Colour Reconnections and Rapidity Gaps

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少儿英语之颜色课件

In man-made objects, colors are used to create visual effects and communicate information. For example, red often represents danger or stop, green represents go or proceed, and yellow represents caution or warning.
The Application of Color in Painting
要点一
Green
总结词
Green is a natural color that represents growth, harmony, and balance.
详细描述
Green is often associated with plants, nature, and health. It can be used to teach vocabulary words related to these items, as well as concepts like ecology and sustainability.
Color courseware for children's English
目录 CONTENTS
• Basic knowledge of color • Learning Color Words • The application of color in daily life • Color based games and activities • Extended knowledge of colors
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The application of color in daily life

色彩还原度英语

色彩还原度英语Color Restoration DegreeThe world we live in is a vibrant tapestry of hues, each color possessing the power to evoke emotions, influence perceptions, and shape our experiences. From the serene azure of a clear sky to the fiery crimson of a sunset, the interplay of colors is a fundamental aspect of our visual landscape. However, in our modern era, where technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, the true essence of color can often become distorted or diminished.The concept of color restoration degree is a crucial consideration in the digital age. As we increasingly rely on electronic devices to capture, display, and share visual information, it is essential to ensure that the colors we perceive accurately reflect the original scene or object. This is where the color restoration degree comes into play, serving as a measure of how faithfully the digital representation of color matches the physical reality.One of the primary challenges in achieving accurate color restoration lies in the inherent limitations of digital imaging and display technologies. Digital cameras, for instance, use sensors that aredesigned to capture light in specific wavelength ranges, which may not always align perfectly with the human visual system. Similarly, computer monitors and other display devices have their own color gamuts, or the range of colors they can reproduce, which may not encompass the full spectrum of colors perceivable by the human eye.To address these challenges, color management systems have been developed to optimize the color reproduction process. These systems employ various algorithms and calibration techniques to ensure that the colors displayed on our screens, printed on our documents, or captured by our cameras closely match the original colors in the physical world.The color restoration degree is a metric that quantifies the success of these color management efforts. It is typically expressed as a percentage, with 100% representing a perfect match between the digital and physical colors. The higher the color restoration degree, the more accurate and true-to-life the color representation will be.Achieving a high color restoration degree is particularly crucial in industries where color accuracy is of paramount importance, such as photography, graphic design, and fine art reproduction. In these fields, even minor deviations in color can have significant consequences, affecting the overall aesthetic, emotional impact, or even the commercial value of the final product.However, the importance of color restoration degree extends beyond professional applications. In our everyday lives, the ability to accurately perceive and reproduce colors can have a profound impact on our experiences and our understanding of the world around us.Consider the case of medical imaging, where accurate color representation can be crucial for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of various conditions. Doctors and healthcare professionals rely on digital imaging technologies, such as X-rays, MRI scans, and endoscopic procedures, to visualize the internal structures of the human body. If the color restoration degree in these images is not high enough, it can lead to misinterpretations or missed diagnoses, with potentially serious consequences for the patient.Similarly, in the realm of education and research, the ability to accurately reproduce color can be essential for the effective communication of scientific concepts, the analysis of data visualizations, and the accurate representation of natural phenomena. Inaccurate color reproduction can hinder the understanding and interpretation of crucial information, ultimately impacting the quality of learning and the advancement of knowledge.Beyond these professional and academic applications, the color restoration degree also plays a role in our everyday aesthetic experiences. The way we perceive and interact with the digital world, from the vibrant hues of our social media posts to the subtle nuances of our favorite films and television shows, can be greatly influenced by the quality of color reproduction.When the color restoration degree is high, we are able to fully immerse ourselves in the visual experiences presented to us, allowing us to appreciate the true essence of the colors and the emotional resonance they evoke. Conversely, when the color restoration degree is low, the disconnect between the digital representation and the physical reality can be jarring, disrupting our sense of engagement and undermining the overall aesthetic impact.In conclusion, the color restoration degree is a critical consideration in the digital age, with far-reaching implications across a wide range of industries and aspects of our lives. By ensuring accurate and faithful color reproduction, we can unlock the full potential of digital technologies, enhance our understanding of the world around us, and enrich our aesthetic experiences. As we continue to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of digital media, the importance of color restoration degree will only continue to grow, serving as a vital bridge between the virtual and the physical realms.。

ASQ CQE (考试题目与答案)

