love is a fallacy(英语修辞与写作 lecture 6-1)
Unit_5_Love_is_a_Fallacy爱是谬论 高英
Theme Song Lyrics Dobie, wants a little cutie,
Dobie, wants a little beauty, Dobie wants a gal to call his own
Any size, any style, any eyes, any smile, Any Jean, any Jane, any Joan.
"Dobie Gillis"
The moral of the story is "You can't always get what you want, but if you try some time, you just might find, you get what you need."
Cupid Zelda hits her target (Dobie)
Quotations from Dobie Gillis (1)
"My name is Dobie Gillis and I like girls. What am I saying? I love girls! Love 'em! Beautiful, gorgeous, soft, round, creamy girls. Now, I'm not a wolf, mind you. No, you see a wolf wants lots of girls, but me? Well, I just want one. One beautiful, gorgeous, soft, round, creamy girl for my very own. That's all I want! One lousy girl!""But I'll tell you a sad, hard fact. I'm never gonna get a girl. Never. Why? Because to get a girl you need money . And standing between me and money is a powerful obstacle: a POWERFUL obstacle!"
love is a fallacy 爱情是谬误
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly 只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
高级英语2love is a fallacy中英译文
Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute—I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And—think of it!—I only eighteen.我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。
敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点。
我的大脑像发电机一样发达，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。
一一你知道吗?我才十八岁呀。
It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Bellows, my roommate at the university. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. A nice enough fellow, you understand, but nothing upstair s. Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. Fads, I su bmit, are the very negation of reason. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender oneself to idiocy just because everybody else is doi ng it—this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey.年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。
Love is a Fallacy 翻译(精选)
Love is a Fallacy 翻译(精选)爱是一个谬论爱情是生活中最美好的事物之一，它是人类情感世界中最真挚、最深沉、最具力量的表达方式。
爱情无国界，无障碍，无年龄。
许多伟大的作家和艺术家都通过他们的作品歌颂了爱情的伟大、复杂和多样性。
然而，一位心理学家却认为爱情是一个谬论。
田·田纳西·威廉斯是一位美国心理学家和哲学家，他在20世纪50年代提出了一种新的理论观点，称爱情是一个谬论。
他认为，爱情是基于人们的欲望和需求，而非真正的感情。
他认为，爱情是一种哲学意义上的谬误，两个人之间的吸引往往是建立在双方互相满足对方需求的基础上。
他批判了传统的浪漫观念，认为这种观念过于理想化，与现实生活中的人际关系格格不入。
威廉斯的观点引起了广泛的争议。
一些人支持他的观点，认为他的理论有一定的道理。
他们认为，人们在选择伴侣时往往受到个人需求和社会因素的影响，而这些因素往往会在爱情中发挥重要的作用。
另一方面，一些人对他的观点表示怀疑。
他们认为，爱情是一种真实的情感，而不仅仅是人们的需求和欲望的产物。
无论威廉斯的观点是否正确，爱情仍然是人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
爱情可以带给我们温暖、安慰和幸福感。
它可以激发我们的创造力，使我们更加积极向上。
爱情也可以让我们变得更加宽容和理解。
正如一位著名作家所说：“爱情是唯一能让你变得更富有的东西，而不是其他。
”而这正是爱情的伟大之处。
无论爱情是不是一个谬论，它都是我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
它像是一道阳光，温暖着我们的心灵。
无论在幸福的时刻还是在困难的时刻，爱情都给予我们力量和勇气。
它使我们成为更好的人，让我们更加快乐、满足和有意义的活着。
爱情是多样的，它可以是家庭之爱、友情之爱、亲情之爱、恋爱之爱等等。
无论是哪一种爱情，它都是我们生活中宝贵的财富。
我们应该珍惜和保护爱情，让它在我们的生活中发挥其独特的力量和作用。
总之，尽管有人认为爱情是一个谬论，但它仍然是我们生活中最重要的一部分。
love-is-a-fallacy(英语修辞与写作-lecture-6-1)讲解学习
8. Antithesis (It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.)
Rhetorical devices in the story
1. Inversion (Cool was I and logical. // Beautiful she was. Gracious she was. Intelligent she was not. )
2. Metaphor (My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.)
9. Analogy (It was like digging a tunnel. At first, everything was work, sweat, and darkness. … But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.)
Writing Style
Max Shulman has a good style. The story goes forward at a fast pace with racy dialogues full of American colloquialism and slang. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid. He use ultra learned terms to reveal the conceit of the narrator and clipped vulgar forms to illustrate Polly Espy’s limited intellectual capability. He also use figurative language profusely and inversion for emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. The combination of all these help to make the story realistic, as one would expect a freshman to talk like that.
love-is-a-fallacy-爱情是谬误
在进入今天主题,讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在,而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的,当然同时,你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章,国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie，他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly 只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误.例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说,对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语.因此我就会断定在明尼苏达大学谁也不会讲法语.”。
高级英语love-is-fallacy中英精品笔记
