Web_Security_Programming_II

合集下载

新世纪大学英语综合教程第四册新理念单元测试答案U2-C

新世纪（第二版）综合B4U2-C（试卷总分：100分）Part I Listening Comprehension ( 8 minutes )Directions: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer.∙1. A) She is on the train.该选项共0人选择B) She's looking at a time table.该选项共2人选择C) She needs to buy a map.该选项共0人选择D) She's taking pictures.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: I can't find the arrival times for the New York to Boston trains on this schedule.M: Look for New York in the left-hand column and follow i t across until you find the hour listed in the Boston column.Q: What is the woman doing?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙2. A) A shop assistant.该选项共0人选择B) A telephone operator.该选项共0人选择C) A wai t ress.该选项共2人选择D) A clerk.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: How about the food I ordered? I've been waiting for twenty minutes already.W: I'm very sorry, sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute.Q: What's the woman's job?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙3. A) The idea of the paper is convincing.该选项共0人选择B) Some parts of the paper are not well written.该选项共2人选择C) The handwriting is not good.该选项共0人选择D) The paper is not complete.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: What do you think of my paper?M: Well, the idea is quite good. Were I you, I'd rewrite the last two paragraphs to make it better.Q: What does the man think about the woman's paper?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙4. A) The classes have improved his health.该选项共2人选择B) His new glasses fit better than the old ones.该选项共0人选择C) He's thinking of taking chess classes.该选项共0人选择D) He's unhappy about his life.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: You look great since you took those yoga and dancing classes.M: Thanks. I've never felt better in my life.Q: What does the man imply?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙5. A) Colleagues.该选项共0人选择B) Employer and employee.该选项共0人选择C) Husband and wife.该选项共0人选择D) Mother and son.该选项共2人选择∙∙∙Script: W: John, what are you doing on your computer? Don't you remember your promise?M: This is not a game. It's only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D∙6. A) The woman will follow the man wherever he goes.该选项共0人选择B) The man and the woman are lost.该选项共2人选择C) The man and the woman will go different routes from each other.该选项共0人选择D) The woman doesn't agree that it is the best route.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: Don't you think if we stick to the road path rather than wander off into the forest, we'll at least have a better chance of coming across someone?W: I think I'd go along with you there.Q: What can be inferred about the speakers?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙7. A) He did almost nothing.该选项共0人选择B) He played the main role in the project.该选项共0人选择C) He just did his part of the work.该选项共2人选择D) He was indispensable to the working team.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W:I'm proud of you, building that bridge. I t's the greatest thing I have ever seen in my life.M:Oh, I am only a small part of a team. There are more than 200 professional people on this job.Q:What does the man think of his contribution to the building of the bridge?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙8. A) He stayed at home.该选项共1人选择B) He bought a car.该选项共1人选择C) He made more money.该选项共0人选择D) He went traveling.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Where did you go for your holidays this year?M: Well, we're trying to save money to buy a car. So we decided not to go away.Q: What did the man do during the holidays?∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙9. A) She is jogging.该选项共0人选择B) She is shopping.该选项共2人选择C) She is working.该选项共0人选择D) She is drinking milk.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M:Where is Cindy now?W:She ran out of milk and went out to get some.Q:What is Cindy most probably doing now?∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙10. A) The lost of some TV equipment.该选项共0人选择B) The delay in the delivery of certain goods.该选项共1人选择C) The improper functioning of the audi t department.该选项共0人选择D) The mistake made in the Atlantic Company's order.该选项共1人选择∙∙∙Script: M:Excuse me. I am from the Atlantic TV Appliances Company. I'd like to make some enquiries about our goods that we ordered two weeks ago.W:Oh yes ... but your order went to the audi t department by mistake. That's why there was a delay.Q:What problem are the two speakers talking about?∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：BPart II Reading Comprehension ( 24 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each c hoice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.∙The US software developer that claimed Green Dam-Youth Escort software infringed (侵犯……的权利)the copyright of their product is attempting to stop more computers 11 from using the software.California-based Solid Oak sent "cease and desist" letters to other US personal computer manufacturers besides Dell and Hewlett Packard, which had already received letters on Tuesday, Jenna DiPasquale, head of Solid Oak PR and Marketing, told China Daily yesterday. DiPasquale didn't provide the names of the computer manufacturers. Dell and HP had 12 received "cease and desist" letters from the company,13 them to stop distributing computers containing the alleged copied software on Tuesday.DiPasquale said yesterday she had no update yet on the possibility of filing suit in China against the two Chinese developers of Green Dam pornographic filter, Jinhui Computer System Engineering Co. and Dazheng Human Language Technology Co. But Solid Oak has been approached by several law firms in China who have 14 their services, according to DiPasquale.Zhang Chenmin, general manager of Jinhui, could not be reached for comment Thursday but said 15 this week that the software programs might have similarities but the code was not stolen. "After all, they areall well-known international pornographic websites that all porn-filters are meant to block. We didn't steal their programming code," Zhang said Sunday. An official of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) said the ministry had not received any 16 documents regarding Green Dam's possible lawsuit, so he 17 to make any comments yesterday.The Green Dam-Youth Escort software has been18 , as the Chinese government paid 41.7 million yuan ($6 million) and ordered that the software must be included in all computers sold on the mainland from July 1."Despite the wide criticisms about the software, the Chinese government has responsibility to 19 the youngsters from harmful information from the Internet," the Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said yesterday. Qin refused to 20 on the copyright infringement claims against the software.∙11. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：O∙12. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：L∙13. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：K∙14. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：J∙15. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：I∙16. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：F∙17. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：H∙18. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：E∙19. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙20. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：ASection BDirections: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.∙Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.On a Saturday night at the end of May, visitors to the forums section of Digital Sp y, a British entertainment and media news Web site, were greeted with an ad that loaded malicious(恶意的)software onto their computers. The Web site's advertising system had been hacked.A number of such attacks have occurred this year, as perpetrators(肇事者)exploit the complex structureof business relationships in online advertising, with its numerous middlemen and resellers. Web security experts say they have seen an uptick in the number of ads harboring malware as the economy has soured and publishers, needing to boost their ad revenues, outsource(外包)more of their ad-space sales.Viruses can be incorporated directly within an ad, so that simply clicking on the ad or visiting the site can infect a computer, or ads can be used to direct users to a nefarious(违法的,恶意的)Web site that aims to steal passwords or identities. In most cases, the problem becomes apparent wi t hin a matter of hours and quick fixes are put in place, but that's not fast enough for Internet surfers whose computers end up infected or compromised., a technology news site owned by Ziff Davis Enterprise, in February displayed an ad on its homepage masquerading as a promotion for LaCoste, the shirt maker. The retailer hadn't placed the ad — a hacker had, to direct users to a Web site where harmful programs would be downloaded to their computers, says Stephen Wellman, Director of Community & Content for Ziff Davis.Similar attacks occurred across a series of News Corp.-owned sites in February, including , and . In January, clicking on an ad on Major League Baseball's led visitors to a site wi t h malware.Digital Spy, Ziff Davis, Fox and MLB all say that immediately after they detected the incidents, they isolated the ads and removed them from their sites.Digital Spy sells the ad space on its forums section, visited by three million unique visitors a month, through a number of other companies, called ad networks. If one ad network doesn't sell the space to a marketer directly, it often will sell it to another network. The space also can be outsourced to ad exchanges, another set of companies, which hold an electronic auction(拍卖)for online ads.Web publishers say they have started limiting the number of companies they outsource their ad selling to and are working with security vendors, such as San Francisco-based ClickFacts, to detect malicious software on their networks and remove i t as quickly as possible.Ad technology companies and Internet companies say they, too, are making efforts to boost the security of their systems. Microsoft, Google and Time Warner's AOL say they use a series of technical and manual procedures to scan for malicious code in their systems.21. How many names of websites have been mentioned in this passage?A) 8.该选项共0人选择B) 7.该选项共0人选择C) 6.该选项共2人选择D) 5.该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C22. What will be the best title for the passage?A) Web Ad Sales Open Door to Viruses该选项共1人选择B) Fighting Against Viruses该选项共1人选择C) Viruses and Internet Users该选项共0人选择D) Calling for a Better Internet该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A23. A computer may be infected wi t h viruses from an ad if ________.A) the user's password is stolen该选项共0人选择B) the ad website harboring malware is visited该选项共0人选择C) the user is directed by the ad to a wicked website该选项共0人选择D) Both B) and C)该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D24. According to the passage, this war against the ad viruses involves the following enterprises EXCEPT________.A) web publishers该选项共0人选择B) Ad technology companies该选项共0人选择C) Internet companies该选项共0人选择D) software companies该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D25. Which of the following will have the closest meaning of the underlined word "masquerading" in Para.4?A) R egarding.