复习题

American RealismI.Fill in the blanks.1.Realism had originated in the country ________ as a literarydoctrine that called for "reality and truth" in the depiction of ordinary life.2.The arbiter of nineteenth century literary realism in Americawas_______________ .3.____________ probed deeply at the individual psychology of hischaracters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported hisintense scrutiny of complex human experience.4.__________ , breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction,described the breadth of American experience as no one had everdone before, or since.5.__________ had an evident influence on naturalism. It seemed tostress the animality of man, to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.6.The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called __________ ,that is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.7.In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, _______ gaveAmerica its first genuine epic poem.8.There is no doubt that the solitary Emily Dickinson of _________ ,Massachusetts , is a poet of great power and beauty.9.There was only one female prose writer in the nineteenth century.That was________10.Harriet Beecher Stowe' s masterpiece is_____________ .11.Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the penname______________ .12.One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens' best books_____________ isbuilt around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.13.The result of Mark Twain' s European trip was a series of newspaperarticles, later published as a book called____________ .14.__________ was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi.15.Mark Twain's work__________ tells of the visits of an angel to thevillage of Eseldorf in Austria in 1590.16.William Sidney Porter, whose pen name was_________ , was theauthor of The Cop and the Anthem.17.Many of O. Henry's stories tell about the life of poor peoplein_______________ .18.0. Henry sympathized with the poor's lot and hated those rich whoexploited and despised them. This is especially seen in his storyentitled_____________ .19.It is said that O. Henry imitated a French author named______________ as a model, and there is indeed much in common between these two writers.20.The title of one of O. Henry' s books_____________ indicates that heconsidered all the people of New York City worth writing about,instead of only the upper class.21.Henry James' first novel is___________ , which failed to make himfamous.22.The novel which was described by an American critic as "an outrageto American girlhood" is Henry James' ___________ .23.Henry James' first important fiction was___________ , in which hetook up for the first time the theme of The American in Europe.24.In 1881, Henry James published his novel _____________ , which isgenerally considered as his masterpiece.25.__________ is considered the founder of Psychological realism. Hebelieved that reality lies in the impressions made by life on thespectator.26.The name of the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady is __________ .27.In 1902 Jack London published his first novel____________ .28.__________ is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.29.The first novel of Theodore Dreiser was____________ .30.The identification of potency with money is at the heart of TheodoreDreiser's masterpiece__________ .31.The protagoniswof Theodore Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire is ______ .32.Theodore Dreiser visited the Soviet Union in 1927 andpublished______________ the following year.33.Theodore Dreiser's novel____________ , a commercial and criticalfailure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society. 34.Mark Twain' s first novel, ___________ was an artistic failure, but itgave its name to the America of the postbellum period which itattempts to satirize.35.Three years' life on the Mississippi left such a fond memory withMark Twain that he returned to the theme more than once in hiswriting career. His book_____ relates it in a vivid, moving way.36.______was Mark Twain' s masterpiece from which, as Hemingwaynoted, "all modern American literature comes. "37.The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is______________ ,which was a success from its first publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature andwestern civilization.38.__________ is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.39.Stephen Crane' s novel___________ relates the story of a goodwoman' s down fall and destruction in a slum environment.40.War in the novel ___________ by Stephen Crane is a plainslaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on thebattlefield, and if there is anything , it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger.41.Benjamin Frank Norris' s novel__________ has been called "the firstfull-bodied naturalistic American novel" and "a consciouslynaturalistic manifesto".42.Jack London's masterwork___________ is somewhatautobiographical.43.O. Henry's___________ is a very moving story of a young couplewho sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.II. Decide whether the statements are true or false.1.In the latter half of the nineteenth century, women somewhatbecame the nation ' s dominant culture force.2.In the late nineteenth century, although Americans continued toread the works of Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper,Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe, the great ageofAmerican romanticism had ended.3.Earlier in the nineteenth century, James Fenimore Cooper hadinsisted on the author's right to present an idealized and poeticportrait of life, to avoid representations of "squalid misery".4.By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the realists rejected theportray al of idealized characters and events*5.The American realists sought to describe the wide range ofAmerican experience and to present the subtleties of humanpersonality.6.After the Civil War, the Frontier was closing. Disillusionment andfrustration were widely felt. What had been expected to be a"Golden Age" turned to be a "Gilded" one.7.By the 1870s New England Renaissance had waned. The age ofRomanticism and Transcendentalism was by and large over. Theage of realism had arrived.8.As a literary movement, realism came in the latter half of thenineteenth century, as a reaction against the "lie" of romanticism.9.Mark Twain had, as his aim of writing, the soul, the life and thespeech of the people in mind.10.As a critic of eminent standing and as a prolific writer, Mark Twainhelped to mould public taste and became the champion of literary realism in America.11.Placed in historical perspective, William Dean Howells is foundlacking in qualities and depth. But anyhow he is a literary figureworthy of notice.12.Mark Twain' s later works unmistakably showed his change from anoptimist and humorist to an almost despairing determinist.13.Life on the Mississippi was such a truthful description that WilliamDean Howells felt that he could taste "the mud" in it.14.Tom Sawyer walked out of Twain' s pages directly from his freshmemory of his boyhood in the west.15.Mark Twain should be remembered both as a great literary artistand a great social critic in the history of the U. S.16.Stephen Crane died of tuberculosis in Germany at the age of 28.17.William Dean Howells' s The Rise of Silas Lapham is a finespecimen of American realistic writing.18.The bulk of America's literary realism was limited to optimistictreatment of the surface of life.19.The greatest of America's realists, such as Henry James and MarkTwain, moved well beyond a superficial portrayal ofnineteenth-century America.20.American naturalism, like realism, had come from Europe.21.The triumph of realism, even in the twentieth century did bring anabsolute end to the romanticism.22.Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature.23.While working for the Virginia City Enterprise, Samuel LanghorneClemens adopted the pseudonym "Mark Twain", the cry of aboatman taking soundings, and meaning two fathoms.24.Mark Twain' s last writings revealed the deep grief his personallosses had caused him and reflected the deep cynicism anddisillusionment with his world.25.Many of O. Henry' s stories contain a lot of slang and colloquialexpressions, just like his own speech.26.Henry James was not only one of the most important realists of theperiod before the First World War, but also one of the most expert stylists of his time.27.In subject matter, Henry James began as a realist and ended as apsychological novelist.28.Henry James was a realist in the same way as one views the realismof Mark Twain or William Dean Howells.29.Henry James did not think that art or literature ought to have amoral function.30.If Henry James was a realist, he was a realist of spirit.31.Henry James was a pioneer in utilizing psychological devices whichcommunicated a more intense realization of character and situation.32.Henry James' greatest influence was exerted not on his own age buton the one that followed.33.Generally speaking, Jack London was much more interested inideas than Stephen Crane and less sentimental than Benjamin FrankNorris.34.Jack London was usually considered as a naturalist by literaryhistorians.35.Theodore Dreiser is half socialist and half cosmological pessimist.36.The protagonist of An American Tragedy, produced by TheodoreDreiser, is Eugene Witla.37.Sister Carrie is generally regarded as Theodore Dreiser'smasterpiece.38.Hurstwood is a character in Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie.III. Make multiple choices.1. In the late 19th century, a host of new writers appeared, among them were _____.A. Bret HarteB. William Dean HowellsC. Hamlin GarlandD. Mark Twain2. Influenced by such Europeans as___________ , America's most noteworthy new authors established a literature of realism.A. ZolaB. FlaubertC. BalzacD. Tolstoy3. William Dean Howells defined realism as "nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material" , and he best exemplified his theories in three novels. Choose them from the following.A. The Modem InstanceB. The Rise of Silas LaphanC. A Hazard of New FortunesD. The Prince and the Pauper4. Mark Twain created, in____________ , a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature.A. Huckleberry FinnB. Tom SawyerC. The Man That Corrupted HadleyburgD. The Gilded Age5. The pessimism and deterministic ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such American writers as___________ .A. Stephen CraneB. Benjamin Frank NorrisC. Jack LondonD. Henry JamesE. Theodore Dreiser6. Although realism and naturalism were products of the nineteenth century, their final triumph came in the twentieth century, with the popular and critical successes of such writers as___________ .A. Edwin Arlington RobinsonB. Willa CatherC. Sherwood AndersonD. Robert FrostE. William Faulkner7. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was _____.A. Anne BradstreetB. Jane AustenC. Emily DickinsonD. Harriet Beecher8. Choose the works written by Mark Twain.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. Innocents AbroadC. Life on the MississippiD. The Tragedy of Pudd' nhead WilsonE. The Prince and the Pauper9. The publication of the novel____________ stirred a great nation to its depths and hurried on a great war.A. My Bondage and My FreedomB. Stanzas on FreedomC. Voices of FreedomD. Uncle Tom' s Cabin10. Mark Twain had led an active life in the very center of the American experience. He had been a____________ .A. printer, pilot, soldierB. silver-minor, gold-washerC. lecturer, traveler, businessmanD. novelist, autobiographer11. Which statements about O. Henry are right?A. He wrote about the poor people.B. His stories are usually short and humorous.C. The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting.D. The ends of his stories are always surprising.E. Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.12. Where Mark Twain and William Dean Howells satirized European manners at times, __________ was an admirer.A. O. HenryB. Henry JamesC. Walt WhitmanD. Jack London13. Choose the well-known short stories written by William Sidney Porter.A. The Gift of the MagiB. An Unfinished StoryC. The Furnished RoomD. The Voice of the CityE. The Cop and the Anthem14. Choose the novels written by Henry James.A. The AmericanB. Daisy MillerC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The Tragic MuseE. The Golden Bowl15. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James.A. The AmbassadorsB. The Wings of the DoveC. The BostoniansD. The Princess CasamassimaE. The Mysterious Stranger14. Jack London' s sincere intellectual and personal involvement in the socialist movement is recorded in such novels and polemical worksas_____________ .A. The People of the AbyssB. The Iron HeelC. RevolutionD. The War of the Classes17. While embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel___________ .A. The Call of the WildB. The Sea WolfC. Martin EdenD. The Iron Heel18. In 1900, London published his first collection of short stories, named___________A. The Son of the WolfB. The Sea WolfC. The Law of LifeD. White Fang19.Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. Find them from the following.A. The FinancierB. The TitanC. The GeniusD. The StoicE. Jannie Gerhardt20. "The Lure of the Spirit; The Flesh in Pursuit" is the title of one chapter in Dreiser's novel___________ .A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. Dreiser Looks at RussiaD. Jannie Gerhardt21. The main theme of___________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.A. Henry James'B. William Dean Howells'C. Mark Twain'sD. O. Henry's22. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism23. Choose the three staunch advocates of nineteenth-century American realism.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. William Dean HowellsD. Jack London24. Choose the works which contain bitter attacks on the human race.A. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's CourtB. The Man That Corrupted HadleyburgC. The Mysterious StrangerD. The Autobiography25. Mark Twain was a great social critic and a friend of the Chinese. His Disgraceful Percecution of a Boy is a scathing piece of criticism directed against the per secution of the___________ immigrants in California.A. QuakersB. ChineseC. FrenchD. Japanese26. Mark Twain stood on the side of China in its struggle against foreign invasions. His___________ and___________ are two notable examples of his vigorous at tacks on the imperialist behavior of the UnitedStates_____________ .A. The Treaty with ChinaB. To the Person Sitting in DarknessC. Disgraceful Persecution of a BoyD. Goldsmith' s Friend Abroad Again27. Stephen Crane's best short stories include _________,_________, all reinforcing the basic Crane motif of environment and heredity overwhelming man.A. Open BoatB. The Blue HotelC. An Experiment in MiseryD. The Red Badge of Courage28. Which writers have naturalist tendency?A. Stephen CraneB. Benjamin Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Edwin Arlington Robinson29. Theodore Dreiser was left-oriented in his views. He visited Russia and wrote and _________ to express his new faith, and shortly before his death, he joined the Communist Party.A. Dreiser Looks at RussiaB. Tragic AmericaC. An American TragedyD. The Titan30. Choose Jack London' s works from the following.A. The Call of the WildB. White FangC. The Sea WolfD. Martin EdenAmerican ModernismI. Fill in the blanks.1.__________ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenthcentury and the contemporary American literature.2.American writers of the first postwar era self-consciouslyacknowledged that they were a "__________ " , devoid of faith andalienated from a civilization.3.The most significant American poem of the twentieth centurywas_____________ .4.The publication of The Waste Land, written by____________ ,helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learningand allusive thought.5.In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation ofAmerican small-town provincialism in___________ .6. F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the1920s decade in his masterpiece novel___________ .7.The__________ of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nation'sself-confidence.8.An American woman writer named ____________ who had lived inParis since 1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name "the Lost Generation".9._____ wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in theAmerican Southern States, and its effect on the lives of modernpeople, both black and white.10.Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which hecalled the "__________ " movement.11.Ezra Pound's major work of poetry is the long poemcalled______________ .12.One of Edwin Arlington Robinson's early books, _____________ ,once came to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt.13.Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and washonored with the___________ Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928.14.Robert Frost' s first book___________ brought him to the attention ofinfluential critics, such as Ezra Pound, who praised him as anauthentic poet.15.Robert Frost's second volume of poems was______________ .16."After Apple-Picking" is a well-known poem written by _______ .17._________ , one of Robert Frost' s longest poems, is a very witty andwise anecdotal discussion about the values of life and character.18.At one time, Sandburg's reputation mainly rested on a multi-volumebiography of__________ including " The Prairie Years" and " The War Years".19.Carl Sandburg' s love of folklore developed in time into a rathermodern tend ency to represent it in literature such as inhis___________ .20.______ was successful in two fields of activity which did not seemcompatible with one another; he was a very successful businessman and a very remarkable contemporary poet at the same time.21.At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish abook of poems, entitled___________ .22.__________ is a collection of Wallace Stevens' s occasional lectureson poetry.23.For the publication of his Collected Poems, ___________ receivedthe National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.24.After his death, Wallace Stevens's previously uncollected worksappeared under the title__________ .25.In 1915, __________ published his Prufrock and OtherObservations.26.In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his____________ ,containing, among other essays, "Tradition and the Individual Talent", the earliest statement of his aesthetics.27.In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write hismasterpiece_______________ , one of the major works of modern literature.28.As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice ofhis close friend___________ in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land.29.Thomas Stearns Eliot' s later poetry took a positive turn toward faithin life. This was demonstrated by____________ , a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt.30.In his work___________ , Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the strawmen, the Guy Fawkles men, whose world would end "not with a bang, but a whimper. "31.Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own daythan_____________ , and even those who strongly disagree with him seemed content with his selection for the Nobel Prize in 1948.32.Thomas Steams Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of whichis________________ , a verse play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935.33.Thomas Stearns Eliot's last important work was____________ , aprofound meditation on time and timelessness, written in four parts.34.F. Scott Fitzgerald' s first novel____________ , with its portrayal ofcasual dissipations of "flaming youth" , was an immediatecommercial success.35.In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote his best novel_____________ . It isthe story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of thewealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.36.F. Scott Fitzgerald' s second novel______________ describes ahandsome young man and his beautiful wife, undoubtedly modelled after himself and Zelda.37.The hero in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel_____________ is apsychiatrist who marries a rich patient. The author condemns the wasted energy of misguided youth.38.F. Scott Fitzgerald's last novel_____________ remained unfinished.39.With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, _____________ becamethe spokes man for what Gertrude Stein had called "a LostGeneration".40.Emest Hemingway' s stature as a writer was confirmed with thepublication of his novel___________ in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.41.Set in Spain during the Civil War, the novel_____________ statedagain Hemingway ' s view of love found and lost, and described the indomitable spirit of the common people.42.In the story The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrayedan old fisherman named___________ , who shows triumphant even in defeat.43.In 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded a_______________ for his"mastery of the art of modem narration".44.Numerous parallels exist between the events of Ernest Hemingway'slife and those of his characters, but fewer were closer than those of Richard Cantwell, the hero of the work _________ .45.In 1952, Ernest Hemingway published a successful novelentitled_____________ , which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and occasioned the award of the Nobel Prize in 1954.46.In the same way that F. Scott Fitzgerald' s Tales of the Jazz Agebecame the symbol for an age, Ernest Hemingway' s novel ______ painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation.47.Ernest Hemingway' s___________ can be read as a footnote to TheSun Also Rises in that it explains how people, like Jake Barnes, come to behave the way they do.48.The Spanish war was conductive to Ernest Hemingway' swriting_____________ , a play which was universally deplored.49.