L5 Love is a fallacy1 Charles Lamb , as merry and enterprising [Showing initiative and willingness to undertake newprojects <有事业心的, 有进取心的, 有魄力的, 有胆量的>]a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays[a very long time], unfettered [不受约束的To set free or keep free from restrictions or bonds <to unchain; to unshackle; to liberate>]the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream's Children. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb's frontier, [Consider this: Metaphor, comparing the limitations set by Lamb to a frontier. <limitations vs. limits> indeed, "informal" may not be quite the right word to describe this essay; "limp" or ―flaccid" [unpleasantly soft & weak] or possibly "spongy" [elastic/flexible] are perhaps more appropriate.查尔斯．兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人,他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》无拘无束、自由奔放.实在令人难忘.下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放.实际上,用"自由奔放〞的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切,或许用"柔软〞、"轻松〞或"轻软而富有弹性〞更为恰如其分.2 Vague though its category, it is without doubt an essay. It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion. Could Carlyle do more?Could Ruskin?尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类,但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文.它提出了论点.引用了许多例证,并得出了结论.卡菜尔能写得更好吗?罗斯金呢? 3 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes [attempts担任] to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic [迂腐的学究式的academic <over-concerned with correctness>]discipline[有条理], is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma[创伤]. [Consider this: Logic is not at all dry, learned branch of learning. It is like a living human being, full of beauty, passion and painfulemotional shocks.] —Author's Note这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于关感和激情,并给人以启迪.诸位不妨一读. ——作者注4 Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute—I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And—think of it!—I only eighteen.我这个人头脑冷静,逻辑思维能力强.敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点.我的大脑像发电机一样发达,像化学家的天平一样精确,像手术刀一样锋利.一一你知道吗?我才十八岁呀.It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Bellows, myroommate at the university. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. A nice enoughfellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst ofall, a faddist. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. To be swept up in every new crazethat comes along, to surrender oneself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it—this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey.年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有.就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂·伯奇来说吧,他跟我年龄相仿,经历一样,可他笨得像头驴.小伙子长得年轻漂亮,可惜脑子里却空空如也.他易于激动,情绪反复无常,容易受别人的影响.最糟的是他爱赶时髦.我认为,赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现.见到一种新鲜的东西就跟着学,以为别人都在那么干,自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来,简直愚蠢至极,但皮蒂却不以为然.6 One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face thatI immediately diagnosed appendicitis. "Don’t move,〞I said, "Don’t take a laxative. I’ll get a doctor.〞7"Raccoon,〞he mumbled thickly.8"Raccoon?〞I said, pausing in my flight.9 "I want a raccoon coat,〞he wailed.10 I perceived that his trouble was not physical, but mental. "Why do you want a raccoon coat?〞一天下午我看见皮蒂躺在床上,脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表情,我立刻断定他是得了阑尾炎."别动,〞我说,"别吃泻药,我就请医生来.〞"浣熊,〞他咕哝着说."浣熊?〞我停下来问道."我要一件浣熊皮大衣,〞他痛苦地哭叫着.我明白了,他不是身体不舒服,而是精神上不太正常."你为什么要浣熊皮大衣?〞11"I should have known it,〞he cried, pounding his temples. "I should have known they’d come back when the Charleston came back. Like a fool I spent all my money for textbooks, and now I can’t get a raccoon coat.〞"我本早该知道,〞他哭叫着,用拳头捶打着太阳穴,"我早该知道查尔斯登舞再度流行时,浣熊皮大衣也会时兴起来的.我真傻,钱都买了课本,可现在不能买浣熊皮大衣了.〞12 "Can you mean,〞I said incredulously, "that people are actually wearing raccoon coats again?〞13 "All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where’ve you been?〞14 In the library,〞I said, naming a place not frequented by Big Men on Campus.15 He leaped from the bed and paced the room. "I’ve got to have a raccoon coat,〞he said passionately. "I’ve got to!〞我带着怀疑的眼神问道："你是说人们真的又要穿浣熊皮大衣吗?〞"校园里有身分的人哪个不穿?你刚从哪儿来?〞"图书馆,〞我说了一个有身分的人不常去的地方.他从床上一跃而起,在房间里踱来踱去."我一定要弄到一件浣熊皮大衣,〞他激动地说,"非弄到不可!〞16"Petey, why? Look at it rationally. Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. They smell bad. They weigh too much. They’re unsightly. They—〞17 "You don’t understand,〞he interrupted impatiently. "It’s the thing to do. Don’t you want to be in the swim?〞18"No,〞I said truthfully.19"Well, I do,〞he declared. "I’d give anything for a raccoon coat. Anything!〞20 My brain, that precision instrument, slipped intohigh gear. "Anything?〞I asked, looking at him narrowly.21 "Anything,〞he affirmed in ringing tones. "皮蒂,你怎么啦?冷静地想一想吧,浣熊皮大衣不卫生,掉毛,味道难闻,既笨重又不好看,而且……17"你不懂,〞他不耐烦地打断我的话."这就叫时髦.难道你不想赶时髦吗?〞Don’t you want to be fashion-wise <chase fads and fashion追逐时尚与潮流>?"不想,〞我坦率地回答."好啦,我可想着呢!〞他肯定地说."只要有浣熊皮大衣,要我什么我都给,什么都行!〞我的大脑一一这件精密的仪器一一即刻运转起来[high gear高档位].我仔细地打量着他,问道："什么都行?〞slipped into: began to work very fast."什么都行!〞他斩钉截铁地说.22 I stroked my chin thoughtfully. It so happened that I knew where to get my hands on a raccoon coat. My father had had one in his undergraduate days; it lay now in a trunk in the attic back home. It also happened that Petey had something I wanted. He didn’t have it exactly, but at least he had first rights on it. I refer to his girl, Polly Espy.