英文小常识

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英文小常识

英文小常识

英文小常识一、美国常用俚语和词组American English Slang Words & Phrases1.What's up? /How are you doing? / What's new?怎么回事?你在干什么?有什么新鲜事?Eg. Hey Tom! What's up? 嗨,汤姆!最近怎么样?2.Have a crush /Attracted to someone romantically暗恋/被某人吸引Eg. I have a big crush on him. 我被他深深吸引了。

3.Screw up /To make a mistake.搞砸了/犯了错Eg. Sorry I screwed up and forgot our plans. 抱歉我搞砸了,我完全忘记我们原定的计划4.Wrap it up/To finish something. 结束、收尾、下班/去完成某件事Eg. Let's wrap it up in five minutes. 让我们在5分钟内完成它吧!二、好用的成语Useful Idioms◆Something FishyWhen someone talks about"something fishy" going on, it means there's something not quite right or they have a bad feeling about it.当有人说这里「有点鱼腥味」意思是指有些不对劲的地方或是他们有种不祥的预感For example:Susan went out with this guy and thought there was something fishy about him. She found out later he already had a girlfriend!苏珊与这男生约会的时候,总觉得有点怪怪的。

英语小常识

英语小常识

英语小常识1、狮子(Lion)在西方童话故事中,狮子被尊为百兽之王。

狮子的形象是勇敢、有气势、威严的,因此,在引申到人时,也是如此。

Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language.如此解释:a person felt to be lke a lion especially in courage,ferocity,dignity or dominance(一个像是狮子的人,特别是指勇气、凶猛、威严或权势方面)。

Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary的解释是:a person or a country that is considered to be strong and powerful,and which other people respect or fear (被认为是强大有力、人们尊敬或害怕的人或国家)。

英国国王理查一世(King Richard I)由于勇敢过人,因此被称作the Lion-Heart。

英国人以狮子作为自己国家的象征。

The British Lion就是指英国。

A literary lion意思是文学界的名人。

动词lionize的意思是把某人捧为名人。

从这些例子可以看出lion在英语中的积极意义。

狮子在汉语中却没这样丰富的内涵,这可能是因为狮子在我国不是人们熟悉的动物,因此不易产生各种联想。

而相当于狮子地位的动物在我国则是老虎。

虎是我们比较熟悉的动物,在华南有华南虎,在东北有东北虎,其他地方还有别的种类。

在民间传说中有武松打虎,在京剧中有《猎虎记》,与虎相联系的其他故事还不少。

在中国人的心目中老虎是百兽之王,它勇敢、凶猛、威严。

许多成语都和虎连在一起,表达这方面的意思,例如:虎视眈眈、放虎归山、谈虎色变、如虎添翼、藏龙卧虎、龙争虎斗等等。

非常有用的150个生活小常识(国外英文资料)

非常有用的150个生活小常识(国外英文资料)

