中国文交所中英文介绍NJ

银行术语--中英文对照

ABS 资产担保证券（Asset Backed Securities的英文缩写) Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Acceptor 承兑人；受票人; 接受人Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据Accounts payable 应付帐款Accounts receivable 应收帐款Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员（SEC）条例,可参与一般美国非公开(私募）发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。

Accredit value 自然增长值Accrediting 本金增值适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具(如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权)的期限内连续增长.Accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制Accrued interest 应计利息ACE 美国商品交易所Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率Acquisition 收购Across the board 全面一致;全盘的Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋Active assets 活动资产;有收益资产Active capital 活动资本Actual market 现货市场Actual price 现货价Actual useful life 实际可用年期Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家ADB 亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank的英文缩写）ADR 美国存股证;美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见AmericanDepository Receipt栏目)ADS 美国存托股份(American Depository Share的英文缩写)Ad valorem 从价;按值Ad valorem stamp duty 从价印花税Adjudicator 审裁员Adjustable rate mortgage调息按揭（ARM）Admitted value 认可值Advance 垫款Affiliated company 关联公司;联营公司After date 发票后，出票后After-hours dealing 收市后交易After-market 后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场.市场参与者关注的是紧随的后市情况，即头几个交易日。

中国公司英文名称及部门大全

中国公司英文名称大全Historical Relics Exhibition Corporation for Foreign Countries 对外文物展览公司Performing Arts Agency 对外演出公司Overseas Building Materials and Equipment Corporation 对外建筑材料设备公司Foreign Trade Storage Corporation 对外贸易仓储公司foreign Trade Transportation Corporation 对外贸易运输公司Foreign Trade Consultation & Technical Service Corporation 对外贸易咨询与技术服务公司Exhibition Agency for Foreign Countries 对外展览公司Export Commodities Fair 出口商品交易会Native Produce & Animal By-products Import and Export Corporation 土产畜产进出口公司Chemicals Import and Export Corporation 化工进出口公司Metals & Minerals Import and Export Corporation 五金矿产进出口公司Electronics Import and Export Corporation 电子技术进出口公司Electric Wire & Cable Export Corporation 电线电缆出口联营公司Publishing Industry Trading Corporation 出版对外贸易公司Packaging Import and Export Corporation 包装进出口公司Instruments Import and Export Corporation 仪器进出口公司Machinery & Equipment Import and Export Corporation 机械设备进出口公司Complete Plant import and Export Corporation 成套设备进出口公司Communications Import and Export Service Corporation 交通进出口服务公司Machine-building International Corporation 机械对外经济技术合作公司Machinery Import and Export Corporation 机械进出口公司Corporation for International Cooperation in Agriculture, Livestock and Fishery 农牧渔业国际合作公司Import and Export Service Company for Farms and Land Reclamation 农垦进出口服务公司Import and Export Commodities Inspection Corporation 进出口商品检验公司Technical Import and Export Corporation 技术进出口公司Textiles Import and Export Corporation 纺织品进出口公司Import Corporation of Textile Machinery 纺织机械进出口公司Import Corporation of Technology of Textile Machinery 纺织机械技术进出口公司Metallurgical Import and Export Corporation 冶金进出口公司Forestry Import and Export Company 林业进出口公司Forestry Machinery Import and Export Company 林业机械进出口公司International Packaging Leasing Corporation Ltd. 国际包装租赁有限公司International Non-ferrous Metals Leasing Corporation Ltd. 国际有色金属租赁有限公司International Book Trading Corporation 国际图书贸易有限公司International Economic Consultants Incorporation 国际经济咨询公司International Marine Containers Ltd. 国际海运集装股份有限公司Light Industrial Products Import and Export Corporation 轻工业品进出口公司Publication Import and Export Corporation 图书进出口公司Tea and Native Produce Import and Export Corporation 茶叶土产进出口公司Animal Breeding Stock Import and Export Corporation 种畜进出口公司Bearing Joint Export Corporation 轴承出口联营公司Aero-technology Import and Export Corporation 航空技术进出口公司Tobacco Import and Export Corporation 烟草进出口公司Leasing Company Ltd. 租赁有限公司Railway Foreign Service Corporation 铁路对外服务公司Cereals, Oil and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation 粮油食品进出口公司Coal Import and Export Corporation 煤炭进出口公司Microforms Import and Export Corporation 缩型出版物进出口公司Precision Machinery Import and Export corporation 精密机械进出口公司Abrasives Export Corporation 磨料磨具进出口公司Scientific Instrument import and Export Corporation 科学仪器进出口公司foreign Trade Corporation 对外贸易公司Aquatic Products Import and Export Corporation 水产进出口公司Ceramics Import and Export Corporation 陶瓷进出口公司International Cooperation Corporation of Economics and Technology 国际经济技术进出口公司Trading Company 贸易公司comprehensive Trading Company 综合贸易公司Trade Development Company 贸易发展公司Overseas Economic Trading Company 海外经济贸易公司Investment Company 投资公司Trust Company 信托公司International Trust and Investment Company 国际信托投资公司Loan Investment Company 信贷投资公司Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司People's Insurance Agency 人民保险公司Labour Insurance Agency 劳动保险公司Life Insurance Agency 人寿保险公司Pacific Insurance Agency 太平洋保险公司Securities Agency 证券公司Stock Exchange 股票交易所Futures Exchange 期货交易所Commodities Futures Exchange 商品期货交易所Futures Brokerage Company Ltd. 期货经纪有限公司Cereals and Oil Futures Exchange 粮油期货交易公司部门英文名称大全（仅供参考）总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department人力资源部Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D) 秘书室Secretarial Pool采购部Purchasing Department工程部Engineering Department行政部Admin. Department人力资源部HR Department市场部Marketing Department技术部Technolog Department客服部Service Department行政部Administration财务部Financial Department总经理室Direcotor, or President副总经理室Deputy Director, or V ice president总经办General Deparment采购部Purchase & Order Department工程部Engineering Deparment研发部Research Deparment生产部Productive Department销售部Sales Deparment广东业务部GD Branch Deparment无线事业部Wireless Industry Department拓展部Business Expending Department物供部Supply DepartmentB＆D business and development 业务拓展部Marketing 市场部Sales 销售部HR 人力资源部Account 会计部PR people relationship 公共关系部OFC (Office, 但不常见) / OMB = Office of Management and Budget 办公室Finance 财务部MKTG (Marketing) 市场部R&D (Research & Development) 研发部MFG (Manufacturing) 产品部Administration Dept. 管理部Purchasing Dept 采购部Chairman/President Office // Gerneral Manager office or GM office 总经理办公室Monitor & Support Department 监事会Strategy Research 战略研究部外销部：Overseas Department,International Sales Section,Export Section财务科:Financial/Fiscal Department党支部:Communist Party Office会议室:Meeting Room/Hall/Auditorium,或Conference Hall/Auditorium或直接Auditorium, 视其大小而定了。