我若有所思地抚着下巴.好极了,我知道哪儿能弄到浣熊皮大衣.我父亲在大学读书时就穿过一件,现在还放在家里顶楼attic的箱子里.恰好皮蒂也有我需要的东西.尽管他还没有弄到手,但至少他有优先权.我说的是他的女朋友波利·埃斯皮.23 I had long coveted Polly Espy. Let me emphasize that my desire for this young woman was not emotional in nature. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason.我早已钟情.我要特别说明的是,我想得到这妙龄少女[in nature本质上]并不是由于感情的驱使.她确实是个易于使人动情的姑娘.可我不是那种让感情统治理智的人,我想得到波利是经过了慎重考虑的,完全是出于理智上的原因.24 I was a freshman in law school. In a few years I would be out in practice. I was well aware of the importance of the right kind of wife in furthering a lawyer’s career. The successful lawyers I had observed were, almost without exception, married to beautiful, gracious, intelligent women. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.我是法学院一年级的学生,过不了几年就要挂牌当律师了.[In a few years I would graduate and pick up a job as a lawyer.]我很清楚,一个合适的妻子对一个律师的前途来说是非常重要的.我发现大凡有成就的律师几乎都是和美丽、文雅、聪明的女子结婚的.波利只差[omission省略]一条就完全符合这些条件了.25 Beautiful she was. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt that time would supply the lack. She already had the makings.她漂亮.尽管她的身材还没有挂在墙上的美女pin-up照片那么苗条,但我相信时间会弥补这个不足.她已经大致不差了.She was not yet as beautiful as a pin-up girl but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time. She already had all the physical qualities needed for developing into a very beautiful woman.26 Gracious she was. By gracious I mean full of graces. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding. At table her manners were exquisite. I had seen her at the Kozy Kampus Korner eating the specialty of the house—a sandwich that contained scraps of pot roast, gravy, chopped nuts, and a dipper of sauerkraut—without even getting her fingers moist.她温文尔雅——我这里是指她很有风度.她婷婷玉立[Erectness: Uprightness of posture or form],落落大方,泰然自若,一眼就看得出她很有教养[exquisite优美的].她进餐时,动作是那样的优美.我曾看见过她在"舒适的校园之角〔Kozy Kampus Korner〕〞吃名点——一块夹有几片带汁的炖肉和碎核桃仁的##治,还有一小杯泡菜——手指儿一点儿也没有沾湿.27Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. But I believed that under my guidance she would smarten up. At any rate, it was worth a try. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.她不聪明[intelligent:clever, smart ],实际上恰好相反[veered改变方向].但我相信有我的指导,她会变得聪明的.无论如何可以试一试,使一个漂亮的笨姑娘变得聪明比使一个聪明的丑姑娘变得漂亮毕竟要容易些.28"Petey,〞I said, "are you in love with Polly Espy?〞29"I think she’s a keen kid,〞he replied, "but I don’t know if you’d call it love. Why?〞30 "Do you,〞I asked, "have any kind of formal arrangement with her? I mean are you going steady or anything like that?〞31 "No. We see each other quite a bit, but we both have other dates. Why?〞32 "Is there,〞I asked, "any other man for whom she has a particular fondness?〞"皮蒂,〞我说,"你在跟波利谈恋爱吧?〞"我觉得她是一个讨人喜欢的姑娘,〞他回答说,"但我不知道这是不是就叫做爱情.你问这个干吗?〞"你和她有什么正式的安排吗?我是说你们是不是常有约会,或者有诸如此类的事情?〞我问. "没有,我们常常见面.但我们俩各自有别的约会.你问这个干嘛?〞"还有没有别人使她特别喜欢呢?〞我问道.33"Not that I know of. Why?〞34 I nodded with satisfaction. "In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. Is that right?〞[<if you stop dating her>, other would be free to compete for her friendship. ]35"I guess so. What are you getting at?〞36"Nothing , nothing,〞I said innocently, and took my suitcase out the closet.37"Where are you going?〞asked Petey.38"Home for weekend.〞I threw a few things into the bag."那我可不知道.你问这些干吗?〞我满意地点点头说："这就是说.如果你不在,场地就是空着的.你说是吗?〞"我想是这样.你这话是什么意思?〞"没什么,没什么,〞我若无其事地说,接着把手提皮箱从壁橱里拿了出来."你去哪儿?〞皮蒂问."回家过周末.〞我把几件衣服扔进了提箱.39"Listen,〞he said, clutching my arm eagerly, "while you’re home, you couldn’t get some money from your old man, could you, and lend it to me so I can buy a raccoon coat?〞40"I may do better than that,〞I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left."听着,〞他焦急的抓住clutching我的胳膊说,"你回家后,从你父亲那儿弄点钱来借给我买一件浣熊皮大衣,好吗?〞"也许不仅只是这样呢.〞我神秘地眨着眼睛说,随后关上皮箱就走了.41"Look,〞I said to Petey when I got back Monday morning. I threw open the suitcase and revealed the huge, hairy, gamy object that my father had worn in his Stutz Bearcat in 1925.星期一上午我回到学校时对皮蒂说："你瞧!〞我猛地打开皮箱,那件肥大、毛茸茸、散发着怪味的东西露了出来,这就是我父亲.1925年在施图茨比尔凯特汽车里穿过的那一件浣熊皮大衣.42"Holy Toledo!〞[Slang] said Petey reverently. He plunged his hands into the raccoon coat and then his face. "Holy Toledo!〞he repeated fifteen or twenty times.43"Would you like it?〞I asked.44 "Oh yes!〞he cried, clutching the greasy pelt to him. Then a canny look came into his eyes."What do you want for it?〞45"Your girl.〞I said, mincing no words.46"Polly?〞he said in a horrified whisper. "You want Polly?〞47"That’s right.〞"太好了!〞皮蒂恭敬的[respectfully]说.他把两只手插进那件皮大衣,然后把头也埋了进去."太好啦!〞他不断地重复了一二十遍."你喜欢吗?〞我问道."哦,喜欢!〞他高声叫着,把那满是油腻的毛皮紧紧地搂在怀里.接着他眼里露出机警的神色,说着："你要什么换呢?〞"你的女朋友,〞我毫不讳言地说."波利?〞他吃惊了,结结巴巴地说,"你要波利?〞"是的.〞48 He flung the coat from him. "Never,〞he said stoutly.49 I shrugged. "Okay. If you don’t want to be in the swim, I guess it’s your business.〞他把皮大衣往旁一扔,毫不妥协的说："那可不行.〞我耸了耸肩膀说："好吧,如果你不想赶时髦,那就随你的便好了.〞50 I sat down in a chair and pretended to read a book, but out of the corner of my eye I kept watching Petey. He was a torn man. [He was a man torn between two forces: love for Polly and love for the raccoon coat. | He was an agonized <agitated> man.] First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely. Then he looked back at the coat, with even more longing in his face. Then he turned away, but with not so much resolution this time. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat.我在一把椅子上坐了下来,假装读书,暗暗地瞟着皮蒂.他神情不安,用面包店窗前的流浪儿那种馋涎欲滴的神情望着那件皮大衣,接着扭过头去,坚定地咬紧牙关.过了一会儿,他又回过头来把目光投向那件皮大衣,脸上露出更加渴望的神情.等他再扭过头seiveled去,已经不那么坚决了. [desire waxing:To increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity逐渐增大：在大小、数量、强度或强度上逐渐增加]他看了又看,越看越爱,慢慢地决心也就减弱[resolution waning:To decrease gradually in size, amount, intensity, or degree; decline]了.最后他再也不扭过头去,只是站在那儿,贪婪地盯着那件皮大衣.51"It isn’t as though I was in love with Polly,〞he said thickly. "Or going steady or anything like that.〞52"That’s right,〞I murmured.53"What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?〞54"Not a thing,〞said I.55 "It’s just been a casual kick—just a few laughs, that’s all.〞56 "Try on the coat,〞said I."我和波利好像不是在谈恋爱,〞他含含糊糊地说."也说不上经常约会或有诸如此类的事情.〞"好的,〞我低声地说."波利对我算得了什么?我对波利又算得了什么?〞"只不过是一时高兴[fun]-----不过是说说笑笑[casual play]罢了,如此而已.〞"试试大衣吧.〞我说57 He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. "Fits fine,〞he said happily.58 I rose from my chair. "Is it a deal?〞I asked, extending my hand.59 He swallowed. "It’s a deal,〞he said and shook my hand."他照办了.衣领蒙住了[bunched 束住]他的耳朵,下摆一直拖到脚跟.他看起来活像一具浣熊尸体.他高兴地说："挺合身的.〞"我从椅子上站了起来."成交了吗?〞我说着,把手伸向他.他轻易地接受了[swallowed吞咽]."算数．〞他说,并跟我握了握手.60 I had my first date with Polly the following evening. This was in the nature of a survey; I wanted to find out just how much work I had to do to get her mind up to the standard I required.I took her first to dinner. "Gee, that was a delish dinner,〞she said as we left the restaurant. Then I took her to a movie. "Gee, that was a marvy movie,〞she said as we left the theatre. And then I took her home. "Gee, I had a sensaysh time,〞she said as she bade me good night.第二天晚上,我与波利第一次约会了.这一次实际上是我对她的考察.我想弄清要作多大的努力才能使她的头脑达到我的要求.我首先请她去吃饭."哈,这顿饭真够意思,〞离开餐馆时她说.然后我请她去看电影."嘿,这片子真好看marvy [marvelous],〞走出影院时她说.最后我送她回家.和我道别时她说："嘿,今晚玩得真痛快[sensational:outstanding; spectacular].〞61 I went back to my room with a heavy heart. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task. This girl’s lack of information was terrifying. Nor would it be enough merely to supply her with information. First she had to be taught to think. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. But then I got to thinking about her abundant physical charms and about the way she entered a room and the way she handled a knife and fork, and I decided to make an effort.我带着不大痛快的心情回到了房间.我对这任务的艰巨性gravely估计underestimated得太低了.这姑娘的知识少得叫人吃惊terrifying.只是给她增加知识还不够,首先得教她学会思考.这可不是一件容易的事,当时我真想把她还给皮蒂算了.但我一想到她那充满魅力的身材,她那进屋时的模样,她那拿刀叉的姿式,我还是决定再作一番努力.62 I went about it, as in all things, systematically. I gave her a course in logic. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts at my fingertips. "Poll’,〞I said to her when I picked her up on our next date, "tonight we are going over to the Knoll and talk.〞就像做其他的事情一样,我开始有计划地干了起来.我开始给她上辑课.幸好我是一个学法律的学生,我自己也正在学逻辑学,所以对要教的内容我都很熟悉fingertips指尖..当我接她赴第二次约会时,我对她说："今晚上咱们去‘小山’谈谈吧〞.63"Oo, terrif,〞she replied. One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable.64 We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. "What are we going to talk about?〞she asked.65"Logic.〞66 She thought this over for a minute and decided she liked it. "Magnif,〞she said.63"啊,好极了[terrific],〞她回答道.对这姑娘我要补充一句的是,像她这么好商量的人是不多见的.[ you would do a good job <do great> if you could find another girl so congenial <so suited to my heart>.]我们去了"小山〞,这是校园里人们幽会trysting的地方.我们坐在一棵老橡树下,她用期待的眼神看着我."我们谈些什么呢?〞她问."逻辑学.〞她想了一会儿,觉得不错,便说："好极了[magnificent].〞67"Logic,〞I said, clearing my throat,"is the science of thinking. Before we can think correctly, we must first learn to recognize the common fallacies of logic. These we will take up tonight.〞68"Wow-dow!〞she cried, clapping her hands delightedly.69 I winced, but went bravely on. "First let us examine the fallacy called Dicto Simpliciter.〞"逻辑学,〞我清了清嗓了,"就是思维的科学.在我们能正确地思维之前,首先必须学会判别逻辑方面的常见谬误.我们今晚就要来谈谈这些.〞"哇!〞她叫了起来,高兴地拍着手.我打了个寒噤,但还是鼓足勇气讲下去："首先我们来考究一下被称为绝对判断的谬误.〞70"By all means,〞she urged, batting her lasheseagerly.71"Dicto Simpliciter means an argument based on an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.〞72 "I agree,〞said Polly earnestly. "I mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything.〞"好呀!"[by all means: of course]〞urged强烈要求她眨了眨眼[batting her lashes:/blink one’s eyes] ,催促着eagerly热切地."绝对判断指的是根据一种无条件的前提推出的论断.譬如说,运动是有益的,因此人人都要运动.〞波利认真地说,"运动是非常有益的,它能增强体质,好处太多了!〞73"Polly,〞I said gently, "the argument is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good. Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise. You must qualify the generalization. You must say exercise is usually good, or exercise is good for most people. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. Do you see?〞"波利,〞我温和地说,"这种论点是谬误.运动有益是一种无条件的前提.比方说,假设你得了心脏病,运动不但无益,反而有害,有不少人医生就不准他们运动.你必须给这种前提加以限制.你应该说,一般来说运动是有益的.或者说,对大多数人是有益的.