非常有用的150个生活小常识(国外英文资料)Very useful150life tips.Believe that everyone can be usefulIn autumn and winter,the hands and feet are prone to crack, but you can wash your hands and feet with hot water for about10minutes,for a week,the skin will be smooth and smooth.Use plastic bag to keep fresh chives:put the Chinese leek in a plastic bag in a cool place,but it can be kept for about three or four days,and it can be kept fresh inwinter for a week.In winter,the weather is dry and cold,the hands and feet are prone to crack,and if you put some toothpaste on the cleft,you can stop the pain and make the tear heal quickly.It is difficult to clean the oil box on the lampblack machine,but in a clean oil case,you can put water in it, let the oil drip on the water,and then pour it all out.5,chemical fiber material is the quilt of bedding,quiltis not suitable to be exposed in the sun,can cover a layer of cloth in the quilt,prevent the direct sunlight.The white sweater is worn over long time gradually black, the sweater is cleaned and put in the freezer for one hour, take out air dry,can be white as new.The grease of the milk of milk in winter will coagulate onthe wall of the bag,not easy to scrape,but it can be preheated by the stove before cooking,and the oil is melted.8,the sweater is worn long,some part will grind bright, use vinegar,water each half of mixed liquid to spray a bit, wash again,can restore the original.In the autumn and winter season,the daily boiled andedible white radish,even the soup and vegetable dishes in the morning and evening clothes a small bowl,the long-term persistence can effectively cure chronic bronchitis.In the cold season,you will be able to prevent chilblains by rubbing your ear and losing weight every day,and then using a hair dryer to warm them for a while.When decorating in winter,the wood should be careful to protect the moisture from deformation.The woodworking products should be sealed in time to prevent shrinkage.The wooden floor wants to set apart2millimeter to be in the expansion seam.Experts advise eating more red peppers,carrots,hawthorn and other foods in the winter,or a cup of yoghurt a day,a bowl of chicken soup,to prevent colds.Place a cloth with glycerin and egg yolk on the surface of the stain and place it for a moment.Rinse it with water.It can be cured by the nose of the nose,and it will berubbed into the nostrils.The potassium and essential oils in the grass will keep the nose open.When the silk is ironed yellow,use a little baking soda to add water to make a paste,besmear in the mark place,wait for the water to evaporate,again the wet cloth iron,the yellow can be removed.Freshly bought ceramic cutlery,boiled in4percent vinegar water,can remove most of the toxic substances.The cotton clothes appear the mildew spot,use a few green bean sprouts in the place of the mould spot repeatedly knead,then use clear water to rinse clean,can clear.The skin of grapefruit is boiled water can cure frostbite, boil water in the skin of a grapefruit to scrub the disease, 1~2times a day,a few times can be effective.The water mist wet towel that is in the bathroom mirror is very difficult to clean,but now the mirror is coated with soap,use dry dishcloth again,the mirror is easy torestore clear.When the lime flies into the eye,it can relieve the painby dripping a little sugar water.The drawer,the closet,the clothes box contain the musty smell,put a bar of soap in inside,can remove.When buying a gift box,the price tag is hard to tear off.The dryer can be blown hot and torn,and it will be easily ripped and left without any trace.Raw peanut can cure presbyopia,eat about25grams of peanuts a day,once a day,long-term persistence is helpful for the restoration of presbyopia.Ginger juice is a medicine for carsickness,and tea and water to rinse mouth and mouth.In winter,licking your lips will make you more and more dry.Don't burn your hands after freezing,you can easily get chilblains.Avoid washing your hair before bed to avoid catching a cold.Avoid wearing face mask,can make mucosa mucosa become delicate,easy catch cold.The banana peel can cure frostbite effectively,rub the inside face of banana skin gently to rub frostbite area,until fever,several times can effect.27,the green bean has the trick of cure the cold:can boil mung beans first,boil bad hind add ginger and cola,while hot drink to be able to return to the fever to cure the flu.The flower chilli leaf water bubble foot cure heel pain,the fresh flower pepper leaves water boil,while hot bubble foot,even bubble a few days,half an hour,quick cure.Remove egg white from the clothes,but first use cold water bubble,then wash with the tea water,then rinse with water, then remove the egg white.The banana ice sugar is steamed cough,the banana3,the sugar5grams,put in the bowl,the wen fire steamed a quarter of the food,the cough effect is very good.Wash your face with orange peel,soak a few slices of orange peel in boiling water,and wash your face with orange peel water when the temperature is right.32,the date cure the arms and legs crack,take several dates to remove the skin core,add water to make a paste, daub in the crack,two days a day,can heal a few days.The pork oil honey cream can cure the chilblains,take20 grams of lard,honey80grams,and put it together into a paste.Apply to the affected area three times a day and can be cured in a few days.Starch juice for the nose.Take starch one or two,open water a bowl with cold water,stir well,empty stomach, every morning and evening,three days of treatment.If the clothes are stained by oil stains,the oil can be removed by gently rubbing the fresh white bread.The hot pepper should be applied to the gout.Cut thechilli into strips and stick them in the affected area for 24hours.The white radish is the nasal plug.Remove3to4radishes, add water to the pot,boil and steam after boiling.After a few minutes,the nose will be free.The lyssus can cure e two to three drops of warm water foam feet every night.After a few times,the frostbite is good.Coke can cure colds.When colds start,you can boil a coke with a few slices of ginger and a lemon,and then drink it with a significant effect.Use hot rice soup to make a wooden ear,half an hour later fish out,the wooden ear that USES this method bubble not only the appearance is very loose and loose,and the tasteis fresh and tender after stir-fry.1,licorice green bean soup to solve drug poisoning.In the case of drug intoxication,15grams of licorice,50gramsof mung bean,one dose a day,three times.Vinegar can eliminate the smell of refrigerators.Put some vinegar into your open glass bottle and put it in the fridge.43,qiao wash woolen sweater:wash in warm water whenadding suitable amount of laundry detergent and ammonia,add a few drops of vinegar rinse,can help to restore the luster and softness of original wool fabric.In the area of the affected area,the area of the diseasecan be cured by the tinea.4to5times a day in the areaof the disease,the skin gradually dries out and the tinea is cured.Drinking white wine can prevent canker sores.After theoral mucous membrane is bitten,the small amount of white wine in the mouth is gargle,and after5~10minutes,the oral ulcer is no longer happening.To brush the leather shoes:use alcohol and yellow rice noodles to make a paste on the face of the shoes,dry and then brush off the yellow rice noodles,and the dirt wi11 be removed.47,baijiu is the treatment of sweat and feet.After washing the feet every night,use the white wine a littleto rub the foot,and natural air dried,hold for a month, can cure the foot stink.The beer mouthwash can go to dust disinfection.Rinsing your mouth with a beer can wash down the dust in yourthroat and make your throat more comfortable.49,apply a bit of gesso powder and chalk and ash water on the glass first,wash with dry cloth again,can brush glass easily.Break the egg,separate the egg yolks and the egg whites, pour the egg yolks into the milk and cook it,and drink it to the effect of the town brain.After51,soap in water softening,quite inconvenient to use,half an hour to put it in the refrigerator freezer, refrigerator can absorb excess water,to restore the soap hardness.When the eye is dry,use boiling water to make tea,close the eyes to the cup,both hands protect the cup,each time ten minutes can soothe the eyes,moisten the eyeball, protect the vision.The folk divide the people with acne:fresh cucumber juice, white vinegar the same amount of evenly,first use hot water wash a face,then rub face,a day three times,after the powder of the day to wash away with warm water in10 minutes.54,eat leek and cure the throat.Stir-fry a handful of unchopped leek and swallow it to the throat.The jujube bark ointment can cure the burn.Take the proper amount of jujube,wash it with boiled water,bake,grind it up,add sesame oil and paste it to the spot.The chewing ginger can divide the oral cavity.When ablister is in the mouth,a few slices of ginger can be sliced and chewed,and the blisters will slowly disappear.Make your teeth quickly white:use the same amount of salt, baking soda,water,and brush your teeth once a day for four days to whiten your teeth.A quick marinade:rinse the eggs with clean water,then wash them with vinegar,then put them in salt water and serve in a week.A dish of water,which is filled with a plate of water,will fall into the water in the dust and blink severaltimes in a row to remove the foreign object.Food hypnosis method:(1)eat a small amount of bread half an hour before going to bed.(2)drink the right amount of milk to sleep.Treatment of anaemic soil:the blood flow to a white sheet of white paper,dried and dried up to powder,red wine,a day and a half of powder,twice a day.Foot pillow pillow to cure cramp.Sleep with a pillow under your feet every night to prevent cramps from occurring during sleep.When you eat hot pot,you can put a proper amount of beerin the soup to make a decrease internal heat effect,eathot pot and drink beer,and the carbon dioxide in the wine helps to heat the heat and prevent food from burning the mouth.Peppermint liquorice tea is effective in protecting the voice.Make tea with5grams of mint,3grams of licorice, and drink this tea to prevent throat itching and coughing.65,licorice zinc can be treated with repeated canker sores.Oral ulceration can be treated with oral licorice and zinc.The salt water except the chicken eyes.Boil the water with a teaspoon of table salt,then heat the feet after a cool, and then dry the feet for half an hour.67,the seaweed is mixed with honey to cure the mouth sores. Burn the kelp(or eggplant skin)and mash it with honey and apply it to the affected area.It works well.Apply soap to reduce the pain.If you are burned by hot water or fire,rub some soap in the area immediately to relieve the pain.Strawberries and sugar stew can stop coughing.Take strawberry to the sugar(2:1)and make it three times a day for several days to stop coughing.70,white sugar is the best use:make fish and white sugar, fish fillet is easy to form;White sugar can shorten the fermentation time;The dish is sour and white sugar can be removed.Milk can make fish soup beautiful.A few drops of milk can be dripped in the pan while stewed fish soup at home,which will not only make the fish tender,but also the fish soup.Eating peanuts is a good way to treat your teeth.Munch on a few peanuts or a piece of raw onion,and the teeth are immediately restored,and you can continue to chew.Massage eye socket for rhinitis.The index finger is placed in two pairs of eyes,two hundred times a day for a periodof time.To remove mold from the refrigerator,use a dry cloth torub the soap and water.If you can*t rub it,use a drycloth to dip in a small amount of alcohol.If the sweater cuff or hem has lost its elasticity,soak it in hot water for20minutes,and when the dryness is dried, the elasticity will be restored.Salt and almonds add white to the face.Take a tablespoonof salt,150grams of almond powder,and paste it withwater and apply it to your face.The onion drives the cockroaches.Put a plate of sliced onion in the room,the smell of cockroach will be intoxicated,and it can also slow the deterioration of indoor food.78,vinegar and soybean milk shampoo are good.Wash the shampoo with the water with soybean milk,wash with the water of adding rice vinegar,and two days,the effect is good.It is easy to fish scales with vinegar.In the case of microscale fish,you can add a few tablespoons of vinegarto the fish in the water for the first two hours before you kill.Wash the fresh and tender garlic seedlings in the cut section,add sugar,vinegar,salt,soy sauce,soak for a week,and then when the salty dish is eaten,caneffectively remove the worm.The boiled beans can be distended.Pour the beans into a proper amount of sugar,and take a few tablespoons a dayfor a week to effectively treat abdominal distension.The water is frozen in the bottle,the beer is poured from the drink bottle,the fridge is put in the refrigerator,40 minutes is fine,and the water is two hours without water.The freshly butchered chicken has a foul smell,such as a mixture of salt,pepper and beer in a mixture of salt, pepper and beer.84,wipe the toothpaste to stop the pain to prevent the infection,small area skin injury or burn burn,apply alittle bit of toothpaste,but immediately stop the blood pain to prevent the infection.When you have a blisters on your lips,wash the area with warm water,then blisters the oily liquid,and at least three times a day,you can accelerate the blisters.It is easier to put the soap on the head before the screwis screwed,and then the head is turned into the wood.When the symptoms of cold symptoms such as sore throat,nasal congestion,fever and other cold symptoms can befound in the thick tea,the symptoms can be effectively approached.Salt water can prevent heatstroke.People who sweat too much in the summer,drink water in moderation,not only quench thirst,but also prevent heatstroke.89,the clothes are accidentally stained with milk,blood stain,new trace should be washed in cold water immediately, the trace should be washed with detergent first,then use light ammonia water to wash.Fried kiwi fruit for hepatitis.Take kiwi fruit100grams, red jujube12,the water is Fried as tea drinking,the effective treatment acute hepatitis has the promotion effect.Eating apples can alleviate the acid.Often anti-acid,eating an apple during a bad acid condition relieves such symptoms.When it is difficult to sleep in a hot climate,you can chop up a few Onions,wrap them in gauze,and sniff before bed.Take150grams of salt,100grams of chrysanthemum,soak in boiling water,wash the armpit after temperature,and twice a day,except the body odor.Take a watermelon skin250grams,add500grams of water,boil water to half,add some ice sugar and take it forthroat throat.Take60ml of fresh silk melon juice,add honey to theright amount,stir well,twice a day,have certaintreatment for pertussis.Treatment of myopia:often squatting is effective in reducing the flow of blood to the venous vein,relievingthe blood stasis in the abdomen,alleviating the fatigue of the eyes,and preventing shortsightedness and the loss of vision.The method of arranging flowers:cut the end of the branch of the flower branch with the scissors every day to make sure that it is fresh,and keep the branch of the flower branch in good condition.98,plantain grass can cure urine frequency.Wash the roots of the front grass and boil the water for3to4times a day.The tip of the dandruff:combine the salt with a little bit of borax to clear the water,make it completely dissolveand then wash the head,can effectively stop the tickling.After you wake up in the morning,rinse with water anddrink a cup of honey water.After an hour,you will eat breakfast,and you will be able to treat gastritis for a long time.The heat of the summer heat,the heat rash,the area that can use warm water to have heat rash is washed,besmear a layer of toothpaste,heat rash soon can disappear.The oxalic acid in bitter melon can interfere with the absorption of calcium in food.Before frying the bitter melon,it should be blanched in boiling water,remove oxalic acid and stir-fry.103,can use beer to wipe the ornamental leaf plant,after the beer is wiped out not only the dust not,the dirt of the long years can also be removed,the leaf noodles also leave the natural luster.At the beginning of the case of diarrhea,eat fresh peach (eat fresh peach before the meal and eat large garlic cloves in rice),and the average diarrhea can be relieved after12hours.Make a small cut of a fresh pear,add water and sugar to the boil,and then use it for a cough tone and dry throat.Remove from vegetable oil.Boil a moderate amount of vegetable oil,then apply it to the scab,and it will soon be removed.107,the chewing sesame can stop the anti-acid,the anti­acid,the advisable amount of the sesame to chew after chewing,after a moment,can stop the anti-acid,the curative effect is remarkable.108,air oil cure burn.For minor scalding,the oil can be applied directly to the burn area and applied every four hours.The hot pepper most people love to eat,the chilli is hot and hot,can be scrubbed with white wine,wash with clean water,the hand is not hot in a moment.110,when toothache,use vinegar to boil Chinese woIfberry, bletilla of bleaching mouth,have the pain effect,when brushing teeth the vinegar that drops a bit of vinegar on the toothpaste can clear the soot from the teeth.When the cold seat is bought or used,apply the brush tothe hot water to wash and dry for20minutes,which will clear the sweat and mite.112,wooden furniture apply dry cloth to wipe and the waxto maintain,if the dirt that is touched,can use cloth to dip in toothpaste to wipe first,after,use wet cloth to wipe.113,tooth whitening and partial:use papaya slice,wipe tooth twice every day,every time2minutes,insist January, must be effective.Boil the right amount of green beans,add sugar,and drink water every day.Cure mouth ulcer small side:take a walnut shell10to be around every day,use water to fry soup orally,3times aday,3days can be cured.Mix the baking soda with salt in proportion to1to1,add water to make the paste,use it to brush your teeth sooner or later,and keep using your teeth.117,cod liver oil treatment tinea.Break the fish liveroil pills,take a few external compresses,and after a few hours,if there is no adverse reaction,you can apply it three times a day.118,armor tips.After you finish your manicure,soak your nails in olive oil with a little lemon juice for10minutes each time.When bleeding,pinch a handful of jasmine tea in your mouth to make a paste,stick to the wound and don,t let go,and then stop the bleeding.The honey can be used to treat canker sores,wash the mouth and coat the surface of the ulcer,hold for a few minutes, then swallow,three times a day.。