___________ was the foremost novelist of the American Depressionof the 1930s.50.In the short novel___________ , John Steinbeck portrayed the tragicfriendship between two migrant workers.51.In the work___________ John Steinbeck described the fate of thelowly whose instinctive responses to life led only to destruction.52.__________ is generally regarded as John Steinbeck' s masterpiece.53.In 1935, John Steinbeck published_____________ , a collection ofshort stories which vividly described the life of poorMexican-Americans with affection and humor.54.John Steinbeck' s post-war novel ______________ reflected hisbitter feelings against those greedy, rapacious elements of societywhich made the war possible.55.Quentin is a character in William Faulkner's novel____________ .56.Joe Christmas is a character in William Faulkner'snovel____________ .57.The works written by___________ may be viewed as a culminationof the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.58.Katherine Ann Porter's novel Ship of Fools consists of three parts,____________, ________ and____________ .59.In her essay "Place in Fiction" , Eudora Welty emphasizes theimportance of ________ for literary creations. She is noted for herfidelity to the American South, so her major theme relateto____________ .60.Carson McCullers was said to touch William Faulkner in writing, andher well-known novels are___________ and____________ .61.One of the important figures in the 1930s who tried to adaptEuropean avantgardism to American writing is62.The New Criticism first emerged in 1920s as a reaction against theprevailing time-honored critical tendency to focus on the theme often in disregard of the form of the work. The name is given by JohnCrowe Ransom' s collection of critical essays__________ .II. Decide whether Hie statements are true or false.1.In the years preceding World War I , nineteenth-century realism andnaturalism remained vital forces in American literature.2.The best-selling American books in the first decades of the twentiethcentury were historical romances.3.Early in the twentieth-century, the growth of mass-circulationperiodicals created a rich marketplace for popular writers.4.Early in the 20th century, a rising number of " little magazines"brought numerous avant-garde writers to the attention of a limited but sophisticated audience.5.The form and direction of modem American literature had clearlybegun to emerge in the first decade of the 20th century.6.For the U. S. , the First World War began as a crusade for purity anddemocracy, and at its end, President Wilson proclaimed thatAmericans had gained everything for which they had fought.7.The First World War led the American intellectuals to a bitterdisillusionment.8.In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a newdiversity and reached its greatest heights.9.Jazz music of the American Negro is the most influential art form tooriginate in the U. S.10.The American years between 1920 and 1930 were a time of newdirection and new achievements in all the arts.11.Although short-lived, the Imagist movement had a tremendousinfluence on modern poetry.12.Ezra Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of histime.13.Three American writers won the Nobel Prize for Literature during theyears between the two world wars.14.Edwin Arlington Robinson began his career as a novelist in bleaknessand poverty.15.Edwin Arlington Robinson* s poems sometimes appear to be simple,yet the surface simplicity often serves to conceal an intricacy andsubtlety of thought.16.Like Robert Frost, Edwin Arlington Robinson was also noted for hisuse of a dry, sometimes biting, New England humor.17.By the end of his life, Edgar Allan Poe had become a national bard;he received honorary degrees from forty-four colleges anduniversities.18.Robert Frost won four Nobel Prizes in his life.19.Robert Frost rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of hiscontemporaries, and chose "the old-fashioned way to be new" instead.20.Robert Frost employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders andpreferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.21.As a poet of nature, Robert Frost had obvious affinities with romanticwriters, notably William Wordsworth and Ralph Waldo Emerson, and he saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol.22.Robert Frost's concern with nature reflected his deep moraluncertainties.23.Robert Frost's poetry often probes mysteries of darkness andirrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferentuniverse where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed.24.Among the American poets since Walt Whitman, Robert Frost is themost universal in his appeal.25.In popularity Carl Sandburg came next after Robert Frost. His mostcherished ideal of life was to be "the word of the people. "。