否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误,懂吗?〞74"No,〞she confessed. "But this is marvy. Do more! Do more!〞75"It will be better if you stop tugging at my sleeve,〞I told her, and when she desisted, I continued. "Next we take up a fallacy called Hasty Generalization. Listen carefully: You can’t speak French. Petey Bellows can’t speak French. I must therefore conclude that nobody at the University of Minnesota can speak French.〞"不懂,〞她坦率地说."这可太有意思了,讲吧!往下讲吧!〞"你最好别拉tugging at我袖子了,〞我对她说.等她松了手,我继续讲："下面我们讲一种被称为草率结论的谬误.你仔细听：你不会讲法语,我不会讲法语,皮蒂也不会讲法语.因此我就会断定在明尼苏达大学谁也不会讲法语.〞76"Really?〞said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?〞77 I hid my exasperation. "Polly, it’s a fallacy. The generalization is reached too hastily. There are too few instances to support such a conclusion.〞78"Know any more fallacies?〞she asked breathlessly. "This is more fun than dancing even.〞"真的?〞波利好奇的问道,"谁也不会吗?〞我压住火气exasperation愤怒."波利,这是一种谬误,这是一种草率的结论exasperation匆忙.能使这种结论成立的例证太少了.〞"你还知道其他的谬误吗?〞她气喘吁吁地说："这真比跳舞还有意思啦!〞79 I fought off a wave of despair. I was getting nowhere with this girl, absolutely nowhere. Still, I am nothing if not persistent. I continued.80"Next comes Post Hoc. Listen to this: Let’s not take Bill on our picnic. Every time we take him out with us, it rains.〞我极力地使自己不灰心.我真拿这姑娘没办法,的确是毫无办法despair绝望.I was making no progress in the coaching of this girl, absolutely not a bit.可是,如果我不坚持下去,我就太没有用了.因此,我继续讲下去. "现在听我讲讲‘牵强附会’的谬误.听着：我们不要带比尔出去野餐.每次带他一起去,天就下雨.〞81"I know somebody just like that,〞she exclaimed. "A girl back home—Eula Becker, her name is. It never fails. Every single time we take her on a picnic—〞82 "Polly,〞I said sharply, "it’s a fallacy. Eula Becker doesn’t cause the rain. She has no connection with the rain. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.〞"我就见过这样的人,〞她感叹地说."我们家乡有个女孩,名叫尤拉·蓓克尔.从没有例外,每次我们带她去野餐……〞"波利,〞我严厉地说,"这是一种谬误.下雨并不是尤拉蓓克尔造成的,下雨与她没有任何关系.如果你责怪尤拉·蓓克尔,你就是犯了牵强附会的错误.〞83"I’ll never do it again,〞she promised contritely."Are you mad at me?〞84 I sighed deeply. "No, Polly, I’m not mad.〞85"Then tell me some more fallacies.〞86"All right. Let’s try Contradictory Premises.〞87"Yes, let’s,〞she chirped, blinking her eyes happily."我再也不这样了,〞她懊悔地保证说."你生我的气了吗?〞我深深地叹了一口气："不,波利,我没生气.〞"那么,给我再讲些谬误吧!〞"好,让我们来看看矛盾前提吧.〞"行,行,〞她叽叽喳喳地叫着[鸟叫chirped],两眼闪现出快乐的光芒.88 I frowned, but plunged ahead. "Here’s an example of Contradictory Premises: If God can do anything, can He make a stone so heavy that He won’t be able to lift it?〞89 "Of course,〞she replied promptly.90"But if He can do anything, He can lift the stone,〞I pointed out.91 "Yeah,〞she said thoughtfully. "Well, then I guess He can’t make the stone.〞92"But He can do anything,〞I reminded her.93 She scratched her pretty, empty head. "I’m all confused,〞she admitted.我皱了皱眉头frowned,但还是接着讲下去[plung:突降]."这里有一个矛盾前提的例子：如果上帝是万能的,他能造出一块连他自己也搬不动的大石头吗?〞"当然能,〞她毫不犹豫地回答道."但是如果他是万能的,他就能搬动那块石头呀,〞我提醒她."是嘛!〞她若有所思thoughtfully地说,"嗯,我想他造不出那样的石头.〞"但他是万能的啊,〞我进一步提醒她.她用手抓了抓她那漂亮而又空虚的脑袋[scratched弃权]."我全搞糊涂了,〞她承认说. 94"Of course you are. Because when the premises of an argument contradict each other, there can be no argument. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. Get it?〞95"Tell me more of this keen stuff,〞she said eagerly."你确实糊涂了.因为一种论点的各个前提premises相互问是矛盾的,这种论点就不能成立.如果有一种不可抗拒的力量．就不可能有一种不可移动的物体；如果有一种不可移动的物体,就不可能有一种不可抗拒的irresistible力量.懂吗?〞"再给我讲些这类新奇的玩意儿吧,〞她恳切地说.96 I consulted my watch. "I think we’d better call it a night. I’ll take you home now, and you go over all the things you’ve learned. We’ll have another session tomorrow night.〞我看了看表,说："我想今晚就谈到这里[call it a night: I think we’d better stop here tonight ].我现在该送你回去了.你把所学的东西复习一遍,我们明晚上再来上一课session吧.〞97 I deposited her at the girls’dormitory, where she assured me that she had had a perfectly terrif evening, and I went glumly home to my room. Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. For a moment I considered waking him and telling him that he could have his girl back. It seemed clear that my project was doomed to failure. The girl simply had a logic-proof head.我把她送[deposited: put <something somewhere> firmly; drop <compare: place or put>]到了女生宿舍,在那里她向我保证说这个晚上她过得非常痛快[terrif好极了].我闷闷不乐地glumly 回到了我的房间,皮蒂正鼾声如雷snoring地睡在床上.那件浣熊皮大衣像一头多毛的hairy野兽beast扒在他的脚边[huddled挤在一起].我当时真想把他叫醒,告诉他可以把他的女朋友要回去.看来我的计划会要落空了.这姑娘对逻辑简直是一点儿都不开窍.98 But then I reconsidered. I had wasted one evening; I might as well waste another. Who knew? Maybe somewhere in the extinct craterof her mind a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Admittedly it was not a prospec t fraught with hope, but I decided to give it one more try.但是我回过头一想,既然已经浪费了一个晚上,不妨还是再花一个晚上看看.天晓得,说不定她头脑里的死火山口[crater:死火山crater of an extinct <inactive/dead> volcano/dormant volcano?] 中的什么地方,还有些火星会喷射出来呢.也许我会有办法能把这些火星[embers:余火[small, glowing pieces of coal or wood]扇成熊熊烈焰[smoldered:慢燃burn slowly and without a flame].当然,[充满filled with/charged with]成功的希望是不大的,但我还是决定再试一次.No one knew what the outcome might be. Maybe somewhere in the corner of her mind which was like the crater of an extinct <dead/inactive> volcano, some embers <small, glowing pieces of coal or wood> still burned slowly and flamelessly. Maybe I could blow <stir> the embers into flame. I had to admit that the chance of my making it <completing the mission> was very small, but I decided to give it one more shot <do it one more time>.99 Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam.〞100 She quivered with delight.第二天晚上我们又坐在那棵橡树下,我说："今晚上我们要谈的第一种谬误叫做文不对题.〞她高兴得都发抖quivered了.。