该选项共0人选择B) Pretending.该选项共2人选择C) Appearing.该选项共0人选择D) Operating.该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Traditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally．For example, disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed wi t h high-yield wheat to combine these properties. This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.Genetic engineering (GE) involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes wi t h each other. GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species — e.g. putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes. It is possible thata scorpion toxin gene, even when it is in maize DNA, will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin,but what other effects may it have in this alien environment？We are already seeing this problem —adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow —but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed, which was entirely unpredictable.It will be obvious, for example, that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA, but what side-effect would it have？In other words, is GM food(转基因食品)safe to eat？The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.Companies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests．Monsanto's soya beans were apparently fed to fish for ten weeks before being approved. There was no requirement for independent testing, for long-term testing, for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.The current position of the UK Government is that "There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods." In the US, the American Food and Drug Administration (AFDA) is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods．26. Genetic engineering ________.A) involves crossing varieties of the same species该选项共0人选择B) is safe and fairly predictable该选项共0人选择C) is dangerous and entirely unpredictable该选项共0人选择D) covers the exchange of genes between different species该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D27. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The side-effect of adding human growth hormone to pigs is that pigs may acquire some diseases ofhuman.该选项共0人选择B) Human intelligence gene functions differently in human DNA and in cabbage DNA.该选项共0人选择C) In the UK or USA, a GM product cannot be approved before the results of its safety tests areprovided.该选项共0人选择D) Tests show that GM foods have specific dangers to children or allergic people.该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D28. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.该选项共0人选择B) The UK government and the US government have different attitudes towards GM foods.该选项共0人选择C) The AFDA in the US was charged wi t h concealing some research findings.该选项共1人选择D) The governments of UK and US are protecting the GM foods.该选项共1人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D29. The possible title for the passage might be .A) Safe to Eat?该选项共2人选择B) GM Food Needs该选项共0人选择C) Genetic Engineering该选项共0人选择D) A New Way of Breeding该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A30. What's the writer's attitude towards GM food?A) Neutral.该选项共2人选择B) Positive.该选项共0人选择C) Negative.该选项共0人选择D) Indifferent.该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对0人，答错2人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：CPart III Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes )Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.∙31. Life depends on the _________ between the heat received from the sun and the heat lost to coolersurroundings.A) relationship该选项共0人选择B) contrast该选项共0人选择C) exchange该选项共0人选择D) balance该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙32. The team's attempt to win the game was _____ by the opposing goalkeeper.A) shocked该选项共0人选择B) frustrated该选项共2人选择C) given up该选项共0人选择D) caught up该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙33. The house was very quiet, ___________ as it was on the side of a mountain.A) isolated该选项共2人选择B) isolating该选项共0人选择C) being isolated该选项共0人选择D) having been isolated该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙34. It _______ me to think about the consequence of your action because it would cause a disaster.A) terrified该选项共2人选择B) annoyed该选项共0人选择C) feared该选项共0人选择D) disappointed该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙35. Parents take a great interest in the _______ questions raised by their children.A) nasty该选项共0人选择B) naive该选项共2人选择C) obscure该选项共0人选择D) offensive该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B36. He got down from the jeep and walked into the villa, his shirt crumpled, and his footsteps ____.A) weary该选项共2人选择B) faint该选项共0人选择C) weak该选项共0人选择D) fragile该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙37. I'm ______ enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three strongteams.A) realistic该选项共0人选择B) radical该选项共0人选择C) aware该选项共0人选择D) conscious该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙38. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _______ housework as carryingwater and firewood.A) time-consumed该选项共0人选择B) timely-consuming该选项共0人选择C) timely-consumed该选项共0人选择D) time-consuming该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙39. As he has ______ our patience, we'll not wait for him any longer.A) torn该选项共0人选择B) wasted该选项共0人选择C) exhausted该选项共2人选择D) consumed该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙40. The shape of China has usually been compared ________ a cock.A) wi t h该选项共0人选择B) to该选项共2人选择C) as该选项共0人选择D) against该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B41. It is important to ____ between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language.A) determine该选项共0人选择B) distinguish该选项共2人选择C) explore该选项共0人选择D) identify该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙42. The ______ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in thelife style of the people.A) implementation该选项共0人选择B) expedition该选项共0人选择C) demonstration该选项共0人选择D) manifestation该选项共2人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙43. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ______ operation, he quickly recovered hissight.A) precise该选项共0人选择B) considerate该选项共0人选择C) delicate该选项共2人选择D) sensitive该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙44. The ink has _____ through the thin paper onto the picture beneath.A) soared该选项共0人选择B) softened该选项共0人选择C) soaked该选项共2人选择D) sobbed该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙45. The car _______ well to the controls.A) reflects该选项共0人选择B) replies该选项共0人选择C) responds该选项共2人选择D) corresponds该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C46. In a ______ sense, civilization is measured by how well people can get along with each other and worktogether.A) large该选项共1人选择B) wide该选项共0人选择C) expansive该选项共0人选择D) broad该选项共1人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙47. Lower tariffs(关税)and the growth of population and industry caused trade to ______ in the 19thcentury.A) soar该选项共1人选择B) ascend该选项共1人选择C) hover该选项共0人选择D) glide该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙48. Increasing the military share of the ______ world product has been possible only by reducing civilianconsumption.A) clumsy该选项共0人选择B) crude该选项共1人选择C) coarse该选项共0人选择D) gross该选项共1人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙49. If I ______ make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the filmwith you last night.A) were not to该选项共1人选择B) am not to该选项共0人选择C) shall not该选项共1人选择D) have not to该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙50. Thanks to the advance of science, many ______ materials have been invented which can be usedinstead of natural rubber.A) analytic该选项共0人选择B) synthetic该选项共2人选择C) counterfeit该选项共0人选择D) synthesis该选项共0人选择∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：BPart IV Error Correction ( 10 minutes )Directions: In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.To correct these mistakes, you may need to change, delete or add a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.∙The accuracy of scientific observations and calculationsis always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods.For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promiseof more precise timekeeping.In their research for precision, scientists have turned to 51. __________atomic clocks that depend on various vibrated atoms or molecules 52. __________to supply their "ticking" . This is possible so each kind 53. __________of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration.The nitrogen atom in ammonia(氨), for an example, vibrates or "ticks" 54. __________24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably losemore than a second in 3,000 years. It will be of great importance 55. __________in fields such as astronomy. Cesium(铯)is an atom that vibrates 9.2billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiled water. 56. __________An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule maybe used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein'srelativity theories, according to i t a clock in motion and a clock 57. __________in rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite58. __________moving at a speed of 18,000 mile an hour, the clock could broadcast 59. __________its time readings to a ground station, where they would be comparedwith the readings on a similar model. However differences develop 60. __________would be checked against the differences predicted.∙51. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：In their search for precision, scientists have turned to∙52. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules∙53. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：to supply their "ticking" . This is possible because each kind∙54. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对0人，答错2人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）： The nitrogen atom in ammonia(氨), for example, vibrates or "ticks"∙55. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1.00分）：no more than a second in 3,000 years. It will be of great importance∙56. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling wate r. ∙57. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1.00分）：relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock∙58. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对0人，答错2人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）：in rest should keep time differently. Placed at an orbi t ing satellite∙59. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对2人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast ∙60. ______________________∙该题共2人答题，答对1人，答错1人，正确率为50%，错误率为50%∙正确答案（1.00分）：with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop∙Part V Translation ( 10 minutes )Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (with the given words or phrases).∙61. 人们对网络的攻击主要集中在以下方面：技术扰乱了人际关系，破坏了人际交往。

