoAmericaCorporationNote: All inform ation regarding our products, and in particular the illustrations, drawings, dimdata contained in this printed matter as well as other technical data are to be regarded as approximate average values. We。

SPC统计过程控制程序中英文

QUALITY SYSTEMS PROCEDUREStatistical Process Control统计过程控制REFERENCES: (a)SPC User's Guide(b)STA-200 X(bar)-R(c)STA-300 Capability Studies1.0PURPOSE(目的 )To define the Statistical Process Control applications for our production inspect process.为了规范生产检验过程的SPC的控制。

2.0SCOPE（范围）This procedure is applied to all the production part and process need to SPC control.本文件适用于公司内有SPC监控要求的所有产品及工艺。

3.0 FUNCTIONS AFFECTED（涉及部门）Quality（质量部）Production （生产）Project （项目）Design （设计）Engineering （工程）Quality System （质量系统）4.0DEFINITIONS（定义）4.1 The primary determinate in control chart selection is Data Type.选择控制图最基本的决定条件是数据类型。

4.1.1 Continuous data: the data from testing, for example: label dimensions.计量型数据: 通过测量得到的数据,如标签尺寸。

4.1.2 Attribute data: the data from counting, the attribute data have two outcome (Pass/Fail,Good/NG).计数型数据: 通过点数得到的数据, 计数型数据只有两个值(合格/不合格, 通过/不通过)。