组织机构中英文对照

AAcademic Advisory Committee (SFC)学术界咨询委员会（证监会）Academic and Accreditation Advisory Committee (AAAC) (SFC)学术评审咨询委员会（证监会）ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants)特许公认会计师公会ACCA Hong Kong (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Hong Kong) 特许公认会计师公会香港分会Actuarial Society of Hong Kong香港精算学会Advisory Committee (SFC)咨询委员会（证监会）Agency for International Development (AID)国际发展机构Airport Authority机场管理局Alberta Securities Commission, Canada加拿大阿尔伯达省证券监察委员会American Commodities Exchange (ACE)美国商品交易所American Institute of Certified Public Accountants美国执业会计师公会American Stock Exchange LLC (AMEX)美国证券交易所有限责任公司AMF (Autorit ; des march ;s financiers, France)法国金融市场管理局Amsterdam Exchanges阿姆斯特丹交易所Amsterdam Stock Exchange阿姆斯特丹证券交易所Appeals Panel上诉委员会Arbitration Panel under the Leveraged Foreign Exchange Trading Ordinance 杠杆式外汇买卖条例仲裁委员会ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)东盟自由贸易区Asia Development Fund (ADF)亚洲发展基金Asia Pacific Regional Committee (APRC), IOSCO国际证监会组织亚太区委员会Asian Clearing Union (ACU)亚洲结算联盟Asian Development Bank (ADB)亚洲开发银行（亚银）Asian Securities Analysts Council (ASAC)亚洲证券分析员公会Asian Securities Analysts Federation (ASAF )亚洲证券分析师联合会Asia-Pacific Central Securities Depository Group (ACG)亚太区中央证券存管处组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)亚太区经济合作组织（亚太经合组织）Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering亚洲／太平洋反清洗黑钱组织Asia-Pacific Loan Market Association亚太区贷款市场协会ASIC (Australian Securities & Investments Commission)澳洲证监会（澳大利亚证券及投资事务监察委员会）Associate Clearing Housing Amsterdam B.V.阿姆斯特丹联合结算所有限公司Association for Investment Management and Research投资管理研究联会Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA)特许公认会计师公会Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Hong Kong (ACCA Hong Kong)特许公认会计师公会香港分会Association of Futures Exchange Brokers香港期货经纪协会Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Audit Commission (HKSAR)审计署（香港特别行政区）Audit Committee (SFC, HKEx)稽核委员会（证监会；香港交易所）Australian Options Market澳大利亚期权市场Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority澳大利亚审慎监管局Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC)澳大利亚证券及投资事务监察委员会（澳洲证监会）Australian Securities Commission (ASC)澳大利亚证券事务监察委员会Australian Stock Exchange Limited (ASX)澳大利亚证券交易所有限公司（澳交所）Automated Clearing House自动票据交换所Autoridade Monetaria de Macau (Monetary Authority of Macau, formerly Autoridade Monetaria e Cambial de Macau (Monetary and Foreign Exchange Authority of Macau)), Macau SAR澳门特别行政区澳门金融管理局（前称澳门货币暨汇兑监理署）Autorit ; des march ;s financiers (AMF), France法国金融市场管理局BBank for International Settlements (BIS)国际结算银行Bank of England英国英伦银行Banking Advisory Committee银行业务咨询委员会Banking Supervision Review Committee (BSRC)银行业监管检讨委员会Bar Association of Hong Kong香港大律师公会Basle Committee/Basel Committee巴塞尔委员会Basle Committee on Banking Supervision巴塞尔银行监管委员会Basle Payments Committee巴塞尔支付委员会Basle Supervisors' Committee巴塞尔监管委员会Benelux Alliance比利时、荷兰、卢森堡交易所联盟Bermuda Monetary Authority, Bermuda百慕达金融事务管理局Berne Union伯尔尼联合会Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System联邦储备委员会Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织理事会Board of Governors of the World Bank世界银行理事会Board of HKEx香港交易所董事会Board of Inland Revenue税务委员会Board of Review (Inland Revenue)税务上诉委员会Board of the SFC证监会董事局Board of Trade Clearing Corporation (Chicago)交易所结算公司（芝加哥）Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, Inc.芝加哥城交易所有限公司Bolsa de Madrid马德里交易所Bolsa de Mercadorias & Futuros (Commodities & Futures Exchange) (BM&F), Brazil 巴西商品期货交易所Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)孟买证券交易所Borsa Italiana S.p.A.意大利交易所股份公司Bourse de Montreal Inc.蒙特利尔交易所有限公司British Columbia Securities Commission (Canada)英属哥伦比亚省证券监察委员会（加拿大）British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission英属维京群岛金融服务监察委员会Brokers' Fidelity Insurance Claims Sub-Committee经纪忠诚保险计划索偿小组Brookings Institution, USA布鲁金斯研究所（美国）Brussels Exchanges布鲁塞尔交易所Brussels Stock Exchange布鲁塞尔证券交易所Budget Committee (SFC)财政预算委员会（证监会）Bundesanstalt f ;r Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) (Federal Financial Supervisory Authority), Germany德国联邦金融事务监察局Bundesaufsichtsamt f ;r das Kreditwesen (BAKred) (German Federal Banking Supervisory Office), Germany德国联邦银行业监管局Bundesaufsichtsamt f ;r den Wertpapierhandel (BAWe) (German Federal Securities Supervisory Office), Germany德国联邦证券监管办事处CCalcutta Stock Exchange加尔各答证券交易所Canadian Institute of Securities加拿大证券学会Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA)加拿大证券管理局Capital Markets Board, Turkey土耳其资本市场委员会Capital Markets Supervisory Agency (BAPEPAM), Indonesia印度尼西亚资本巿场监察局Caribbean Community (CARICOM)加勒比共同体Cash Market Consultative Panel (HKEx)现货市场咨询小组（香港交易所）CCASS Depository中央结算系统证券存管处CEDEL世达国际结算系统Central Bank Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) (under G-10)中央银行支付及结算系统委员会（十国集团属下组织）Central Bank of Cyprus塞浦路斯中央银行Central Bank of Ireland (CBI)爱尔兰中央银行Central Banks of South East Asia, New Zealand and Australia (SEANZA)东南亚、新西兰及澳大利亚中央银行组织Central Depositary Pte. Limited中央存管处有限公司Central Liquidity Facility (CLF)中央流动性便利（机构）Central Registration Hong Kong Limited (now Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited) 香港中央证券登记有限公司Central Securities Depositories中央证券存管处CFTC (Commodity Futures Trading Commission)美国商品及期货交易委员会Chamber of Hong Kong Listed Companies香港上市公司商会Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA)特许管理会计师公会Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), Hong Kong特许管理会计师公会香港分会Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA), UK英国特许公共财政及会计学会Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT)芝加哥交易所Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc. (CBOE)芝加哥期权交易所有限公司Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. (CME)芝加哥商品交易所有限公司Chief Executive-in-Council行政长官会同行政会议China Banking Regulatory Commission中国银行业监督管理委员会China Government Securities Depository Trust & Clearing Co. Ltd.中央国债登记结算有限责任公司China Insurance Regulatory Commission中国保险监督委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)（中国证监会）中国证券监督管理委员会Chinese Bankers Club, Hong Kong香港银行华员会Chinese General Chamber of Commerce香港中华总商会Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange Society金银业贸易场Chinese Securities Association (CSA) (Taiwan)中华民国证券商业同业公会（台湾）CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants)特许管理会计师公会CIMA Hong Kong (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants Hong Kong) 特许管理会计师公会香港分会City Panel on Takeovers & Mergers (London)伦敦收购及合并委员会Clearing Consultative Panel结算咨询小组COB (Commission des Operations de Bourse), France法国交易所事务监察委员会Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange Inc. of New York纽约咖啡、糖、可可交易所Comisi ;n Nacional del Mercado de Valores, Spain西班牙全国证券市场监察委员会Comissao do Mercado de Valores Mobili ;rios (Portugal Securities Market Commission)葡萄牙证券市场监察委员会Commercial Crime Bureau (Hong Kong Police)商业罪案调查科（香港警务处）Comissao de Valores Mobili ;rios (Securities Commission), Brazil巴西证券监察委员会Commision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, Mexico墨西哥全国银行及证券监察委员会Commission des Operations de Bourse of France (COB)法国交易所事务监察委员会Commission des valeurs mobili ;res du Qu ;bec (Quebec Securities Commission) (CVMQ)魁北克省证券监察委员会Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF), Luxembourg卢森堡金融业监管委员会Commission for Economic Restructuring, China经济体制改革委员会（体改委）（中国）Commissione Nazionale per le Societ ; e la Borsa (National Companies and Exchange Commission of Italy) (CONSOB)意大利全国证券交易所监察委员会Commissioner for Securities and Commodities Trading证券及商品交易监理专员（证监专员）Committee of Payment System (HKMA)支付系统小组委员会（金管局）Committee on Investment-linked Assurance and Pooled Retirement Funds (SFC)与投资有关的人寿保险计划及集资退休基金委员会（证监会）Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS)支付及结算系统委员会Committee on Takeovers and Mergers收购及合并委员会Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS)全球金融体系委员会Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (CUSIP)统一证券鉴定程序委员会Committee on Unit Trusts (SFC)单位信托委员会（证监会）Commodities & Futures Exchange (Bolsa de Mercadorias & Futuros) (BM&F), Brazil 巴西商品期货交易所Commodities Exchange of Australia (CXA)澳大利亚商品交易所Commodity and Monetary Exchange of Malaysia (COMMEX)马来西亚商品与货币交易所Commodity Exchange, Inc. (COMEX), New York商品交易所有限公司（纽约）Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), USA商品期货交易委员会（美国）Companies Registry公司注册处Compensation Committee (HKEx)赔偿委员会（香港交易所）Compensation Review Committee赔偿检讨委员会Complaints Control Committee (SFC)投诉监控委员会（证监会）Compliance Committee (SEHK)监察委员会（联交所）Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited (CHIS, formerly Central Registration Hong Kong Limited)香港中央证券登记有限公司Conflict Committee利益冲突事宜委员会Conseil du Marche a Terme (CMT), France法国期货及期权监管委员会Co-ordinating Committee on Market Structure Reform市场架构改革统筹委员会Copenhagen