web渗透教材

web渗透教材
1. 《Web 安全渗透测试实战指南》（第二版）：作者是徐焱、王磊等，书中详细介绍了Web 安全渗透测试的各个方面，包括信息收集、漏洞分析、攻击利用等，涵盖了大量的实际案例和工具使用方法。

2. 《SQL 注入攻击与防御（第二版）》：作者是吴世雄、马均飞等，主要针对SQL 注入这种常见的Web 安全漏洞，深入探讨了攻击技术和防御方法，提供了丰富的实践指导。

3. 《Metasploit 渗透测试指南》：作者是David Kennedy 等，Metasploit 是一款流行的渗透测试框架，本书详细介绍了如何使用Metasploit 进行漏洞利用和攻击，适合有一定基础的读者。

4. 《Kali Linux 渗透测试的艺术》：作者是Offensive Security 团队，Kali Linux 是一个常用的渗透测试操作系统，本书介绍了如何使用Kali Linux 进行各种渗透测试任务。

5. 《白帽子讲Web 安全》：作者是吴翰清，以通俗易懂的方式讲解了Web 安全的基本概念、常见漏洞及防御方法，适合初学者入门。

《Web安全攻防：渗透测试实战指南》笔记

《Web安全攻防：渗透测试实战指南》阅读记录目录一、基础篇 (3)1.1 Web安全概述 (4)1.1.1 Web安全定义 (5)1.1.2 Web安全重要性 (6)1.2 渗透测试概述 (6)1.2.1 渗透测试定义 (8)1.2.2 渗透测试目的 (9)1.2.3 渗透测试流程 (9)二、技术篇 (11)2.1 Web应用安全检测 (12)2.1.1 SQL注入攻击 (14)2.1.2 跨站脚本攻击 (16)2.1.3 文件上传漏洞 (17)2.2 操作系统安全检测 (19)2.2.1 操作系统版本漏洞 (19)2.2.2 操作系统权限设置 (20)2.3 网络安全检测 (21)2.3.1 网络端口扫描 (23)2.3.2 网络服务识别 (24)三、工具篇 (25)3.1 渗透测试工具介绍 (27)3.2 工具使用方法与技巧 (28)3.2.1 Kali Linux安装与配置 (31)3.2.2 Metasploit使用入门 (31)3.2.3 Wireshark使用技巧 (33)四、实战篇 (34)4.1 企业网站渗透测试案例 (36)4.1.1 漏洞发现与利用 (37)4.1.2 后门植入与维持 (39)4.1.3 权限提升与横向移动 (40)4.2 网站安全加固建议 (41)4.2.1 参数化查询或存储过程限制 (42)4.2.2 错误信息处理 (44)4.2.3 输入验证与过滤 (45)五、法规与政策篇 (46)5.1 国家网络安全法规 (47)5.1.1 《中华人民共和国网络安全法》 (48)5.1.2 相关法规解读 (49)5.2 企业安全政策与规范 (50)5.2.1 企业信息安全政策 (52)5.2.2 安全操作规程 (53)六、结语 (54)6.1 学习总结 (55)6.2 深入学习建议 (57)一、基础篇在深入探讨Web安全攻防之前，我们需要了解一些基础知识。

Web 安全是指保护Web应用程序免受未经授权访问、篡改或泄露的过程。

security_attributes用法 -回复

security_attributes用法-回复标题：深入理解与应用security_attributes在计算机编程中，security_attributes是一个重要的概念，特别是在Windows操作系统环境下。

它主要用于控制对象（如文件、进程、线程等）的安全特性，确保系统的安全性和稳定性。

以下是一步一步详细解析security_attributes的用法。

一、理解security_attributessecurity_attributes是一种结构体，它在Windows API中被广泛使用。

这个结构体包含了三个主要的成员：nLength、bInheritHandle和lpSecurityDescriptor。

1. nLength：这是一个整型变量，用于存储security_attributes结构体的大小。

这是为了确保API函数能够正确地处理这个结构体。

2. bInheritHandle：这是一个布尔型变量，用于决定是否允许子进程继承这个句柄。

如果设置为TRUE，那么子进程就可以继承这个句柄；如果设置为FALSE，那么子进程就不能继承这个句柄。

3. lpSecurityDescriptor：这是一个指向SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR结构体的指针。

SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR结构体定义了对象的安全特性，包括所有者、组、访问控制列表（ACL）和系统访问控制列表（SACL）。

二、创建security_attributes在使用security_attributes之前，首先需要创建一个security_attributes 结构体。

以下是一个简单的示例：c++SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE; 允许子进程继承句柄sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL; 使用默认的安全描述符在这个示例中，我们首先创建了一个security_attributes结构体，并设置了它的nLength成员为sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES)。