Study Questions and Answers This material is protected under United States copyright laws. It may not be reproduced, transmitted ordistributed in any form without the express written consent of Carl Nocera.Copyright © 2004 by Carl D. Nocera. All rights reserved.Produced in the United States of America.QREVIEW STUDY QUESTIONS and ANSWERSBasic Quality Concepts 1Basic Probability 7Statistics 15 Statistical Inference 23Sampling 27 Control Charts 31Reliability 35 Regression and Correlation 37Cost of Quality 39Design of Experiments 43Metrology and Calibration 47Answer Sheet 49Basic Quality Concepts 1 QREVIEW STUDY QUESTIONSINTRODUCTIONThe following questions include key concepts which are representative of the CQE examination. Each question should be worked out as completely as possible before looking at the answer. Some questions have been taken from previously published ASQ CQE exams.BASIC QUALITY CONCEPTS1. In many companies, what is generally the weakest link in the quality auditingprogram?a) Audit reportingb) Follow-up of corrective action implementationc) Scheduling of auditsd) Inadequate audit checklists2. A quality control program is considered to bea) a collection of quality control procedures and guidelines.b) a step by step list of all quality control check points.c) a summary of company quality control policies.d) a system of activities to provide quality of products and services.3. The "quality function" of a company is best described asa) the degree to which the company product conforms to a design or specification.b) that collection of activities through which "fitness for use" is achieved.c) the degree to which a class or category of product possesses satisfaction forpeople generally.d) All of the above.4. In preparing a product quality policy for your company, you should do all of the followingexcepta) specify the means by which quality performance is measured.b) develop criteria for identifying risk situations and specify whose approval isrequired when there are known risks.c) include procedural matters and functional responsibilities.d) state quality goals.2 QReview Study Questions5. What natural phenomenon created the necessity to control product and process quality?a) Gravityb) Variationc) Human Errord) Management6. The three basic elements of a quality system area) Quality Management, Purchasing and Document Controlb) Quality Management, Quality Control and Quality Assurancec) SPC, Inspection and Quality Assuranced) Quality Control, Quality Costs and Control Charts7. What are the two basic categories of quality?a) Design and Conformance Qualityb) Good and Bad Qualityc) Defective and Non-Defective Qualityd) Attribute and Variable Quality8. The Law of Large Numbers states thata) individual occurrences are predictable and group occurrences are unpredictable.b) group data always follows a normal pattern.c) individual occurrences are unpredictable and group occurrences are predictable.d) the standard deviation of group data will always be greater than ten.9. Statistical quality control is best described asa) keeping product characteristics within certain bounds.b) calculating the mean and standard deviation.c) the study of the characteristics of a product or process, with the help of numbers,to make them behave the way we want them to behave.d) the implementation of ISO 9000.10. Which of the following is the most important element in Statistical Quality Control?a) The Feedback Loopb) Make Operationc) Inspectiond) Quality of Incoming MaterialBasic Quality Concepts 311. When measurements are accurate and precise,a) the data are distributed randomly throughout the entire range.b) the data are clustered closely around the central value.c) minimum variation will exist.d) the data are normally distributed.12. All of the following are included in a quality system excepta) document control.b) corrective action.c) management responsibility.d) employee salaries.13. Which of the following best describes a statistical distribution?a) A model that shows how data are distributed over a range of measurements.b) An Analysis of Variance table.c) A sampling plan.d) A graph that contains data plotted on a normal curve.14. Which of the following are two types of data used in statistical quality control?a) Design and Conformance Datab) Precise and Accurate Datac) Variables and Attributes Datad) Mean and Variance Data15. The primary reason for evaluating and maintaining surveillance over a supplier's qualityprogram is toa) perform product inspection at source.b) eliminate incoming inspection cost.c) motivate suppliers to improve quality.d) make sure the supplier's quality program is functioning effectively.16. Which one of the following are ISO 9001 requirements?a) Process Flow Chartb) Quality Manualc) Operations Manuald) TQM Program4 QReview Study Questions17. Which of the following does not generate product-quality characteristics?a) Designerb) Inspectorc) Machinistd) Equipment engineer18. Incoming material inspection is based most directly ona) design requirements.b) purchase order requirements.c) manufacturing requirements.d) customer use of the end product.19. The acronym ISO meansa) International Standards Organization.b) Internal Service Organization.c) equal.d) third party auditing organization.20. Products should be subjected to tests which are designed toa) demonstrate advertised performance.b) demonstrate basic function at minimum testing cost.c) approximate the conditions to be experienced in customer's application.d) assure that specifications are met under laboratory conditions.21. The advantage of a written procedure isa) it provides flexibility in dealing with problems.b) unusual conditions are handled better.c) it is a perpetual coordination device.d) coordination with other departments is not required.22. In spite of the Quality Engineer's best efforts, situations may develop in which hisdecision is overruled. The most appropriate action would be toa) resign from the position based upon convictions.b) report findings to an outside source such as a regulatory agency or the press.c) document findings, report them to superiors and move on the next assignment.d) discuss findings with co-workers in order to gain support, thereby forcing action.Basic Quality Concepts 523. If a test data does not support a Quality Engineer's expectations, the best thing to do isa) adjust the data to support expectations if it is only slightly off.b) draw the expected conclusion omitting the data not supporting it.c) re-evaluate the expectations of the test based upon the data.d) report the data and expected conclusion with no reference to one another.24. In case of conflict between contract specifications and shop practice,a) arbitration is necessary.b) the customer is always right.c) good judgment should be exercised.d) contract specifications normally apply.25. A quality audit program should begin witha) a study of the quality documentation system.b) an evaluation of the work being performed.c) a report listing findings, the action taken and recommendations.d) a charter of policy, objectives and procedures.26. Selection of auditors shall ensure thata) auditors are completely independent from the organization being audited.b) management is aware of the audit activities.c) auditors do not audit their own work.d) auditors are trained.27. Analysis of data on all product returns is important becausea) failure rates change with length of product usage.b) changes in design and in customer use are often well reflected.c) immediate feedback and analysis of product performance becomes available.d) All of the above.28. All of the following are considerations when a total quality management (TQM) programis implemented excepta) the use of statistical tools and techniques.b) a program of continuous quality improvement.c) the manager responsible for product quality.d) total involvement from management to production associates.6 QReview Study Questions29. According to Juran, all of the following are widespread errors in perception that have ledmany managers astray excepta) the work force is mainly responsible for the company's quality problems.b) workers could do quality work but they lack the motivation to do so.c) quality will get top priority if upper management so decrees.d) return on investment is everything.30. An essential technique in making training programs effective is toa) set group goals.b) have training classes which teach skills and knowledge required.c) feed back to the employee meaningful measures of his performance.d) post results of performance before and after the training program.31. An engineer has the job of providing a written plan of quality related tasks to hismanager, including a detailed timeline, for the following year. Which of the following tools should be used?a) Histogramb) Flow Chartc) Gantt Chartd) Frequency DistributionBasic Probability 7 BASIC PROBABILITY32. The time it takes to answer a technical support line has a continuous uniform distributionover an interval from 17 to 20 minutes. All of the following are true excepta) P(x = 18.5) = 1/2b) P(x ≤ 20) = 1c) P(17 ≤ x ≤ 18) = 1/3d) P(x ≥ 17) = 133. For two events, A and B, which one of the following is a true probabilitystatement?a) P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) if A and B are independentb) P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) if A and B are mutually exclusivec) P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B) if A and B are mutually exclusived) P(A or B) = P(A) x P(B) if A and B are independent34. What is the probability of getting a head or a tail in 1 toss of a coin?a) 1/16b) 1/4c) 1/2d) 135. What is the probability of getting a head and a tail in 2 tosses of a fair coin? And, what isthe probability of getting a head and a tail, in that order, in 2 tosses of a fair coin?a) 1/2, 1/2b) 1/4, 1/4c) 1/2, 1/4d) 1/4, 1/236. A coin is tossed 10 times. The first 9 tosses come up heads. What is the probability thatthe 10th toss will come up heads?a) 1/512b) 1/256c) 1/32d) 1/237. What is the probability of obtaining exactly 2 heads in 4 tosses of a fair coin?a) 1/4b) 3/8c) 1/2d) 1/68 QReview Study Questions38. What is the probability of getting a 3 when rolling a single die? ( A die is one of a pair ofdice)a) 1/5b) 3/5c) 1/6d) 1/339. What is the probability of getting an odd number when rolling a pair of dice? (Spots onthe two dice sum to odd number)a) 1/4b) 1/2c) 1/3d) 3/1040. What is the probability of obtaining a sum of 7 when rolling a pair of dice?a) 1/5b) 3/5c) 1/6d) 1/3Use the following information to answer questions 41, 42 and 43. The probability is 1/2 that Bob will pass the CQE exam, 1/3 that Amy will pass and 3/4 that Jon will pass.41. What is the probability that Bob, Amy and Jon will all pass the exam?a) 1/8b) 4/9c) 4/11d) 1/342. What is the probability that neither Bob, Amy nor Jon will pass the exam?a) 1/9b) 7/8c) 1/12d) 2/343. What is the probability that only one of the three will pass the exam?a) 1/4b) 1/3c) 3/4d) 3/8Basic Probability 9 44. Four people shoot at a target and the probability that each will hit the target is 1/2 (50%).What is the probability that the target will be hit?a) 1/16b) 15/16c) 1/2d) 1/445. A committee of 5 people is chosen at random from a room that contains 4 men and 6women. What is the probability that the committee is composed of 2 men and 3 women?a) 1/2b) 10/21c) 5/21d) 1/346. A vendor is trying to sell you a box of 50 fuses that contains exactly 5 defective fuses.You select 2 fuses from the box for testing. If both are good you will buy the entire box. If one or both are defective, you will not buy the box. What is the probability that you will buy the box?a) .7533b) .8082c) .9769d) .853147. What is the probability of winning the Super Lotto? (Winning = getting all 6 numbers outof 47)a) 1/10,737,573b) 1/7,731,052,560c) 1/3,457,296d) 1/12,966,82148. A box contains 12 connectors, 9 good and 3 defective. What is the probability ofobtaining exactly 2 good and 1 defective connector in drawing 3 parts from the boxwithout replacement?a) .4219b) .4909c) .5022d) .691510 QReview Study Questions49. A box contains 12 connectors, 9 good ones and 3 defective ones. What is the probabilityof obtaining exactly 2 good and 1 defective connector in drawing 3 parts from the box with replacement?a) .4219b) .4909c) .5022d) .691550. You have been asked to sample a lot of 300 units from a vendor whose past quality hasbeen about 2% defective. A sample of 40 pieces is drawn from the lot and you have been told to reject the lot if you find two or more parts defective. What is the probability of rejecting the lot?a) 0.953b) 0.809c) 0.191d) 0.047Use the following information to answer questions 51 and 52. A company produces capacitors by a process that normally yields 5% defective product. A sample of 4 capacitors is selected.51. What is the probability that all 4 capacitors are good?a) .9790b) .9213c) .8617d) .814552. What is the probability that all 4 capacitors are defective?a) .1383b) .1855c) .0000258d) .00000625Use the following information to answer questions 53, 54, 55 and 56. A company makes ball bearings that are found to be 10% defective in the long run. A sample of 10 bearings is selected.53. What is the probability that 0 bearings will be defective?a) .3487b) .3874c) .4126d) .1110Basic Probability 1154. What is the probability of obtaining exactly 1 defective bearing?a) .3487b) .3874c) .4126d) .257455. What is the probability of obtaining exactly 3 defective bearings?a) .0574b) .4448c) .7361d) .156256. What is the probability of obtaining more than 1 defective bearing?a) .3874b) .4126c) .2639d) .228557. How many defective connectors would be expected in a sample of 200 parts if theprocess averages 2% defective?a) 1b) 2c) 4d) 758. What is the probability of obtaining exactly 2 defective connectors in a sample of 6 partsif the process averages 2% defective?a) .0135b) .0055c) .0009d) .000159. All of the following are probabilistic events excepta) the number rolled in a game of dice.b) the number of defects in a random sample.c) the acceleration of an apple when it drops from a tree.d) the number of games played in the world series.12 QReview Study QuestionsUse the following information to answer problems 60, 61 and 62. A company produces integrated circuits (chips) by a process that normally yields 2000 ppm defective product for electrical test requirements (ppm = defective parts per million). A sample of 5 chips is selected and tested.60. What is the probability that all 5 chips are good?a) .9900b) .9603c) .9213d) .856361. What is the probability that 1 or more chips are defective?a) .0051b) .0009c) .0269d) .010062. What is the probability that more than 1 chip is defective?a) .01931b) .00510c) .00008d) .01000Use the following information to answer problems 63, 64 and 65. A capability study was made to determine the defective rate of 28AZ transistors. The study showed the rate to be 5000 ppm. Ten of the transistors were shipped to a customer.63. What is the probability that the shipment contains no defective transistors?a) .9511b) .9066c) .8512d) .921364. What is the probability that the shipment contains exactly 1 defective transistor?a) .0001b) .0478c) .1048d) .1165Basic Probability 1365. What is the probability that the shipment contains 2 or more defective transistors?a) .0001b) .0478c) .0237d) .0011Use the following information to answer problems 66, 67 and 68. A circuit board operation yields 2 defects per board on the average. A sample of 1 board is selected at random.66. What is the probability of finding exactly 2 defects on the selected board?a) .3522b) .2706c) .1550d) .029567. What is the probability of finding less than 2 defects on the selected board?a) .4060b) .6352c) .3522d) .384968. What is the probability of finding more than 2 defects on the selected board?a) .4060b) .2706c) .3522d) .3235Use the following information to answer problems 69, 70 and 71. In manufacturing material for automobile seats it was found that each 100-foot roll contained, on average, 2 defects (flaws). A sample of 1 roll is selected at random from the process.69. What is the probability that the selected roll contains 0 defects?a) .1353b) .2707c) .8647d) .729314 QReview Study Questions70. What is the probability that the selected roll contains exactly 1 defect?a) .1353b) .7293c) .8647d) .270671. What is the probability that the selected roll contains more than 1 defect?a) .3233b) .5941c) .7293d) .8647Use the following information to answer problems 72 and 73. A firm that makes T-shirt decals has determined that their process yields, on average, 3 defects per day. Fifty decals are inspected each day.72. What is the probability of finding exactly 2 defective decals in any given day? (Assumeone defect per defective decal.)a) .7361b) .1494c) .2240d) .074673. What is the probability of buying a decal that contains more than 1 defect?a) .0005b) .0042c) .0001d) .001774. A parts dealer buys parts from a warehouse. Parts are made by either Company A orCompany B but are not identified as to which company produces them. One company produces all parts in one shipment or lot. On the average, we know:Company A produces 2.5% defective parts.Company B produces 5.0% defective parts.The warehouse states that 70% of parts will come from Company A and 30% from Company B. If the dealer selects 4 parts at random from a lot and finds 1 defective part, what is the probability that the lot was produced by Company A?a) .4422b) .5580c) .6915d) .3085Statistics 15 STATISTICS75. What is the expected value of the random variable x for the following data?x f(x)12 0.210 0.514 0.120 0.2a) 13.6b) 14.0c) 12.8d) 14.576. In the standard normal table, what value of z has 5% of the area in the tail beyond it?a) 1.960b) 1.645c) 2.576d) 1.28277. Which distribution should be used to determine a confidence interval when σ is notknown and the sample size is 10?a) zb) tc) Fd) χ278. Which of the following methods should be used to test 6 population means for statisticalsignificance?a) Chi Square Testb) Analysis of Variancec) F Testd) Duncan's Multiple Range Test79. A sample size of 120 is taken from a process and is represented graphically on ahistogram. What is the appropriate number of histogram cells to use?a) 1 - 8b) 9 - 20c) 21 - 35d) 12016 QReview Study Questions80. Which of the following conditions makes it possible for a process to produce a largenumber of defective units while it is in statistical control?a) When the specification limits are not set correctly.b) When the process capability is wider than the tolerance.c) When unknown external forces affect the process.d) When the sample size, from which the reject data is found, is too small.81. For the normal probability distribution, which of the following is true about therelationship among the median, mean and mode?a) They are all equal to the same value.b) The mean and mode have the same value but the median is different.c) Each has a value different from the other two.d) The mean and median are the same but the mode is different.82. All of the following statistical techniques can be used to determine the effectiveness of asupplier improvement program excepta) Pareto analysis.b) x bar and R charts.c) a PERT chart.d) a flow chart.83. A sample of n observations has a mean x and a standard deviation s > 0. If a singleobservation, which equals the value of the sample mean x, is removed from the sample, which of the following is true?a) x and s both changeb) x and s remain the samec) x remains the same but s increasesd) x remains the same but s decreases84. The factory installed brake linings for a certain kind of car have a mean lifetime of 60,000miles with a 6,000 mile standard deviation. A sample of 100 cars has been selected for testing. What is the standard error of x? (Assume that the finite population correction may be ignored.)a) 60 milesb) 6000 milesc) 600 milesd) 6100 milesStatistics 17 Use the following information to answer problems 85 - 90. A sample of 7 rivets was taken from a shipment of 1000 rivets and the length was measured. The following data are obtained:Sample Number Length (inches)1 3.12 3.13 3.24 3.75 3.66 3.77 3.185. What is the mean length of the rivets?a) 3.20 inchesb) 3.36 inchesc) 4.00 inchesd) 3.65 inches86. What is the standard deviation of the length of the rivets (estimate of population standarddeviation)?a) 0.27 inchesb) 2.16 inchesc) 0.29 inchesd) 2.00 inchesNote: In the following 4 problems, the sample sizes are less than 30 and the t statistics should be used to solve the problems. Analyses of this type usually involve sample sizes of 30 or greater. Handle the problems just as if the sample sizes were greater than 30 and use the z statistics.87. What percentage of rivets have lengths less than 2.80 inches?a) 2.69%b) 5.00%c) 1.22%d) 3.23%18 QReview Study Questions88. What percentage of rivets have lengths greater than 3.65 inches?a) 17.1%b) 14.2%c) 15.9%d) 7.10%89. What percentage of rivets have lengths between 3.1 inches and 3.9 inches?a) 89.37%b) 78.45%c) 52.25%d) 99.75%90. In the shipment of 1000 rivets, how many good parts will we find if a good part is definedas having a minimum of 3 inches and a maximum of 4 inches?a) 999b) 967c) 912d) 878The following information is used to answer problems 91 - 95. Data are taken from a manufacturing process that produces optical glass. The sample size is 5 parts and the characteristic measured is the diameter of the plates.(mm)SampleNumber Diameter1 302 313 294 335 3491. What is the mean diameter of the optical glass?a) 31.4 mmb) 29.0 mmc) 31.0 mmd) 34.0 mmStatistics 1992. What is the standard deviation of the population?a) 1.00 mmb) 2.07 mmc) 2.22 mmd) 1.22 mm93. The specifications for the glass plates are 30.5 ± 2 mm. What percentage of parts madeby this company will not meet specifications?a) 32.5%b) 5.00%c) 35.0%d) 37.9%94. What percentage of parts will be less than 29.5 mm?a) 17.9%b) 7.21%c) 15.9%d) 24.3%95. What percentage of parts will be greater than 33 mm?a) 78.5%b) 24.3%c) 15.9%d) 22.1%96. The Zoglen Corporation markets a product, which is a blend of 3 ingredients (A, B, C). Ifthe individual tolerances for the weight of the 3 ingredients are as shown, what should the tolerance be for the net weight of the product?A: 40.5 ± 2.236 grams, B: 30.4 ± 2.000 grams, C: 18.1 ± 1.732 gramsa) 89.0 ± 2.443 gramsb) 89.0 ± 3.464 gramsc) 89.0 ± 5.968 gramsd) 89.0 ± 4.732 grams20 QReview Study Questions97. A random sample of size n is to be taken from a large population that has a standarddeviation of 1 inch. The sample size is determined so that there will be a 95% chance that the sample average will be within ±0.1 inch of the true mean. Which of the following values is nearest to the required sample size?a) 385b) 200c) 100d) 4098. All of the following conditions must be met for the process capability to be within thespecification limits excepta) C pk≥ 1.0b) C p≥ 1.0c) C p = C pkd) a stable process.99. A value on the abscissa of the t distribution is 1.093. What is the area to the right of thisvalue if the sample size is 11?a) 0.30b) 0.15c) 0.05d) 0.10100. The spread of individual observations from a normal process capability distribution may be expressed numerically asa) 6R/d2b) 2 x A2Rc) R/d2d) D4R101. What percentage of data will normally fall within a process capability?a) 99.00%b) 99.73%c) 1.00%d) 0.27%Statistics 21 Use the following information to answer problems 102 - 105. A winding machine wraps wire around a metal core to make small transformers. The design engineers have determined that the nominal number of windings are to be 10,060 with a minimum of 10,025 and a maximum of 10,095. A sample of 300 transformers was selected in a three month period and the wire was unwrapped on each part to determine the number of windings. The results were:x = 10,052 windings and s = 10 windings102. What is the process capability?a) 10020 - 10100b) 10052 - 10020c) 10022 - 10082d) 10020 - 10060103. Compute the value of C pa) 30.0b) 10.0c) 0.67d) 1.17104. Compute the value of C pka) 0.90b) 0.72c) 3.22d) 2.67105. What is the expected percent defective?a) 1.00%b) 0.35%c) 2.13%d) 0.49%22 QReview Study Questions Blank PageStatistical Inference 23 STATISTICAL INFERENCE106. Which of the following cannot be a null hypothesis?a) The population means are equal.b) p = 0.5c) The sample means are equal.d) The difference in the population means is 3.85.107. In a sampling distribution which of the following represents the critical region?a) αb) βc) 1 - βd) 1 - α108. In a hypothesis test which of the following represents the acceptance region?a) αb) βc) 1 - βd) 1 - α109. The Chi Square distribution isa) a distribution of averages.b) a distribution of variances.c) a distribution of standard deviations.d) a distribution of frequencies.110. Which of the following is a number derived from sample data that describes the data in some useful way?a) constantb) statisticc) parameterd) critical value111. A null hypothesis assumes that a process is producing no more than the maximum allowable rate of defective items. What does the type II error conclude about theprocess?a) It is producing too many defectives when it actually isn't.b) It is not producing too many defectives when it actually is.c) It is not producing too many defectives when it is not.d) It is producing too many defectives when it is.。

英语教学分类图库-颜色 Colors

Primary colors
Red, yellow, and blue They cannot be created by combining other colors
Tertiary colors
Resulting from mixing a primary and a secondary color, such as red range or blue green
and danger
Crimson: A deep, rich red color, often used to
describe the color of red wine or velvet
"The Scarlet Letter."
Ruby: A deep red color named after the precise gem, often associated with
Green vocabulary and expression
Green The color of nature and life, often associated with envy, jealousy, and money
Lime A bright green color, named after the city frost, often used to describe a fresh and vibrant shade
Color selection in home decoration
Color schemes in interior design
Examining how color schemes are used in interior design to create a desired wood or atmosphere, such as call and relaxation or vibration and energy