Stock Exchange A/S哥本哈根证券交易所股份有限公司Corporate Affairs Division (SFC)机构事务部（证监会）Corporate Communications Department (HKEx)企业传讯部（香港交易所）Corporate Communications Department (SFC)机构传讯科（证监会）Corporate Finance Division (SFC)企业融资部（证监会）Council of SEHK香港联合交易所理事会Corporate Planning (SFC)机构规划（证监会）Court of Appeal上诉法庭Court of Final Appeal终审法院Court of First Instance原讼法庭Crisis Control Management Centre (SFC)危机监控中心（证监会）Cross-Market Surveillance Committee跨市场监察委员会CSRC (China Securities Regulatory Commission)中国证监会（中国证券监督管理委员会）DDBAG (Deutsche Borse AG), Germany德国交易所股份公司Deposit-Taking Companies Advisory Committee接受存款公司咨询委员会Derivatives Market Consultative Panel (HKEx)衍生工具市场咨询小组（香港交易所）Deutsche Borse AG (DBAG), Germany德国交易所股份公司Deutsche Terminborse (DTB), Germany德国期权及期货交易所Disciplinary Appeals Committee纪律上诉委员会Disciplinary Committee纪律委员会District Court区域法院DTC Association (Hong Kong Association of Restricted Licence Banks and Deposit-taking Companies) 存款公司公会Dual Filing Advisory Group双重存档事宜顾问小组EEast Asia and Oceanian Stock Exchanges Federation东亚及大洋洲证券交易所联会East Asian Stock Exchange Conference (EASEC)东亚证券交易所联合会议Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) (EU)经济及货币联盟（欧盟）Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) (United Nations)欧洲经济委员会（联合国）Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU)经济情报组织Economic Restructuring Office of the State Council (China)国务院经济体制改革办公室（体改办）（中国）Economic Services Bureau (ESB)经济局Eidgenossische Bankenkommission, The Swiss Confederation瑞士联邦联邦银行委员会Electronic Investor Resources Centre (eIRC) (SFC)网上投资者资源中心（证监会）Enforcement Division (SFC)法规执行部（证监会）Eurex欧洲期货及期权交易所Eurex Clearing AG欧洲期货及期权交易所结算有限公司Euronext法比荷交易所联盟（巴黎、比利时、阿姆斯特丹交易所联盟）Euronext Amsterdam N.V.Euronext阿姆斯特丹公众有限公司Euronext Brussels S.A./N.V.Euronext布鲁塞尔股份有限公司／公众有限公司Euronext Paris S.A.Euronext巴黎股份有限公司European Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (EASDAQ) 欧洲证券交易商协会自动报价系统European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) (World Bank)欧洲复兴及开发银行（世界银行）European Clearing House (ECH)欧洲结算所European Commission欧洲委员会European Common Market欧洲共同市场European Community欧洲共同体European Council欧洲理事会European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)欧洲经济及货币联盟European Economic Community (EEC)欧洲经济共同体（欧共体）European Futures & Options Exchange (Eurex)欧洲期货及期权交易所European Futures Clearing Corporation B.V. (Amsterdam)欧洲期货结算有限公司（阿姆斯特丹）European Investment Bank欧洲投资银行European Monetary Union (EMU)欧洲货币联盟European Options Clearing Corporation Holding B.V. (Amsterdam) 欧洲期权结算控股有限公司（阿姆斯特丹）European Options Exchange欧洲期权交易所European Options Exchange (Amsterdam)欧洲期权交易所（阿姆斯特丹）European Parliament欧洲议会European Union (EU) (developed from the European Community)欧洲联盟（欧盟）（前身为欧洲共同体）Exchange Banks' Association, Hong Kong香港外汇银行公会Exchange Fund外汇基金Exchange Fund Advisory Committee (HKMA)外汇基金咨询委员会（金管局）Exchange Fund Investment Limited外汇基金投资有限公司ExCMT (HKEx Contingency Management Team)香港交易所紧急事故管理组Executive Meeting of East Asian and Pacific Central Banks (EMEAP)东亚及太平洋中央银行行政会议Expert Group to Review the Operation of the Securities and Futures Market Regulatory Structure 检讨证券及期货市场规管架构运作专家小组FFannie Mae (Federal National Mortgage Association) (FNMA)房利美（美国联邦国民抵押贷款协会）Federal Advisory Council美国联储咨询委员会Federal Credit Union联邦信贷协会Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation联邦存款保险公司Federal Home Loan Bank Board联邦住宅贷款银行委员会Federal Intermediate Credit Bank联邦中期信贷银行Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) (Fannie Mae)美国联邦国民抵押贷款协会（房利美）Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)联邦公开市场委员会Federal Reserve Bank联邦储备银行Federal Reserve Board (FRB)联邦储备局Federal Savings and Loan Association联邦储蓄与信贷协会Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation联邦储蓄与信贷保险公司Federation Internationale des Bourses de Valeurs/International Federation of Stock Exchanges (FIBV) (renamed World Federation of Exchanges)国际证券交易所联会（现称全球证券交易所联会）Federation of Share Registrars Limited证券登记公司总会有限公司FI (Finansinspektionen) (Financial Services Authority) (SFSA), Sweden瑞典金融事务监管局Finance Bureau库务局Finance Committee财务委员会Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF)打击清洗黑钱财务行动特别组织Financial Affairs Panel of LegCo立法会财经事务委员会Financial and Institutional Coordinating Committee财务监督委员会Financial Intermediaries, Managers & Brokers Regulatory Association (FIMBRA), UK金融业中介团体、经理及经纪监管协会（英国）Financial Market Development Task Force财经市场发展专责小组Financial Services Agency, Japan日本金融厅Financial Supervision Commission, Isle of Man人岛金融事务监察委员会Financial Services and Systems Limited财经服务暨策划有限公司Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB)财经事务及库务局Financial Services Authority (FSA), UK英国金融服务管理局；英国财经事务局Financial Services Board of South Africa (FSB)南非财经事务局Financial Services Branch (FSB)财经事务科Financial Services Development Centre of Vocational Training Council职业训练局财经事务培训发展中心Financial Services Liaison Committee金融事务联络委员会Financial Stability Forum (FSF)金融稳定论坛；世界金融稳定论坛Financial Stability Forum Task Force on Implementation of Global Standards 金融稳定论坛落实全球标准专责小组Finansinspektionen (Financial Services Authority), Sweden (SFSA or FI)瑞典金融事务监管局FNMA (Federal National Mortgage Association) (Fannie Mae)房利美（美国联邦国民抵押贷款协会）Foreign Exchange and Market Practices Committee外汇及市场惯例委员会Forex Club外汇同业联会Frankfurt Stock Exchange法兰克福证券交易所Futures Compensation Fund Committee (SFC)期货赔偿基金委员会（证监会）Futures Industry Association (FIA)期货业协会GG7 (Group of Seven)七大工业国G10 (Group of Ten)十国集团；十国财团组织G30 (Group of Thirty)三十人集团G22 (Group of Twenty-Two)22个经济体系集团G22 Working Group on Transparency and Accountability22个经济体系集团辖下提高透明度与问责性工作小组GEM Listing Committee创业板上市委员会GEM Listing Division创业板上市科German Federal Securities Supervisory Office (Bundesaufsichtsamt f ;r den Wertpapierhandel, Germany) (BAWe)德国联邦证券监管办事处German Stock Exchange德国证券交易所Global Straight Through Processing Association (GSTPA)全球直通式处理协会GLOBEX Alliance全球电子交易系统联盟Government Information Centre政府信息中心Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Government of the HKSAR) 香港特别行政区政府（香港特区政府）Group of Seven (G7)七大工业国Group of Ten (G10)十国集团；十国财团组织Group of Thirty (G30)三十人集团Group of Twenty-Two (G22)22个经济体系集团Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) (Hong Kong)创业板（香港）Growth Enterprise Market Listing Committee (GEM Listing Committee)创业板上市委员会Guernsey Financial Services Commission, Channel Islands海峡群岛耿济岛金融服务业监察委员会HHarvard Institute for International Development哈佛国际发展研究中心Hellenic Capital Market Commission, Greece希腊资本市场监察委员会Helsinki Exchanges赫尔辛基证券交易所Helsinki Securities and Derivatives Exchange, Clearing House Ltd.赫尔辛基证券及衍生商品交易所及结算所有限公司Heritage Foundation, USA美国传统基金会High Court of the HKSAR香港特别行政区高等法院HKEx (Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited)香港交易所（香港交易及结算所有限公司）HKFE Clearing Corporation Limited (HKFECC)香港期货结算有限公司（期货结算公司）HKEx Contingency Management Team (ExCMT)香港交易所紧急事故管理组HKMA (Hong Kong Monetary Authority)金管局（香港金融管理局）HKMC (Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited)香港按揭证券有限公司HKSCC (Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited; Hongkong Clearing)香港结算公司（香港中央结算有限公司；香港结算）HKSCC Nominees Limited香港中央结算（代理人）有限公司HKSCC Registrars Limited (renamed Hong Kong Registrars Limited)香港中央结算（证券登记）有限公司（现称香港证券登记有限公司）Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council国务院港澳事务办公室Hong Kong Association of Accounting Technicians香港专业会计员协会Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB)香港银行公会Hong Kong Association of Financial Advisors香港财务顾问学会Hong Kong Association of Online Brokers (HKAOB)香港网上经纪协会Hong Kong Association of Restricted Licence Banks and Deposit-taking Companies (DTC Association) 存款公司公会Hong Kong Capital Markets Association香港资本市场公会Hong Kong Centre of United Kingdom Chartered Institute of Banks英国特许银行学会香港分会Hong Kong Chinese Enterprises Association香港中国企业协会Hong Kong Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange Society香港金银业贸易场Hong Kong Commodity Exchange Limited (renamed Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited) 香港商品交易所有限公司（现称香港期货交易所有限公司）Hong Kong Confederation of Insurance Brokers香港保险顾问联会Hong Kong Consumer Council香港消费者委员会Hong Kong Corporate Finance Association香港企业融资协会Hong Kong Economic Research Centre香港经济研究中心Hong Kong Exchange Fund香港外汇基金Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx)香港交易及结算所有限公司（香港交易所）Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation (HKECIC)香港出口信用保险局Hong Kong Federation of Insurers香港保险业联会Hong Kong Federation of Stock Exchanges香港证券交易所联会Hong Kong Financial Executives Institute香港财经行政人员机构协会Hong Kong Financial Markets Development Limited香港金融市场发展有限公司Hong Kong Foreign Exchange and Deposit Broker's Association香港外汇及存款经纪同业公会Hong Kong Forex Association香港外汇同业联会Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited (HKFE) (formerly Hong Kong Commodity Exchange Limited) 香港期货交易所有限公司（期交所）（前称香港商品交易所有限公司）Hong