外研社2023新视野英语教程(第四版)视听说教程1附答案Unit_7 测试卷

Unit TestUnit 7 New Jobs TodayPart I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: Listen to the questions and decide on the best answers. The questions will be spoken twice.1. A) A marketing manager. C) It’s very well-paid.B) On social media. D) Yes, I think so.2. A) She’s reading a book.C) He’s a teacher.B) She’s an architect. D) She’s two years older.3. A) About two years. C) Most of the time.B) I don’t mind.D) In the office.4. A) Three years ago. C) Because I was a computer programmer.B) Because I wanted more of a challenge. D) Because I’m a good team player.5. A) Yes, I think so. C) No, I disagree.B) I enjoy working with others. D) I’d rather not.Section BDirections: Listen to the short conversations and decide on the best answers. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken twice.1. A) She has mixed feelings. C) Very negative.B) She isn’t sure. D) Very positive.2. A) Because it isn’t well-paid.C) Because it doesn’t have a future.B) Because it isn’t challenging.D) Because it’s boring.3. A) Take an online course. C) Read a book about computer programming.B) Take a college course. D) Apply for a computer programming job.4. A) Because every day is a little different.B) Because it makes a difference to people’s lives.C) Because she likes her colleagues.D) Because she earns a good salary.5. A) Speak to a career adviser. C) Speak to his parents.B) Take an online course.D) Learn some new skills.Section CDirections: Listen to the short conversation and decide on the best answers. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken twice.1. A) Having to go to a job interview.C) Not knowing enough about AI.B) Robots taking human jobs. D) Not having the right skills.2. A) She feels more positive. C) She agrees with the man.B) She isn’t sure what she thinks.D) She feels a little worried.3. A) A career in AI. C) A career in event planning.B) A career in teaching.D) A career in accountancy.Section DDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks. The passage will be read three times.In the 21st century, new jobs are emerging all the time due to the (1) _______ and changing trends. For example, (2) _______ are in high demand as many businesses need websites to be created and maintained. Content creators, such as YouTubers or bloggers, produce (3) _______ content for online audiences. Another example of a 21st century job is the cybersecurity expert. Cybersecurity experts protect (4) _______ from hackers and ensure online safety. Finally, renewable energy technicians work with clean energy sources like solar or wind power. In doing so, they contribute to a sustainable future. There are so many (5) _______ available in the 21st century and new jobs are being created every day! It’s safe to say that the future of work looks bright.Part II Speaking upDirections: Rearrange the order of the following sentences to form a conversation, then practice it with your partner.1. Thanks!2. And how will you become a drone pilot?3. How long will the course take?4. That’s a really short course! An d do you need any special skills?5. A drone pilot operates aircraft used in film-making and photography.6. You’re good at both these things! It sounds like a really interesting career choice! Goodluck!7. I’ve applied for a specialist course which will be running this summer.8. A drone pilot? That sounds amazing. What does a drone pilot do?9. Not too long. Just four days. I’ll learn about flight safety and flight planning among other things.10. Drone operators need to know about media production and be able to deal with stressful situations.11. What would you like to do after you graduate?12. I’d like to be a drone pilot.Unit 7 New Jobs Today听力脚本Part I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:Listen to the questions and decide on the best answers. The questions will be spoken twice.Number one: Are you going to apply for the job?Number two: What does your sister do?Number three: How long have you worked here?Number four: Why did you leave your last position?Number five: Would you rather work alone or as part of a team?Section BDirections: Listen to the short conversations and decide on the best answers. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken twice.Number oneM: How’s your apprenticeship going?W: It’s great. I’m learning a lot of new skills.Question: How does the woman feel about her apprenticeship?Number twoM: Do you think it might be time to change your career?W: I think so. I don’t feel there’s a future in this one.Question: Why does the woman want to change her career?Number threeW: If you want to be an app designer, you’d better learn about computer programming.M: You’re right. I think I’ll find an online course.Question: What is the man going to do?Number fourM: What do you like most about your job?W: I think it’s the feeling that I’m making a difference and changing people’s lives. Question: Why does the woman like her job?Number fiveM: I just can’t decide what to do with my life. There are too many options.W: I think you need to speak to a career adviser. The one at college is very helpful. Question: What advice does the woman give the man?Section CDirections: Listen to the short conversation and decide on the best answers. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken twice.M: Do you ever worry about the future of work?W: Well, I do think about it. But I’m not really worried.M: It looks as if AI is going to replace a lot of jobs. How can I pick a job that will not eventually be done by a robot?W: You need to think about things more positively. AI is going to help us with our work. Sure, it will replace jobs, but it will also create a lot of new ones.M: Hm, I’m not so sure. I really wanted to be an accountant, but AI can do the work of human accountant faster and more efficiently.W: There are some jobs that will be threatened by AI, I guess. And an accountant is a good example. I suppose you just need to do your research when you’re choosing a career.M: What career are you thinking about?W: I’m thinking about a career in event planning. Planning an event based around what the customer wants is too complex for AI—for now, anyway!Question oneWhat is the man worried about?Question twoHow does the woman feel about it?Question threeWhat career had the man wanted to follow?Section DDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks. The passage will be read three times.In the 21st century, new jobs are emerging all the time due to the developing technology and changing trends. For example, web developers are in high demand as many businesses need websites to be created and maintained. Content creators, such as YouTubers or bloggers, produce interesting and informative content for online audiences. Another example of a 21st century job is the cybersecurity expert. Cybersecurity experts protect sensitive information from hackers and ensure online safety. Finally, renewable energy technicians work with clean energy sources like solar or wind power. In doing so, they contribute to a sustainable future. There are so many interesting opportunities available in the 21st century and new jobs are being created every day! It’s safe to say that the future of work looks bright.参考答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1. D2. B3. A4. B5. BSection B1. D2. C3. A4. B5. ASection C1. B2. A3. DSection D1. developing technology2. web developers3. interesting andinformative4. sensitive information5. interesting opportunitiesPart II Speaking up11, 12, 8, 5, 2, 7, 3, 9, 4, 10, 6, 1M: What would you like to do after you graduate?W: I’d like to be a drone pilot.M: A drone pilot? That sounds amazing. What does a drone pilot do?W: A drone pilot operates aircraft used in film-making and photography.M: And how will you become a drone pilot?W: I’ve applied for a specialist course which will be running this summer.M: How long will the course take?W: Not too long. Just four days. I’ll learn about flight safety and flight planning among other things.M: That’s a really short course! And do you need any special skills?W: Drone operators need to know about media production and be able to deal with stressful situations.M: You’re good at both these things! It sounds like a really interesting career choice! Good luck!W: Thanks!。