Colour fastness to Perspiration

Color fading and alteration can be caused by the reaction between dyes on garments and the constituents of human perspiration, such as skin waste. It varies for different individuals and conditions. Methods for testing fastness levels of dyed materials against perspiration have been established by ISO, AATCC and various other standards. There are cases where more color fading and alteration is caused by depending on the conditions under which garments are worn. Coupled with the eventual accumulation and concentration of perspiration, the reaction with sunlight is regarded as the cause for such occurrences, casting an influence on certain elements in the dye structure. To forecast such occurrences, methods for examining the components of perspiration under different conditions (acid and alkaline pH values) have been suggested by these standards.Colour fastness to Perspiration - Standard Test Methods:This test is designed for use in assessing the fastness of the dyed, printed, or otherwise colored textile yarns and fabrics of all kinds to the effects of human perspiration. The following standard methods are generally employed to assess the perspiration fastness.•ISO 105 – EO4 1994 (Acid and Alkaline perspiration)•AATCC 15:2002 (only Acid perspiration)Summary:Specimens of the textile in contact with the standard multifibre fabric (for colour transfer) are immersed in simulated alkaline and acid solution (see table below for liquor composition), drained and placed between two plates under a specific pressure, temperature and time in a testing device (perspirometer). Any change in colour of the specimens and staining of the multifibre is then assessed with the corresponding Grey scales for colour change and staining.ISO 105 – E04 AATCC 15 – 2002(1994) Chemical compositionAlkaline solution Acid solution Acid solution L- histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate (C 6H 9O 2N 3.HCl.H 2O) 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.25 ± 0.001 g Sodium chloride (NaCl)5.0 g 5.0 g 10 ± 0.01 g5.0 g - - Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dodecahydrate (Na 2HPO 4 .12H 2O) or Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate (Na 2HPO 4.2 H 2O) 2.5 g 2.2 g - Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, anhydrous (Na 2HPO 4) --1 ± 0.01 g Lactic acid (85%) - - 1 ± 0.01 g Total volume 1 litre 1 litre 1 litre pH8.0 5.5 4.3 ± 0.2 Specimen size 100 x 40 mm 60 x 60 mm Test conditions37 ± 2º C for 4 hours undera pressure of 5 kg38 ± 1º C for 6 hours under a pressure of4.54 kgProcedure in brief:Reagents:• Alkaline Solution - Freshly prepared, composition as given in Table above • Acid Solution - Freshly prepared, composition as given in Table aboveTest Specimens• Cut two specimens 100mm x 40mm (one specimen of 60 x 60 cm in AATCC method)along the length or width direction. For multi-coloured fabrics, prints or stripes, all colours of the design should be in contact with all components of the multifibre.• Where it is not possible for all colours to be in contact with all components, more thanone test specimen may need to be prepared.• For fabrics of different shade or fibre composition on face and back, both sides should betested.• Avoid samples within 50 mm of the selvedge.• Cut two pieces of multifibre 40mm wide. The multifibre has selvedges and isapproximately 100mm long. For AATCC method 60 x 60 cm size multifibre fabric is cut.•Align the test specimens and multifibre and sew together along one short edge to forma composite specimen.Test Procedure•Weigh each specimen. Calculate the amount of test solution according to a liquor ratio of 50:1, i.e. 50 ml test solution per 1g of specimen.•Immerse one composite specimen in the alkaline solution and the other in the Acid solution for 30 minutes at room temperature to ensure that the specimens arethoroughly wetted out. (In AATCC method, place the test specimen in a 9 cm diameter and 2 cm deep Petri dish. Add only acid perspiration solution to a depth of 1.5 cm andsoak for 30 min.)•Place each specimen onto a resin plate and draw across with the stirring rod to remove any air bubbles. Place another resin plate on top of the specimen to fully enclose it.Place a maximum of ten specimens into the perspirometer ensuring that each specimen is separated by one resin plate. Use a separate perspirometer for each solution.•(In AATCC method, pass the specimen through the wringer so that it weighs 2.25 ±0.05 times the original weigh. To obtain consistent results all specimens of a givenconstruction in a test series should have identical pickup, as the degree of stainingincreases with the amount of retained solution. Assemble the plates in the perspirometer with the specimens evenly distributed between the plates. Place all 21 plates into theunit regardless of the number of specimens)•Bring the upper pressure plate of the perspirometer down to rest on top of the resin plates and place the weight onto the pressure plate and tighten the securing screws.This is equal to a pressure of 12.5 KPa (5 kg) in between being applied on thespecimens.•Drain off any excess solution.•Place the specimens into the oven at 37 ± 2°C, for 4 hours (38 ± 1ºC, for 6 hours in AATCC method), set a timer for this.•On completion of the test remove the specimens from the oven and separate them from the resin plates.•Open out the specimens, so that they are only in contact at the line of stitching.•Dry the specimens in an incubator or by laying on a screen at a temperature not exceeding 60°CEvaluation of results•After drying, assess the specimens in a colour matching cabinet under D65, artificial daylight.•Assess colour staining of all components on the multifibre using the grey scale for assessing staining.•For multi-coloured prints only assess the worst area of staining on each component.•Assess the change of shade on the original specimen compared to the tested specimen, using the grey scales for assessing change.Some notes on testing•It is sometimes advised that a complete different set of Perspirometers / plates be used for alkaline and acidic perspiration tests. This is recommended so that there is nocontamination between the two.•Some laboratories use different sets of equipment for ISO and AATCC testing for thesame reasons.Case studies:Photograph for representationalpurposes onlyCase 1Gold coloured printing is quite popular due to the unique effects that it can offer to garments. Typically, gold prints are done using inorganic metallic pigments. There was a case where a woven shirt with gold coloured motif print was exported to Europe for a summer season. This article had passed the normal colourfastness tests as specified by the buyer.Unfortunately, the garments were returned by customers with a complaint that the gold motif changed colour to green after use in areas such as the armhole, back where perspiration is excessive. The colour change was irreversible. This problem was investigated and it was found that the print was sensitive to perspiration, possibly because it was a copper based compound. On testing, the print failed colourfastness to perspiration – a test that was not performed as part of the quality control protocol.Investigation revealed the use of a poor quality cheap gold powder which was sensitive to perspiration and turned green. The problem was solved only when the goods were redone using standard gold paste for the printing.Other casesColourfastness to perspiration is often a problem for sportswear. There have been cases where articles for use in sports with poor colourfastness to perspiration have led to staining of undergarments.Similar issues have been seen for industrial work wear where the users often work in conditions where perspiration is a natural occurrence, especially in hot environments such as India.We have also seen problems with ladies undergarments such as brassieres being stained due to poor colourfastness to perspiration of outer garments.These cases show that Colourfastness to perspiration is an important criterion in garment quality evaluation.Squeezing excess liquor from sampleLoading the perspirometer Loaded Perspirometer。