Kong Futures Guarantee Corporation Limited (HKFGC)香港期货保证有限公司Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce香港总商会Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research (HKIMR)香港金融研究中心Hong Kong Institute of Bankers (HKIB)香港银行学会Hong Kong Institute of Company Secretaries香港公司秘书公会Hong Kong Institute of Directors香港董事学会Hong Kong Institute of Investment Analysts香港投资分析员公会Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited香港银行同业结算有限公司Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC)香港国际仲裁中心Hong Kong Investment Funds Association (HKIFA)香港投资基金公会Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)香港金融管理局（金管局）Hong Kong Monetary Institutions Association香港金融业总会Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited (HKMC)香港按揭证券有限公司Hong Kong Productivity Council香港生产力促进局Hong Kong Registrars Limited (formerly HKSCC Registrars Limited)香港证券登记有限公司（前称香港中央结算（证券登记）有限公司）Hong Kong Retirement Schemes Association香港退休计划协会Hong Kong Securities and Futures Industry Staff Union香港证券及期货业职工会Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited (HKSCC; Hongkong Clearing)香港中央结算有限公司（香港结算公司；香港结算）Hong Kong Securities Industry Group (HKSIG)香港证券业组织Hong Kong Securities Institute (HKSI)香港证券专业学会（前称香港证券学院）Hong Kong Securities Professionals Alumni Association (renamed Hong Kong Securities Professionals Association)香港证券业同学会（现称香港证券学会）Hong Kong Securities Professionals Association (formerly Hong Kong Securities Professionals Alumni Association)香港证券学会（前称香港证券业同学会）Hong Kong Society of Accountants香港会计师公会Hong Kong Society of Financial Analysts Limited香港财经分析师学会Hong Kong Stamp Office香港印花税署Hong Kong Stock Exchange香港证券交易所Hong Kong Stockbrokers Association Limited香港证券经纪业协会有限公司Hong Kong Trade Development Council香港贸易发展局Hong Kong Trustees Association香港信托人公会Hong Kong Venture Capital Association香港创业投资协会Hongkong Association of Minority Shareholders (HAMS)香港小股东权益协会Hongkong Clearing (Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited; HKSCC)香港结算（香港中央结算有限公司；香港结算公司）Hongkong Post香港邮政署HSI International Limited恒指国际有限公司HSI Services Limited恒指服务有限公司Hungarian Financial Supervisory Authority匈牙利金融事务监督局IICSA (Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators)特许秘书及行政人员公会Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC)廉政公署Informal Working Group on Financial Technology Infrastructure金融科技基础设施非正式工作小组Insider Dealing Tribunal内幕交易审裁处Institut Mon ;taire Luxembourgeois (Monetary Institute), Luxembourg卢森堡金融管理局Institute of Certified Public Accountants (CPA US)执业会计师公会（美国）Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICA England & Wales) 英格兰及韦尔斯特许会计师公会Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (ICSA) 特许秘书及行政人员公会Institute of Securities Dealers Limited证券商协会有限公司Insurance Association of Hong Kong香港保险公会Insurance Authority (Commissioner of Insurance)保险业监督（保险业监理专员）Inter-American Development Bank美洲开发银行Intermarket Clearing Corporation (Chicago)跨市场结算公司（芝加哥）Intermarket Coordination Committee跨市场协调委员会Intermarket Risk Management Committee跨市场风险管理委员会InterMarket Surveillance Group跨市场监察小组Intermediaries and Investment Products Division (SFC)中介团体及投资产品部（证监会）Internal Committees (SFC)内部委员会（证监会）International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC)国际会计准则委员会International Association of Financial Executives Institute 国际财经行政人员机构协会International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS)国际保险监督联会International Auditing Conventional Committee国际核数常规委员会International Auditing Practices Committee国际审计实务委员会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (World Bank)国际复兴开发银行（世界银行）International Commodities Clearing House (HK) Limited国际商品结算所（香港）有限公司International Commodities Clearing House Limited (New Zealand)国际商品结算所有限公司（新西兰）International Data Corporation (IDC)国际数据公司International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)国际会计师联会International Finance Corporation (IFC)国际金融公司International Monetary Fund (IMF)国际货币基金；国际货币基金组织International Options Markets Association国际期权市场协会International Organization for Standardization (ISO)国际标准化组织International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO)国际证券事务监察委员会组织（国际证监会组织）International Primary Markets Association国际集资市场协会International Securities Services Association (ISSA, formerly International Society of Securities Administrators)国际证券服务协会（前称国际证券业行政人员协会）International Society of Securities Administrators (ISSA, renamed International Securities Services Association)国际证券业行政人员协会（现称国际证券服务协会）International Swap Dealers Association, Inc. (ISDA)国际掉期交易商协会International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA)国际掉期业务及衍生投资工具协会International Telecommunications Union (ITU)国际电信联盟Invest Hong Kong (Invest HK), The Government of the HKSAR香港特别行政区政府投资推广署（投资推广署）Investment Management Regulatory Organisation (IMRO), UK英国投资管理监管组织Investment-linked Assurance and Pooled Retirement Funds Committee (SFC) 与投资有关的人寿保险及集资退休金计划委员会（证监会）Investor Compensation Company Limited (ICC)投资者赔偿有限公司Investor Education & Communications Department (SFC)投资者教育及传讯科（证监会）Investor Education Advisory Committee (SFC)投资者教育咨询委员会（证监会）Investor Resources Centre (eIRC) (SFC)证监会网上投资者资源中心IOSCO Emerging Markets Committee国际证监会组织新兴市场委员会IOSCO Executive Committee国际证监会组织执行委员会IOSCO High Level Group国际证监会组织高层小组IOSCO Information sub-group国际证监会组织信息分组IOSCO Internet Task Force (ITF)国际证监会组织互联网专责小组IOSCO Task Force on Implementation of Core Principles国际证监会组织落实核心原则专责小组IOSCO Technical Committee国际证监会组织技术委员会IOSCO Working Party 1 on Multinational Disclosure and Accounting国际证监会组织有关跨国信息披露及会计事宜的第1号工作小组IOSCO Working Party 2 on Regulation of Secondary Markets国际证监会组织有关监管第二市场的第2号工作小组IOSCO Working Party 3 on Market Intermediaries国际证监会组织有关监管市场中介人的第3号工作小组IOSCO Working Party 4 on Enforcement and Exchange of Information国际证监会组织有关法规执行和信息交换的第4号工作小组IOSCO Working Party 5 on Investment Management国际证监会组织有关投资管理的第5号工作小组Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority爱尔兰金融服务监管局ISITC (Industry Standardization for Institutional Trade Communication)业内机构交易通讯标准ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际标准化组织ISSA (International Securities Services Association, formerly International Society of Securities Administrators)国际证券服务协会（前称国际证券业行政人员协会）Italian Stock Exchange意大利证券交易所ITU (International Telecommunications Union)国际电信联盟IX国际交易所（伦敦证券交易所与德国证券交易所联盟）JJakarta Stock Exchange耶加达证券交易所Japan Bond Research Institute (JBRI)日本公社债研究所Japan Financial Services Agency日本金融厅Japan Securities Clearing Corporation日本证券结算公司Japan Securities Dealers Association (JSDA)日本证券交易商协会Japanese Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (JASDAQ) 日本证券交易商协会－自动报价系统Japanese Securities Finance Company日本证券金融公司Jersey Financial Services Commission泽西岛金融服务监察委员会Joint Financial Intelligence Unit联合财富情报组Joint Year 2000 Council计算机 2000 年问题联合委员会KKam Ngan Stock Exchange金银证券交易所Korea Futures Exchange韩国期货交易所Korea Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (KOSDAQ)韩国证券交易商自动报价协会Korea Securities Depository南韩证券存管处；韩国证券预托院Korea Stock Exchange韩国证券交易所Kowloon Stock Exchange九龙证券交易所Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange吉隆坡证券交易所LLa Commission Bancaire, France法国银行监察委员会Law Society of Hong Kong香港律师会Law Society of Hong Kong CPD Accreditation Sub-Committee香港律师会持续专业发展评审附属委员会Legal Services Division (SFC)法律服务部（证监会）Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council (China)国务院法制办公室（中国）Legislative Council立法会Legislative Council Panel on Financial Affairs (Legco Panel on Financial Affairs) 立法会财经事务委员会Legislative Council Subcommittee on the Securities and Futures Bill立法会《证券及期货条例草案》小组委员会Leveraged Foreign Exchange Trading Ordinance Arbitration Panel (SFC)杠杆式外汇买卖条例仲裁委员会（证监会）Life Insurance Council of Hong Kong香港寿险总会Life Underwriters Association of Hong Kong香港人寿保险从业员协会LIFFE Administration and Management伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所行政及管理公司Listing Appeal Committee上市上诉委员会Listing Committee上市委员会Listing Matters Committee上市事宜委员会Listing Nominating Committee上市提名委员会Listing, Regulation & Risk Management (HKEx)上市、监察及风险管理部（香港交易所）Lithuanian Securities Commission立陶宛证券监察委员会Lloyd's Underwriters Association劳合保险社承保人协会London Takeovers Panel伦敦收购及合并委员会London Clearing House伦敦结算所London Commodity Exchange伦敦商品交易所London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE, formerly London International Financial Futures Exchange)伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所（前称伦敦国际金融期货交易所）London International Financial Futures Exchange (renamed London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange)伦敦国际金融期货交易所（现称伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所）London Metal Exchange Limited伦敦金属交易所有限公司London Stock Exchange plc (LSE)伦敦证券交易所公众有限公司London Traded Options Market伦敦期权市场Luxembourg Monetary Institute卢森堡金融管理局Luxembourg Stock Exchange卢森堡证券交易所。