WebGoat中文手册

WebGoat中文手册版本:5.4webgoat团队2013年1月Revision record 修订记录项目任务参与人员完成时间项目人员协调 Rip,袁明坤，Ivy 2012年7月翻译及整核以往版本袁明坤,傅奎,beer,南国利剑,lion 2012年8月 Webgoat5.4 版本测试袁明坤,傅奎,beer,南国利剑,lion 2012年8月 Webgoat5.4 中文手册傅奎 2012年9月审核发布阿保，王颉, 王侯宝 2013年1月前期参与人员蒋根伟，宋飞，蒋增，贺新朋，吴明，akast ，杨天识，Snake ，孟祥坤，tony ，范俊，胡晓斌，袁明坤[感谢所有关注并参与过OWASP 项目的成员,感谢你们的分享和付出，webgoat 和大家一起成长！如有修改建议，请发送至webgoat@ 我们一起改进，谢谢！目录1 WebGoat简介 (6)1.1 什么是WebGoat (6)1.2 什么是OWASP (6)1.3 WebGoat部署 (6)1.4 用到的工具 (7)1.4.1 WebScarab (7)1.4.2 Firebug和IEwatch (8)1.5 其他说明 (8)2 WebGoat教程 (9)2.1 综合（General） (9)2.1.1 HTTP基础知识（Http Basics） (9)2.1.2 HTTP拆分（HTTP Splitting） (11)2.2 访问控制缺陷（Access Control Flaws） (19)2.2.1 使用访问控制模型（Using an Access Control Matrix） (19)2.2.2 绕过基于路径的访问控制方案（Bypass a Path Based Access Control Scheme） (22)2.2.3 基于角色的访问控制（LAB: Role Based Access Control） (25)2.2.4 远程管理访问（Remote Admin Access） (36)2.3 Ajax安全（Ajax Security） (38)2.3.1 同源策略保护（Same Origin Policy Protection） (38)2.3.2 基于DOM的跨站点访问（LAB: DOM‐Based cross‐site scripting） (39)2.3.3 小实验：客户端过滤（LAB: Client Side Filtering） (43)2.3.4 DOM注入（DOM Injection） (46)2.3.5 XML注入（XML Injection） (49)2.3.6 JSON注入（JSON Injection） (52)2.3.7 静默交易攻击（Silent Transactions Attacks） (54)2.3.8 危险指令使用（Dangerous Use of Eval） (57)2.3.9 不安全的客户端存储（Insecure Client Storage） (59)2.4 认证缺陷（Authentication Flaws） (62)2.4.1 密码强度（Password Strength） (62)2.4.2 忘记密码（Forgot Password） (64)2.4.3 基本认证（Basic Authentication） (66)2.4.4 多级登录1（Multi Level Login 1） (71)2.4.5 多级登录2（Multi Level Login 2） (73)2.5 缓冲区溢出（Buffer Overflows） (74)2.5.1 Off‐by‐One 缓冲区溢出（Off‐by‐One Overflows） (74)2.6 代码质量（Code Quality） (78)2.6.1 在HTML中找线索（Discover Clues in the HTML） (78)2.7 并发（Concurrency） (79)2.7.1 线程安全问题（Thread Safety Problems） (79)2.7.2 购物车并发缺陷（Shopping Cart Concurrency Flaw） (80)2.8 跨站脚本攻击（Cross‐Site Scripting (XSS)） (82)2.8.1 使用XSS钓鱼（Phishing with XSS） (82)2.8.2 小实验：跨站脚本攻击（LAB: Cross Site Scripting） (84)2.8.3 存储型XSS攻击（Stored XSS Attacks） (90)2.8.4 跨站请求伪造（Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)） (91)2.8.5 绕过CSRF确认（ CSRF Prompt By‐Pass） (93)2.8.6 绕过CSRF Token（CSRF Token By‐Pass） (98)2.8.7 HTTPOnly测试（HTTPOnly Test） (102)2.8.8 跨站跟踪攻击（Cross Site Tracing (XST) Attacks） (103)2.9 不当的错误处理（Improper Error Handling） (105)2.9.1 打开认证失败方案（Fail Open Authentication Scheme） (105)2.10 注入缺陷（Injection Flaws） (107)2.10.1 命令注入（Command Injection） (107)2.10.2 数字型SQL注入（Numeric SQL Injection） (109)2.10.3 日志欺骗（Log Spoofing） (110)2.10.4 XPATH型注入（XPATH Injection） (112)2.10.5 字符串型注入（String SQL Injection） (113)2.10.6 小实验：SQL注入（LAB: SQL Injection） (115)2.10.7 通过SQL注入修改数据（Modify Data with SQL Injection） (119)2.10.8 通过SQL注入添加数据（Add Data with SQL Injection） (120)2.10.9 数据库后门（Database Backdoors） (121)2.10.10 数字型盲注入（Blind Numeric SQL Injection） (123)2.10.11 字符串型盲注入（Blind String SQL Injection） (124)2.11 拒绝服务（Denial of Service） (126)2.11.1 多个登录引起的拒绝服务（Denial of Service from Multiple Logins） (126)2.12 不安全的通信（Insecure Communication） (127)2.12.1 不安全的登录（Insecure Login） (127)2.13 不安全的配置（Insecure Configuration） (130)2.13.1 强制浏览（How to Exploit Forced Browsing） (130)2.14 不安全的存储（Insecure Storage） (131)2.14.1 强制浏览（How to Exploit Forced Browsing） (131)2.15 恶意执行（Malicious Execution） (132)2.15.1 恶意文件执行（Malicious File Execution） (132)2.16 参数篡改（Parameter Tampering） (134)2.16.1 绕过HTML字段限制（Bypass HTML Field Restrictions） (134)2.16.2 利用隐藏字段（Exploit Hidden Fields） (136)2.16.3 利用未检查的E‐mail（Exploit Unchecked Email） (138)2.16.4 绕过客户端JavaScript校验（Bypass Client Side JavaScript Validation） (142)2.17 会话管理缺陷（Session Management Flaws） (148)2.17.1 会话劫持（Hijack a Session） (148)2.17.2 认证Cookie欺骗（Spoof an Authentication Cookie） (154)2.17.3 会话固定（Session Fixation） (158)2.18 Web服务（Web Services） (162)2.18.1 创建SOAP请求（Create a SOAP Request） (162)2.18.2 WSDL扫描（WSDL Scanning） (168)2.18.3 Web Service SAX注入（Web Service SAX Injection） (170)2.18.4 Web Service SQL注入（Web Service SQL Injection） (172)2.19 管理功能（Admin Functions） (175)2.19.1 报告卡（Report Card） (175)2.20 挑战（Challenge） (176)2.20.1 挑战（The CHALLENGE!） (176)1WebGoat简介1.1什么是WebGoatWebGoat是OWASP组织研制出的用于进行web漏洞实验的应用平台，用来说明web 应用中存在的安全漏洞。

网络安全课件ppt

TCP/IP协议栈
应用层
Telnet
FTP
SMTP
HTTP
DNS
SNMP
TFTP
传输层
TCP
UDP
IP
网际层
ARP
RARP
网络接口层
Ethernet
Token Ring
X.25
其他协议
IEEE 802 RM
IEEE 802.1a 局域网体系结构 IEEE 802.1b 寻址，网络互连与网络管理。 IEEE 802.2 逻辑链路控制 IEEE 802.3 CSMA\CD媒体访问控制方法与物理规范 IEEE 802.3i 10Mbps基带双绞线访问控制方法与物理规范。 IEEE 802.3u 100Mbps基带访问控制方法与物理规范。 IEEE 802.3z 1000Mbps光纤访问控制方法和物理规范 IEEE 802.4 Token-Bus访问控制方法与物理规范 IEEE 802.5 Token-Ring访问控制方法 IEEE 802.6 城域网访问控制方法和物理规范 IEEE 802.7 宽带局域网访问控制方法和物理规范 IEEE 802.8 FDDI访问控制方法和物理规范 IEEE 802.9 综合数据语音网络 IEEE 802.10 网络安全与保密 IEEE 802.11 无线局域网访问控制方法和物理规范 IEEE 802.12 100VG-AnyLAN访问控制方法和物理规范
操作系统诞生
最初的操作系统出现在IBM/704大型机（ 20世纪50年代）微型计算机的操作系统则诞生于20世纪70年代——CP/M
操作系统远古霸主——DOS
Disk Operating System又称DOS(简写)，中文全名“磁盘操作系统”。 1981年 DOS有包括：MS-DOS，PC-DOS，FreeDOS，ROM-DOS等。特点：DOS是一个单用户、单任务的操作系统；字符操作界面；DOS对多媒体的支持也不尽人意。