Color transparency 33 years and still running

a rXiv:0711.1625v2[he p-ph]8Jan281Color transparency:33years and still running.M.STRIKMAN Dept.of Physics,Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802,USA I review history of the color transparency (CT)which started with discovery of the J/ψmeson,discovery of high energy CT phenomena and the recent progress in the investigations of CT at intermediate energies.1.Historical introduction One of the distinctive properties of QCD is the suppression of the interac-tion of small size color singlet wave packets with hadrons.It plays a key role in ensuring approximate Bjorken scaling in deep inelastic scattering,in proving QCD factorization theorems for high energy hard exclusive pro-cesses,etc.It leads to a number of color transparency (CT)phenomena in the hard coherent /quasielastic interactions with nuclei at high energies.Also,the CT phenomenon allows to probe minimal small size components in the hadrons.In addition,at intermediate energies CT phenomena pro-vide unique probes of the space time evolution of wave packets which is relevant for interpretation of the RHIC heavy ion collision data.For me the story of CT goes back to the discovery of J/ψ.It was im-possible to explain within the concepts of the pre-QCD theory of strong interactions why the decay width of J/ψis so small,and (this was learned soon after its discovery)why the photoproduction cross section is so small.These issues were subject of numerous discussions between Leonya Frank-furt and Volodya Gribov during the winter of 74-75with VG trying to reconcile J/ψproperties with the soft Pomeron logic and LF arguing that for a system consisting of heavy quarks the radius should be signiﬁcantly smaller than one given by radius of pion emission (this was in contrast to the widely accepted idea at that time due to Fermi,that the radius2of a hadron is determined by the pion cloud and therefore should be ap-proximately universal).More generally LF argued that all matrix elements involving heavy quarks should be suppressed,leading to a strong reductionof the cross section of J/ψ-nucleon interaction(∝1/M2J/ψ)and”an un-usual conclusion that nucleon becomes transparent to the hadrons built of heavy quarks”.1This was a clear break with the strong interaction picture with one soft scale which was discussed before J/ψ.A perturbative model for the interaction of hadrons via two gluon ex-change was applied to J/ψ−N interaction by Gunion and Soper2who demonstrated that within the model the smallness of the J/ψ-nucleon in-teraction is related to the spacial small size of J/ψ.Arguments that the suppression should be present also in the nonperturbative domain were given in3where it was argued also that small J/ψ(ψ′)nucleon cross sec-tion extracted from the photoproduction data using the vector dominance model underestimates the genuine J/ψ−N and especiallyψ′−N cross section by a large factor.An independent development was the discussion of the hard exclusive processes like nucleon form factor,large angle hadron-hadron scattering in the large Q2limit.A debate was going on whether the minimal Fock space components highly localized in space give the dominant contribution in the kinematic range studied experimentally,or the process is dominated by the end point contributions corresponding to quark-gluon conﬁgurations of average size.For a recent review see4.A.Mueller has suggested to use exclusive processes oﬀnuclei,namely large angle reaction pA→pp(A−1)in order to discriminate between the two mechanisms,5while S.Brodsky6made a prediction that the cross of the processπA→πp(A−1)should be proportional to the number of protons in the target.It is feasible to study these processes as well as quasielastic electron-nucleus scattering only in the kinematics where at least one hadron in theﬁnal state has relatively small momentum leading to a need to take into account space time evolution of the quark-gluon wave packets involved in the collision which greatly reduces the CT eﬀect7.This called forﬁnding high energy processes which are dominated by the interaction of hadrons in small size conﬁgurations which could be legit-imately calculated in pQCD and which are not aﬀected by the space-time evolution of small wave packets.A key observation was that,due to the possibility of treating conﬁgurations as frozen during the collision process one can introduce a notion of the cross section of scattering of a small dipole conﬁguration(say q¯q)of transverse size d on the nucleon8,9which in the3leading log approximation is given by10π2σ(d,x)=4two jets.A slightly simpliﬁedﬁnal answer isA(πN→2jets+N)(z,p t,t=0)∝ d2dψq¯qπ(d,z)σq¯q−N(A)(d,s)e ip t d,(2)where z in the light-cone fraction of the pion momentum carried by a quark,ψq¯qπ(z,d)∝z(1−z)d→0is the quark-antiquark Fock component of the meson light cone wave function.Presence of the plane wave factor in theﬁnal state leads to an expectation of an earlier onset of scaling than in the case of the vector meson production where vector meson wave function enters.The FNAL experiment14conﬁrmed key CT predictions of8:a)a strong increase of the cross section of theπ+A→”two jets”+A process with A(A=carbon,and platinum):σ∝A1.61±0.08as compared to the prediction σ∝A1.54∗,b)the z2(1−z)2dependence of the cross section on the fraction of energy z carried by the jet,c)the k t dependence of the cross section. Note that the CT prediction for the A-dependence was a factor of seven diﬀerent from the A-dependence for the soft diﬀraction.In the recent update of the analysis Ashery reported15aﬁt to the z distribution using Gegenbauer polynomials for diﬀerent ranges of p t.For 1.25≤p t≤1.5GeV/c higher order polynomials appear to be important. Since the CT is observed for this p t range as well this indicates that squeez-ing occurs already before the leading term(1−z)z dominates.2.2.Vector meson production at HERAExclusive vector meson production was extensively studied at HERA.The leading twist picture of the process12is,in a sense,a mirror image of the dijet production-virtual longitudinally polarized photonﬁrst transformed to a small transverse size pair which interacts elastically with a target and next transforms to a vector meson.Hence the process is described by the same equation(2)as for pion case with a substitution of the plane wave q¯q wave function by the q¯q wave function of the longitudinally polarized virtual photon.The extensive studies of the vector meson production were performed at HERA.Several of the theoretical predictions were conﬁrmed including fast x-dependence of the process at large Q2,consistent with the x-dependence of G2N(x,Q2eff),and convergence of the t-dependence to the universal one5 at large Q2eff where it is given by the two gluon form factor.At the same time the data conﬁrm a conclusion of the model studies16that in a wide range of virtualities one needs to take into account a higher twist eﬀect of theﬁnite transverse size ofγL to explain the absolute cross section and t-dependence of the data.The leading twist dominance for the absolute cross section for all mesons and for the t-dependence for light mesons requires very large Q2since only in this case one can neglect the transverse size of the q¯q pair inγL as compared to that in the meson wave function.The same mechanism leads to Q2eff/Q2≪1even at large Q2.To summarize this section.The presence of small size q¯q Fock compo-nents in light mesons is unambiguously established.At transverse separa-tions d≤0.3fm pQCD reasonably describes small”q¯q-dipole”-nucleon interactions for10−4<x<10−2.Color transparency is established for the small dipole interaction with nuclei for x∼10−2.Further studies of high energy CT and onset of color opacity will be performed at LHC in the ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions,see17for a review.3.Color transparency for intermediate energies3.1.Expansion eﬀectsIn this section we discuss searches for CT at Jlab and BNL which correspond to the kinematics where the expansion/contraction of the interacting small system is very important(essential longitudinal distances are not large enough for using of the frozen approximation)and strongly suppresses color transparency eﬀect7,18.The maximal longitudinal distance for which coherence eﬀects are still present is determined by the minimal characteristic internal excitation en-ergies of the hadron h.The estimates7,18show that for the case of a nucleon ejectile coherence is completely lost at the distances l c∼0.3÷0.4fm·p h, where p h is measured in GeV/c†To describe the eﬀect of the loss of coherence two complementary lan-guages were suggested.In Ref.7based on the quark-gluon representation of point-like conﬁguration(PLC)wave function it was argued that the main eﬀect is quantum diﬀusion of the wave packet so thatZσP LC(Z)=(σhard+†It is of interest that a much larger value of l c/p h is assumed in modeling of heavy ion collisions at RHIC.6This equation is justiﬁed for an early stage of time development in the leading logarithmic approximation when perturbative QCD can be applied. Also,one can expect that Eq.(3)smoothly interpolates between the hard and soft regimes.A sudden change ofσP LC would be inconsistent with the observation of an early(relatively low Q2)Bjorken scaling19.Eq.(3) implicitly incorporates the geometric scaling for the PLC-nucleon interac-tions which for the discussed energy range includes nonperturbative eﬀects.The time development of the P LC can also be obtained by its interac-tion with a nucleus using a baryonic basis for the wave function of PLC:|ΨP LC(t) =Σ∞i=1a i exp(iE i t)|Ψi ==exp(iE1t)Σ∞i=1a i exp i(m2i−m21)t7 initial indications of the non-monotonous energy dependence of the trans-parency.This is because the drop of the transparency occurs over a large range of s′:24GeV2≤s′≤30GeV2which is too broad for a resonance21 or for interference of quark exchange and Landshoﬀmechanisms22,23.In any case the trend,if conﬁrmed by future data,would strongly sug-gest that the leading power quark exchange mechanism of elastic scattering dominates only at very large energies.This is consistent with the recent data from Jlab studies of the large angle Compton scattering.These data are not described by the minimal Fock space quark counting rule mecha-nism,while they agree well with predictions based on dominance of the box diagram contribution4,24.3.3.Color transparency in meson productionIt is natural to expect that it is easier to reach CT regime for the interac-tion/production of mesons than for baryons since only two quarks have to come close together.The J/ψcoherent and quasielastic photoproduction experiments did ﬁnd a weak absorption of J/ψindicating presence of CT.There was also evidence for CT in theρ-meson production.However these experiments did not have good enough resolution in the missing mass to suppress hadron production in the nucleus vertex,making interpretation of these experi-ments somewhat ambiguous.A high resolution experiment of pion production recently reported ev-idence for the onset of CT25in the process eA→eπ+A∗.In the chosen kinematics pπ q which minimizes contribution of the elastic rescattering. The coherent length deﬁned as the distance between the point whereγ∗con-verted to a q¯q and where q¯q interacts with a nucleon-l in=(Q2+M2q¯q/2q0) is small for the kinematics of25and varies weakly with Q2.This simpli-ﬁes interpretation of the Q2dependence of the transparency as compared to the case of small x where l in becomes comparable to the nucleus size. The experimental results agree well with predictions of26where CT was calculated based on the quantum diﬀusion model-Eq.(3).It is worth emphasizing also,that in the Jlab kinematics one probes large x processes,which are dominated for the pion case(and probably also for theρ-meson case)in the pQCD limit by the contribution of the ERBL region.In this case l in has a diﬀerent meaning than for small x processes where the DGLAP region dominates.It corresponds to the longitudinal distance between the point whereγ∗knocks out a q¯q pair from the nucleon and the nucleon center.This distance can be both positive and negative,and8hence its variation does not lead to a change of the rate of the absorption of the produced pair by the other nucleons.Results for theρ-meson production where also reported at this work-shop.27To interpret this experiment one needs to take into account the eﬀect of absorption due to decays ofρ0to two pions inside the nucleus, and the elastic rescattering contribution which is more important in this case than in the pion experiment since the data are integrated over a large range of the transverse momenta of theρmeson.28Up to these eﬀects,we expect similar transparency for this reaction and forπ-meson production.4.Directions for the future studies at JlabThere are already approved plans for extending CT studies of the A(e,e’p), A(e,e’π)reactions to much higher energies at12GeV.This willﬁnally allow to reach kinematics where l c is larger than the interaction length for a nucleon/pion in the nuclear media.A complementary strategy is to use processes where multiple rescatter-ings dominate in light nuclei(2H,3He)which allows to suppress the expan-sion eﬀects.An additional advantage of these processes is that one can use for the calculations generalized eikonal approximation,see review in.29In particular,these reactions are well suited to search for a precursor of CT -suppression of the conﬁgurations in nucleons with pion cloud in the hard processes like the nucleon form factors at relatively small Q2≥1GeV2-chiral transparency.30The simplest reaction of this kind is production of a slow∆isobar in the process e2H→e+p+∆0which should be suppressed in the chiral transparency regime.Two other examples are(i)large angleγ+N→”meson”+N reac-tion in nuclei where one shouldﬁrst look for a change of A-dependence from∝A1/3to∝A2/3already in the region where expansion eﬀects are large due to transition from the vector dominance regime to the regime of point-like photon interaction in which photon penetrates to any point in the nucleus,(ii)A-dependence of virtual compton scattering,namely at what Q2transition from vector dominance regime to the CT regime occurs. HERMES data are consistent with our prediction based on CT and closure -but accuracy of the data is moderate.To summarize,the high energy CT is well established and will be further studied at LHC and EIC.It is likely that Jlab experiments at12GeV will observe signiﬁcant CT eﬀects for the processes with meson production and will provide allow a decisive test of whether nucleon form factors at Q2∼15GeV2are dominated by PLC or meanﬁeld conﬁgurations.CT will9 allow also to establish interplay between soft and hard physics for many other exclusive large momentum transfer processes at Jlab,EIC,LHC as well as at hadronic factories J-PARC,FAIR.I thank my collaborators on the studies of CT phenomena for numerous discussions.References1.L.L.Frankfurt and V.A.Khoze,in Proceedings of10th LNPI Winter School,Leningrad,USSR,1975,v2,pp196-408;Yad.Fiz.23926(1976).2.J.F.Gunion and D.E.Soper,Phys.Rev.D15,2617(1977).3.L.L.Frankfurt and M.I.Strikman,Nucl.Phys.B250,143(1985).4. A.V.Radyushkin,arXiv:hep-ph/0409215.5. A.H.Mueller in Proceedings of17th rencontre de Moriond,Moriond,1982ed.J Tran Thanh Van(Editions Frontieres,Gif-sur-Yvette,France,1982) Vol.I,p.13.6.S.J.Brodsky in Proceedings of the13th Int’l Symposium on MultiparticleDynamics,ed.W.Kittel,W.Metzger and A.Stergiou(World Scientiﬁc, Singapore1982,)p.963.7.G.R.Farrar,H.Liu,L.L.Frankfurt&M.I.Strikman,Phys.Rev.Lett.61686(1988).8.L.Frankfurt,ler and M.Strikman,Phys.Lett.B304,1(1993).9. B.Blaettel,G.Baym,L.L.Frankfurt and M.Strikman,Phys.Rev.Lett.70,896(1993).10.L.Frankfurt,ler and M.Strikman,Phys.Rev.D65,094015(2002).L.Frankfurt,ler and M.Strikman,Found.Phys.30,533(2000).ler,In*Close,Frank(ed.)et al.:Electromagnetic interactions andhadronic structure*457-49412.S.J.Brodsky,L.Frankfurt,J.F.Gunion,A.H.Mueller and M.Strikman,Phys.Rev.D50,3134(1994).13.J.C.Collins,L.Frankfurt and M.Strikman,Phys.Rev.D56,2982(1997).14. E.M.Aitala et al.[E791Collaboration],Phys.Rev.Lett.86,4768(2001),ibid86,4773(2001).15. D.Ashery,Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.161,8(2006).16.L.Frankfurt,W.Koepf and M.Strikman,Phys.Rev.D54,3194(1996),ibid D57,512(1998).17.K.Hencken et al.,arXiv:0706.3356[nucl-ex].18. B.K.Jennings and ler,Phys.Lett.B236209(1990),Phys.Rev.D44692(1991),Phys.Rev.Lett.703619(1992).19.L.L.Frankfurt and M.I.Strikman,Phys.Rept.160,235(1988).20.J.L.S.Aclander et al.,Phys.Rev.C70,015208(2004).21.S.J.Brodsky and G.F.de Teramond,Phys.Rev.Lett.60,1924(1988).22.J.P.Ralston and B.Pire,Phys.Rev.Lett.61,1823(1988).23.P.Jain,B.Pire and J.P.Ralston,Phys.Rept.271,67(1996)24. A.Danagoulian et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.98,152001(2007).25. B.Clasie et al.,arXiv:0707.1481[nucl-ex].1026. rson,ler and M.Strikman,Phys.Rev.C74,018201(2006).27.K.Haﬁdi,contribution to the proceeding of the workshop.28.L.Frankfurt,ler and M.Strikman,in preparation.29.M.M.Sargsian,Int.J.Mod.Phys.E10,405(2001).30.L.Frankfurt,T.S.H.Lee,ler and M.Strikman,Phys.Rev.C55,909(1997).。

颜色影响购买决定的英语作文

颜色影响购买决定的英语作文英文回答：Colors play a significant role in shaping purchasing decisions, influencing consumer preferences and driving sales. Here are some key ways in which colors impact consumer behavior:1. Emotional Impact:Colors evoke strong emotions and associations. For instance, red is often associated with excitement and urgency, while blue conveys calmness and trust. By incorporating specific colors into their packaging or branding, businesses can tap into these emotions and create desired psychological responses in consumers.2. Cognitive Association:Colors are also linked to specific concepts andmeanings. Green is often perceived as environmentally friendly, while yellow is associated with happiness and optimism. By selecting colors that align with the desired brand image, businesses can create quick and effortless recognition and understanding among consumers.3. Cultural Context:Colors have different meanings and associations across cultures. In Western cultures, white is often associated with purity, while in some Eastern cultures, it signifies mourning. It is crucial for businesses to consider the cultural context in which their products will be marketed to ensure that colors are appropriately chosen.4. Brand Recognition:Colors can be instrumental in building brand recognition and solidifying brand identity. Think of the iconic red and white of Coca-Cola or the bright yellow of McDonald's. By consistently using specific colors in their marketing materials and products, businesses create avisual cue that consumers can easily identify and associate with the brand.5. Impulse Purchases:Certain colors have been found to trigger impulse purchases. Studies have shown that people are more likely to make spontaneous purchases when presented with products in packaging that features bright or contrasting colorslike red, orange, or yellow.中文回答：颜色对购买决策的影响。

The Formation of Coral Reefs and Atolls

The Formation of Coral Reefs and Atolls Coral reefs and atolls are some of the most fascinating and diverse ecosystems on the planet. They are formed from the accumulation of calcium carbonate exoskeletons of coral polyps, which are tiny, invertebrate animals that live in colonies. These structures provide a habitat for a wide variety of marine life, including fish, invertebrates, and algae. The formation of coral reefs and atolls is a complex process that involves geological, biological, and environmental factors.One of the key factors in the formation of coral reefs and atolls is the presence of suitable substrate for coral growth. Coral polyps require a hard surface on which to attach and grow, and they typically thrive in warm, shallow, clear waters. As the polyps grow and reproduce, they form colonies that eventually build up into large, solid structures. Over time, the accumulation of coral skeletons creates the framework for a reef or atoll.The geological processes that contribute to the formation of coral reefs and atolls are also important to consider. Reefs often form along the edges of continents or around volcanic islands, where the ocean floor is relatively shallow. As the Earth's tectonic plates shift and move, these areas can experience changes in sea level and land elevation, which can impact the growth and development of coral reefs. Additionally, the presence of ocean currents and wave action can influence the shape and structure of reefs, as well as the distribution of coral species.In addition to geological factors, biological processes play a crucial role in the formation of coral reefs and atolls. Coral polyps rely on a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae, which live within their tissues and provide them with essential nutrients. This relationship allows corals to thrive in nutrient-poor waters, but it also makes them sensitive to environmental stressors such as changes in temperature and water quality. When corals are stressed, they can expel their zooxanthellae, a process known as coral bleaching, which can have devastating effects on reef ecosystems.The environmental conditions in which coral reefs and atolls form and grow are also significant. These ecosystems are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions, wherethe water is warm and clear. The availability of sunlight is crucial for the photosynthetic processes of both corals and their symbiotic algae, so reefs are most commonly found in shallow waters where light can penetrate. Additionally, the stability of water temperature and chemistry is important for the health and growth of coral reefs, as they are sensitive to changes in conditions such as ocean acidification and pollution.Human activities also play a role in the formation and degradation of coral reefs and atolls. Overfishing, destructive fishing practices, coastal development, and pollution can all have negative impacts on reef ecosystems. Additionally, climate change is a major threat to coral reefs, as rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification are causing widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Conservation efforts, such as marine protected areas and sustainable fishing practices, are essential for the preservation of these valuable and vulnerable ecosystems.In conclusion, the formation of coral reefs and atolls is a complex and dynamic process that involves a combination of geological, biological, and environmental factors. These ecosystems are not only incredibly diverse and beautiful, but they also provide important ecological and economic benefits. Understanding the processes that shape coral reefs and atolls is crucial for their conservation and management, especially in the face of growing threats from human activities and climate change. As stewards of the natural world, it is our responsibility to protect and preserve these irreplaceable ecosystems for future generations.。