中国常用主要机构名称英文翻译

中国常用主要机构名称英文翻译中国常用主要机构名称中共中央委员会Central Committee of Communist Party of China党中央the Chinese Central Party, Central Committee (CCPCC) 中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)全国人大常务委员会Standing Committee of NPC中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)国务院State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and T echnology公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railways信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry交通部Ministry of Communications水利部Ministry ofWater Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and EconomicCooperation (Moftec) 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Health国家发展计划委员会State Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council中央军委Central Military Commission of the PRC最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate海关总署General Administration of Customs中华全国总工会All-China Federation of Trade Unions中华全国妇女联合会All-ChinaWomen’s Federation中国共产主义青年团Communist Y outh League of China中华全国工商联All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China中国残疾人福利基金会ChinaWelfare Foundation for the Disabled中国人民对外友好协会Chinese Peop le’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries中华归国华侨联合会China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese中国国际贸易促进委员会China Council for the Promotion of International Trade中国外商投资企业协会The Association of Chinese Enterpriseswith Foreign Investment中国科学技术协会China Association for Science andTechnology中国翻译工作者协会Translators’Association of China海峡两岸关系协会Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (Arat)海峡交流基金会Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF)对外贸易仲裁委员会Foreign TradeArbitration Commission (FTAC)中国国际贸易中心China International Trade Center中国国际信托投资公司China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC) 中国成套设备出口公司China National Complete Plant Export Corporation中国对外贸易运输公司China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation中国工艺品进出口公司China National Arts and Crafts Import and Export Corporation。

中国钱币历史中英互译

Ancient currenciesMain article: Ancient Chinese coinageCowry shells are definitely believed to be the earliest form of currency used in Central China, about 3000 to 4500 years ago. In the Chinese writing system, the traditional characters for 'goods' (貨), 'buy/sell' (買/賣), and 'monger' (販), in addition to various other words relating to 'exchange', all contain the radical '貝', which is the pictograph for shell. (Simplification changed 貝 to 贝.) However, the extent of the circulation of shells as currency is still unknown, and barter trade was supposed to dominate in the market. But copies of these shells made out of bone, wood, stone, lead and copper are common enough to suppose a trade system in them was used.原始社会贝币被确信是中国中部最早的货币形式，它出现在大约3000 -4500年前。

汉字中，“货”、“买/卖”，以及“贩”字，以及其他许多描述与“交换”有关行为的汉字，都以“贝”作为部首。

证券英文词汇

ABS 资产担保证券（Asset Backed Securities的英文缩写）Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Acceptor 承兑人；受票人；接受人Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据Accounts payable 应付帐款Accounts receivable 应收帐款Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。

Accredit value 自然增长值Accrediting 本金增值适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具（如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权）的期限内连续增长。

Accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制Accrued interest 应计利息ACE 美国商品交易所Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率Acquisition 收购Across the board 全面一致；全盘的Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋Active assets 活动资产；有收益资产Active capital 活动资本Actual market 现货市场Actual price 现货价Actual useful life 实际可用年期Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家ADB 亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank的英文缩写)ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见American DepositoryReceipt栏目）ADS 美国存托股份(American Depository Share的英文缩写)Ad valorem 从价；按值Ad valorem stamp duty 从价印花税Adjudicator 审裁员Adjustable rate mortgage调息按揭(ARM)Admitted value 认可值Advance 垫款Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司After date 发票后，出票后After-hours dealing 收市后交易After-market 后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。

中国书法介绍(英文版)Calligraphy Introduction

CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under onesystem. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin(265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting ormeandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is notdry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。

国内出版社英文名称小汇

国内出版社英文名称小汇国内出版社英文名称小汇学术论文中，文献参考出处信息一直是让大家头痛的部分，今儿小编特地为学生党们整理出来一些出版社的中英文对照，供大家参考！综合社科类出版社：中央编译出版社：Central Compilation & Translation Press (简称：CCTP)人民出版社：People’s Publishing House商务印书馆：The Commercial Press作家出版社：The Writers Publishing House人民文学出版社：People’s Literature Publishing House译林出版社：Yilin Press中华书局：Zhonghua Book Company中国社会科学院社会科学文献出版社：Social Sciences Academic Press (China) （简称：SSAP）生活·读书·新知三联书店：SDX Joint Publishing Company安徽人民出版社：Anhui People’s Publishing House中国青年出版社：China Youth Publishing Group科学技术类出版社科学技术类出版社：科学出版社：Science Press机械工业出版社：China Machine Press电子工业出版社：Publishing House of Electronics Industry化学工业出版社：Chemical Industry Press中国建筑工业出版社：China Architecture & Building Press 【CABP】人民邮电出版社：Posts & Telecom Press中国水利水电出版社：China Water & Power Press中国电力出版社：China Electric PowerPress 【CEPP】经济类出版社：中国金融出版社：China Financial Publishing House中国财政经济出版社：Chinese Financial & Economic Publishing House中国经济出版社：Economic Press · China 法律类出版社：法律出版社：Law Press · China中国法制出版社：China Legal Publishing House中国政法大学出版社：China University of Political Science and Law Press人民法院出版社：People’s Court Press学术、教育类出版社：清华大学出版社：Tsinghua University Press中国人民大学出版社：China Renmin University Press北京大学出版社：Peking University Press 高等教育出版社：Higher Education Press人民教育出版社：People’s Education Press 中央编译局翻译服务部学习| 交流| 分享| 点赞。

