四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-动物遗传育种学

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中国农业大学2010年考博专业课真题

（各位好，有些地方记得不一定准啊）
中国农大2010年考博遗传真题
一、名词解释（每个4分，共32分）
1、表达序列标签（EST）
2、细胞凋亡
3、等位基因排斥
4、基因转换
5、假基因
6、增强子
7、BAC、YAC载体
8、功能基因组学
二、简述（每个8分，共40分）
1、什么是α互补？
2、miRNA产生及其作用机制？
3、什么是噬菌体的展示技术？
4、什么是表观遗传学？
5、什么是转录后的基因沉默？
三、论述题（三选二，每题14分）
1、各种转座子的结构及其作用机制？
2、论述动植物质量基因的定位方法及基因定位准确性验证？
3、论述分子遗传学的未来发展方向？
中国农大2010年考博基因工程真题
一、名词解释（每个6分，共30分）
BAC，Nick translation，cDNA，HAT选择
二、简述
1、简述同位克隆的原理和步骤。

2、PCR与RAPD的原理与区别。

3、已知一段未知功能的基因克隆如何验证其功能，以你熟悉的一种作物为例加以说明。

4、琼脂糖凝胶电脉分离DNA与聚丙烯酰氨分离蛋白质的异同点。

5、三种基因转化的方法，并说明其原理。

三、论述题
试论述基因工程（植物）的研究进展及在农业生产中的意义。

中国农大2010年考博英语题型
一、词汇题（20分）：1、同义词选择，2、词义与词性选择。

二、阅读理解（40分）：6篇文章
三、完形填空（15分）
四、翻译（10分）：英译汉
五、作文（15分）。

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-兽医临床诊断学

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题科目名称：3089兽医临床诊断学(总分：100分)适用专业：临床兽医学考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、多项选择题（请选出每题的所有正确答案，漏选或多选，该小题均不得分；每小题2分，共20分）1. 下列指标，那一项对脱水程度判定最为可靠（）。

A. 皮肤弹性减退B. 血液浓缩C. 尿量减少或无尿D. PCV升高2. 湿咳多见于（）。

A. 肺炎B. 结核钙化期C. 胸膜炎D. 气管异物E. 肺水肿F. 肺脓肿3. 犬呕吐不止甚至出现干呕，空腹也发生，多见于（）。

A. 脑部损伤B. 过食C. 食物性胃肠炎D. 食道异物阻塞E. 中毒F. 肠梗阻4. 多尿可见于下列（）情况。

A.大量饮水或输液后B.慢性肾炎C.膀胱结石D.呕吐或腹泻E.急性肾炎F.犬糖尿病5. 白细胞数减少，见于（）。

A. 炎症性疾病B. 犬瘟热等病毒病C. 细菌感染D. 放射性损伤E. 白血病F. 化脓性疾病6. 下列因素，哪些可引起猪出现流产（）。

A. 细小病毒感染B. 大肠杆菌感染C. 猪瘟D. 霉败饲料E. 弓形体感染F. 伪狂犬病7. 犬腹部触诊检查时，发现腹腔有质地坚实的团块，可能是（）。

A. 子宫蓄脓B. 肿瘤C. 妊娠的胎儿D. 肾脏E.肠套叠F. 膀胱结石8. 器质性心内缩期杂音见于（）。

A.心包摩擦音B.房室瓣闭所不全C.房室口狭窄D.动脉口狭窄E.动脉瓣闭所不全F.贫血性杂音9. 肺泡呼吸音减弱或消失，见于（）。

A.大叶性肺炎B.发热C.渗出性胸膜炎D.贫血E.小叶性肺炎F.猪萎缩性鼻炎10. 下列因素，哪些可引起断奶仔猪出现腹泻（）。

A.饲料干燥，饮水不足B.断奶应激C.霉败饲料中毒D.天气突然变冷E.高热性疾病F.饲料粗蛋白过高二、简要回答下列问题（20分）1、怀疑动物肾脏功能障碍，在临床及检验方面，应作哪些项目检查（列出可能出现的病理性变化指标，10分）2、反应反刍兽消化功能障碍的主要指标有哪些，并列出可能的主要变化（10分）三、某规模化养猪场发生疫病，发病猪有逐日增多的趋势，请你作检查，可能的疾病类型有哪些？请阐述检查的主要步骤？（30分）四、在临床检验中，反应肝脏病变的指标主要有哪些？在肝脏病变时上述指标分别有哪些变化？（30分）。