溶液颜色检查法的英文

溶液颜色检查法的英文Solution Color Inspection Method.The solution color inspection method is a fundamental analytical technique used in various fields of chemistry and related disciplines. This method involves observing the color of a solution to determine its composition or concentration of specific compounds. The color of asolution can be affected by the presence of dissolved substances, which absorb or reflect specific wavelengths of light. By comparing the observed color with known standards or references, analysts can gain valuable insights into the nature and concentration of the compounds present in the solution.Principles of Solution Color Inspection.The principle behind solution color inspection is based on the interaction of light with matter. When light passes through a solution, it interacts with the dissolvedcompounds, resulting in absorption, reflection, or scattering of specific wavelengths. The absorbed wavelengths determine the color of the solution, while the transmitted or reflected wavelengths contribute to its appearance.The absorption of light by a compound is governed byits molecular structure and electronic configuration. Different compounds absorb different wavelengths, resulting in unique color signatures. By comparing the color of atest solution with known standards, analysts can identify the presence of specific compounds or determine their concentration.Applications of Solution Color Inspection.Solution color inspection has a wide range of applications in various fields. Some of the common applications include:1. Qualitative Analysis: Solution color inspection is often used in qualitative analysis to identify the presenceof specific ions or compounds. For example, the presence of iron(II) ions can be detected by the characteristic green color of the solution when exposed to air.2. Quantitative Analysis: By comparing the color of a test solution with a standard color scale or using spectrophotometric methods, analysts can determine the concentration of a compound. This is particularly useful in fields like environmental monitoring, where precise measurements of pollutant concentrations are crucial.3. Indicator Use: Solutions containing dyes or other color-changing agents are widely used as indicators in titrations and other analytical procedures. The color change observed during these reactions provides valuable information about the progress of the reaction and the endpoint.4. Pharmaceutical Analysis: Solution color inspectionis commonly used in pharmaceutical analysis to ensure the quality and purity of drugs. By comparing the color of a drug solution with specified standards, analysts can detectimpurities or deviations from the expected formula.Advantages and Limitations.Solution color inspection offers several advantages, including simplicity, cost-effectivenesss, and rapid results. However, it also has some limitations that need to be considered.Advantages:Simplicity: Solution color inspection is a straightforward technique that does not require complex instrumentation or highly skilled personnel.Cost-Effectiveness: This method is relatively inexpensive compared to some advanced analytical techniques, making it suitable for routine applications.Rapid Results: Color changes can be observed quickly, allowing for rapid decision-making in some situations.Limitations:Subjectivity: The interpretation of color changes can be subjective, leading to variations in results between different observers.Interference: The presence of other compounds in the solution can interfere with color development, affectingthe accuracy of the results.Limited Quantification: While solution colorinspection can provide qualitative information, it is generally less accurate for quantitative measurements compared to spectrophotometric methods.Conclusion.Solution color inspection is a valuable tool in analytical chemistry, providing a rapid and cost-effective means of identifying and quantifying compounds in solutions. Its simplicity and widespread use have made it an essential part of laboratory practices in various fields. However, itis important to consider its limitations and use it judiciously, combining it with other analytical techniques as needed to obtain accurate and reliable results.。

1998年考研真题英语一试卷

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[DJ predicted [DJ normal [DJ immediate [DJ magnitude [DJ By [DJ completely [DJ moreover [DJ for [DJ speculated [DJ marked
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 1 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 2 man. But they insisted that its_3_ results during the period from 15 7 0 to 15 8 0 were widespread poverty and misery for the 4 of the English population. 5 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 6 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

英语-颜色学习课件

Basic Concepts and
01 Classification of Colors
Color Definition and Visual Principles
Definition of Color
Color is a visual perception result from the reflection or emission of light waves with different wavelengths It is an essential attribute of objects and environments that affects our mood, emotions, and behavior
Common English
02 vocabulary and expressions for colors
Basic Color English Vocabulary
01
02
03
Red
A bright, intensive
color that is often
associated
with
passage, love, and
Visual Principles
The perception of color is based on three fundamental principles - hue, saturation, and brightness Hue refers to the actual color or shade, saturation determines the intensity or purity of the color, and brightness represents the lightness or darkness of the color

专八英语阅读

英语专业八级考试TEM-8阅读理解练习册（1）(英语专业2012级)UNIT 1Text AEvery minute of every day, what ecologist生态学家James Carlton calls a global ―conveyor belt‖, redistributes ocean organisms生物.It’s planetwide biological disruption生物的破坏that scientists have barely begun to understand.Dr. Carlton —an oceanographer at Williams College in Williamstown,Mass.—explains that, at any given moment, ―There are several thousand marine species traveling… in the ballast water of ships.‖ These creatures move from coastal waters where they fit into the local web of life to places where some of them could tear that web apart. This is the larger dimension of the infamous无耻的，邪恶的invasion of fish-destroying, pipe-clogging zebra mussels有斑马纹的贻贝.Such voracious贪婪的invaders at least make their presence known. What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack of knowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders that quietly enter coastal waters around the world every day. Many of them probably just die out. Some benignly亲切地，仁慈地—or even beneficially — join the local scene. But some will make trouble.In one sense, this is an old story. Organisms have ridden ships for centuries. They have clung to hulls and come along with cargo. What’s new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible by the massive volume of ship-ballast water压载水— taken in to provide ship stability—continuously moving around the world…Ships load up with ballast water and its inhabitants in coastal waters of one port and dump the ballast in another port that may be thousands of kilometers away. A single load can run to hundreds of gallons. Some larger ships take on as much as 40 million gallons. The creatures that come along tend to be in their larva free-floating stage. When discharged排出in alien waters they can mature into crabs, jellyfish水母, slugs鼻涕虫，蛞蝓, and many other forms.Since the problem involves coastal species, simply banning ballast dumps in coastal waters would, in theory, solve it. Coastal organisms in ballast water that is flushed into midocean would not survive. Such a ban has worked for North American Inland Waterway. But it would be hard to enforce it worldwide. Heating ballast water or straining it should also halt the species spread. But before any such worldwide regulations were imposed, scientists would need a clearer view of what is going on.The continuous shuffling洗牌of marine organisms has changed the biology of the sea on a global scale. It can have devastating effects as in the case of the American comb jellyfish that recently invaded the Black Sea. It has destroyed that sea’s anchovy鳀鱼fishery by eating anchovy eggs. It may soon spread to western and northern European waters.The maritime nations that created the biological ―conveyor belt‖ should support a coordinated international effort to find out what is going on and what should be done about it. (456 words)1.According to Dr. Carlton, ocean organism‟s are_______.A.being moved to new environmentsB.destroying the planetC.succumbing to the zebra musselD.developing alien characteristics2.Oceanographers海洋学家are concerned because_________.A.their knowledge of this phenomenon is limitedB.they believe the oceans are dyingC.they fear an invasion from outer-spaceD.they have identified thousands of alien webs3.According to marine ecologists, transplanted marinespecies____________.A.may upset the ecosystems of coastal watersB.are all compatible with one anotherC.can only survive in their home watersD.sometimes disrupt shipping lanes4.The identified cause of the problem is_______.A.the rapidity with which larvae matureB. a common practice of the shipping industryC. a centuries old speciesD.the world wide movement of ocean currents5.The article suggests that a solution to the problem__________.A.is unlikely to be identifiedB.must precede further researchC.is hypothetically假设地，假想地easyD.will limit global shippingText BNew …Endangered‟ List Targets Many US RiversIt is hard to think of a major natural resource or pollution issue in North America today that does not affect rivers.Farm chemical runoff残渣, industrial waste, urban storm sewers, sewage treatment, mining, logging, grazing放牧,military bases, residential and business development, hydropower水力发电,loss of wetlands. The list goes on.Legislation like the Clean Water Act and Wild and Scenic Rivers Act have provided some protection, but threats continue.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported yesterday that an assessment of 642,000 miles of rivers and streams showed 34 percent in less than good condition. In a major study of the Clean Water Act, the Natural Resources Defense Council last fall reported that poison runoff impairs损害more than 125,000 miles of rivers.More recently, the NRDC and Izaak Walton League warned that pollution and loss of wetlands—made worse by last year’s flooding—is degrading恶化the Mississippi River ecosystem.On Tuesday, the conservation group保护组织American Rivers issued its annual list of 10 ―endangered‖ and 20 ―threatened‖ rivers in 32 states, the District of Colombia, and Canada.At the top of the list is the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone River, whereCanadian mining firms plan to build a 74-acre英亩reservoir水库，蓄水池as part of a gold mine less than three miles from Yellowstone National Park. The reservoir would hold the runoff from the sulfuric acid 硫酸used to extract gold from crushed rock.―In the event this tailings pond failed, the impact to th e greater Yellowstone ecosystem would be cataclysmic大变动的，灾难性的and the damage irreversible不可逆转的.‖ Sen. Max Baucus of Montana, chairman of the Environment and Public Works Committee, wrote to Noranda Minerals Inc., an owner of the ― New World Mine‖.Last fall, an EPA official expressed concern about the mine and its potential impact, especially the plastic-lined storage reservoir. ― I am unaware of any studies evaluating how a tailings pond尾矿池，残渣池could be maintained to ensure its structural integrity forev er,‖ said Stephen Hoffman, chief of the EPA’s Mining Waste Section. ―It is my opinion that underwater disposal of tailings at New World may present a potentially significant threat to human health and the environment.‖The results of an environmental-impact statement, now being drafted by the Forest Service and Montana Department of State Lands, could determine the mine’s future…In its recent proposal to reauthorize the Clean Water Act, the Clinton administration noted ―dramatically improved water quality since 1972,‖ when the act was passed. But it also reported that 30 percent of riverscontinue to be degraded, mainly by silt泥沙and nutrients from farm and urban runoff, combined sewer overflows, and municipal sewage城市污水. Bottom sediments沉积物are contaminated污染in more than 1,000 waterways, the administration reported in releasing its proposal in January. Between 60 and 80 percent of riparian corridors (riverbank lands) have been degraded.As with endangered species and their habitats in forests and deserts, the complexity of ecosystems is seen in rivers and the effects of development----beyond the obvious threats of industrial pollution, municipal waste, and in-stream diversions改道to slake消除the thirst of new communities in dry regions like the Southwes t…While there are many political hurdles障碍ahead, reauthorization of the Clean Water Act this year holds promise for US rivers. Rep. Norm Mineta of California, who chairs the House Committee overseeing the bill, calls it ―probably the most important env ironmental legislation this Congress will enact.‖ (553 words)6.According to the passage, the Clean Water Act______.A.has been ineffectiveB.will definitely be renewedC.has never been evaluatedD.was enacted some 30 years ago7.“Endangered” rivers are _________.A.catalogued annuallyB.less polluted than ―threatened rivers‖C.caused by floodingD.adjacent to large cities8.The “cataclysmic” event referred to in paragraph eight would be__________.A. fortuitous偶然的，意外的B. adventitious外加的，偶然的C. catastrophicD. precarious不稳定的，危险的9. The owners of the New World Mine appear to be______.A. ecologically aware of the impact of miningB. determined to construct a safe tailings pondC. indifferent to the concerns voiced by the EPAD. willing to relocate operations10. The passage conveys the impression that_______.A. Canadians are disinterested in natural resourcesB. private and public environmental groups aboundC. river banks are erodingD. the majority of US rivers are in poor conditionText CA classic series of experiments to determine the effects ofoverpopulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scientific American. The experiments were conducted by a psychologist, John B. Calhoun and his associates. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulated communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density: They showed deviant异常的maternal behavior; they did not behave as mother rats normally do. In fact, many of the pups幼兽，幼崽, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor maternal care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups,and, without their mothers' care, the pups died. Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered pathologically 病理上，病理学地diseased.The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they were not as seriously affected by overpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male,female, and immature rats. This deviant behavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the general overcrowding in the enclosure.Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, likeall the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation.The behavior of the non-dominant males and of the other components of the rat population has parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun's experiments. In large urban areas such as New York City, London, Mexican City, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. The quantity of other forms of social pathology such as murder, rape, and robbery also frequently occur in densely populated human communities. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.11. Paragraph l is organized according to__________.A. reasonsB. descriptionC. examplesD. definition12．Calhoun stabilized the rat population_________.A. when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB. by removing young ratsC. at a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD. all of the above are correct13.W hich of the following inferences CANNOT be made from theinformation inPara. 1?A. Calhoun's experiment is still considered important today.B. Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C. Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding.D. Calhoun had experimented with rats before.14. Which of the following behavior didn‟t happen in this experiment?A. All the male rats exhibited pathological behavior.B. Mother rats abandoned their pups.C. Female rats showed deviant maternal behavior.D. Mother rats left their rat babies alone.15. The main idea of the paragraph three is that __________.A. dominant males had adequate living spaceB. dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the otherratsC. dominant males attacked weaker ratsD. the strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditionsText DThe first mention of slavery in the statutes法令，法规of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us, that the status of B lack people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique批判of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanation for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of white servants was improving relative to that of black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that t he White servant’s position was improving, during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’ interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this shouldnot overshadow evidence from the 1630’s on that points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.The possibility has important ramifications后果，影响.If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America—such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality— explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something. A more compelling令人信服的explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed. (462 words)16. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn from the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures” (Para.2) passed during and after the 1660‟s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black as wellas of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been before the 1660’s.C. The acts had a different effect on the position of white servants thandid many of the acts passed during this time by the legislatures of other colonies.D. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servants toremain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.17. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660‟s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, black people had a higherlegal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, black people,like many white people, possessed the legal status of servants.18. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often the form of the imposition of inheritedstatus, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.19. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception ofslavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of _________.A. extending rather than causing racial prejudice in these coloniesB. hastening the legalization of slavery in these colonies.C. mitigating some of the conditions of slavery for black people in these coloniesD. delaying the introduction of slavery into the English colonies20. The author considers the explanation put forward by Freyre andTannenbaum for the treatment accorded B lack slaves in the English colonies of North America to be _____________.A. ambitious but misguidedB. valid有根据的but limitedC. popular but suspectD. anachronistic过时的，时代错误的and controversialUNIT 2Text AThe sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine-girt, lonely shores of Orr’s Island. Tall, kingly spruce s wore their regal王室的crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum流出的树胶; vast old hemlocks铁杉of primeval原始的growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss久远的青苔;while feathery larches羽毛般的落叶松,turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy朦胧的, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the fainest kiss of the wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and soft swathing一长条bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear-cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over,--- the tread鞋底的花纹/ 踏of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again,--- each footstep lighter and more unconstrained不受拘束的as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful of Life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal ―tick-tock, tick-tock,‖ in the kitchen of the brown house on Orr’s Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt,---such as settles down on a dwelling住处when any of its inmates have passed through its doors for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart-shaped hole in the window-shutter,---for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, hearth灶台, and oven on one side, and rows of old-fashioned splint-bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten, ---a great sea-chest水手用的储物箱,which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered破旧的，磨损的, and unsightly难看的it looked, yet report said that there was good store within which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and, indeed it proved often when a deed of grace was to be done--- when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale大风，狂风, or a fishing-smack小渔船was run down in the fogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans,---in all such cases, the opening of this sea-chest was an event of good omen 预兆to the bereaved丧亲者;for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt有…的倾向to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the ark of the covenant约柜could not have been looked on with more reverence崇敬than the neighbours usually showed to Captain Pennel’s sea-chest.1. The author describes Orr‟s Island in a(n)______way.A.emotionally appealing, imaginativeB.rational, logically preciseC.factually detailed, objectiveD.vague, uncertain2.According to the passage, the “best room”_____.A.has its many windows boarded upB.has had the furniture removedC.is used only on formal and ceremonious occasionsD.is the busiest room in the house3.From the description of the kitchen we can infer that thehouse belongs to people who_____.A.never have guestsB.like modern appliancesC.are probably religiousD.dislike housework4.The passage implies that_______.A.few people attended the funeralB.fishing is a secure vocationC.the island is densely populatedD.the house belonged to the deceased5.From the description of Zephaniah we can see thathe_________.A.was physically a very big manB.preferred the lonely life of a sailorC.always stayed at homeD.was frugal and saved a lotText BBasic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country' s impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada's history, in the decade before 1911 when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families; In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world. After the peak year of 1957, thebirth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer, more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through theWestern world since the time of the Industrial Revolution. Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the cent), another increase in the first half of the 1960s was only nine percent), another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.6. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Educational changes in Canadian society.B. Canada during the Second World War.C. Population trends in postwar Canada.D. Standards of living in Canada.7. According to the passage, when did Canada's baby boom begin?A. In the decade after 1911.B. After 1945.C. During the depression of the 1930s.D. In 1966.8. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950s____________.A. the urban population decreased rapidlyB. fewer people marriedC. economic conditions were poorD. the birth rate was very high9. When was the birth rate in Canada at its lowest postwar level?A. 1966.B. 1957.C. 1956.D. 1951.10. The author mentions all of the following as causes of declines inpopulation growth after 1957 EXCEPT_________________.A. people being better educatedB. people getting married earlierC. better standards of livingD. couples buying houses11.I t can be inferred from the passage that before the IndustrialRevolution_______________.A. families were largerB. population statistics were unreliableC. the population grew steadilyD. economic conditions were badText CI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit punchy强力的but still champ焦急as fast as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry责难what they see as outside forces running roughshod肆意践踏over the old Harlem. New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching抓取，攫取at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem---the New York Amsterdam News---when a tourist。