应该知道的英文知识

应该知道的英文知识

1.american beauty是“月季”,而不是“美国美人”。

2.Dutch act是“自杀”,而不是“荷兰人的行动”。

3.Chinaberry是“楝树”,而不是“中国莓”。

4.China grass是“苎麻”,而不是“中国草”5.Dutch door是“杂志中的散页广告”,而不是“荷兰门”。

6.Dutch uncle是“唠唠叨叮的人”,而不是“荷兰大叔”。

7.Dutch wife是“竹、藤睡具”,而不是“荷兰老婆”。

8.go Dutch是“各人自己付钱”,而不是“去荷兰”。

9.Take French leave是“不告而别”,而不是“请法国假”。

10.French letter是“避孕套”,而不是”法国信”。

11.Russia dressing是“蛋黄酱”,而不是“俄罗斯服装”。

12.a Greek gift是“害人的礼物”,而不是“希腊的赠品”13.Malian iron是“圆筒形熨斗”,而不是“意大利铁”。

14.Spanish- athlete是“胡说的人”,而不是“西班牙运动员”。

1. One-two是“拳击中连击两次”,而不是“一二”。

2. two-time是“对人不忠”,而不是“两次”。

3. in two twos是“立刻”,而不是“两两之间”。

4. three-score是“六十”,而不是“三分”5. four o'clock是“紫茉莉或食蜜鸟”,而不是“四点”。

6. four hundred是“名流、上层”,而不是“四百”7. five-finer是“贼”,类似汉语的“三只手”,而不是“五指”8. at sixes and sevens是“乱七八糟”,而和“六”无关。