四川农业大学高级动物营养学2008--2011年考博真题

四川农业大学2008年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题动物营养类专业科目名称：3086高级动物营养学(总分：100分)适用专业：考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、术语解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.理想氨基酸平衡模式2.蛋白质周转代谢3.基础代谢4.动态营养需要模型5.饲料养分生物学效价二、填空或选择题（每空或每题1分，共20分）1．饲料在动物体内的消化方式包括、和。

2．新生仔猪最易缺乏的微量元素是，其典型缺乏症状为。

3．幼龄动物缺钙的典型症状是。

4．动物出现肌肉营养不良，可能与缺乏和有关。

5．确定动物养分需要量常采用的方法包括和。

6．动物采食量的长期调节机制一般用理论解释。

7．产蛋家禽的钙需要量很高，一般为非产蛋家禽的倍。

8．下列有机物经燃烧彻底氧化分解后释放热量最高的物质是（）。

A. 蛋白质B. 脂肪C. 碳水化合物D. 纤维素9．下列哪种氨基酸不是猪的必需氨基酸（）。

A. LysB. MetC. IleD. Gly10．下列哪种脂肪酸不是动物的EFA（）。

A. linolenic acidB. linoleic acidC. oleic acidD. arachidonic acid11．反刍动物常用能量体系是（）。

A. DEB. DE and MEC. MED. NE12．下列哪种氨基酸不属于半必需氨基酸（）。

A. 半胱氨酸B. 酪氨酸C. 苯丙氨酸D. 丝氨酸13．下列哪种维生素是唯一含有金属元素的维生素（）。

A. 生物素B. 维生素B2C. 维生素B12D. 维生素B614．不同营养素热增耗不同，其中热增耗最大的是（）。

A. 脂肪B. 蛋白质C. 碳水化合物D. 矿物元素第 1 页共8 页。

遗传育种》重点复习题及参考答案

遗传育种》重点复习题及参考答案《动物遗传育种学》自学考试重点复习题一、名词解释1、一因多效：一个基因具有影响多种性状作用的现象。

（遗传学p123）2、杂种优势：不同种群杂交所产生的杂种后代往往在生活力、生长势和生产性能方面优于两个亲本种群均值的现象。

（育种学p255）3、近交：在畜牧学中，将交配双方到共同祖先的距离在6代以内（或其后代近交系数大于0.78%）的选配方式叫近交。

（育种学p214）4、世代间隔：子代出生时父母的平均年龄（上一代到下一代多经过的平均年限）。

（育种学p134）5、后裔测定：利用后裔信息估计个体育种值也叫后裔测定。

（育种学p150）6、数量性状：由微效多基因控制所决定的、表现为连续性变化且只能用度量衡测定的性状。

（遗传学p175）7、基因互作：非等位基因之间相互作用，共同影响某一性状的现象。

（遗传学p121）8、保种：就是尽量全面、妥善地保护现有家畜遗传资源，使之免受混杂和灭绝的育种工作。

其实质就是使现有畜禽基因库中的基因资源尽量得到全面的保存，无论这些基因目前是否具有利用价值。

（育种学p314）9、伴性遗传：某性状基因位于性染色体上，从而表现出该性状的与性别有一定联系的遗传现象。

（遗传学p134）10、杂合子：个体体细胞内等位基因构成不同的细胞或个体。

（遗传学p113）11、选配：为了达到特定目的，人为确定个体间的交配体制叫选配。

（育种学p206）12、隐性：某一基因在其显性等位基因存在时，不再表现该基因作用效果，而当该基因纯合时却表现该基因作用效果的现象，叫隐性。

（遗传学p111）13、个体测定：利用个体自身信息估计个体育种值也叫个体测定。

（育种学p149）14、选择差：在数量性状选择过程中，选留种群与其所在群体平均值之间的差。

（育种学p123）15、平均日增重：在测定期内的平均每日增重，叫平均日增重。

（育种学p90）16、同胞测定：利用待测个体的同胞信息估计个体育种值也叫同胞测定。

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-高级生物化学

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题科目名称：2080高级生物化学(总分：100分)适用专业：生物类、农学类各专业考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、名词解释（任选做6题，每题5分，多选不计分；5×6=30分，）1. 亲和标记法2. 跨膜信号转导3. Ca2+-ATPase4. 蛋白质模体和结构域5. 蛋白质折叠密码6. DNA分子的拓扑异构体7. 离子载体8. 旋转催化理论二、简答题（任选作5题，每题6分，多选不计分；6×5=30分）1．双倒数法测定Km值的原理是什么，根据该原理推导出另外一个可以用来测定Km的方程。