TPO听力27-30

TPO-27Conversation 11. Why does the woman go to the information desk?●She does not know where the library computers are located.●She does not know how to use a computer to locate the information she needs.●She does not have time to wait until a library computer becomes available.●The book she is looking for was missing from the library shelf.2. Why does the man assume that the woman is in Professor Simpson’s class?●The man recently saw the woman talking with Professor Simpson.●The woman mentioned Profe ssor Simpson’s name.●The woman is carrying the textbook used in Professor Simpson’s class.●The woman is researching a subject that Professor Simpson specialized in.3. What can be inferred about the geology course the woman is taking?●It has led the woman to choose geology as her major course of study.●It is difficult to follow without a background in chemistry and physics.●The woman thinks it is easier than other science courses.●The woman thinks the course is boring.4. What topic does the woman need information on?●The recent activity of a volcano in New Zealand●Various types of volcanoes found in New Zealand●All volcanoes in New Zealand that are still active●How people in New Zealand have prepared for volcanic eruptions5. What does the man imply about the article when he says this:●It may not contain enough background material.●It is part of a series of articles.●It might be too old to be useful.●It is the most recent article published on the subject.Lecture 16. What is the lecture mainly about?●The transplantation of young coral to new reef sites●Efforts to improve the chances of survival of coral reefs●The effects of water temperature change on coral reefs●Confirming the reasons behind the decline of coral reefs7. According to the professor, how might researchers predict the onset of coral bleaching in the future?●By monitoring populations of coral predators●By monitoring bleach-resistant coral species●By monitoring sea surface temperatures●By monitoring degraded reefs that have recovered8. Wh at is the professor’s opinion about coral transplantation?●It is cost-effective.●It is a long-term solution.●It is producing encouraging results.●It does not solve the underlying problems.9. Why does the professor discuss refugia? [Choose two answers]●To explain that the location of coral within a reef affects the coral’s ability to survive●To point out why some coral species are more susceptible to bleaching than others●To suggest that bleaching is not as detrimental to coral health as first thought●To illustrate the importance of studying coral that has a low vulnerability to bleaching10. What does the professor imply about the impact of mangrove forests on coral-reef ecosystems?●Mangrove forests provide habitat for wildlife that feed on coral predators.●Mangrove forests improve the water quality of nearby reefs.●Mangrove forests can produce sediments that pollute coral habitats.●Mangrove forests compete with nearby coral reefs for certain nutrients.11. According to the professor, what effect do lobsters and sea urchins have on a coral reef?●They protect a reef by feeding on destructive organisms.●They hard a reef by taking away important nutrients.●They filter pollutants from water around a reef.●They prevent a reef from growing by preying on young corals.Lecture 212. What does the professor mainly discuss?●Some special techniques used by the makers of vintage Cremonese violins●How the acoustical quality of the violin was improved over time●Factors that may be responsible for the beautiful tone of Cremonese violins●Some criteria that professional violinists use when selecting their instruments13. What does the professor imply about the best modern violin makers?●They are unable to recreate the high quality varnish used by Cremonese violin makers.●Their craftsmanship is comparable to that of the Cremonese violin makers.●They use wood from the same trees that were used to make the Cremonese violins.●Many of them also compose music for the violin.14. Why does the professor discuss the growth cycle of trees?●To clarify how modern violin makers select wood●To highlight a similarity between vintage and modern violins●To explain why tropical wood cannot be used to make violins●To explain what causes variations in density in a piece of wood15. What factor accounts for the particular density differential of the wood used in the Cremonese violins?●The trees that produced the wood were harvested in the spring●The trees that produced the wood grew in an unusually cool climate●The wood was allowed to partially decay before being made into violins●.The wood was coated with a local varnish before it was crafted into violins16. The professor describes and experiment in which wood was exposed to a fungus before being made into a violin. What point does the professor make about the fungus?●It decomposes only certain parts of the wood.●It is found only in the forests of northern Italy.●It was recently discovered in a vintage Cremonese violin.●It decomposes only certain species of trees.17. Why does the professor say this:●To find out how much exposure students have had to live classical music●To use student experiences to support his point about audience members●To indicate that instruments are harder to master than audience members realize●To make a point about the beauty of violin musicConversation 21. Why has the student come to see the professor?●To find out her reaction to a paper he recently submitted●To point out a factual error in an article the class was assigned to read●To ask about the suitability of a topic he wants to write about●To ask about the difference between chinampas and hydroponics2. What does the professor imply about hydroponics?●It was probably invented by the Aztecs.●It is a relatively modern development in agriculture.●It requires soil that is rich in nutrients.●It is most successful when extremely pure water is used.3. Why does the professor describe how chinampas were made?●To emphasize that the topic selected for a paper needs to be more specific●To encourage the student to do more research●To point out how much labor was required to build chinampas●To explain why crops grown on chinampas should not be considered hydroponic4. What does the professor think about the article the student mentions?●She is convinced that it is not completely accurate.●She believes it was written for readers with scientific backgrounds.●She thinks it is probably too short to be useful to the student.●She has no opinion about it, because she has not read it.5. What additional information does the professor suggest that the student include in his paper?● A comparison of traditional and modern farming technologies●Changes in the designs of chinampas over time●Differences in how various historians have described chinampas●Reasons why chinampas are often overlooked in history booksLecture 36. What does the professor mainly discuss?●Comparisons between land animals and ocean-going animals of the Mesozoic era●Comparisons between sauropods and modern animals●Possible reasons why sauropods became extinct●New theories about the climate of the Mesozoic era7. What point does the professor make when she compares blue whales to large land animals?●Like large land animals, blue whales have many offspring.●Like large land animals, blue whales have proportionally small stomachs.●The land environment provides a wider variety of food sources than the ocean.●The ocean environment reduces some of the problems faced by large animals.8. According to the professor, what recent finding about the Mesozoic era challenges an earlier belief?●Sauropod populations in the Mesozoic era were smaller than previously believed.●Oxygen levels in the Mesozoic era were higher than previously believed.●Ocean levels in the Mesozoic era fluctuated more than previously believed.●Plant life in the Mesozoic era was less abundant than previously believed.9. Compared to small animals, what disadvantages do large animals typically have? [Choose two answers]●Large animals require more food.●Large animals have fewer offspring.●Large animals use relatively more energy in digesting their food.●Large animals have greater difficulty staying warm.10. Why does the professor discuss gastroliths that have been found with sauropod fossils?●To show that much research about extinct animals has relied on flawed methods●To show that even an incorrect guess can lead to useful research●To give an example of how fossil discoveries have cast doubt on beliefs about modern animals ●To give an example of a discovery made possible by recent advances in technology11. What did researchers conclude from their study of sauropods and gastroliths?●That gastroliths probably helped sauropods to store large quantities of plant material in theirstomachs●That sauropods probably used gastroliths to conserve energy●That sauropods may not have used gastroliths to aid in their digestion●That sauropods probably did not ingest any stonesLecture 412. What is the lecture mainly about?●Various ways color theory is used in different fields●Various ways artists can use primary colors●Aspects of color theory that are the subject of current research●The development of the first theory of primary colors13. What does the professor imply about the usefulness of the theory of primary colors?●It is not very useful to artists.●It has been very useful to scientists.●It is more useful to artists than to psychologists.●It is more useful to modern-day artists than to artists in the past.14. Why does the professor mention Isaac Newton?●To show the similarities between early ideas in art and early ideas in science●To explain why mixing primary colors does not produce satisfactory secondary colors●To provide background information for the theory of primary colors●To point out the first person to propose a theory of primary colors15. According to the pro fessor, what were the results of Goethe’s experiments with color? [Choose two answers]●The experiments failed to find a connection between colors and emotions.●The experiments showed useful connections between color and light.●The experiments provided valuable information about the relationships between colors.●The experiments were not useful until modern psychologists reinterpreted them.16. According to the professor, why did Runge choose the colors red, yellow and blue as the three primary colors?●He felt they represented natural light at different times of the day.●He noticed that they were the favorite colors of Romantic painters.●He performed several scientific experiments that suggested those colors.●He read a book by Goethe and agreed with Goethe’s choices of colors.17. What does the professor imply when he says this?●Many people have proposed theories about primary colors.●Goethe discovered the primary colors by accident.●Goethe probably developed the primary color theory before reading Runge’s le tter.●Goethe may have been influenced by Runge’s ideas about primary colors.TPO-28Conversation 11. What is the conversation mainly about?●Criticisms of Dewey’s political philosophy●Methods for leading a discussion group●Recent changes made to a reference document●Problems with the organization of a paper2. Why is the student late for his meeting?●Seeing the doctor took longer than expected.●No nearby parking spaces were available.●His soccer practice lasted longer than usual.●He had problems printing his paper.3. What revisions does the student need to make to his paper? [Choose three answers]●Describe the influences on Dewey in more detail●Expand the introductory biographical sketch●Remove unnecessary content throughout the paper●Use consistent references throughout the paper●Add an explanation of Dewey’s view on individuality4. Why does the professor mention the political science club?●To encourage the student to run for club president●To point out that John Dewey was a member of a similar club●To suggest an activity that might interest the student●To indicate where the student can get help with his paper5. Why does the professor say this:●To find out how many drafts the student wrote●To encourage the student to review his own work●To emphasize the need for the student to follow the guidelines●To propose a different solution to the problemLecture 16. What is the lecture mainly about?●The importance of Locke’s views to modern philosophical thought●How Descartes’ view of knowledge influenced tre nds in Western philosophy●How two philosophers viewed foundational knowledge claims●The difference between foundationalism and methodological doubt7. Why does the professor mention a house?●To explain an idea about the organization of human knowledge●To illustrate the unreliability of our perception of physical objects●To clarify the difference between two points of view about the basis of human knowledge●To remind students of a point he made about Descartes in a previous lecture8. What did Locke believe to the most basic type of human knowledge?●Knowledge of one’s own existence●Knowledge acquired through the senses●Knowledge humans are born with●Knowledge passed down from previous generations9. According to the professor, what was Descartes’ purpose f or using methodological doubt?●To discover what can be considered foundational knowledge claims●To challenge the philosophical concept of foundationalism●To show that one’s existence cannot be proven●To demonstrate that Locke’s views were essentially corre ct10. For Descartes what was the significance of dreaming?●He believed that his best ideas came to him in dreams●He regarded dreaming as the strongest proof that humans exist.●Dreaming supports his contention that reality has many aspects.●Dreaming illustrates why human experience of reality cannot always be trusted.11. According to Descartes, what type of belief should serve as a foundation for all other knowledge claims?● A belief that is consistent with what one sees and hears● A belief that most other people share● A belief that one has held since childhood● A belief that cannot be falseLecture 212. What is the main purpose of the lecture?●To show that some birds have cognitive skills similar to those of primates●To explain how the brains of certain primates and birds evolved●To compare different tests that measure the cognitive abilities of animals●To describe a study of the relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities13. When giving magpies the mirror mark test, why did researchers place the mark on magpies’ throats?●Throat markings trigger aggressive behavior in other magpies.●Throat markings are extremely rare in magpies.●Magpies cannot see their own throats without looking in a mirror.●Magpies cannot easily remove a mark from their throats.14. According to the professor, some corvettes are known to hide their food. What possible reasonsdoes she provide for this behavior? [Choose two answers]●They are ensuring that they will have food to eat at a later point in time.●They want to keep their food in a single location that they can easily defend.●They have been conditioned to exhibit this type of behavior.●They may be projecting their own behavioral tendencies onto other corvids.15. What is the professor’s attitude toward the study on p igeons and mirror self-recognition?●She is surprised that the studies have not been replicated.●She believes the study’s findings are not very meaningful.●She expects that further studies will show similar results.●She thinks that it confirms what is known about magpies and jays.16. What does the professor imply about animals that exhibit mirror self-recognition?●They acquired this ability through recent evolutionary changes.