9. tight-ball是“老实人”,这里的“八”和“发”无关。

10. to the tens是“打扮得极为华丽”,而不是“数到十”11. a white day是“良晨吉日”,而不是“大白天”。

12. a white elephant是“沉重的负担”,而不是“白象”。

英文版百科知识

英文版百科知识

英文版百科知识(总8页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Early in the 19th century, about 60 million bison lived on the Great Plains in North America. They were central to the existence of the Plains people. Then from 1830 to 1889 they neared extinction, withless than 1,000 still roaming. Today, they are a protected animal and there are well over 200,000 living in protected areas and ranches.· I live in North America, however, I have some close relatives in Europe.· I live in plains regions. I am able to survive cold winters.· I roam out in the open on the Great Plains of North America,mostly in protected areas and private ranches.· I have a massive head, a hump over my front shou lders and sharply pointed horns.· I have a thick coat of dark brown and black hair.· I am about feet (2 meters) tall and about 9-12 feet meters) long. · I'm quite heavy. I can weigh 1800-2400 pounds (850-1100 kg).· I eat lots leaves and lots of grass.· I have help getting protection now, because I was near extinction. But I do have horns and I usually hang out in a group with my friends. · I first came to North American in prehistoric times when I crossed the Bering Strait land bridge from Eurasia.译文野牛——地图上涂绿色的地方是我的家有趣的常识:早在十九世纪,约六千万野牛生活在北美大草原上。

健康生活英文小常识

健康生活英文小常识

健康⽣活英⽂⼩常识 平常的⼩常识看腻了吗?放⼼,下⾯是⼩编为你精⼼整理的健康⽣活⼩常识英⽂,希望对你有帮助! 精选的健康⽣活英⽂⼩常识 1、早上醒来.先喝⼀杯⽔. 预防结⽯(Woke up this morning . Drink a glass of water. Prevention of stone)2、鸡屁股含有致癌物, 不要吃较好(Chicken butt contains carcinogens , do not eat well)3、喝⾖浆时不要加鸡蛋及糖. 也不要喝太多(Do not drink milk and sugar , add eggs . Do not drink too much)4、空腹时不要吃蕃茄, 最好饭后吃(Do not eat tomatoes fasting , the best meal to eat)5、抽烟,关系最⼤的是肺癌,唇癌,⾆癌,喉癌,⾷道癌,也与膀胱癌有关 (Smoking , the relationship is the largest lung cancer, lip cancer , tongue cancer , laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, but also with bladder cancer)6、饮酒导致肝硬化 .引发肝癌(Drinking leading to cirrhosis. Cause liver cancer) 经典的健康⽣活英⽂⼩常识 1. Primacy and recency ⾸尾原则 People most remember the first and last things to occur, and barely the middle. ⼈们⼤都会记住最先和最后发⽣的事情,中间发⽣什么⼏乎不记得。

When scheduling an interview, ask what times the employer is interviewing and try to be first or last. 在安排⼀场⾯试的时候,向⾯试官询问⾯试的具体时间,然后争取成为第⼀个或者最后⼀个⾯试的⼈。

小学英语文化常识及解答

小学英语文化常识及解答

1、在下列餐具中,哪一项在吃西餐中不需要用到的是A.chopsticks(筷子)B.spoon(勺子)C.knife(刀)D.fork(叉子)2、Halloween(万圣节)是哪一天?A.10月1日B.12月25日C.10月31日D.1月20日在每年的11月1日是西方的万圣节。

10月31日是万圣节前夕。

通常叫做万圣节前夜(万圣夜)。

每当万圣夜到来,孩子们都会迫不及待地穿上五颜六色的化妆服,戴上千奇百怪的面具,提着一盏“杰克灯”走家窜户,向大人们索要节日的礼物。

万圣节最广为人知的象征也正是这两样——奇异的“杰克灯”和“不给糖就捣乱trick or treat”的恶作剧。

华语地区常将万圣夜(Halloween)误称为万圣节。

3、Thanksgiving Day(感恩节)是哪一天?A.11月的第一个星期四B.11月的第二个星期四C.11月的第三个星期四D.11月的第四个星期四感恩节(Thanksgiving Day),美国和加拿大节日,在每年11月的第四个星期四,由美国首创的,原意是为了感谢印第安人,后来人们常在这一天感谢他人。

在这一天起将休假两天,都要和自己的家人团聚,感恩节是美国国定假日中最地道、最美国式的节日.Mother’s Day is the second Sunday in May.母亲节在五月份第二个星期天Father’s Day is the third Sunday in June.父亲节在六月份第三个星期天4.中号衣服的标志是?A. SB.LC. MD. YL大— Large M中— Medium S小— Small5、我们每天____上学,____放学。

我们热爱我们伟大的祖国_____ 。

A . am, pm, USAB . am, pm, PRCC . pm, am, UKD . pm, am, PRC (PRC中华人民共和国)6.He is a fat cat(引申义). 他是一个大亨7.英语字母中的大写形式有三笔完成,小写形式由两笔完成的是__和__A. E, N B . F, I C . H, F D. F, X8. 选出既能表示水果,又是颜色的单词A. RedB. orangeC. peachD. banana9.An English woman will not glad when you ask her about ___?英国女人不喜欢别人问她的年龄 A.her name B.her age C. her home D. her child10. UFO的意思是?A. 贵宾B.不明飞行物C. 人民币D. 英国广播公司11. VIP的意思是?A. 贵宾B. 不明飞行物C. 人名币D. 英国广播公司12. China有中国的意思;而china有___的意思A. 中国人B. 汉族C.瓷器D. 名族13.what letter is a drink?哪个字母的读音可以理解为一种饮料?A. BB. VC.T(音同tea 茶)D. G14. 生活中,我们经常能用到一些英文字母,如在医院中有检查,书店中有《阿正传》,在家中我们看节目。

英语趣味小知识(精选课件)

英语趣味小知识(精选课件)

英语趣味小知识一周七天的典故在中国,一周七天,我们分别称之为星期一、星期二……或者周一、周二……是以数字来表示的。

而在英语里,七天各有其名。

这是盎格鲁萨克森人为纪念他们崇拜的神而命名的。

盎格鲁萨克森人——公元五世纪,原居北欧的日耳曼部落入侵不列颠,他们当中包括盎格鲁人(Angles)、萨克森人(Saxons),朱特人(Jutes)。

而盎格鲁人定居的地方就是现在的英格兰。

除了星期六(Saturday)来源于罗马的萨图恩神(saturn)以外,其余六天的名字都来源于北方诸神。

...文档交流仅供参考...星期日:Sunday,the dayof the Sun,“太阳日”.对基督徒而言,星期日是“安息日”,因为耶稣复活的日子是在星期日.约在西元三百年左右,欧洲教会和政府当局开始明订星期日为休息的日子,直到今日,世界上大多数的国家都以Sunday为星期例假日。

