(self)it,one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those

it，one，ones，that，those表替代 it，one，ones，that，those可以用来代替上文中提到的名词，以避免重复。

现将其用法归纳如下：
1. it
1) 代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物(同名同物)，不能带修饰语： ---Do you want the magazine? ---Yes，I want it.
I don't want to drink the tea．It is too hot．
2) it用作人称代词时，可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语，也可替代性别不明的婴儿。

Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.
No, she was not at home last night. What about it?
It would be a pity to miss it.
It is not worth getting upset.
It's probable that we'll be a little late.
I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.
She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.
George made it dear that he disagreed.
2. one
1）代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，表泛指（同类但不是同一）
前面可以有冠词或形容词，也可以有this或that或another，但
前不能有物主代词：
I have 1ost my pen．I’m going to buy one.
This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one.
I prefer this one to that one.
比较：
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden.
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden.
（不能说：... a one with a garden.）
2）one作为不定人称代词, 可泛指“任何一个人”，有one's和oneself 形式。

多用于正式文体，口语中也可用he/his代替第二个one/one's.
One has to take care of oneself and one's family if he can.
One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.
If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide.
(如果一个人想看那废墟, 他必须找自己的向导。

)
One of the girl students hasn't handed in _____ composition.
A. one's
B. his
C. their
D. her
3．ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，表泛指，前面不用物主代词修饰，也不用these或those来直接修饰，除非ones前面有形容词：
I have a new coat and several old ones.
These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones.
4 the one替代表特指的单数名词：
Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best.
Hand me my coat. It's the one hanging on the wall.
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.
5 the ones替代表特指的复数名词：
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.
I’d like to try on those shoes，the ones at the front of the window.
Are they the ones who moved here recently?
6．that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类不同一的东西。

that既可代替不可数名词，又可代替单数可数名词，其后总有后置定语，一般不指人：
1) Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in town.
I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.
2) 指代可数名词时，that相当于the one
My room is better than that/the one next door.
3) 若后置定语为of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。

The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.
The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
7．those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指;有时the ones和those可互换使用，常有后置定语：
The students in our class work harder than those in their class.
The book is more difficult than those we have read before. Students who do well in examinations are those ［the ones］ who like to ask questions in class.
观察并分析下列句子中的one/ones:
1 I’m reading a new book these days , _____ in English.
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. which
2 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. (02全国 35)
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
3. My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22)
A. one
B. the one
C. he
D. someone
总之：
1．one/ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指代单数, ones 指代复数，所代替的是同名异物，表示泛指，可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用，特指时必须加 the，用the one/ones。

2． that用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词, 表特指其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those。

that指代可数名词时，相当于the one ；those相当于the ones。

3．it特指上文提到过的同名同物，不能带修饰语；可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语用以代替不定式、动名词或从句作主语/宾语，也可指性别不明的婴儿。

比较：
1 Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one.
Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry，I’m using it.
2 My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much.
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.
3 替代表特指的单数名词可用 it， that， the one。

1）替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。

Who is her husband? —The one by the window.
（只能用 the one，替代人）
2）当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。

如：
Which do you want?—The red one.
She would rather have the small one than the large one.
3）当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。

如：
He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。

Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗? 4）若后置定语为of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。

5 those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of 引导的介词短语
或 who 引导的定语从句修饰时。

如：
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。

Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间
想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。

His ideas are little different from those of his friends.
6. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用 one（s）来替代。

如：
Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? （不能说：... or tea ones? ）
但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用 one（s）替代。

如：
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones.
练习：
1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
2. ---Do you like ______ here?
---Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
A. this
B. these
C. that
D. it
3. I’m reading a new book these days , _____ in English.
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. which
4. Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.
A. one
B. the ones
C. some
D. the others
5. — Have you ever seen a snake alive ? —Yes , I’ve seen _____.
A. that
B. so
C. one
D. it
6. I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. one
7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，____ I will always treasure.
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
8. —May I help you with some shoes，sir?
—Yes，I’d like to try on those white___.
A. one
B. ones
C. two
D. pair
填空：
1 The vase on the left is more beautiful than __________ on the right.
2 The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than __________in Mexico.
3 His younger sister is taller than the elder ___.
4 I need the plastic bags, not the paper____ .
4 I like the vase better than _____________ in another shop.
5 The windows of your flat are cleaner than _________of mine.
6 A grandparent’s job is easier than ______ of a parent.
7 The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while
________ in their school aren’t.
8 The style of the building is similar to _________ of a temple.
9 A CD player made in Japan costs more than ________made in China.
10 I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new
_______soon.
巩固练习：
1. If I can help _____ , I don't like working late into the night.
(06全国I 26)
A. so
B. that
C. it
D. them
2. My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22)
A. one
B. the one
C. he
D. someone
3. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town. (06湖南 26)
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
4. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed _____ to _____ and then posted it at the nearby post
office. (06安徽 34)
A. it; her
B. it; herself
C. herself; her
D. herself; herself
5. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _____ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's. (05天津 15)
A. one
B. that
C. it
D. this
6. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. (05江苏 26)
A. ones
B. one
C. that
D. those
7. We've been looking at houses but haven't found _____ we like yet. (05浙江20)
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. then
8. Cars do cause us some health problems － in fact far more serious
_____ than mobile phones do.(05江西 24)
A. one
B. ones
C. it
D. those
9. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had. (04全国I 24)
A. it
B. one
C. himself
D. another
10. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (04全国II 27)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
11. － Do you like _____ here?
－ Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life, everything is nice. (04全国Ⅲ 32)
A. this
B. these
C. that
D. it
12. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. (02全国 35)
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
答案及简要分析：1.C it用作人称代词,指已知的情况 2.B the one = the relative特指我在美国真正出名的亲戚 3.D it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to look after…作宾语 4.B it指前面提到过的postcard 5.A one = a flat 表示泛指 6.C that代替不可数名词the air,表示特指 7.A one = a house 表示泛指 8.B ones = health problems表示泛指 9.B one = a new cupboard 表示泛指 10.C it指已知的情况 11.D it指已知的情况 12.B one = a moment表示泛指。