●They are not necessarily more intelligent than other animals.●Their brains all have an identical structure that governs this ability.●They may be able to understand another animal’s perspective.17. According to the professor, what conclusion can be drawn from what is now known about corvettes’ brains?●The area in corvids’ brains tha t governs cognitive functions governs other functions as well.●Corvids’ brains have evolved in the same way as other birds’ brains, only more rapidly.●Corvids’ and primates’ brains have evolved differently but have some similar cognitive abilities.●The cognitive abilities of different types of corvids vary greatly.Conversation 21. Why does the man go to see the professor?●To learn more about his student teaching assignment●To discuss the best time to complete his senior thesis●To discuss the possibility of changing the topic of his senior thesis●To find out whether the professor will be his advisor for his senior thesis2. What is the man’s concern about the second half of the academic year?●He will not have time to do the necessary research for his senior thesis.●He will not be allowed to write his senior thesis on his topic choice.●His senior thesis advisor will not be on campus.●His student teaching requirement will not be complete before the thesis is due.3. What does the man imply about Professor Johnson?●His sabbatical may last longer than expected.●His research is highly respected throughout the world.●He is the English department’s specialist on Chaucer.●He is probably familiar with the literature of the Renaissance.4. Why does the man want to write his senior thesis on The Canterbury Tales? [Choose two answers]●He studied it during his favorite course in high school.●He has already received approval for the paper from his professor.●He thinks that the knowledge might help him in graduate school.●He has great admiration for Chaucer.5. Why does the professor say this:●She is uncertain whether the man will be able to finish his paper before the end of the summer.●She thinks the man will need to do a lot of preparation to write on a new topic.●She wants to encourage the man to choose a new advisor for his paper.●She wants the man to select a new topic for his paper during the summer.Lecture 36. What is the lecture mainly about?●The differences in how humans and plants sense light●An explanation of an experiment on color and wavelength●How plants sense and respond to different wavelengths of light●The process by which photoreceptors distinguish wavelengths of light7. According to the professor, what is one way that a plant reacts to changes in the number of hours of sunlight?●The plant absorbs different wavelengths of light.●The plant begins to flower or stops flowering.●The number of photoreceptors in the plant increases.●The plant’s rate of photosynthesis increases.8. Why does the professor think that it is inappropriate for certain wavelength of light to be named “far-red”?●Far-red wavelengths appear identical to red wavelengths to the human eye.●Far-red wavelengths have the same effects on plants as red wavelengths do.●Far-red wavelengths travel shorter distances than red wavelengths do.●Far-red wavelengths are not perceived as red by the human eye.9. What point does the professor make when she discusses the red light and far-red light that reaches plants?●All of the far-red light that reaches plants is used for photosynthesis.●Plants flower more rapidly in response to far-red light than to red light.●Plants absorb more of the red light that reaches them than of the far-red light.●Red light is absorbed more slowly by plants than far-red light is.10. According to the professor, how does a plant typically react when it senses a high ratio of far-red light to red light?●It slows down its growth.●It begins photosynthesis.●It produces more photoreceptors.●It starts to release its seeds.11. In the Pampas experiment, what was the function of the LEDs?●To stimulate photosynthesis●To simulate red light●To add to the intensity of the sunlight●To provide additional far-red lightLecture 412. What does the professor mainly discuss?●Evidence of an ancient civilization in central Asia●Archaeological techniques used to uncover ancient settlements●The controversy concerning an archaeological find in central Asia●Methods used to preserve archaeological sites in arid areas13. What point does the professor make about mound sites?●They are easier to excavate than other types of archaeological sites.●They often provide information about several generations of people.●They often contain evidence of trade.●Most have been found in what are now desert areas.14. Why does the professor compare Gonur-depe to ancient Egypt?●To point out that Gonur-depe existed earlier than other ancient civilizations●To emphasize that the findings at Gonur-depe are evidence of an advanced civilization●To demonstrate that the findings at these locations have little in common●To suggest that the discovery of Gonur-depe will lead to more research in Egypt15. What does the professor imply about the people of Gonur-depe?●They avoided contact with people from other areas.●They inhabited Gonur-depe before resettling in Egypt.●They were skilled in jewelry making.●They modeled their city after cities in China.16. Settlements existed at the Gonur-depe site for only a few hundred years. What does the professor say might explain this fact? [Choose two answers]●Wars with neighboring settlements●Destruction caused by an earthquake●Changes in the course of the Murgab River●Frequent flooding of the Murgab River17. What is the professor’s opinion about the future of the Gonur-depe site?●She believes it would be a mistake to alter its original form.●She doubts the ruins will deteriorate further.●She thinks other sites are more deserving of researchers’ attention.●She is not convinced it will be restored.TPO-29Conversation 11. What is the conversation mainly about?●What the deadline to register for a Japanese class is●Why a class the woman chose may not be suitable for her●How the woman can fix an unexpected problem with her class schedule●How first-year students can get permission to take an extra class2. Why does the man tell the woman that Japanese classes are popular?●To imply that a Japanese class is unlikely to be canceled●To explain why the woman should have registered for the class sooner●To encourage the woman to consider taking Japanese●To convince the woman to wait until next semester to take a Japanese class3. Why does the man ask the woman if she registered for classes online?●To explain that she should have registered at the registrar’s office●To find out if there is a record of her registration in the computer●To suggest a more efficient way to register for classes●To determine if she received confirmation of her registration4. What does the man suggest the woman do? [Choose two answers]●Put her name on a waiting list●Get the professor to sign a form granting her permission to take the class●Identify a course she could take instead of Japanese●Speak to the head of the Japanese department5. What does the man imply when he points out that the woman is a first-year student?●The woman has registered for too many classes.●The woman should not be concerned if she cannot get into the Japanese class●The woman should not register for advanced-level Japanese classes yet●The woman should only take required courses at this timeLecture 16. What does the professor mainly discuss?●Causes of soil diversity in old-growth forests●The results of a recent research study in a Michigan forest●The impact of pedodiversity on forest growth●How forest management affects soil diversity7. According to the professor, in what way is the soil in forested areas generally different from soil in other areas?●In forested areas, the soil tends to be warmer and moister.●In forested areas, the chemistry of the soil changes more rapidly.●In forested areas, there is usually more variability in soil types.●In forested areas, there is generally more acid in the soil.8. What does the professor suggest are the three main causes of pedodiversity in the old-growth hardwood forests she discusses? [Choose three answers]●The uprooting of trees●The existence of gaps●Current forest-management practices●Diversity of tree species●Changes in climatic conditions9. Why does the professor mention radiation from the Sun?●To point out why pits and mounds have soil with unusual properties●To indicate the reason some tree species thrive in Michigan while others do not●To give an example of a factor that cannot be reproduced in forest management●To help explain the effects of forest gaps on soil10. Why does the professor consider pedodiversity an important field of research?●It has challenged fundamental ideas about plant ecology.●It has led to significant discoveries in other fields.●It has implications for forest management.●It is an area of study that is often misunderstood.11. Why does the professor give the students an article to read?●To help them understand the relationship between forest dynamics and pedodiversity●To help them understand how to approach an assignment●To provide them with more information on pits and mounds●To provide them with more exposure to a controversial aspect of pedodiversityLecture 212. What is the main purpose of the lecture?●To explain how musicians can perform successfully in theaters and concert halls with pooracoustics●To explain how the design of theaters and concert halls has changed over time●To discuss design factors that affect sound in a room●To discuss a method to measure the reverberation time of a room13. According to the lecture, what were Sabine’s contr ibutions to architectural acoustics? [Choose two answers]●He founded the field of architectural acoustics.●He developed an important formula for measuring a room’s reverberation time.●He renewed architects’ interest in ancient theaters.●He provided support for using established architectural principles in the design of concert halls.14. According to the professor, what is likely to happen if a room has a very long reverberation time?●Performers will have to make an effort to be louder.●Sound will not be scattered in all directions.●Older sounds will interfere with the perception of new sounds.●Only people in the center of the room will be able to hear clearly.15. Why does the professor mention a piano recital? [Choose two answers]●To illustrate that different kinds of performances require rooms with different reverberationtimes●To demonstrate that the size of the instrument can affect its acoustic properties●To cite a type of performance suitable for a rectangular concert hall●To exemplify that the reverberation time of a room is related to its size16. According to the professor, what purpose do wall decorations in older concert halls serve?●They make sound in the hall reverberate longer.●They distribute the sound more evenly in the hall.●They make large halls look smaller and more intimate.●They disguise structural changes made to improve sound quality.17. Why does the professor say this:●To find out if students have understood his point●To indicate that he will conclude the lecture soon●To introduce a factor contradicting his previous statement●To add emphasis to his previous statementConversation 21. Why does the student go to see the professor?●To explain why he may need to hand in an assignment late●To get instruction on how to complete an assignment●To discuss a type of music his class is studying●To ask if he can choose the music to write about in a listening journal2. What does the student describe as challenging?●Comparing contemporary music to earlier musical forms●Understanding the meaning of songs that are not written in English●Finding the time to listen to music outside of class●Writing critically about musical works3. Why does the student mention hip-hop music?●To contrast the ways he responds to familiar and unfamiliar music。

色彩还原能力英语

色彩还原能力英语Color Restoration AbilityThe ability to restore color is a fascinating and complex field that has captivated the attention of artists, scientists, and historians alike. This unique skill involves the process of reviving and enhancing the vibrancy of faded or discolored images, allowing us to glimpse into the past with a renewed sense of clarity and depth.At the heart of color restoration lies a deep understanding of the science behind light, pigments, and the interactions that occur when these elements converge. Skilled practitioners employ a range of techniques, from digital image processing to meticulous physical manipulation, to breathe new life into forgotten or damaged works of art, historical documents, and cherished family photographs.One of the most remarkable aspects of color restoration is its ability to transport us through time, unveiling the true essence of a moment that has been obscured by the ravages of age. By recovering the original hues and tones, color restoration allows us to experience the past with a newfound sense of immediacy and emotional resonance. It is as if the veil of time has been lifted, andwe are granted a rare and intimate glimpse into the lives and perspectives of those who came before us.The process of color restoration is not merely a technical exercise; it is a delicate balancing act between preserving the integrity of the original work and enhancing its visual appeal. Skilled practitioners must possess a deep understanding of the materials and techniques used in the creation of the artwork or document, as well as a keen eye for detail and an intuitive sense of color theory.In the digital age, the field of color restoration has experienced a remarkable evolution, with the advent of sophisticated image editing software and advanced imaging technologies. These tools have revolutionized the way we approach the restoration process, allowing for more precise and efficient methods of reviving faded or discolored images.However, the human touch remains an essential component of color restoration. The ability to interpret the nuances of a work, to make informed decisions about the appropriate level of intervention, and to seamlessly blend the restored elements with the original work, requires a level of artistry and expertise that cannot be fully replicated by machines.The impact of color restoration extends far beyond the realm of artand history. In the fields of archaeology and anthropology, the ability to restore color to ancient artifacts and documents has been instrumental in deepening our understanding of past civilizations and cultures. By bringing these treasures back to life, we are able to glean valuable insights into the lives, beliefs, and artistic expressions of our ancestors.Moreover, color restoration has become an increasingly important tool in the preservation of our collective heritage. As time and environmental factors take their toll on our cultural treasures, the ability to restore and safeguard these precious artifacts has become crucial in ensuring that they can be enjoyed and studied by generations to come.In conclusion, the color restoration ability is a remarkable and multifaceted field that continues to captivate and inspire. Through its ability to revive the past and enhance our understanding of the world around us, this unique skill has become an invaluable asset in the preservation and appreciation of our shared cultural heritage. As we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of color restoration, we can only imagine the wonders that await us as we delve deeper into the rich tapestry of our collective history.。