...文档交流仅供参考...星期一:Monday,the dayof t heMoon,从Moonday发展至现在的Monday,“月亮日”。

...文档交流仅供参考...星期二:Tuesday,源于Tiwesday,“战神日"。

Tiw是北欧神话里的战神,正如同罗马神话里的战神Mars一样。

在北欧神话中不叫Tiw而叫Tyr.相传在他的那个时代,有一狼精经常出来扰乱世界,为了制服狼精,Tyr的一只手也被咬断了。

...文档交流仅供参考...星期三:Wednesday,源于Woden’sday,“Woden”是风暴之神,“风神日”.Woden是北欧诸神之父。

为制服狼精而牺牲自己一只手的Ty r,就是他的儿子。

...文档交流仅供参考...Woden领导神族跟巨人族作战,他曾牺牲自己锐利的右眼,跟巨人族换取“智慧”的甘泉。

他也曾深入地层,从巨人族那里偷取“诗”的美酒。

西方人为了追念这位主神,就根据他的名字创造了Wednesday这个字。

...文档交流仅供参考...星期四:Thursday,是为了纪念雷神(Thor)而命名的。

英语小知识英文

英语小知识英文

英语小知识英文English is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with millions of people using it on a daily basis both for work and leisure. Here are some important English language tips to help you better understand and use this global language.1. GrammarEnglish grammar can be tricky, but it’s important to understand it to speak and write properly. Learning the basic parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives as well as sentence structures such as the subject-verb-object arrangement can be useful in improving your English.2. PronunciationPronunciation is one of the most challenging aspects of the English language. Words can be pronounced differently depending on where you are from, and it can be difficult to understand accents that are different from yours. Listening skills and practicing with a native speaker or a language student can help improve your communication skills.3. VocabularyHaving a good vocabulary can help you understand English texts and communicate better. It’s essen tial to learn the commonly used words and phrases that are relevant to your field of interest or profession. You can do thisby reading English literature and newspapers, watching English TV shows, and taking vocabulary tests.4. IdiomsEnglish is full of idioms and expressions that can be confusing to non-native speakers. Some common ones include “break a leg,” “love at first sight,” and “kick the bucket”. It’s important to familiarize yourself with these expressions and their meanings to avoid misunderstandings.5. SpellingEnglish spelling can be challenging as words are not always spelled the way they are pronounced. Memorizing correct spellings and reading texts aloud can help you become more confident in your spelling abilities.6. PunctuationPunctuation is essential in conveying meaning in English texts. Understanding the basic punctuation marks such as commas, periods, and question marks can improve clarity and coherence in your writing.7. PracticePracticing daily can help you improve your English language skills significantly. Engage in activities that require you to use the language such as writing emails, participating in online forums, and speaking with native speakers. This can help build your confidence and fluency in using English.In conclus ion, the knowledge of English language is essential in today’s globalized world. By understanding and applying these basic tips, you can become a more confident and effective communicator in English.。

英语趣味小知识

英语趣味小知识

英语趣味小知识Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT一周七天的典故在中国,一周七天,我们分别称之为星期一、星期二……或者周一、周二……是以数字来表示的。

而在英语里,七天各有其名。

这是盎格鲁萨克森人为纪念他们崇拜的神而命名的。

盎格鲁萨克森人——公元五世纪,原居北欧的日耳曼部落入侵不列颠,他们当中包括盎格鲁人(Angles)、萨克森人(Saxons),朱特人(Jutes)。

而盎格鲁人定居的地方就是现在的英格兰。

除了星期六(Saturday)来源于罗马的萨图恩神(saturn)以外,其余六天的名字都来源于北方诸神。

星期日:Sunday,thedayoftheSun,“太阳日”。

对基督徒而言,星期日是“安息日”,因为耶稣复活的日子是在星期日。

约在西元三百年左右,欧洲教会和政府当局开始明订星期日为休息的日子,直到今日,世界上大多数的国家都以Sunday为星期例假日。

星期一:Monday,thedayoftheMoon,从Moonday发展至现在的Monday,“月亮日”。

星期二:Tuesday,源于Tiwesday,“战神日”。

Tiw是北欧神话里的战神,正如同罗马神话里的战神Mars一样。

在北欧神话中不叫Tiw而叫Tyr。

相传在他的那个时代,有一狼精经常出来扰乱世界,为了制服狼精,Tyr的一只手也被咬断了。

星期三:Wednesday,源于Woden’sday,“Woden”是风暴之神,“风神日”。

Woden是北欧诸神之父。

为制服狼精而牺牲自己一只手的Tyr,就是他的儿子。

Woden领导神族跟巨人族作战,他曾牺牲自己锐利的右眼,跟巨人族换取“智慧”的甘泉。

他也曾深入地层,从巨人族那里偷取“诗”的美酒。

西方人为了追念这位主神,就根据他的名字创造了Wednesday这个字。

星期四:Thursday,是为了纪念雷神(Thor)而命名的。

故星期四又称为“雷神日”。

英语常识

英语常识

英语基本常识一、填空。

1.英语是的正式工作语言之一。

2.英语字母有个。

从书写上看,有和两种,每个字母又分、两种形式。

从读音上看,又分和。

其中元音字母个,辅音字母个。

有五个字母为元音字母。

半元音字母有时用作元音字母,有时用作辅音字母。

3.英语中的标点符号大部分与汉语相同。

但英语中没有和。

4.英语中的的要大写。

单词之间必须有适当的距离,一般说以一个的宽度为宜。

5.英语字母中和可以单独成词。

作为单词时,永远要大写,其中文意思是。

6.国际音标共有个,元音音素个,其中单元音个,双元音;辅音音素个,其中清辅音个,浊辅音个。

是英语语音的最小单位。

7.英语字母中有个字母的发音以元音开头,分别是这些字母开头的单词,前面用不定冠词时用an 。

8.英语是文字,是英语中最小的书写单位。

9.英语字母的书写是有规矩的。

大写字母都在,小写字母有个写在中间格,个写在上两格,个写在下两格。

10.英语单词中使用频率最高的字母是,最低的是;词首使用频率最高的字母是,最低的是。

11.英语单词分为、和多音节词。

12.英语的两种语调为和13.从读音上归类,英语字母可分为7类,分别是,,,,,和。

14.大写字母中,一笔完成的有个,三笔完成的有个。

15.音节的核心是。

音节可分为和。

16.我们常在电视上看到一些英文缩略词:IT 表示,IOC 表示,UN 表示,NBA 表示。

17.用缩略词填空:是治疗头痛的,2001年中国加入了,2003年我国暴发了一场大规模的疫症,夺去了许多人的生命。

香港是中国的。

18.智力测试。

①What letter is an insect ? ②What letter is a vegetable ?③What letter is a drink ? ④What letter is a question ?⑤What is the next letter?M T W T F S⑥What do you have in December that you don’t have in any other month ?(提示:是字母)⑦Which letter comes next ?J A S O N19.猜猜这个简写句子的含义,并写下来。