中国文化着作翻译出版工程资助申请

“中国文化著作翻译出版工程”资助申请CMI Fund Application Form项目名称Name of Project_____________________________________________________________________项目申请单位Project Applicant_____________________________________________________________________中国出版机构Chinese Publishing Institution_____________________________________________________________________ 境外出版机构Overseas Publishing Institution_____________________________________________________________________ 申请单位联系人Contact Person of Applicant_____________________________________________________________________ 有效联系方式Effective Contact Method_____________________________________________________________________CMI Fund Application FormNotes:1.Applying for Party A funding has to be made in the year the copyright transfer contract is signed with the Chinese side;2.The project applicant must be a publisher legally registered in the Chinese mainland;3.The publishing institution must be a publisher legally registered in a foreign country at least five years earlier;4.The applied project must be published works of a Chinese press. In the case when the copyright holder is the author himself, copyright transfer contract signed by the author himself is required alongside the copyright transfer contract signed by both the Chinese and foreign parties;5.Fund application must be filed only when the text to be published as a cooperative project has been completed and both parties have signed a co-publishing contract;6.Project applications must be accompanied by duplicate copies of the qualification certificate of the foreign publisher, a duplicated copy of the copyright transfer contract, and a recommendation letter affixed with the signature of academic expert.7.A copy of the book in Chinese is required;8.Projects not to be accepted:1) Project with first impression of less than 1,000 copies;2) Project published according to need;3) Project which has obtained other funding or project which applied for funding from “Two Projects” but has failed.9.A translated version of the above documents is required if they are not original in Chinese or English;10. Application materials will not be returned.。

(完整word版)中国书法介绍(英文版)CalligraphyIntroduction

CalligraphyCalligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in equalimportance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to itsdevelopment by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary worksand by organizing competitions among youngsters and people fromvarious walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often makes afeature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture.ClassificationChinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the regularscript (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand (cao).1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing afterthe oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great inconveniencebecause they lacked uniformity and many characters were written invariant forms. The first effort for the unification of writing, it is said, tookplace during the reign of King Xuan (827-782 B. C.) of the Western ZhouDynasty, when his taishi (grand historian) Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of15 chapters, standardizing Chinese writing under script called zhuan. It isalso known as zhouwen after the name of the author. This script, oftenused in seals, is translated into English as the seal character, or as the"curly script" after the shape of its strokes.Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central government, he ordered his Prime Minister Li Si to collect and sort out all the different systems of writing hitherto prevalent in different parts of the country in a great effort to unify the written language under onesystem. What Li did, in effect, was to simplify the ancient zhuan (small seal) script.Today we have a most valuable relic of this ancient writing in the creator Li Si's own hand engraved on a stele standing in the Temple to the God of Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. The2,200-year-old stele, worn by age and weather, has only nine and a half characters left on it.2) The lishu (official script) came in the wake of the xiaozhuan in the same short-lived Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 B. C.). This was because the xiaozhuan, though a simplified form of script, was still too complicated for the scribes in the various government offices who had to copy an increasing amount of documents. Cheng Miao, a prison warden, made a further simplification of the xiaozhuan, changing the curly strokes into straight and angular ones and thus making writing much easier. A further step away from the pictographs, it was named lishu because li in classical Chinese meant "clerk" or "scribe". Another version says that Cheng Miao, because of certain offence, became a prisoner and slave himself; as the ancients also called bound slaves "li", so the script was named lishu or the "script of a slave".3) The lishu was already very close to, and led to the adoption of, kaishu, regular script. The oldest existing example of this dates from the Wei (220-265), and the script developed under the Jin(265-420). The standard writing today is square in form, non-cursive and architectural in style. The characters are composed of a number of strokes out of a total of eight kinds-the dot, the horizontal, the vertical, the hook, the rising, the left-falling (short and long) and the right-falling strokes. Any aspirant for the status of calligrapher must start by learning to write a good hand in kaishu.4) On the basis of lishu also evolved caoshu (grass writing or cursive hand), which is rapid and used for making quick but rough copies. This style is subdivided into two schools: zhangcao and jincao.The first of these emerged at the time the Qin was replaced by the Han Dynasty between the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. The characters, though written rapidly, still stand separate one from another and the dots are not linked up with other strokes.Jincao or the modern cursive hand is said to have been developed by Zhang Zhi (?-c. 192 A. D.) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in the Jin and Tang dynasties and is still widely popular today.It is the essence of the caoshu, especially jincao, that the characters are executed swiftly with the strokes running together. The characters are often joined up, with the last stroke of the first merging into the initial stroke of the next. They also vary in size in the same piece of writing, all seemingly dictated by the whims of the writer.A great master at caoshu was Zhang Xu (early 8th century) of the Tang Dynasty, noted for the complete abandon with which he applied the brush. It is said that he would not set about writing until he had got drunk. This he did, allowing the brush to "gallop" across the paper, curling, twisting ormeandering in one unbroken stroke, thus creating an original style. Today one may still see fragments of a stele carved with characters in his handwriting, kept in the Provincial Museum of Shaanxi.The best example and model for xingshu, all Chinese calligraphers will agree, is the Inscription on Lanting Pavilion in the hand of Wang Xizhi (321-379) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. To learn to write a nice hand in Chinese calligraphy, assiduous and persevering practice is necessary. This has been borne out by the many great masters China has produced. Wang Xizhi, the great artist just mentioned, who has exerted a profound influence on, and has been held in high esteem by, calligraphers and scholars throughout history, is said to have blackened in his childhood all the water of a pond in front of his house by washing the writing implements in it after his daily exercises. Another master, Monk Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty (581-618) was so industrious in learning calligraphy that he filled many jars with worn-out writing brushes, which he buried in a "tomb of brushes".Renewed interest in brush-writing has been kindled today among the pupils in China, some of whom already show promises as worthy successors to the ancient masters.Four Treasures of the StudyTo produce Chinese characters one will need a brush, paper, inkstick and ink stone, commonly referred to as the "Four Treasures ofthe Study". To learn calligraphy, it is necessary to learn about thesetools.While brushes are varied, white-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. On the basis of function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and both. Brush handles are usually made of bamboo, wood, lacquer or porcelain; ivory or jade handles are rare and precious.The ink stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink stick ishui mo(Anhui ink stick), made of pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink stick, which must be balanced in the hand during the grinding or rubbing process. Press hard and rub lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab until a thick, liquid-ink forms.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220). While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in the Jing Prefecture of Xuanzhou (today's Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and mothproof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.Ink stones or ink slabs have been classified into three categories:Duan,SheandTao. Features common to all three ink slabs are the stone's hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is notdry or slippery. Using a hard, smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink stick against the stone.By controlling the flexibility of the brush, the concentration of the ink and the absorbency of the paper, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.Calligraphy: Leader of All Art FormsFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has maintained a close rapport with the country's cultural development.Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them." Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, calligraphy is a reflection of a person's emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life. Chinese characters, which convey ideas, are regarded as the most abstract and sublime art form.Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Exotic calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value.Calligraphy manifests the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. Closely associated with paintings -- the two leaders of Chinese art forms -- calligraphy takes precedence over painting since it greatly inspired the art of painting. Moreover, calligraphy has influenced other typically Chinese art forms like classical poetry, seal-cutting, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.Calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and body. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise for physical and spiritual well-being. Historically, many calligraphic artists lived to a ripe, old age.An Art of the OrientChinese calligraphy is an Oriental art. Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.Calligraphy is even wildly accepted by the West; as once Picasso said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter." Many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern western art.。

文交所

投资邮票钱币电子盘
高风险高收益
表现为三个方面

收购“深度打折票” “博大小”买邮票电子盘 “打新股”难中签散户难获利
收购“深度打折票”