2．从别构酶的结构特征入手分析其动力学曲线为什么呈S型？3．朊病毒是不是遗传物质？简述理由。

4．为什么His常被选作为酶分子活性中心构成成分?5．生物膜流动性的生理意义何在？。

6. 胞内第二信使Ca2+信号与cAMP信号产生和灭活的区别什么？7．简述酵母双杂交技术的原理和主要应用。

三、论述题（任选作4题，每题10分，多选不计分；10×4=40分）1．举例说明如何利用酶竞争性抑制的机理来寻找或合成控制代谢的药物。

2．举例说明运用抗原-抗体的识别的原理可以开展哪些生物化学与分子生物学研究？3．从DNA和RNA的分子结构和生物学功能出发谈谈为什么地球绝大多数生物选择DNA作为遗传信息的载体而一些病毒选择 RNA作为遗传信息的载体？4．什么是逆转录酶？为什么说端粒酶是一种特殊的逆转录酶？这两种酶各有什么生理意义和实际应用价值？2009年诺贝尔生理医学奖授予美国的三个科学家，他们的研究主题是“染色体如何受到端粒和端粒酶的保护”，谈谈你的感想。

5．阐述生物信息学的介入对核酸、蛋白质结构与功能研究带来的影响。

6．请设计一种获取细胞表面受体的方法。

（阐明设计思路和技术路线）。

340农业知识综合二(动物生理学、动物遗传学、动物营养与饲料、动物繁殖学)

《农业知识综合二（动物生理学、动物遗传学、动物营养与饲料、动物繁殖学）》考试大纲一、考试大纲性质《农业知识综合二》是报考江西农业大学农业硕士畜牧领域专业硕士学位研究生入学考试科目之一。

《农业知识综合二》侧重于动物生产类综合知识的考查。

要求考生理解和掌握动物科学相关基础知识、基本理论和基本方法，能够分析、判断和解决有关实际问题。

考试内容主要涵盖动物生理学、动物遗传育种学、动物营养与饲料学、动物繁殖学等课程。

二、考试要求考生应全面系统地掌握动物生理、动物遗传育种、动物繁殖、动物营养与饲料方面的基本理论和基本知识，并能运用所学知识分析、判断和解决动物生产中的有关实际问题。

三、试卷结构试卷总分150分，其中动物遗传育种学40分，动物繁殖学35分，动物营养与饲料40分，动物生理学35分。

四、考试方式及时间考试方式：笔试，闭卷；考试时间：180分钟。

一、《动物生理学》考试大纲绪论1、体液与内环境的概念2、稳态的概念及其生理意义3、机体生理功能的调节方式第一章细胞的基本功能1、细胞膜物质转运的方式及其机制2、细胞的兴奋性与生物电现象，静息电位和动作电位的概念及其产生机制3、神经肌肉间的兴奋传递过程。

第二章血液1、血液的组成与理化性质，血浆蛋白的功能，血浆渗透压2、红细胞与白细胞的生理功能3、血液凝固与纤维蛋白溶解的机理，促进与延缓血液凝固的方法4、血型的概念、意义及在动物生产中的应用第三章血液循环1、心肌的生物电现象及心肌的生理特性2、心脏的泵血功能，心动周期、心率及心输出量的概念3、动脉血压及其影响因素4、微循环的组成及特点5、组织液的生成及其调节6、心血管活动的神经与体液调节第四章呼吸1、肺通气的原理，胸内压、肺内压、肺容量及肺通气量的概念2、气体的交换过程及运输方式，氧离曲线的生理意义3、神经体液因素对呼吸的调节机理第五章消化与吸收1、动物的采食特点2、消化道平滑肌的生理特性3、胃肠道的运动及其调节4、主要消化液的成分、分泌特点5、主要胃肠激素的生理功能6、反刍动物的消化特点7、主要营养物质的吸收及其原理第六章能量代谢及体温1、基础代谢和静止能量代谢的概念2、动物的产热与散热过程3、恒温动物的体温调节机制第七章排泄与渗透压调节1、尿的理化性质2、肾小球的滤过作用及其影响因素3、肾小管与集合管的重吸收、分泌及排泄作用4、尿生成的调节5、水盐平衡和渗透压调节第八章神经系统1、神经元活动的规律，神经纤维传导兴奋的特征，突触传递的特点2、反射中枢活动的一般规律3、神经系统的感觉与运动功能4、神经系统对内脏活动的调节特点，植物性神经系统的结构及功能特点5、脑的高级机能，条件反射的形成及其意义第九章内分泌1、激素的概念与分类，激素的特点及其作用机制2、下丘脑分泌的主要激素及其生理功能3、垂体分泌的主要激素及其生理功能4、下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴的调节机制5、甲状腺激素的结构、功能及其分泌的调节6、甲状旁腺激素的结构、功能及其分泌的调节7、胰岛激素的结构、功能及其分泌的调节8、肾上腺激素的结构、功能及其分泌的调节第十章生殖与泌乳1、动物的性腺发育特点及生殖周期的概念2、雄性生殖生理，睾丸的生精作用，睾丸激素的功能及其调节3、雌性生殖生理，卵巢的生卵作用，雌激素与孕激素的分泌特点、生理功能及其调节4、乳的生成过程及其调节，排乳反射及其调节参考书目：1.《动物生理学》（第三版），杨秀平、肖向红、李大鹏主编，高等教育出版社，2016年。