英语文化小常识

英语文化小常识

英语文化小常识如下:1. Honeymoon这是个组合词,honey(蜂蜜)和moon(月)结合一起就是honeymoon蜜月的意思。

那么这个词语的来源是什么?相信很多人都不太清楚吧,这个词早出现在16世纪,人们用honey 来比喻新婚夫妻的甜蜜,但是moon月亮就像是我们的古人所说的“月有阴晴圆缺”一样,是一种苦涩的暗示。

把这一甜一苦组合在一起表达“蜜月”,也是要告诫人们婚姻意味着两人要一起承担人生的酸甜苦辣,经历风雨,才能拥有终的幸福美满。

2. Darling提起darling,相信很多人并不陌生,因为影视剧中经常出现这样亲密的称呼,但是这个词语也是比较古老的词语之一。

早在公元888年,darling就以deorling的形式出现了,也不算是现代流行的词语。

影视剧中经常出现这个词语用作“亲爱的人”,不过还有另一种带有轻微讽刺意味的含义,表示有些人深受一个不太招人喜欢的人或机构的喜爱。

3. Romance这是一个年轻人很喜欢用的词语,不过它的来历小编也是收集资料时才知道。

这个词语和Rome罗马有着紧密的联系,我们都知道,古罗马人初用的是拉丁文,之后逐渐消失后才演变为现在的意大利语、法语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语、罗马尼亚语等,这些衍生出来的语言统称为Romance languages罗曼斯语。

到了中世纪,许多英雄救美,芳心暗许的故事大多以罗曼斯语写成,法文居多。

因此,这类故事就被称作romances,而法国人又有着世界闻名的“浪漫”,因此也就有了后来的表达。

4. OKOkay这个词语应该是除了Yes,No之外在世界上用的多的英文词语,说是妇孺皆知都不为过。

那么这个词语究竟是如何而来呢?说法之一是OK是印第安人发明的词语,在印第安部落人商议中经常会用到的,从而演变而来。

另一种说法可信度较高,据说是19世纪由一个政治团体发明。

你不知道的英语小常识

你不知道的英语小常识

你不知道的英语小常识英语单词是由字母组合起来的字符串,所以就产生了一些与汉语方块字不同的特点。

下面就例举一些关于英语单词的小知识,增加背诵的兴趣。

1、英语单词的数量:对于其准确数量,是很难统计的。

不过语言学家一般认为,英语单词的数量,如果不包括专用词汇、人名、地名等,大约有17万个左右。

可是其中约有7万个单词是已经或者即将被淘汰的,所以大致数量是10万个。

2、连续出现的字母:英语单词中,一般指固有的单词(非派生合成的),不会有三个相同的字母连续出现的情况,但是如果我们给单词加上前后缀或组成合成词,就难以确定了。

比如把governess(女总督)变成governessship(女总督职务),就出现了三个相同字母连续出现的情景了。

3、同时出现五元音:英语字母中有a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母,可是这五个字母在同一单词中同时出现的时候却很少见,但不是没有。

如果按它们的固有的先后顺序在同一单词中出现,更是少了。

abstemious(有节制的)却是一个。

如果不按它们固有的顺序,它们连续出现的单词是:Rousseauian(卢梭的),Rousseau是一位伟大的法国思想家。

4、最长单词:要就起最长单词,这是不固定的。

有些专业技术方面的单词,有时长达几十个字母,只有本行业的专家们认识。

在平时用的单词中最长是antidisestablishmentarianism(赞同国家对教会的支持),由28个字母组成。

5、平时我们见的长点的单词往往有重复的字母,如examination中就有重复的a,i,n.在固有的单词中,不含重复字母最长单词是uncopyrightable(不能获得版权保护的),共十五个字母。

6、多数英语句子都有重复的字母,而不能包含所有的26个字母。

而下面一句话却含有这26个字母The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.(一只敏捷、棕色的狐狸跳过一只懒惰的狗)。

史上最全 英文小知识

史上最全 英文小知识

美国人嘴边最cool的英语,果断收藏来源:李青行的日志1. My time is your time. 请你吩咐!2. My hands are tied. 我很忙,无能为力。

3. To make a long story short. 长话短说。

4. It's a date. 一言为定。

5. That's a steal. 真便宜。

6.She has no sense. 她不懂事。

7. It's not big deal. 没什么了不起。

8. What's the fuss? 吵什么?9. Don't push me. 别逼我。

10. Have a good of it. 玩得高兴。

11.Go down to business. 言归正传。

12. Does it serve your purpose.对你有用么13. It's long story. 一言难尽。

14. Don't play possum. 别装蒜!15. Make it up. 不计前嫌。

16. Don't over do it. 别太过分了。

17. You want a bet? 想打赌吗?18. Who wants? 谁稀罕?19. December heartbeat. 黄昏恋20. Follow my nose. 凭直觉21. Cheap skate. 小气鬼!22. Big mouth. 多嘴。

23. I'm going to go. 我这就去。

24. can-do 能人25. Leave me alone. 别理我。

26. Don't pass the buck. 不要推卸责任27. I can't put up with her. 我受不了她。

28. She is just thick-skinned. 她真是厚脸皮。

29. I see eye to eye with you. 我与你的意见一致。

用英文讲生活上医学方面的一些小常识

用英文讲生活上医学方面的一些小常识

Essential Medical Tips for Daily Life1. Hand Hygiene: One of the most important preventive measures against germs is proper hand hygiene. Use soap and water to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, and after touching surfaces in public places. If soap and water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.2. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water is crucial for maintaining good health. It helps flush out toxins, regulate body temperature, and lubricate joints. Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day, depending on your weight and activity level.3. Balanced Diet: Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats is essential for maintaining good health. Avoid processed foods and sugary drinks, which can contribute to chronic diseases.4. Regular Exercise: Staying physically active can help prevent chronic diseases, improve mood, and boost the immune system. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per day, such as walking, cycling, or swimming.5. Sleep Hygiene: Getting enough sleep is crucial for maintaining good health. Lack of sleep can lead to memory problems, immune system weakness, and mood swings. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night.6. Screen Time: Limiting screen time, especially before bedtime, can help improve sleep quality. The blue light emitted from screens can suppress melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep.7. Vaccinations: Getting recommended vaccinations can help prevent diseases like the flu, measles, and HPV. Consult your healthcare provider to ensure you are up-to-date on all recommended vaccinations.By following these simple tips, you can improve your overall health and well-being. Remember, prevention is always better than cure, so it's important to stay proactive about your health.。

冷门小知识英文

冷门小知识英文

1. The term "quokka" is an Australian word for a small wallaby that lives on Rottnest Island off the coast of Western Australia. It's often referred to as the "happiest animal on Earth" because of its constant smiling expression.2. A "male goat" is called a "buck," and a "female goat" is called a "dozer."3. The word "unicorn" comes from the Latin word "unicornis," which means "one-horned."4. The international symbol for homosexuality is a rainbow flag, but the rainbow itself is also known as a "bow" in meteorology.5. A "jiffy" is an actual unit of time equal to 1/100th of a second.6. The study of clouds is called "nebulography."7. The official language of Belgium is Dutch, French, and German, making it the only bilingual country in the world with three official languages.8. A "whiskey sour" is a cocktail made with whiskey, lemon juice, and egg white. The egg white gives it a frothy texture.9. A "giraffe" is from the Arabic word "zarafa" or "quick walker."10. The highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, is over 29,000 feet (8,848 meters) tall and is located in Nepal.。