buuctfweb第二题

buuctfweb第二题
buuctfweb第二题是一个与网络安全相关的挑战，旨在测试参赛者在web应用程序攻防方面的技能。

此题可能是一个简单的漏洞挖掘任务，要求参赛者发现并利用web应用程序中的漏洞，以获取敏感信息或者执行未授权的操作。

参赛者需要使用各种工具和技术，如代码审计、网络抓包、注入攻击等，来分析和攻击web应用程序。

解决这道题的关键在于参赛者的技术水平和对web应用程序漏洞的
理解。

他们需要了解常见的web漏洞类型，如SQL注入、跨站脚本攻击（XSS）、跨站请求伪造（CSRF）等，并能够利用这些漏洞进行攻击。

参赛者需要仔细分析web应用程序的代码和逻辑，寻找潜在的漏洞。

他们可以通过输入特定的数据来测试应用程序的响应，并观察是否存在异常或者未预期的行为。

一旦发现漏洞，参赛者可以利用该漏洞进行攻击，比如执行恶意代码、修改数据、绕过身份验证等。

为了解决这个问题，参赛者需要具备扎实的编程和网络知识，熟悉常见的web开发技术和框架，如HTML、CSS、JavaScript、PHP、Python 等。

此外，他们还需要了解各种web漏洞的原理和防御措施，以便能够有效地分析和攻击web应用程序。

通过buuctfweb第二题，参赛者将有机会锻炼和提高他们的web应用程序攻防技能，增加对网络安全的理解和认识。

同时，他们还可以与其他参赛者进行交流和学习，共同提高自己在web安全领域的能力。

网络安全技术代码分享

网络安全技术代码分享网络安全技术主要是为了保护网络中的数据和系统免受黑客、病毒和其他恶意攻击的影响。

下面是一些常见的网络安全技术代码分享：1. 防火墙设置代码：```pythonimport iptcdef set_firewall_rules():table = iptc.Table(iptc.Table.FILTER)chain = iptc.Chain(table, "INPUT")rule = iptc.Rule()rule.in_interface = "eth0"rule.src = "192.168.0.0/24"rule.protocol = "tcp"rule.target = iptc.Target(rule, "ACCEPT")rule.tcp_flags = "SYN,ACK"match = iptc.Match(rule, "tcp")match.dport = "22"rule.add_match(match)chain.insert_rule(rule)```2. 数据加密代码：```pythonimport hashlibimport base64def encrypt_data(data, password):key = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).digest() iv = b'0000000000000000'cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)padded_data = data + (AES.block_size - len(data) % AES.block_size) * ' 'encrypted_data = cipher.encrypt(padded_data)return base64.b64encode(encrypted_data)```3. 多因素身份验证代码：```pythonimport pyotpdef generate_otp(secret_key):totp = pyotp.TOTP(secret_key)return totp.now()def validate_otp(otp, secret_key):totp = pyotp.TOTP(secret_key)return totp.verify(otp)```4. CSRF防护代码：```pythonfrom flask import Flask, session, request, render_template_string app = Flask(__name__)app.secret_key = 'secret_key'@app.route('/')def index():token = session.get('token')return render_template_string('<input type="hidden"name="csrf_token" value="{{ token }}">')@app.route('/login', methods=['POST'])def login():csrf_token = request.form.get('csrf_token')if csrf_token == session.get('token'):return 'Login success'else:return 'CSRF attack detected!'if __name__ == '__main__':app.run()```5. DDos攻击防护代码：```pythonimport sysimport threadingimport socketHOST = 'localhost'PORT = 8080MAX_BYTES = 65535def send_request():sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.connect((HOST, PORT))message = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost\r\n\r\n"sock.sendall(message.encode())sock.close()def start_attack(threads):for i in range(threads):threading.Thread(target=send_request).start()if __name__ == '__main__':threads = int(sys.argv[1])start_attack(threads)```以上是一些常见的网络安全技术代码分享，可以用于保护网络安全。

enablewebsecurity注解原理

enablewebsecurity注解原理
"enablewebsecurity" 注解通常用于启用Web安全性配置。

这个注解的原理可以因框架和具体用法而异，但一般来说，它的作用是配置一些与Web安全性相关的设置，以增强应用程序的安全性。

以下是一些可能的原理和作用：1．启用Web安全性功能："enablewebsecurity" 注解可能会触发框架或开
发环境中的一些预定义的安全性功能。

这可能包括防止跨站脚本攻击（XSS）、跨站请求伪造（CSRF）、点击劫持等安全威胁。

2．设置安全性头：注解可能会配置HTTP响应头，以提高应用程序的安全性。

例如，通过设置Strict-Transport-Security头，可以启用严格的传输安全性，要求使用HTTPS连接。

3．自定义安全性配置："enablewebsecurity" 注解可能提供一些参数或选项，允许开发者自定义应用程序的安全性配置。

这样，开发者可以根据应用程序的需求进行特定的安全性调整。

4．集成认证和授权机制：在某些情况下，这个注解可能与认证和授权机制
集成，以确保只有经过身份验证和授权的用户才能访问某些资源或执行某些操作。

Web Application Security

Web Application Securityis a critical component of ensuring the safety and integrity of online platforms. In today's digital world, where more and more services are being provided over the internet, the need to protect web applications from cyber threats has become increasingly important.One of the key aspects of web application security is protecting against unauthorized access. This involves implementing authentication mechanisms to verify the identity of users before allowing them access to sensitive data or functionality. Common methods of authentication include passwords, biometrics, and two-factor authentication. It is important to choose a secure authentication method, as weak or outdated methods can easily be compromised by hackers.Another important aspect of web application security is protecting against common vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). These vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to gain access to sensitive data, manipulate the application's behavior, or impersonate users. To prevent these attacks, developers should follow secure coding practices, such as input validation, output encoding, and parameterized queries.In addition to protecting against common vulnerabilities, web applications should be regularly tested for security flaws. This can be done through techniques such as penetration testing and vulnerability scanning. Penetration testing involves simulating real-world cyber attacks to identify weaknesses in the application, while vulnerability scanning involves using automated tools to scan for known security issues. By conducting regular security testing, developers can identify and remediate security flaws before they are exploited by malicious actors.Furthermore, secure communication is essential for web application security. This includes using encryption protocols such as SSL/TLS to secure data in transit and prevent eavesdropping attacks. Developers should also implement secure communication channels, such as HTTPS, to protect sensitive information exchanged between the clientand the server. By encrypting data in transit, web applications can ensure the confidentiality and integrity of user data.Lastly, user education and awareness play a crucial role in web application security. Users should be educated on best practices for creating secure passwords, avoiding phishing scams, and recognizing suspicious behavior. In addition, developers should provide clear and transparent security policies to inform users about the measures taken to protect their data. By empowering users with knowledge about web application security, organizations can reduce the likelihood of successful cyber attacks.In conclusion, web application security is a multifaceted concept that requires a comprehensive approach to protect against cyber threats. By implementing strong authentication mechanisms, mitigating common vulnerabilities, conducting regular security testing, ensuring secure communication, and educating users, organizations can enhance the security of their web applications and safeguard sensitive data. Prioritizing web application security is essential in today's digital landscape, where cyber attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated and prevalent. By taking proactive measures to secure web applications, organizations can protect their reputation, maintain user trust, and prevent costly data breaches.。

add_header content-security-policy 参数 -回复

add_header content-security-policy 参数-回复关于Content-Security-Policy 的内容Content-Security-Policy (CSP) 是一种安全策略工具，通过帮助网站管理员防范针对网站的跨站脚本攻击(XSS)、点击劫持、数据泄露等安全风险来保护网站和用户的安全。