love is a fallacy 总结.doc
love is a fallacy 总结.docLove is a Fallacy, or “爱是一种谬论”，是Max Shulman创作的一篇小故事。
故事主要围绕着主人公利奥，一位自认为聪明的年轻学生，试图通过授课的方式来让他的搭档波莉爱上他，从而成为他的女友。
故事有趣而幽默，传达了一些有关逻辑和相爱关系的值得思考的信息。
故事颠覆了传统对“爱情”的看法。
它认为爱情是错误的、没有逻辑的想法，是一种“谬论”。
作者通过利奥的学习，启示了人们的思维方式应该是逻辑的、理性的，而非凭借感性来做出决定。
虽然，作者在文中批判了爱情的表现形式、展示了许多荒谬的判断行为，却并不否认真正的爱情的存在。
故事通过利奥的授课过程完整地展现了很多逻辑学的重要元素，如演绎法和陈述法等。
它让读者们认识到，逻辑思维是人们需要在生活中并行不懈的修炼和提升的能力。
并不仅仅存在于学术研究和数学推导中。
故事让读者们认识到，谷类对逻辑的运用可以存在于生活中，并能够帮助人们做出理性的判断。
故事的主角是一对青年男女，这些人都在学习阶段。
这透露了在如今这个知识经济时代，教育和理性能力的重要性。
故事描述了青年的困惑、爱情的盲目、无视利用逻辑思维的情感等问题。
这些问题是大多数年轻人都会遇到的。
也让人们意识到，爱情是一种复杂而又美丽的情感，而利用逻辑思维的方式谈恋爱，或许是一个值得探讨的方式。
总之，“爱是一种谬论”是一篇优秀的短篇小说，它让读者们思考逻辑思维的重要性，以及理性思考和维护人际关系之间的平衡。
故事有趣而深刻，让读者们去思考爱情、性别、逻辑思维和文化值等方面的问题。
love-is-a-fallacy-爱情是谬误
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
爱情是谬误——精选推荐
《爱情是谬误》中的修辞手法与幽默效果探微【摘要】美国幽默大师马克斯·舒尔曼的幽默叙事作品《爱情是谬误》讲述了三个普通美国大学生的校园爱情故事,充满了趣味和幽默。
本文通过具体例证,分析《爱情是谬误》中幽默的具体表现形式,指出修辞手法是实现幽默效果的有效手段。
【关键词】《爱情就是谬误》；幽默；修辞Rhetorical Devices to Achieve Humorous Effects in Love is a FallacyZeng Wei-kunAbstract: Love is a Fallacy , by American humorist Max Shulman , narrates a satirical love story between three college students .Various rhetorical devices are applied to achieve humorous effects in the text , which is chiefly illustrated in this essay.Key words: Love is a Fallacy; humor ; rhetorical devices《爱情是谬误》（Love is a Fallacy）是美国作家马克思·舒尔曼（Max Shulman）的一篇幽默小品文。
作者通过一个看似矛盾的标题，以谬误为线索，围绕着一件浣熊皮大衣，引出了一个发生在三个大学生之间的生动而幽默的故事，从而似乎圆满地论证了“爱情是谬误”这一命题的正确性。
修辞是一门言语表达的艺术。
《爱情是谬误》除了采用丰富的俚语和俗语以外，还使用了大量的修辞手法，语言生动、富有戏剧性,具有极大的感染性和艺术性。
本文以该篇文章为例，分析其中各种修辞技巧，指出修辞所具有的语言艺术魅力。
一、明喻(simile)明喻是最常见的修辞方法之一，就是将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物加以对比，用另一种事物比方所要说明的事物，使语言形象生动。
love is a fallacy的修辞艺术
ove is a fallacy的修辞艺术1. 爱情的虚幻性爱情被认为是一种神圣的情感，但实际上它也有虚幻的一面。
爱情有时会让人感到欢乐，但也可能会让人失望。
爱情可以让人拥有无限的希望，但也可能会让人绝望。
爱情可以让人感受到美好的幸福，但也可能会让人感到无助。
爱情可以让人拥有无尽的力量，但也可能会让人感到无助。
爱情可以让人拥有真实的快乐，但也可能会让人感到空虚。
爱情有时会让人感到安全，但也可能会让人感到不安。
爱情可以让人拥有无尽的美好，但也可能会让人感到痛苦。
爱情可以让人拥有无限的梦想，但也可能会让人感到失望。
爱情可以让人拥有无尽的持久力，但也可能会让人感到空虚。
爱情可以让人拥有无尽的勇气，但也可能会让人感到恐惧。
总而言之，爱情是一种虚幻的情感，它既可以给人带来幸福，也可以给人带来痛苦。
2. 爱情的谬误爱情有时会让人们盲目地追求，以至于忽略了最重要的事情：爱情本身。
人们会把爱情当做一种财富，而不是一种情感，这就是爱情的谬误。
人们会把爱情当做一种工具，用来获得财富和地位，而不是一种温暖的感情。
人们会把爱情当做一种游戏，用来获得胜利，而不是一种真正的情感。
这些谬误使得人们忽略了爱情的真正含义，也使得爱情变得更加脆弱。
3. 爱情的虚假性爱情是一种虚假的情感，它可以让人们感到有安全感，但它也可以让人们陷入痛苦的困境。
爱情可以让人们变得更加自私，甚至可以让人们失去理智。
爱情可以让人们变得更加自私，甚至可以让人们失去理智。
爱情可以让人们变得更加自私，甚至可以让人们失去理智。
爱情可以让人们变得更加自私，甚至可以让人们失去理智。
爱情可以让人们变得更加自私，甚至可以让人们失去理智。
爱情可以让人们变得更加自私，甚至可以让人们失去理智。
爱情可以让人们变得更加自私，甚至可以让人们失去理智。
爱情可以让人们失去理智，从而让人们做出一些他们后悔的事情。
爱情可以让人们放弃自己的价值观，甚至可以让人们变得更加自私。
爱情可以让人们做出一些可能会损害他人的事情，而不去考虑后果。
LoveisaFallacy翻译
Love is a Fallacy 翻译标签：分类：2008-04-12 10:02查尔斯．兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》无拘无束、自由奔放。
实在令人难忘。
下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。
实际上，用“自由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切，或许用“柔软”、“轻松”或“轻软而富有弹性”更为恰如其分。
尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类，但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。
它提出了论点。
引用了许多例证，并得出了结论。
卡菜尔能写得更好吗罗斯金呢？这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于关感和激情，并给人以启迪。
诸位不妨一读。
？——作者注我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。
敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点。
我的大脑像发电机一样发达，孳化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。
一一你知道吗我才十八岁呀。
年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。
就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂·伯奇来说吧，他跟我年龄相哆’经历一样，可他笨得像头驴。
小伙子长得年轻漂亮，可惜脑子里却空空如也。
他易于激动，情绪反复无常，容易受别人的影响。
最糟的是他爱赶时髦。
我认为，赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。
见到一q9种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么干，自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。
一天下午我看见皮蒂躺在床上，脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表情，我立刻断定他是得了阑尾炎。
“别动，”我说，“别吃泻药，我就请医生来。
”？“浣熊，”他咕哝着说。
？“浣熊”我停下来问道。
“我要一件浣熊皮大衣，”他痛苦地哭叫着。
我明白了，他不是身体不舒服，而是精神上不太正常。
“你为什么要浣熊皮大衣”“我本早该知道，”他哭叫着，用拳头捶打着太阳穴，“我早该知道查尔斯登舞再度流行时，浣熊皮大衣也会时兴起来的。
我真傻，钱都买了课本，可现在不能买浣熊皮大衣了。
love is a fallacy 爱情是谬误
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
因此我就会断定在明尼苏达大学谁也不会讲法语。
”。
这明显是一种谬误，这是一种草率的结论。
因为支持这种结论的例证太少了。
3. 牵强附会（Post Hoc）的谬误。
例子如下：“我们不要带比尔出去野餐。
每次带他一起去，天就下雨。
” 这是一种谬误。
下雨并不是尤拉蓓克尔造成的，下雨与她没有任何关系。
love-is-a-fallacy-爱情是谬误
在进入今天主题，讲述我和小美的故事之前我想先给大家推荐这样的一片文章，其实正是因为我自己的经历我才深深的懂得了这篇文章的内在，而我希望将它跟大家分享，如果你在爱情里面遇到类似的问题，那么我相信这篇文章会给你一点启示的，当然同时，你也可以提升自己的英文。
Love Is a Fallacy《爱情是个谬误》这是一篇我非常喜欢的文章，这也是在大学里我教授的三年级外语专业学生高级英语课本里面的一篇经典文章，国外的大学生也会同步在写作课学习这篇文章。
以前我喜欢它只是单纯把它当做一篇幽默的文章来对待，其实也没有深深的去体会过其中滋味，但是现在我才真正体会到为什么爱情是一个谬误。
主人公是一个非常自信甚至很自负的法学院大一男生Dobbie,他自认为又帅，又有才，他看上了自己室友的女友，很想得到那个女生，但是这个女生Polly 只是一个表面很漂亮但却很没有脑子的女生，所以Dobbie决定要先改变这个女孩，把她变聪明之后再得到她。