英文小知识收集

英文小知识收集

Fort minor你见或者不见我You Come to See Me or Not 你见,或者不见我我就在那里不悲不喜You come to see me or not Right there I am Neither sad nor delight你念,或者不念我情就在那里不来不去You miss me or not Right there my feelings are Neither rising nor falling你爱,或者不爱我爱就在那里不增不减You love me or notRight there my love isNeither more or less你跟,或者不跟我我的手就在你手里不离不弃You accompany me or notIn yours my hands are Neither clinging nor giving up来我的怀里或者让我住进你的心里默然相爱寂静欢喜Be here in my armsOr let me stay in your heartWe love each other in silenceAnd rejoice with serenity1.Do you have a family?你有孩子吗?2.I have no opinion of that sort of man。

我对这类人很反感。

3.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two。

我是最小的儿子,但是我还有两个妹妹。

4.The picture flattered her。

她比较上照。

5. He is a walking skeleton。

他很瘦。

6.The machine is in repair。

机器已经修好了。

7.You don't know what you are talking about。

你在胡说八道。

小学生消防小常识10条简短英文

小学生消防小常识10条简短英文

小学生消防小常识10条简短英文1.Know the Emergency Number Teach kids the emergency number911 so they can call for help in case of a fire.2.Stop, Drop, and Roll In case their clothes catch on fire, kids shouldremember to stop, drop to the ground, and roll to put out the flames.3.Practice Fire Drills Conduct fire drill exercises regularly at home andschool, so kids know what to do in a fire emergency.4.Stay Low in Smoke Teach children to crawl low under smoke to staysafe and avoid inhaling harmful fumes.5.Feel the Door Instruct kids to feel the door with the back of theirhand before opening it to check for heat. If it’s hot, they should find anotherway out.e Fire Escape Plans Ensure kids are familiar with different exits inbuildings and have a planned escape route in case of fire.7.Don’t Hide Teach children never to hide during a fire emergency butto get out and go to a designated meeting place.8.Practice Fire Safety at Home Teach kids the importance of notplaying with matches, lighters, or any fire-starting materials.9.Stay Away from Fire Hazards Instruct children to stay away fromstoves, heaters, candles, and any other potential fire hazards.10.Alert Others Encourage kids to alert adults or authorities if they seesmoke or fire and not to be afraid to seek help.Remember, knowledge about fire safety can save lives. Teach these simple tips to children to keep them safe in case of a fire emergency.。

英语文化常识

英语文化常识

公历一年有12个月,但不少人并不知道12 个月的英语名称的来历。

公历起源于古罗马历法。

罗马的英语原来只有10 个月,古罗马皇帝决定增加两个月放在年尾,后来朱里斯-凯撒大帝把这两个月移到年初,成为1月、2月,原来的1月、2月便成了3月、4月,依次类推。