CSP 可以定义哪些内容可以加载或被执行，并且提供了一些限制和策略，以确保只有经过授权的内容可以在网站上加载或执行。

Content-Security-Policy 参数主要分为两类：指令和值。

指令描述了可以加载或执行的内容的类型，值定义了对这些内容的限制。

这些参数可根据网站的需求进行定义并且可以多次使用。

下面将一步一步回答有关Content-Security-Policy 参数的相关问题，详细介绍如何使用这些参数来加强网站的安全性。

1. 什么是Content-Security-Policy？Content-Security-Policy 是一种HTTP 头部指令，用于定义网站加载或执行资源的策略。

通过限制哪些内容可以被加载或执行，CSP 可以减少潜在的安全漏洞和攻击面。

2. 如何设置Content-Security-Policy？可以通过HTTP 头部发送CSP 响应头字段，或通过网页中的meta 标签来设置CSP。

例如，下面是一个设置CSP 的HTTP 头部示例：Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' example上述示例中的CSP 定义了两个指令和值对：`default-src 'self'` 指定了所有资源的默认加载策略为只允许来自同源的资源，而`script-src 'self' example` 指定了可以加载JavaScript 的资源的限制，只允许来自同源和example 的资源。

add_header content-security-policy 参数 -回复

add_header content-security-policy 参数-回复Content Security Policy (CSP) 是一项用来帮助保护网页免受常见的网络攻击的安全特性。

本文将详细介绍CSP的各个参数，以及它们的作用和用法，以帮助开发人员全面了解如何使用CSP来加强网页的安全性。

第一部分：CSP 简介和基本用法1.1 什么是CSP？Content Security Policy (CSP) 是一种用于增强网页安全性的浏览器特性。

它允许网站管理员指定哪些资源可以被加载和执行，从而减少恶意行为可能对网页带来的安全风险。

1.2 基本用法在网页的HTTP 头中添加一个Content-Security-Policy 或者X-Content-Security-Policy 的字段，并指定一系列的规则。

这些规则定义了允许加载和执行的资源，例如脚本、样式表和图片等。

第二部分：CSP的参数和用法2.1 default-srcdefault-src 参数用于设置默认的资源加载策略。

如果没有定义其他更具体的策略，将会使用default-src 的策略。

例如：default-src 'self'，表示只允许从同源加载资源。

2.2 script-srcscript-src 参数用于控制脚本的加载。

可以指定信任的脚本来源，例如：script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'，表示只允许从同源加载脚本和内联脚本。

2.3 style-srcstyle-src 参数用于控制样式表的加载。

与script-src 类似，可以指定允许的样式表来源。

例如：style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'，表示只允许从同源加载样式表和内联样式。

2.4 img-srcimg-src 参数用于控制图片的加载。

content-security-policy 参数-概述说明以及解释

content-security-policy 参数-概述说明以及解释1. 引言1.1 概述Content-Security-Policy (CSP) 是一种用于增加web应用程序安全性的标准。

通过在网站的HTTP响应标头中设置CSP参数，开发人员可以控制浏览器如何加载资源和执行脚本，从而帮助防止常见的网络攻击，如跨站脚本攻击（XSS）和数据注入攻击。

随着网络安全威胁的不断增加，实现一个健壮的CSP策略变得至关重要。

在本文中，我们将深入讨论CSP参数的作用、常见的配置选项以及如何设置CSP策略来提高web应用程序的安全性。

1.2 文章结构文章结构是指文章整体框架和组织形式，它包括文章的标题、段落分布、论证顺序等方面。

在本文中，文章结构主要分为三个主要部分：引言、正文和结论。

- 引言部分主要包括概述、文章结构和目的。

在引言部分，我们将介绍Content-Security-Policy参数的背景和重要性，以及本文要探讨的内容。

- 正文部分会详细解释什么是Content-Security-Policy参数、其作用以及常见的配置方式。

通过对这些内容的深入探讨，读者将能够更好地理解Content-Security-Policy参数的作用和影响。

- 结论部分将对文章的主要内容进行总结，提出应用建议，并展望未来Content-Security-Policy参数的发展方向。

通过对文章整体内容的回顾和展望，读者能够更全面地了解和应用Content-Security-Policy参数。

1.3 目的:Content-Security-Policy 参数旨在帮助网站管理员减少潜在的网络攻击风险。

通过合理配置Content-Security-Policy参数，网站可以限制页面内容加载，防止恶意代码注入和跨站脚本攻击。

此外，Content-Security-Policy参数还可以提高网站的安全性和隐私保护水平，使用户数据更加安全可靠。

Web安全漏洞的检测与修复

Web安全漏洞的检测与修复随着Web应用程序成为日常业务的重要组成部分，网络安全也越来越受到关注。

但即便是最稳妥的程序也可能会产生漏洞，导致网络攻击，造成巨大的损失。

因此，对于Web应用程序进行安全检测和修复至关重要。

本文将讨论Web安全漏洞的检测与修复。

一、注入攻击检测与修复注入攻击是常见的Web安全漏洞之一，常见的注入攻击包括SQL注入和XSS注入。

SQL注入是通过注入恶意代码进入SQL语句，以访问数据库的未授权信息。

XSS注入则是利用脚本漏洞，注入恶意代码在用户浏览器中执行恶意脚本，获取用户敏感信息。

注入攻击检测可以使用漏洞扫描器，如Acunetix和Netsparker等。

如果检测到注入漏洞，需要定位漏洞并及时修复，可以加强对提交参数的过滤，使用参数化查询等措施避免注入攻击。

二、跨站请求攻击检测与修复跨站请求攻击（CSRF）是攻击者利用用户已经登录受信任的网站的凭据，发起恶意的操作，如转账和发送电子邮件等。

攻击者利用受害者的会话来伪装用户提交，从而可以对应用程序进行非法操作。

检测和修复CSRF攻击需要使用框架和插件，如Spring Security和OWASP CSRFGuard等。

为了防止CSRF攻击，维护会话状态是必要的，使用密钥或csrf_token增强会话的识别能力是必须的。

三、文件上传漏洞检测与修复Web应用程序常常需要文件上传功能，但是攻击者可以通过上传恶意文件进入服务器来进行各种恶意行为。

首要的漏洞攻击是通过上传包含脚本的文件来实现远程代码执行。

检测和修复文件上传漏洞需要使用代码审查工具和文件上传安全框架。

建议对上传文件进行个数、类型、大小等控制，同时在上传后，对已上传的文件进行安全性扫描或白名单验证，以保证文件上传功能的安全。

四、会话管理漏洞检测与修复处理用户会话时，应用程序必须保证会话状态的安全性。

会话管理漏洞包括会话劫持、会话固定、会话变量注入等。

会话劫持是攻击者利用会话凭证窃取用户会话，执行各种恶意行为，如更改密码和修改账户信息等。

content-security-policy语法

content-security-policy语法Content Security Policy (CSP) 是一种安全标准，旨在防止跨站脚本攻击（XSS）和其他代码注入攻击。