当然第一步是得先得到室友的同意。
室友是一个拜金狂，依然没有脑子，于是Dobbie用一件浣熊大衣作为交换条件就轻松得到了室友的许可，于是就和Polly开始约会了。
约会的内容就是教不同的逻辑谬误给Polly，为的就是让她变聪明，因为主人公认为逻辑是让人变聪明的法宝，于是约会就这么开始了，他教授的逻辑问题如下：1. 绝对判断（Dicto Simpliciter）的谬误。
例子如下：“运动是非常有益的，它能增强体质，所以每个人都应该做运动!”，这个论断是明显错误的，因为运动有益是一种无条件的前提。
比方说，假设你得了心脏病，运动不但无益，反而有害，有不少人医生就不准他们运动。
你必须给这种前提加以限制。
你应该说，一般来说运动是有益的。
或者说，对大多数人是有益的。
否则就是犯了绝对判断的错误2. 草率结论（Hasty Generalization）的谬误。
例子如下：“你不会讲法语，我不会讲法语，皮蒂也不会讲法语。
love is a fallacy一文中修辞手段的应用
love is a fallacy一文中修辞手段的应用美国著名的幽默作家Max Shu man的精彩之作Love is aFallcy;语句幽默,运用了多种修辞方法,充满讽刺意味,达到了很好的语言表现效果。
明喻：一种最常见的修辞方法,就是将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物加以对比,用另一种事物比方所要说明的事物，使语言形象生动0Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellowv as you wa month of Sundaysmcet h ypineo sous ie poerhlas a dgnmo as prcie as a chenefs scales as penetrating as a scalpel 暗喻：隐喻要靠读者自己去意会的比喻。
隐喻没有指明两个不同事物共同点而是用一个具有形象意义的词来直接称谓代替)某个事物。
这情,更具表that logic, far fion being a dry pedantic discipline, is a living breath inth ing fill of beauty passion, and traumaMaybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her m ind a fwembers still smolded Maybe samehow I cou ld fan them into flamt借代：文章时不直接说出所要表达的人或事物,而是借用与它有密切相关的人或事物来代替,这种修辞方法叫借代。
恰当地运用代可以突出事物的本质特征,增强语言的形象性,而且可以使文笔简洁精炼,语言富于变化和幽默感移就：又称词语移用,就是有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物，是在特殊语言环境中改变词语搭配关系的一种临时迁用。
从语言逻辑上看,好像不合规范,也不合情理,但在具体的语言环境中,它却能赋予个词语以新的意义,增强语言的表达效0I said with mysterious wink and closed my bag and left” pa40Amyseriouswink 就是一个典型的移就的例子。
LoveisaFallacy解读
爱情就是谬误马克斯舒尔曼查尔斯．兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》无拘无束、自由奔放。
实在令人难忘。
下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加自由奔放。
实际上，用“自由奔放”的字眼来形容这篇文章并不十分确切，或许用“柔软”、“轻松”或“轻软而富有弹性”更为恰如其分。
尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类，但可以肯定它是一篇散文小品文。
它提出了论点。
引用了许多例证，并得出了结论。
卡菜尔能写得更好吗?罗斯金呢?这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于关感和激情，并给人以启迪。
诸位不妨一读。
——作者注我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。
敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点。
我的大脑像发电机一样发达，孳化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。
一一你知道吗?我才十八岁呀。
年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。
就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂·伯奇来说吧，他跟我年龄相哆’经历一样，可他笨得像头驴。
小伙子长得年轻漂亮，可惜脑子里却空空如也。
他易于激动，情绪反复无常，容易受别人的影响。
最糟的是他爱赶时髦。
我认为，赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。
见到一 q9种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么干，自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。
一天下午我看见皮蒂躺在床上，脸上显露出一种痛苦不堪的表情，我立刻断定他是得了阑尾炎。
“别动，”我说，“别吃泻药，我就请医生来。
”“浣熊，”他咕哝着说。
“浣熊?”我停下来问道。
“我要一件浣熊皮大衣，”他痛苦地哭叫着。
我明白了，他不是身体不舒服，而是精神上不太正常。
“你为什么要浣熊皮大衣?”“我本早该知道，”他哭叫着，用拳头捶打着太阳穴，“我早该知道查尔斯登舞再度流行时，浣熊皮大衣也会时兴起来的。
我真傻，钱都买了课本，可现在不能买浣熊皮大衣了。
”我带着怀疑的眼神问道：“你是说人们真的又要穿浣熊皮大衣吗?”“校园里有身分的人哪个不穿?你刚从哪儿来?”“图书馆，”我说了一个有身分的人不常去的地方。
love is a fallacy爱情观
love is a fallacy爱情观“Love is a fallacy”这句话指的是“爱情是谬论”，定义了一些人对爱情的看法。
这种观点引出了一些对爱情的讨论，相信很多人会对这个话题状态很感兴趣。
在这篇文章中，我将逐步分析这个论点并阐述我的观点。
第一步，解释“谬论”的意思。
谬论是指无法证明却被人们普遍固守的信念。
关于爱情和婚姻的看法，往往是因为被文化和传统的束缚而产生的。
很多人会相信，爱情是存在的一种特殊的感情，它经常伴随着人们的幸福，让他们感到完美和满足。
但是这种看法并没有被科学证明，也没有任何证据能够表明，它是真的。
第二步，列举对于论点的支持或是反驳的证据。
对于这个问题，很多人会有不同的看法。
有些人会认为，爱情是存在的，只需要找到对的人，并付出真诚的感情，就能得到相应的回报。
不过，也有一些人不相信爱情的存在，他们认为情感只是瞬间的感性冲动，而且情绪的波动是容易变化的，所以爱情只是短暂的和虚无的。
第三步，提出个人的看法并解释其原因。
在我的观点中，我认为爱情是存在的。
尽管这是一种难以解释的情感，但是我相信在有些人身上，爱情的感觉是很真实的。
当你找到一个你想在一起，能够彼此了解并在一起共度一生的伴侣时，爱情就会存在。
当然，这个观点也有一些限制，比如在关于感情的自由、相互尊重和信任等方面也可以帮助更好地维持关系的稳定。
总结起来，爱情是一个充满争议的话题。
尽管有些人认为它是一种谬论，没有被证实，但是我相信爱情是存在的，并能够实现和持久。
当然，每个人的看法和经历都是不同的，人们应该随着自己的感受和信仰，去寻找属于自己的爱情观。
Love is a Fallacy翻译
Love is a Fallacy翻译爱情是一种谬见爱情是人类共同的情感，追求爱情也是人类不变的主题之一。
然而，对于一些人来说，他们将爱情视为一种谬见，认为它是社会的产物，存在于人们的幻想中。
本文将从不同的角度探讨爱情是一种谬见的观点。
首先，爱情被视为一种情感的盲目追求。
爱情中的人们常常盲目地追求与被追求，并忽视了对方的真正品质和个性。
他们只看重对方的外貌和某种表面的吸引力，而忽视了更重要的内涵和价值。
因此，爱情成为了一种过于沉迷于情感的行为，是对理性思考的一种逃避。
其次，爱情的产生往往是基于短暂的欲望。
人们在追求爱情时，常常被一时的感觉和冲动所左右，而忽视了与对方建立长久、稳定关系的考虑。
在这种情况下，爱情往往只是一种短暂的激情，不具备持续的价值和可靠性。
因此，有人认为，爱情是一种短暂幻觉，不值得过多追求和投入。
再次，爱情的产生往往是建立在错误的认知基础之上。
人们常常对对方产生一种偏见和扭曲的认知，过分夸大对方的优点，而对缺点和不足视而不见。
这种错误的认知会在情感的冲动下带来一种不切实际的追求，使爱情成为一种与现实脱离的理想状态。
因此，爱情往往是建立在错误的认知和幻觉之上的，失去了现实的基础。
最后，爱情往往被人们用来满足自己的利益和欲望。
人们在追求爱情时，常常关注自己得到什么，而对对方的需求和感受漠不关心。
这种自私的追求使得爱情成为了一种功利的行为，而非真正的情感交流和关系建立。
因此，爱情常常被人们利用来满足自己的欲望和利益，而忽视了对方的感受和需求。
综上所述，爱情是一种谬见。
它是盲目追求、短暂欲望、错误认知和自私利益等因素的产物。
尽管爱情在人们的心中具有美好和浪漫的形象，但我们不能忽视它背后存在的种种问题和缺陷。
因此，要对爱情保持理性和客观的态度，避免陷入一种不切实际的追求和幻想之中。
爱情不是生活的全部，只有在理性的基础上才能实现真正的情感交流和关系建立。
love is a fallacy(英语修辞与写作 lecture 6-1)
Writing Style
Max Shulman has a good style. The story goes forward at a fast pace with racy dialogues full of American colloquialism and slang. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid. He use ultra learned terms to reveal the conceit of the narrator and clipped vulgar forms to illustrate Polly Espy’s limited intellectual capability. He also use figurative language profusely and inversion for emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. The combination of all these help to make the story realistic, as one would expect a freshman to talk like that.