小学上册I卷英语第六单元暑期作业

小学上册英语第六单元暑期作业英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I want to ________ a new toy.2.I collect _____ (邮票) from around the world.3.What is the name of the famous natural park located in California?A. YellowstoneB. YosemiteC. Grand CanyonD. GlacierB4.The _____ (小米兔) has long ears and loves to hop around. 小米兔有长长的耳朵，喜欢到处跳跃。

5.What is the capital city of India?A. MumbaiB. DelhiC. KolkataD. ChennaiB6. A _______ (海马) swims in the sea.7.The _____ (fig) tree bears sweet fruit.8.What is the name of the famous canyon in Arizona?A. Grand CanyonB. YellowstoneC. ZionD. YosemiteA9._____ (环境) plays a big role in plant health.10.The __________ (文化表现) reflect societal values.11.She is a good . (她是一个好的。

)12.What do you call a person who flies an airplane?A. PilotB. DriverC. CaptainD. Sailor13.What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. MoonB. SunC. StarsD. WindB14.I saw a _______ (小猴子) swinging in the trees.15.What is the capital of Canada?A. TorontoB. OttawaC. VancouverD. MontrealB16.What is the opposite of 'wet'?A. DryB. CleanC. MessyD. Neat17.Every Saturday, I go to my friend's house and we play with our ________ (玩具名) together. It’s always a great time!18.What do you call a place where you can see art?A. LibraryB. GalleryC. TheaterD. ParkB19.The study of compounds containing carbon is called ______ chemistry.20. A goldfish can recognize its own _______ (影子).21.I have a toy _____ that can fly.22. A ____ can glide through the air and has bright colors.23.What is the capital of Vietnam?A. Ho Chi Minh CityB. HanoiC. Da NangD. HueB Hanoi24. A _______ is a small plant that grows close to the ground.25.The chemical symbol for hassium is _____.26.What is the capital of the Philippines?A. ManilaB. CebuC. DavaoD. IloiloA27.The chemical formula for potassium dichromate is _____.28.The __________ (历史的传达) conveys lessons.29.The __________ (历史的叙述) shapes our narrative.30.Which instrument is known for its strings and is played with a bow?A. FluteB. TrumpetC. ViolinD. DrumC31.ers open in the _____ (早晨) and close at night. Some flo32.The ____ has a long neck and eats leaves from tall trees.33.The ______ is a talented poet.34.There are many ________ in the ocean.35.The flowers smell _______ (good).36.The country known for its ancient ruins is ________ (以古代遗址闻名的国家是________).37.What do you call a story that is not true?A. FictionB. Non-fictionC. BiographyD. HistoryA38.Certain plants have special _____ (适应) for survival.39.The ________ was a significant moment in the fight for equality.40.The Earth's crust varies in thickness from place to ______.41.The ______ (花瓣) are often colorful and attract pollinators.42.What is the main ingredient in guacamole?A. TomatoB. AvocadoC. PepperD. OnionB43.The __________ (社会挑战) require collaboration.44.What is the name of our galaxy?A. Milky WayB. AndromedaC. WhirlpoolD. Sombrero45.I love to plant _____ (花) in my garden.46.The parrot talks and _________. (模仿)47.We have music class on ___. (Wednesday)48.The hornet can sting very _________ (痛).49.One of my hobbies is __________, and I spend a lot of time __________.50.What is 10 4?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 851. A _______ (小松鼠) gathers acorns for winter.52.The children are _______ (在画画).53.The chemical symbol for chlorine is _______.54.What is the primary ingredient in hummus?A. ChickpeasB. LentilsC. RiceD. BeansA55.Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of an ______.56.The chemical formula for beryllium oxide is ______.57.What is 100 50?A. 30B. 40C. 50D. 6058.The ______ shares knowledge about wildlife.59.What do we call a person who studies animals?A. ZoologistB. BotanistC. BiologistD. Ecologist60.The pizza is very _______ (delicious).61.I want to ______ my friends at the playground. (meet)62.What is the capital city of Kenya?A. NairobiB. MombasaC. KisumuD. EldoretA63.The _____ (河流) flows smoothly.64.My favorite ice cream flavor is _______ (巧克力).65.The bird is _____ in the sky. (flying)66.What is the name of the famous bear who loves honey?A. PaddingtonB. Winnie the PoohC. Yogi BearD. Baloo67.What is the symbol for silver?A. AgB. AuC. PbD. Femunity resilience framework) supports recovery from challenges. The ____69.The puppy is very ___. (adorable)70.The __________ is a famous lake in North America.71.The birds are ______ in the bright blue sky. (flying)72.The anemone is home to the _____.73.The _____ (cherry) tree is famous for its blossoms.74.I love to watch _____ (小动物) explore their environments.75. A ____(participatory approach) involves residents in decision-making.76._____ (植物的颜色) can indicate its health.77.The weather is ______ (sunny) today.78.What is the main ingredient in chocolate?A. SugarB. Cocoa beansC. MilkD. ButterB79.Insects like ladybugs can help control ______ (害虫).80.What do you call a young sparrow?A. ChickB. KitC. PupD. Calf81.What is the capital city of Sweden?A. StockholmB. OsloC. CopenhagenD. HelsinkiA82.What do we call the first letter of the alphabet?A. AB. BC. CD. DA83.My favorite season is ______ (秋天).84.What is 7 + 14?A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 21D85.Which fruit is red and round?A. BananaB. AppleC. GrapeD. Orange86.What is the term for a group of lions?A. PackB. PrideC. FlockD. GaggleB Pride87.What do we call a story that is not true?A. Non-fictionB. MythC. FictionD. Biography88.The __________ is a large area of frozen ocean. (北冰洋)89.What do you call a type of large, flightless bird?A. PenguinB. OstrichC. EmuD. All of the above90.I like to play ________ (扑克牌).91.What do we call the act of planting seeds?A. HarvestingB. SowingC. PruningD. WateringB Sowing92.She has a _____ (great) idea.93.I have a _____ (pen/pencil) in my backpack.94.My _____ (同学) gave me a toy robot for my birthday. 我的同学在我生日时送了我一个玩具机器人。

与颜色有关的英语作文

Colors are an integral part of our lives,influencing our emotions,perceptions,and even decisions.They are not just visual elements but also carry symbolic meanings across different cultures.In this essay,we will explore the significance of colors in various aspects of life,from art and fashion to psychology and symbolism.The Psychological Impact of ColorsColors have a profound psychological effect on humans.For instance,blue is often associated with calmness and stability,which is why it is frequently used in corporate logos and interior designs to evoke trust and reliability.On the other hand,red is a color that stimulates excitement and can even increase appetite,making it a popular choice for restaurants and fastfood chains.Colors in Art and DesignIn the realm of art,colors are used to convey mood and emotion.A painting dominated by cool colors like blues and greens can create a serene and tranquil atmosphere,while the use of warm colors such as reds and yellows can evoke feelings of warmth and energy. Artists like Van Gogh and Monet were known for their innovative use of color to express their artistic vision.Fashion and Color TrendsFashion is another area where color plays a significant role.Each season,the fashion industry introduces new color trends that can influence what people wear.For example, the color Millennial Pink gained popularity for its soft and approachable nature, reflecting a desire for comfort and tranquility in a fastpaced world.Cultural Significance of ColorsDifferent cultures attribute various meanings to colors.In Western cultures,white is often associated with purity and innocence,while in Eastern cultures,it can symbolize mourning.Green is a symbol of life and renewal in many cultures,but in some,it can also represent envy or jealousy.Color in Branding and MarketingBusinesses use color psychology to create brand recognition and evoke certain emotions in consumers.For example,CocaCola uses the color red to create a sense of excitement and energy,while Tiffany es a specific shade of blue,known as Tiffany Blue,toconvey luxury and exclusivity.The Role of Color in CommunicationColors can also play a role in nonverbal communication.A persons choice of clothing color can send a message about their personality or mood.For instance,someone wearing black might be perceived as serious or sophisticated,while someone in bright colors could be seen as cheerful and outgoing.Color Blindness and AccessibilityIts important to consider accessibility when using colors,especially in design.Color blindness affects a significant portion of the population,and designers must ensure that their use of color does not exclude or mislead those with visual impairments.Future of Color TechnologyWith advancements in technology,we are seeing new ways to interact with color.Digital displays and lighting systems can now change colors dynamically,creating immersive experiences in gaming,entertainment,and even home environments.In conclusion,colors are far more than just visual stimuli they are a powerful tool that can influence our emotions,perceptions,and behaviors.Understanding the role of color in various contexts can help us make more informed decisions in design,communication, and even personal expression.。

英语颜色拓展知识点总结

英语颜色拓展知识点总结The Psychological Effects of ColorColor has a powerful effect on our emotions and behavior. It has been studied extensively in the field of psychology, and it is well known that different colors can evoke different emotional responses. For example, red is often associated with passion, energy, and danger, while blue is seen as calming and tranquil. These effects can be seen in a wide range of contexts, from marketing and advertising to interior design and fashion.One of the most well-known theories about color and emotion is the theory of color psychology. This theory suggests that different colors can have different psychological effects on people. For example, warm colors such as red, orange, and yellow are often associated with feelings of warmth, energy, and excitement, while cool colors such as blue, green, and purple are associated with feelings of calmness, serenity, and relaxation.Cultural Meanings of ColorIn addition to its psychological effects, color also has a rich and varied set of cultural meanings. Different cultures have different associations and symbolism for different colors. For example, in Western cultures, white is often associated with purity and innocence, while in some Eastern cultures, it is associated with death and mourning. Similarly, in many cultures, the color red is associated with love and passion, while in others it is seen as a symbol of luck and prosperity.Color also plays a significant role in cultural traditions and symbolism. For example, in many cultures, specific colors are associated with particular holidays or events. In China, the color red is traditionally worn during weddings and is associated with good luck and prosperity, while in India, the color red is often associated with festivals and celebration. Understanding the cultural meanings of color is essential for effective communication and interaction in a globalized world.Scientific Properties of ColorFrom a scientific perspective, color is a fascinating and complex phenomenon. It is inherently linked to the physics of light and the human visual system. The way we perceive color is a result of the interaction between light, the objects we observe, and our eyes and brains. Our perception of color is influenced by the wavelength of the light that is reflected by an object, as well as the way our eyes interpret that light.One of the key concepts in the science of color is the color wheel. This is a visual representation of the relationships between different colors, and it is used in art, design, and science to understand how colors interact with each other. The color wheel is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, and it helps to illustrate the concept of color harmony and contrast.Another important concept in the science of color is color theory. This is the study of how colors can be combined or mixed to create new colors, and it is essential for artists, designers, and anyone working with color. Color theory involves understanding concepts such as hue, saturation, and value, and how these elements can be combined to create different colors and color combinations.In conclusion, color is a multifaceted and complex aspect of our world. It has psychological, cultural, and scientific dimensions that make it a fascinating subject of study. By understanding the psychological effects of color, the cultural meanings of color, and the scientific properties of color, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the role that color plays in our lives. Whether it is in art, design, marketing, or everyday life, color is a powerful and important aspect of human experience.。

小学上册第十三次英语第3单元综合卷[有答案]

小学上册英语第3单元综合卷[有答案]英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I enjoy doing ______ (运动) because it keeps me fit and active. My favorite is______ (游泳).2.I like to bake ______ (蛋糕) for my family on special occasions.3.The __________ is made up of solid rock beneath the soil.4.I want to ________ a new toy.5.What do you call a group of players on a sports team?A. SquadB. CrowdC. AudienceD. Team6.The scientist analyzes _____ (数据) for research.7.The stars are ________ (明亮的).8.How many hours are in a day?A. 20B. 22C. 24D. 269.My mom is __________ (善良的) and caring.10.What is the opposite of "happy"?A. JoyfulB. SadC. ExcitedD. Cheerful11.Understanding the life cycle of a plant includes knowing its ______. (了解植物的生命周期包括了解其繁殖方式。

)12.Some plants can be found near _______.13.The duck quacks and swims in the ______.14.The backbone protects the ______ in animals.15.Carbon dioxide is produced when we ______.16.Which planet is known as the "Red Planet"?A. VenusB. JupiterC. MarsD. Saturn17.The flowers are ________ (五彩斑斓的).18.The train goes _____ (fast/slow) on the tracks.19.Fruits grow from ______ (花).20.I like to ___ (explore/hike) in the woods.21.I have a _____ (篮球) that I play with my friends after school. 我有一个篮球，放学后和朋友们一起玩。

Colourandcharacteristics.pdf

1)Based on Properties 2)Based on Quality or Effect 3)Based on Psychological Effects
Based on Properties
i) Hue ii) Value – Shade, Tint, Tone, Neutrals iii) Intensity
Factors Affecting the Color Scheme of a Room
The Color Scheme of a room is affected by the following factors: 1. Size and shape of the room 2. Amount of light in the room 3. Activities carried out in the room 4. Personal preference of the room 5. Current Fashion 6. Type of articles in the room 7. Season
Colors can be used together to create pleasing or interesting effects. This grouping of colors is called a color scheme.
Color Schemes can be discussed under two heads: 1) Related Color Scheme
i) Monochromatic Color Scheme ii) Analogous Color Scheme iii) Accented Neutral Color Scheme
2) Contrasting Color Scheme i) Complementary Color Scheme ii) Split-Complementary Color Scheme iii) Double Split-Complementary Color Scheme iv) Triad Color Scheme