CSP 通过白名单机制，限制网页中能够执行的脚本和加载的资源。

CSP 的语法非常灵活，可以配置各种策略选项。

以下是一些常见的 CSP 语法：1、指定信任的源：httpContent-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'上述策略指定只有同源的资源可信。

2、允许加载内联脚本：httpContent-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 上述策略允许内联脚本执行，但仍然限制了仅信任同源的脚本。

3、允许跨域请求：httpContent-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; img-src *上述策略允许从任何域加载图像资源，但其他资源仍然仅限于同源。

4、指定报告模式：httpContent-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; report-uri /php文件名称上述策略指定将违规报告发送到 /php页面。

使用指令：Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; frame-ancestors 'self'上述策略限制了嵌入网页的框架。

只能在当前网页的子框架中嵌入，不能被其他网页嵌入。

这只是一些常见的 CSP 语法示例，实际上 CSP 还提供了很多其他指令和选项，可以根据实际需求进行灵活配置。

详细的语法规则和指令可以参考 CSP 的官方文档或相关资料。

websecurityconfigureradapter的init方法

websecurityconfigureradapter的init方法WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter是一个用于Spring Security的配置类，它允许用户根据具体需求定制安全配置。

在这个类中，init方法是一个关键方法，它在Adapter实例化后立即被调用。

本文将详细介绍websecurityconfigureradapter的init方法，包括其功能、实现原理以及如何在实际项目中应用。

一、功能概述init方法的主要功能是初始化WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter，并为后续的安全配置做好准备。

在这个过程中，它会执行以下操作：1.设置默认的认证逻辑（如匿名认证、Forms 认证等）。

2.配置登录和注销页面。

3.初始化remember-me 功能。

4.配置URL 访问规则。

5.配置跨域资源共享（CORS）。

6.注册拦截器（如密码过期拦截器、记住我拦截器等）。

二、实现原理WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter继承了ConfigurableSecurityBuilder 接口，它提供了一系列方法用于配置安全相关的内容。

在init方法中，这些方法被调用以完成相应的配置。

1.调用configure(HttpSecurity http)方法，设置默认的认证逻辑和URL 访问规则。

2.调用configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)方法，配置用户认证逻辑。

3.调用configure(FormLoginConfigurer loginConfig)方法，配置登录和注销页面。

4.调用configure(LogoutConfigurer logoutConfig)方法，配置注销逻辑。

5.调用configure(RememberMeConfigurer rememberMeConfig)方法，初始化记住我功能。

websecurityconfiguration用法

websecurityconfiguration用法
Websecurityconfiguration是用于配置Web应用程序安全性的类。

它提供了一种简单的方式来配置Web应用程序的安全性，以确保应用程序的安全性和可靠性。

Websecurityconfiguration帮助开发人员在应用程序中实现关键的安全功能，如身份验证和授权，会话管理，跨站点请求伪造保护等。

在使用Websecurityconfiguration时，开发人员需要定义一组安全规则，以确保应用程序的安全性。

这些规则包括访问控制规则，会话管理规则，跨站点请求伪造保护规则等。

Websecurityconfiguration还提供了一些预定义的安全规则，可供开发人员使用。

这些规则可帮助开发人员快速实现一些常见的安全功能，并提高应用程序的安全性。

总之，Websecurityconfiguration是一个非常有用的工具，可帮助开发人员确保Web应用程序的安全性。

开发人员应该了解该工具的使用方法，并使用它来加强应用程序的安全性。

- 1 -。

websecurityconfigureradapter使用方法

websecurityconfigureradapter使用方法摘要：websecurityconfigureradapter使用方法概述一、简介二、安装与配置1.安装步骤2.配置方法三、使用方法1.基本操作2.高级功能3.常见问题与解决方案四、实战案例五、总结与建议正文：一、简介WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter是一款强大的Web安全配置类，主要用于Spring Security框架中。

它允许开发者自定义Web安全配置，以满足不同场景下的安全需求。

本文将详细介绍WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter的使用方法。

二、安装与配置1.安装步骤在使用WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter之前，首先需要确保已正确安装并配置Spring Security。

接下来，按照以下步骤进行安装：1）添加依赖在项目的pom.xml文件中，添加spring-security-web和spring-security-config的依赖。

2）创建配置类在项目中创建一个配置类，继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter。

2.配置方法在继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter的配置类中，可以重写以下方法来配置安全策略：1）configure(HttpSecurity http)使用HttpSecurity对象配置访问规则，如登录认证、权限控制等。

2）configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)配置用户认证方式，如内存认证、数据库认证等。

3）configure(PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder)配置密码加密器，以确保密码安全。

4）configure(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager)配置认证管理器，管理用户认证过程。

securitywebfilterchain 原理

securitywebfilterchain 原理
Securitywebfilterchain 的原理是通过一个链表结构来管理一系列的 SecurityWebFilter 实例，每个 SecurityWebFilter 实例可以对请求和响应进行一定的处理和过滤。

当一个请求进入 SecurityWebFilterChain 时，它会按照链表中的顺序依次经过每个 SecurityWebFilter 实例进行处理。

每个实例可以根据自己的逻辑来决定是否对请求进行进一步的处理或者直接放行。

在处理请求时，每个 SecurityWebFilter 实例可以根据一些条件来进行判断，例如请求的 URL、请求头、用户角色等等。

这些条件可以帮助实例来决定是否需要进行进一步的处理或者拦截请求。

当请求被一个 SecurityWebFilter 实例处理后，它可以决定继续传递给下一个实例进行处理，或者直接返回响应给客户端。

如果返回响应，那么整个 SecurityWebFilterChain 的处理过程就会中断，不再继续传递给其他实例。

通过这种方式，Securitywebfilterchain 可以将不同的SecurityWebFilter 实例按照一定的顺序组织起来，使得每个实例都可以对请求进行处理，达到安全过滤和访问控制的目的。

Web_Security_Programming_II

新世纪大学英语综合教程第四册新理念单元测试答案U2-C

web渗透 教材

《Web安全攻防：渗透测试实战指南》笔记

security_attributes用法 -回复

外研社2023新视野英语教程(第四版)视听说教程1附答案Unit_7 测试卷

WebGoat中文手册

网络安全课件ppt

buuctfweb第二题

网络安全技术代码分享

enablewebsecurity注解 原理

Web Application Security

add_header content-security-policy 参数 -回复

add_header content-security-policy 参数 -回复

content-security-policy 参数-概述说明以及解释

Web安全漏洞的检测与修复

content-security-policy语法

websecurityconfigureradapter的init方法

websecurityconfiguration用法

websecurityconfigureradapter使用方法

securitywebfilterchain 原理

web渗透教材

enablewebsecurity注解原理