四川农大博士高级动物营养学2008-2011

1．根据概略养分分析方法，饲料养分共有六种，分别是水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、无氮浸出物。 2．列出三种能影响动物食欲的微量养分，锌、锰、碘。 3．幼龄动物缺钙的典型症状是佝偻病。 4．动物出现肌肉营养不良，可能与缺乏硒和 VE 有关。 5．确定动物养分需要量常采用的方法包括综合法和析因法。 6．产蛋家禽的钙需要量很高，一般为非产蛋家禽的 4-5 倍。 7．下列有机物经燃烧彻底氧化分解后释放热量最高的物质是（）。 A. proteinsB. lipids C. carbohydratesD. cellulose 8．反刍动物碳水化合物的消化主要在哪个部位进行（）。 A.rumen B. abomasum C.jejunum D. cecum 9. 下列哪种氨基酸不是猪的必需氨基酸（）。 A. Lys B. Met C. IleD. Gly 10．下列哪种脂肪酸不是动物的 EFA（）。 A. linolenic acid B. linoleic acid C. oleic acid 油酸 D. arachidonic acid 11．家禽常用能量体系是（）。 A. DE B. DE and ME C. ME D. NE 12．下列哪种氨基酸不属于半必需氨基酸（）。 A. cysteine B. tyrosine C. phenylalanine D. serine 13．下列哪种维生素是唯一含有金属元素的维生素（）。 A. biotin B. VB2 C. VB12 D. VB6 14．不同营养素热增耗不同，其中热增耗最大的是（）。 A. lipids B. proteins C. carbohydrate D. minerals 15．我国奶牛饲养标准的能量体系采用产奶净能，以 NND 表示，一个 NND 代表的产奶净能是（B） MJ。 A. 3.238 B. 3.138 C. 2.318 D. 3.813 三、计算题（共 25 分） 1．一头小公牛每天采食 9 千克饲料，排出 18 千克粪便。饲料和粪便的组成（%）如下表：粗灰分饲料粪便 8.0 1.33 粗纤维 28.6 9.91 粗脂肪 1.9 0.11 无氮浸出物 36.7 6.20 粗蛋白 15.3 2.10 钙 0.2 0.25

动物遗传育种学总复习试题

遗传育种总复习一、选择题。

1、染色体减数发生在下列哪个时期？【 A 】A．减数分裂第一次分裂 B．减数分裂第二次分裂C．有丝分裂前期 D．有丝分裂中期2、A、B为两个完全连锁的基因，AABB×aabb的F1进行测交，所能产生的后代的基因型有（）种类型。

【 A 】 A、2 B、3 C 、4 D、53、导致母畜怀孕期间胚胎中途夭折或出生时死亡的基因称为（）。

【 A 】 A．致死基因 B．半致死基因 C.有害基因 D．显性基因4、猪的染色体数目是条。

【 C 】 A．60 B．46 C．38 D．665、一DNA分子中，已知A的含量为19%，那么G的含量为（ C ）。

【 C 】 A、19% B、25% C、31% D、不能确定6、关于突变下列叙述正确的是（ C）。

【 C 】A、突变一定有害B、突变一定有利C、突变一般有害D、突变一般有利7、A、B为两个不完全连锁的基因，AABB×aabb的F1进行测交，所能产生的后代的基因型有（）种类型。