股民热捧：收藏投资邮票10多年的严先生最近一直对实物市场和电子盘“两手抓”：“现在全国有那么多交易所，市场的钱不是进了股市就是进了文交所，从股票赚到的钱也会到文交所去，而传统的邮票交易网成交越来越少，市场都是炒电子盘，何况进电子盘的都赚钱了，而且赚的是快钱。” 尽管在文交所价格曾冲高到6万元以上的虎大版最近价格出现回调，但是并没有影响市场的信心，自3月19日起，又有一批十几个品种的邮票在多个文交所进行申购，上海文交所甚至把买家交易费的免费期限延长了3个月左右。事实上：邮票实物市场的情况并不看好，2014年的邮票已不乏价格“腰斩”者，比如2014年发行的诸葛亮邮票，发行量为 1000万左右，面值为2.4元，目前市场价格为1.2~1.3元。另一方面，羊年春节却因机构订制者剧减而波澜不兴，市场售价也比以往有所降低。
整改后文交所的“回归”

2013年，曾经风光一时的文交所几乎脱离了公众关注的视野。随着各地文交所的清理整顿结束，几家综合型产权交易所利用自身的优势，借助电商平台，纷纷回归市场推出了新的交易模式。有业内人士预测，到目前为止，成功验收的文交所已达30余家，随着各大文交所创新交易模式的兴起，一度淡出公众视野的文交所在2014年迎来了一波“回归”高潮，并重新得到投资人士的青睐。
网易财经

产品特色：南京文交所最引人注目的是邮资封片、部分邮票，以及部分金银币的炒作。邮资封片本是收藏界的小众产品，但该交易所目前上市的邮资封片数量已多达40种，电子盘交易价格从几十元至数万元一枚不等，其总市值占据南京文交所总市值的三分之一。其他品种还有34种邮票，8种电话卡和33种钱币。优、劣势：“投机”是把双刃剑。南京文交所目前热度第一，很大程度上归功于邮资封片的高溢价炒作带来的市场人气，这也使得打新市场十分活跃，新品上市收益颇高，两者互为循环。成立之初，南京文交所仅设臵综合指数一项指数，各分类指数均是后来逐步设立，即是为分离出市值最大的邮资封片指数对综合指数的影响，以便更好的观察其他品种的交易表现。而其余品种，尤其是钱币与封片和邮票相比，活跃度相去甚远。 “投机”虽然炒热了市场，但也只是局部行情，并不是每一种交易品种都能有高成交、高活跃的表现，不能被邮资封片“一叶障目”。

中国早期中英文地名对照及邮戳展示：总结计划汇报设计可编辑

中国早期邮戳英文地名及邮戳类型中国邮戳类型纷繁复杂，张恺升先生巨著《中国邮戳史》收罗殆尽，不再详述。

许多收集中国早期邮戳的集邮爱好者苦于无法辨识邮戳上的英文地名，旧版《中華郵政輿圖》中附有中英文地名索引，但该书价值昂贵，市价在五千上下，许多集邮爱好者望尘莫及。

笔者将所见早期邮戳中的英文地名按照顺序编排，并将所出现的邮戳类型附后，方便集邮爱好者查阅使用。

整理过程中，这些英文译名背后的故事也使人回味无穷。

有些英文地名能“望文生意”，如PEIKING（北京）、SHANGHAI（上海）等，容易辨识。

有些地名是当地人方言的音译，如AMOY（厦门），外地人绞尽脑汁可能都无法猜到，说成“澳门”到有几分同音。

有些英文地名与汉语读音无关，而是采用当地风物命名。

如拱北旁边有山名曰日拉巴（LAPPA），时人以山为名翻译，作为拱北的代称。

有些英文译名与城市古名有关。

如烟台古称“芝罘”，所以其英译CHEFOO就作为烟台的英文译名了。

特别复杂的是一些城市的双重或多重译名。

如“成都”有两种译法，CHENTU见于中英文日戳、干支英中文日戳，CHENGTU见于中英文日戳、干支英中文日戳、点线中英日戳、洪宪元年横框日戳，只相差一个字母，读音基本相同。

而济南的英文译名CHINAN见于英中文椭圆日戳、中英文日戳，TSINAN大圆日戳、中英文日戳、干支英中文日戳、点线中英日戳，两种译法完全不同，令人费解。

最复杂的是古城沈阳（奉天）的两种译法，FENGTIEN见于干支英中文日戳，SHENYANG 点线中英日戳、与汉语读法基本相同，比较好理解。

而该城市另一译法MOUKDEN“奉天”见于中英文日戳、干支中英文日戳，“沈阳”见于实线英中日戳、为什么如此译法？而“沈阳”的一种译法也标注为MOUKDEN。

为何出现这种“一女二嫁”的局面？原来，1634年沈阳更名为盛京（满语称为“谋克敦”意为兴盛），MOUKDEN就是“盛京”的意思。

在干支英中文邮戳中，有些英文地名的右边还出现了英文省名缩写，如SHA为山西（S HANSI）、KI为江西（KIANGSI）、CHI为直隶（CHIHLI）、HO为河南（HONAN），需要仔细辨别。

南京文交所简介及开户流程

洱、武夷山的大红袍、景德镇的陶瓷、宜兴的紫砂） 6、天珠钻石交易平台 7、各类著作权交易平台 8、平台艺术品衍生品交易平台（铜陵铜艺术品案例） 9、原创音乐交易平台 10、各类文化园区融资交易平台
2019年关键词：创新
创新已深入到南京文交所每一个细胞 1、商业模式；2、产品研发；3、技术开发；4、市场拓展等创新的结果： 2019年南京文交所在市场影响力、行业知名度、日交易量排名全国文交所第一。 2019年南京文交所和法国皮诺家族向中国政府捐赠圆明园鼠首与兔首一同被评为”2019年中国10大收藏事件“之一。
文交平台：受众群体大，1997年邮票藏友2000万， 2013年统计人数：0.86亿
钱币邮票证券化交易模式的优势
一、圈内和圈外的投资者都可以投资二、上市交易的钱币邮票是一种有着文化属性的收藏品三、跟股票、期货、黄金现货、农产品现货相比较
实物交易，稳步增值，投资风险极小相对安全，门槛低适合普通大众投资者进入收藏品投资
钱币邮票会展中心
钱币邮票交易中心发展介绍
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王发强市场部经理
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a、画展、拍卖、艺术家私人出售Biblioteka a、组合资产挂牌上市公开交易
b、不保真
b、保真
c、手续费高10%--15%
c、手续费低0.3%
d、价格无依据
d、专家委员会审定、公开透明
e、无保底收益
e、委托挂牌交易有保底收益，

文交所的发展历程

目录文交所——遭遇危机............................................................................................. 文交所——规避份额化交易................................................................................... 文交所——建立平台探索合作模式、开拓新领域 ..................................................... 文交所——再度回归............................................................................................. 文交所——重新崛起............................................................................................. 文交所——近期发展及概述...................................................................................文交所的发展历程文交所——遭遇危机由于文交所在国内属于新兴平台，国内缺少对应的管理机构，开办后马上引起投资人士的注意，导致大量热钱在文交所开办初期流入文交所市场，使文交所呈现鱼龙混杂的局面。

为了对文交所实现有效管理，2011年11月24日，国务院正式发布《国务院关于清理整顿各类交易场所切实防范金融风险的决定》(简称“38号令”)旨在清理整顿包括文交所在内的各类交易场所、切实防范金融风险。

2011年12月30日，由中宣部等五部门再次联手出台《关于贯彻落实国务院决定加强文化产权交易和艺术品交易管理的意见》(简称“49号令”)，并明确提出不得将任何权益拆分为均等份额公开发行，不得采取集中竞价、做市商等集中交易方式进行交易，不得将权益按照标准化交易单位持续挂牌交易，任何投资者买入后卖出或卖出后买入同一交易品种的时间间隔不得少于5个交易日等等。

金融英语之银行业务辅导：摩根士丹利(中英对照)N

金融英语之银行业务辅导：摩根士丹利（中英对照）NNNagoya Stock Exchange 名古屋证券交易所NAPS 国家自动支付系统（中国）NASDAQ 纳斯达克（全国证券交易商自动传报协会）National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations 全国证券交易商自动报价协会（美国）National Automated Payment System 国家自动支付系统（中国）Natural resources 自然资源NAV 资产净值NBIC 指纳米科技、生物、信息和认知科学，是英文Nanotechnology，Biotechnology，Information Technology and Cognitive Science的简称。