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Exercise Analyze the logic fallacy in each of the following statements
1. I asked six of my friends what they thought of the new spending restraints and they agreed it is a good idea. The new restraints are therefore generally popular.
love is a fallacy英文赏析
The story was set in one of the Universities in the United States of America. Dobie, according to his own assessment, is a cool, logical, keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute guy who wanted to have a girl named Polly. Polly was a beautiful, gracious, intelligent girl. Polly by then was dating the main character's roommate Petey. Petey was eager to have a raccoon coat so that he can be in the swim as the Big Men in campus. Dobie wanted to exchange the girl by giving him a raccoon coat. The narrator’s tone was humorous in the later story when he was hanging out with Polly and he thought he was excellent enough to date with Polly. Rather than being nothing upstairs and emotional type just like Petey, he taught Polly 8 logic fallacies in order to make her smart. However, it is a satire that the girl turn down Dobie’s request of being his girlfriend with the logical statement Dobie taught her. And it is also a satire that Polly finally received Petey’s love just because he had a raccoon coat.The love relationship between the three characters is actually a fallacy itself. Dobie thought love was only to be a perfect guy so as to deserve a perfect girlfriend. After his great endeavor to perfect Polly to have a logic thinking, Polly got her acknowledge of love, that is follow her own desire. Petey thought he lost his lover when he accept Dobie’s raccoon coat, however, he was the last one to own Polly as he had a raccoon coat. All the three were given the result they hadn’t expected at first.In my opinion, the funny story was exiting due to the wrong personalvalue in campus and society. Petey was dying of being in the swim first. If he hadn’t had this thought or the school wouldn’t take library as a unnoticeable place, Dobie therefore couldn’t had the chance to get close to Polly while Petey could go steady with her from the beginning. We can also criticize the society of forming the value that lover is determined to be the wife in the later time. Or you could have the priority to choose someone since you are better than others in some area. Love is equal, and you have no right to reshape the girl or boy since you want to.。
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Logical fallacies in the story
Dicto Simpliciter Hasty generalization Post hoc Contradictory premises Ad Misericordiam (Appeal to pity) False analogy Hypothesis contrary to fact Poisoning the well (Ad Hominem)
Writing Style
Max Shulman has a good style. The story goes forward at a fast pace with racy dialogues full of American colloquialism and slang. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid. He use ultra learned terms to reveal the conceit of the narrator and clipped vulgar forms to illustrate Polly Espy’s limited intellectual capability. He also use figurative language profusely and inversion for emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. The combination of all these help to make the story realistic, as one would expect a freshman to talk like that.
2.
3. 4. 5.
Analyze the logic fallacy in each of the following statements
6. Religion obviously weakens the political strength of a country. After all, Rome fell after the introduction of Christianity. 7. We should discount what Premier Klein says about taxation because he won’t be hurt by the increase. 8. A society is free if and only if liberty is maximized and people are required to take responsibility for their actions. 9. You say I shouldn’t drink, but you haven’t been sober for more than a year. 10. Employees are like nails. Just as nails must be hit in the head in order to make them work, so must employees.
About the story
The narrator of the story is Dobie Gills, a freshman in a law school who is proud of his logic reasoning and general intellectual capability. Dobie Gills grapples with Petey Bellows, whose girlfriend he hopes that he can persuade to give up and Polly Espy, Petey’s girlfriend he intends to marry after he has improves her. He is quite sure of his final success because he is smarter and it is only logical that the girl will choose him. However, the result is a great surprise to him because the girl turns down his proposal and choose Petey Burch, all because of what Dobie Gills regards as a “silly reason”, thus proving that “Love is a fallacy”.
Rhetorical devices in the story
1. 2. Inversion (Cool was I and logical. // Beautiful she was. Gracious she was. Intelligent she was not. ) Metaphor (My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.) Rhetorical question (What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?) Simile (My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as scalpel.) Hyperbole (It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.) Ellipsis (Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox.)
Love Is a Fallacy
By Max Shulman
About the author
Max Shulman(1919-1988): one of America’s best-known humorists. Max is a writer of many talents---he has written novels, stories, Broadway plays, movie scenarios, and television scripts. The present text is taken from The Many Loves of Dobie Gills(1951). Dobie Gills, the narrator , is a typical American teen who frequently suffers from romantic angst. The character appeared on a popular televion sitcom during the 1950s and was in a feature film in 1953.
4. 5.
6.
Rhetorical devices in the story
7. Metonymy (She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head.) 8. Antithesis (It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.) 9. Analogy (It was like digging a tunnel. At first, everything was work, sweat, and darkness. … But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.) 10. Understatement (It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl.)
Exercise Analyze the logic fallacy in each of the following statements
1. I asked six of my friends what they thought of the new spending restraints and they agreed it is a good idea. The new restraints are therefore generally popular. Immigration to Alberta from Ontario increased. Soon after, the welfare rolls increased. Therefore, the increased immigration caused the increased welfare rolls. If I had studied harder, I would definitely have passed that test. Watching television is a waste of time. We hope you’ll accept our recommendations. We spent the last three months working extra time on it.