这就是今天世界沿用的公历。

January——1月在罗马传说中,有一位名叫雅努斯的守护神,生有先后两副脸,一副回顾过去,一副要眺望未来。

人们认为选择他的名字作为除旧迎新的第一个月月名,很有意义。

英语January,便是由这位守护神的拉丁文名字January演变而来的。

February——2月每年 2 月初,罗马人民都要杀牲饮酒,欢庆菲勃卢姆节。

这一天,人们常用一种牛、草制成的名叫Februa的鞭子,抽打不育的妇女,以求怀孕生子。

这一天,人们还要忏悔自己过去一年的罪过,洗刷自己的灵魂,求得神明的饶恕,使自己成为一个贞洁的人。

英语2月February,便是由拉丁文Februar-ius(即菲勃卢姆节)演变而来。

March-----3月3月,原是罗马旧历法的1 月,新年的开始。

凯撒大帝改革历法后,原来的1月变成3月,但罗马人仍然把3 月看做是一年的开始。

另外,按照传统习惯,3月是每年出征远战的季节。

为了纪念战神玛尔斯,人们便把这位战神的拉丁名字作为3月的月名。

英语3月March,便是由这位战神的名字演变而来的。

April——4月罗马的4月,正是大地回春.鲜花初绽的美好季节。

英文4月April便由拉丁文April(即开花的日子)演变而来。

May——5月罗马神话中的女神玛雅,专门司管春天和生命。

为了纪念这位女神,罗马人便用她的名字——拉丁文Maius命名5月,英文5月May便由这位女神的名字演变而来。

June——6月罗马神话中的裘诺,是众神之王,又是司管生育和保护妇女的神。

古罗马对她十分崇敬,便把6月奉献给她,以她的名字——拉丁文Junius来命名6 月。

英语6月June便由这位女神的名字演变而来。

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(说明:下面从CAO到CZO中的缩写字母中 C 代表 chief,O 代表 officer,中间的A-Z所代表的含义分别给出其英文单词。)
CAO:Answerer 首席答辩人,专门负责解答媒体、债权人和用户等有关网站倒闭问题的询问。
CBO:Business Plan 首席商业计划官,是首席财务官的助理之一,专门针对不同的投资人制订相应的BP。
CSO:Strategy 首席战略官,由已经退位的公司主要创建人担任,在政府机关一般称为调研员或顾问。
CTO:Testing 首席测试官,是公司唯一负责网站建设的专家,由于技术开发不成熟,需要一直测试下去。
CUO:Union 首席联盟官,以战略联盟的名义,专门寻找有收购自己意向的网站。
CVO:VC reception 风险投资商接待专员,首席财务官的另一重要助理。
CWO:Writer 首席网络写手,负责将小事扩大化,通过炒作达到扩大网站知名度的目的,其下属为COO。
CXO:Xingxiang(因为中国特有,所以只能用汉语拼音表示) 网站形象代言人,一般由学历不高且没有任何网络知识的年轻人担任。
企业首席执行官制度的出现是对传统公司治理结构的新挑战
近年来,我国一些企业纷纷实行首席执行官制度,出现了我国历史上首批企业首席执行官(以下简称CEO)。为此,我们首先要回答的是:什么是CEO?中国为何要有CEO?企业首席执行官的涵义,按照我的理解,可以简单地理解为企业领导人与职业经理人两种身份的合一。
CYO:Yearly 公司元老,这是一个荣誉称号,授予在同一网站工作满一年的员工(这个职位通常空缺)。
CZO:Zero 最后离开公司的一个人,负责关好门窗,将公司大门钥匙交给物业管理处,可以由CAO兼任。
CJO:Judge 首席执法官,解决内部劳资纠纷,包括员工对降薪、辞退补偿等所引起的问题。
CKO:Keep connecting,网络连接专员,最繁忙的岗位之一,当中国电信的网络连接中断时及时向员工通报。
CLO:Lawer 首席律师,负责公司被控侵权时的应诉以及各种合同文本的审核。
CCO:Cost Control 首席成本控制官,凡超过100元以上的支出必须由CC0批准。
CDO:Domain name 首席域名官,负责公司域名注册、网站清盘时域名的拍卖、域名法律纠纷等相关问题。
CEO:Exchange 首席交换官,一般由国际CEO自由联盟随时更换,是一个常设的短期职能岗位,类似足球教练。
企业CEO制度是与现代企业制度相适应的。在现代市场经济体制下,现代企业制度的法人治理结构一般由股东大会、董事会、高层经理人员所组成的执行机构这样三个部分组成。其中,公司执行机构由高层执行官员组成。这些高层执行官员即高层经理人员受聘于董事会,在董事会授权范围内,拥有对公司事务的管理权和代理权,负责处理公司的日常经营事务。该执行机构的负责人就称为CEO,也就是首席执行官。担任企业CEO的,可以是董事长或副董事长,也可以是总经理。CEO的主要职责是:(1)执行董事会的决议;(2)主持公司的日常业务活动;(3)经董事会授权,对外签订合同或处理业务;(4)任免经理人员;(5)定期向董事会报告业务情况,并提交年度报告。
时代在变,岗位职责也在变。根据网络公司管理的最新需要,将CAO到CZO共26个重要人物中中除CFO之外的25个岗位职责进行全面修正,待国际互联网企业管理协会(IIEMA)正式审核之后,将作为网络企业管理国际标准发布,望各网络公司认清网络行业转变的现实,制订新形势下的公司组织结构策略,参照岗位职责最新说明执行。执行过程中遇到的问题请及时向IIEMA反馈,以便在下次标准修改时作为参考。
面对经济全球化及我国加入WTO,让许多企业都怀着强烈的危机感,忙着策划、调整,厉兵秣马,以应对世界市场的挑战。CEO正是在如此的背景下在我国出现的。也应看到,我国一些企业的CEO只是称谓上作了更改,实际上还是董事会决策下的总经理日常负责制,并非真正意义上的CEO。应该说,人力资本作为资本走上前台是知识经济时代的一个最为主要的表现形式。一个企业总经理的称谓改称CEO,不能仅仅只是称谓上与国际惯例的接轨,让企业在产权制度、治理结构以及企业文化等诸多方面与国际惯例接轨应为更重要。
CEO领导下的执行班子,包括:总经理、副总经理、各部门经理、总会计师、总工程师等。 我们发现近来一些已建立现代企业制度的成功企业,正在竞相推行CEO制度,于是产生了中国的首批企业首席执行官。
在国外,CEO是在公司法人治理结构已建立并运转成熟的基础上出现的。20世纪80年代以来,随着跨国公司全球业务的拓展,企业内部的信息交流日渐繁忙。由于决策层和执行层之间存在的信息传递阻滞和沟通障碍,影响了经理层对企业重大决策的快速反应和执行能力,一些企业开始对传统的董事会——董事长——总经理式的公司治理结构进行变革。CEO就是这种变革的产物之一。它的出现在某种意义上代表着原来董事会手中的一些决策权过渡到原有经营层手中。CEO不是总经理,也不是总裁,它的权力非常大,其中有40%~50%是董事长的权力。董事会成为小董事会,其主要职能是选择、考评和制定以CEO为中心的管理层及其薪酬制度。CEO虽不是企业的出资人,但它对重大决策却有拍板权。在国外,对CEO的约束主要不是董事会,而是企业中一个称为战略决策委员会的机构。这种战略决策委员会才是支持或否定CEO经营决策的主要权力机构。在许多国家,组成战略决策委员会的人员大部分不是企业中的人,更不是企业的出资人,而是社会上从事企业管理、经济学、法学等方面专业的知名人士。所以说,是人力资本控制了企业,而不是出资人,出资人的利益仅仅表现在产权的利益回报上。
产生这种结果,也有我国法律的原因,《公司法》规定董事长是法定代表人,并且董事长在董事会闭会期间有代行董事会部分职责的权力——而不是董事执行委员会在董事会闭会期间代行董事会。如果天天在公司上班,董事长必然要介入到执行活动中。
因此,在CEO体制下,董事长与CEO是否由同一人兼任要根据各公司具体情况而定,建立起适合CEO体制的董事会治理机制和结构才是更为关键的问题。
CMO:Media 首席媒体官,保持和媒体之间的友好关系,为公司随时发布新闻做准备。
CNO:News 首席新闻官,向媒体披露公司网站被黑、裁员、被收购等重大新闻。
COO:Observer 首席观察员,每天在各大网站BBS灌水,有时也被称为"大虾",工作向CWO直接汇报。
首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer,缩写CEO)是在一个企业中负责日常事务的最高行政官员,又称作行政总裁、总经理或最高执行长。
他向公司的董事会负责,而且往往就是董事会的成员之一。在公司或组织内部拥有最终的执行权力。在比较小的企业中首席执行官可能同时又是董事会主席和公司的总裁,但在大企业中这些职务往往是由不同的人担任的,避免个人在企业中扮演过大的角色、拥有过多的权力,同时也可以避免公司本身与公司的所有人(即股东)之间发生利益冲突。
(2)在董事长不任总经理并且不是每天在公司上班的情况下,总经理可以看作是CEO。这种情况与美国的董事长和CEO分任情况类似,该类公司的决策权和执行权相对分离,有34.3%的中国上市公司是这种情况。
(3)在上述两者之间,董事长不任总经理但每天在公司上班,我们认为这种情况下,董事长和总经理都具有CEO的职能,类似于国外往往在两个公司合并后的磨合期产生的双CEO现象。至于实际运作中董事长和总经理谁的权力更大就要看实际情况了,一般而论可能董事长强一些而总经理弱一些,有44.8%的中国上市公司是这种情况。
CPO:ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrivacy 首席隐私官,负责公司内部员工Email、ICQ、OICQ等通信内容的监控。
CQO:Quantity Making,数量指标编造专家,负责注册用户数量、页面浏览、营业收入等指标的编造。
CRO:Reduce the stafftrimmer 首席裁员官,负责所有与裁员有关的事务,直接向股东大会负责,包括董事长在内都不得干预其工作。
CFO:Financial 首席财务官,公司最重要的领导人,决定公司命运的主要人物。
CGO:Guideline 首席方针制订官,规划公司的宏伟蓝图,一般是5年以后的目标。
CHO:Harmony 首席协调官,调解投资者和经营者之间的冲突,并确保公司内部矛盾不要泄露。
CIO:Inspector 首席检查官,检查公司内部工作状况,监督员工工作态度。
谁是中国企业的CEO?
事实上,想要看清楚谁才是中国公司真正意义上的CEO,或者说,董事长和总经理谁才是真正的CEO,并不是一件容易的事。
有关研究表明:
(1)在董事长兼任总经理的情况下,这个人就是CEO。这种情况与美国的董事长兼CEO相似,有20.9%的中国上市公司董事长兼任总经理,该类公司的决策和执行权高度合一。
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