Net asset value 资产净值Net book value 帐面净值Net income 净收入Net present value 净现值；净现时价值一种根据今天的资本成本折现未来现金流所得出的现时价值，评估未来付款之价值的方法。

Netting agreement 净额结算协议/协定[信用市场]订立净额结算协议是旨在减少需要对客户/交易对手的信用额度进行不断复核的次数，把可用信用额度最大化并加快交易流程。

New York Cotton Exchange，Inc. 纽约棉花交易所有限公司New York Futures Exchange 纽约期货交易所New York Mercantile Exchange 纽约商品交易所New York Produce Exchange 纽约农产品交易所New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所No-load fund 免佣基金Nominal 表面；名义上Non-callable 不可赎回Non-deliverable 不交收Non-farm payroll data 非农业人员收入数据Non-operating income 非经营收入Non-performing asset 不良资产Non-performing Loans 不良贷款；逾放款；到期未能偿还贷款Notes receivable 应收票据Notional size 票面规模NPLs 不良贷款；逾放款；到期未能偿还贷款。

京剧行业资料简介英文

京剧行业资料简介英文Introduction to Beijing Opera IndustryBeijing Opera, also known as Peking Opera, is a traditional form of Chinese theatre that originated in Beijing during the late 18th century. It encompasses singing, dancing, acrobatics, and martial arts, making it a comprehensive art form that has captured the hearts of millions worldwide.1. Historical BackgroundThe roots of Beijing Opera can be traced back to four distinct regional performance styles: Anhui, Hubei, Henan, and Shaanxi. These four styles merged together in the 18th century to form what is now recognized as Beijing Opera. With its establishment as the official court entertainment during the Qing Dynasty, Beijing Opera gained widespread popularity.2. Influences and CharacteristicsBeijing Opera incorporates elements of several art forms. Its music draws from traditional Chinese operatic tunes, while its movements are influenced by martial arts and acrobatics. The performers utilize exaggerated gestures and facial expressions to convey emotions and tell stories. The intricate costumes and stunning makeup, known as "jing," are an iconic feature of Beijing Opera.3. Performance ElementsThere are four main components of a Beijing Opera performance: singing, dialogue, acting, and acrobatics. Singing, accompanied by traditional Chinese instruments, contributes to the storytelling and expressesthe characters' emotions. Dialogue is often delivered in a rhythmic and stylized manner, serving to enhance the dramatic effect. The actors employ specific techniques in their acting to portray the personalities and characteristics of their respective roles. Additionally, acrobatics are incorporated to showcase the performers' agility and skill.4. Famous Roles and StoriesBeijing Opera has a rich repertoire of famous characters and stories, many of which have been performed for centuries. Some well-known roles include Sheng (male role), Dan (female role), Jing (painted-face role), and Chou (clown role). Each role has specific characteristics and symbolism. Popular stories often depict Chinese historical events, legends, or classical literary works, showcasing the traditions, virtues, and cultural heritage of China.5. Challenges and Preservation EffortsIn recent years, Beijing Opera has faced challenges in attracting younger audiences who are more interested in modern forms of entertainment. Additionally, the difficulty of learning the art form and the declining number of skilled performers pose challenges for its preservation. Efforts are being made to promote Beijing Opera through adaptations, modernizations, and educational programs, aiming to bring this traditional art to a broader audience.6. International RecognitionDespite its roots in Chinese culture, Beijing Opera has gained international recognition. It has been performed in numerous countriesworldwide, showcasing Chinese heritage and promoting cultural exchange. Additionally, Beijing Opera has been listed as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, further highlighting its significance and unique artistic value.ConclusionBeijing Opera holds a significant place in Chinese cultural history. Its blend of singing, acting, dancing, and acrobatics creates a mesmerizing spectacle that continues to captivate audiences around the world. By understanding its historical background, unique characteristics, and current challenges, we can appreciate the importance of preserving and promoting this traditional art form for generations to come.。

中国国际文化艺术品产权交易所介绍

中国国际文化艺术品产权交易所介绍【成立背景】为贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于大力发展和弘扬中华民族文化艺术产业，走文化复兴振兴中华文化事业，加快现代金融与文化艺术服务业发展，将中华文化艺术作品推上世界文化产业的大舞台，人世界各国人民更深入了解中国的历史、文化及艺术的博大精深，由中国国际文化艺术发展基金会、中华海外华人商社、中华远古文化交流中心、中华考古研究院、英国ABAP国际投资控股集团、中国大众小康发展中心、香港智诚集团及部分自然人共同出资，经中华人民共和国香港特别行政区政府批准发起设立中国国际文化艺术交易所，并于2008年10月16日在注册成立于香港。

作为中国对外最大2014年10月改组变更为中国国际文化艺术品产权交易所，正式面对全球市场进行推广交易中国当代书画家、雕硕家、摄影家作品及民间艺术品，回购中国流失在国外的远古文化艺术品，鉴定、拍卖各国各类艺术品、奇石、珠宝玉器。

【近年贡献】2009年春季耗资2.2亿港元回购流失海外艺术品112件；2010年参与中华残疾儿童文化教育发展慈善义拍活动交易所共捐赠义拍款180万元人民币；2011年与中国大众小康发展中心、中国人民解放军书画院成功的在上海、南宁、香港举办了百名将军书画展，并拍下564幅具有不同时期代表性的作品；2012年在北京、香港、新加坡、台湾、澳门、昆明、沈阳成功举行了9场书画展及慈善义拍活动，得到了社会各界的认可与好评；2013年至2014年8月与中华海外商社、华人报、中英发展基金会、罗马华人商会、英国华人总工会、法国马赛艺术基金交易中心联合先后在英国、法国、瑞士、德国、意大利的11个城市成功举办了33场中国当代文化艺术品展览与拍卖交易达到6.26亿欧元，耗资1.45亿欧元拍下欧洲18世纪艺术作品及古埃及远古作品176件。

2014年10月经股东大会商议重新改组并更名为：中国国际文化艺术品产权交易所，为2015年全面进入内地市场做好准备。

京剧行业资料介绍英文翻译

京剧行业资料介绍英文翻译Introduction to Beijing Industries: English Translation of Industry InformationBeijing, the capital city of China, is not only a political and cultural center but also a significant hub for various industries. This document provides an overview of someof the major industries in Beijing and their economic contributions.Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industryThe ICT industry in Beijing has experienced remarkable growth over the years. It encompasses the development and production of hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment. Many multinational and domestic companies, such as Lenovo, Huawei, and Tencent, have established their headquarters or research centers in Beijing. These organizations drive technological innovation, foster entrepreneurship, and contribute to the economic development of the city.Financial Services industryAs one of the leading financial centers in China, Beijing plays a vital role in the country's financial services industry. The city houses numerous commercial banks, insurance companies, investment firms, and other financial institutions. Additionally, Beijing is the headquarters of the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank. With its welldeveloped financial infrastructure, Beijing provides a wide range of financial services to both domestic and international clients.Tourism industryBeijing is a highly popular tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors every year. The city's rich historical and cultural heritage, including iconic attractions such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and the Temple of Heaven, make it a mustvisit location. The tourism industry in Beijing encompasses accommodation, transportation, entertainment, and shopping. Hotels, travel agencies, and cultural establishments flourish, catering to the needs of both domestic and international tourists.Education industryBeijing is renowned for its worldclass educational institutions. It houses some of China's most prestigious universities and research centers, including Peking University and Tsinghua University. These institutions provide a wide range of academic programs in various disciplines, attracting students from around the world. Moreover, Beijing's thriving education industry includes vocational training centers, language schools, and education technology startups.Manufacturing industryBeijing's manufacturing industry focuses on hightech and strategic industries, such as aerospace, electronics, and automobile manufacturing. The city is home to numerous manufacturing companies, including BOE Technology Group, one of the world's largest manufacturers of semiconductor display panels. Beijing's manufacturing sector benefits from the availability of skilled labor, advanced infrastructure, and technological innovation.ConclusionBeijing's diverse and thriving industries contribute significantly to the city's economic growth and development. The ICT, financial services, tourism, education, and manufacturing sectors all play a crucial role in creating employment opportunities, fostering innovation, and attracting investments. As Beijing continues to evolve as a global city, the industries within it will continue to flourish, driving economic prosperity for the city and the nation as a whole.Note: This document is a translation of the industry information on Beijing and does not include any images, web links, contact information, or specific references.。