【 C 】 A、2 B、3 C 、4 D、58、数量性状选择效果要好，需要（）。

【 C 】 A、遗传变异程度低 B、遗传力低 C、选择强度高 D、环境造成变异程度高相关：要想数量性状选择效果好的条件：1、遗传差异大 2、选择差异大 3、育种值估计准确性高4、世代间隔小5、被选性状的数目N为3-5为宜6、遗传相关（回避同一个群体同时选两个相关的性状）9、水牛的染色体数目是（ 48 ）条。

【 B 】A、60 B、48 C、30 D、2410、一DNA分子中，已知A的含量为19%，G+A的含量为（）。

【 C】A、38%B、50%C、31%D、不能确定11、染色体片段断裂后倒转180度重新连接，是（）。

【 A 】A、倒位B、易位C、占位D、重复12、位于X染色体与Y不同源部分的基因表现出（）。

【 C 】 A、常染色体遗传 B、限性遗传C、伴性遗传D、限雄遗传13、遗传参数中，衡量育种值方差占表型方差比例的是（）。

四川农业大学《遗传学》2022-2023学年期末试卷

四川农业大学2022～2023学年春季学期遗传学课程期末考试试题题号一二三四五六七八总分得分一、判断题（10分，你认为正确的，在题号前写“√”，认为错误的写“×”）1、玉米从雌雄同株转变为雌雄异株，是由于性染色体分离异常的结果。

2、已知基因a和b相距20个图距单位，AAbb×aaBB所产生的F1再与双隐性个体测交，测得重组值为19％，推测这两对基因间发生了双交换，双交换值为1%。

3、自由组合定律中所涉及的基因重组和染色体的自由组合具有平行性，所以基因重组是发生在减数分裂的后期Ⅱ。

4、狭义的染色体重塑过程可以理解为一段染色体在常染色体和异染色体结构之间相互切换。

5、在真核生物细胞中，LINE转座子和SINE转座子都是DNA型转座子。

6、与DNA转座子不同，逆转录型转座子通过转录复制自己，不需要转座酶。

7、小RNA一般抑制基因表达，lncRNA一般激活基因表达。

8、真核基因由一个结构基因与相关的调控区组成，转录产物为多顺反子；原核生物DNA序列中功能相关的RNA和蛋白质基因，往往丛集在基因组的一个或几个特定部位，形成功能单位或转录单位，它们可被一起转录为含有多个mRNA的分子，为单顺反子。

9、RI（重组自交系）群体为暂时性分离群体。

10、同义突变是指位点突变后编码的氨基酸发生了改变。

二、选择题（10分）1、拉布拉多猎犬毛色分为黑色、巧克力色和米色。

将纯合黑色犬与白色犬杂交，F1均为黑色犬，将F 1黑色犬相互交配，F2犬毛色及比例为黑色：巧克力色：米白色=9：3：4。

下列有关分析，正确的是A．米白色相对于黑色为显性B．F2米白色犬有3种基因型C．F2中的巧克力犬相互交配，后代的米白色犬比例为1/16D．F2中米白色犬相互交配，后代可能出现性状分离考生诚信承诺1．本人清楚学校关于考试管理、考场规则、考试作弊处理的规定，并严格遵照执行。

2．本人承诺在考试过程中没有作弊行为，所做试卷的内容真实可信。

2010年中国农业大学中国农业科学院动物营养与动物生物化学真题

中国农业大学2010年博士研究生入学考试试题（动物生物化学）
一、名词解释（15个*2）
联合脱氨肝的生物转化氧化磷酸化 Ribozyme β-氧化尿素循环氮的平衡增色效应操纵子增色效应分子伴侣竞争性抑制蛋白质工程Eman测定
二、简答题（70）
1、蛋白质的右手螺旋结构。

（5分）
2、下列酶的代谢途径：乙酰COA羧化酶，谷氨酰胺合成酶（6分）
3、说明16C脂肪酸完全氧化的全过程，及能量的耗费和释放。

（10分）
4、脂肪、糖和蛋白质代谢的关系（12分）
5、RNA的种类，特点及其功能（12分）
6、遗传信息保证从DNA到蛋白质的高度准确（15分）
7、蛋白质提取的一般步骤以及常用的方法（10分）
中国农业大学2010年博士研究生入学考试试题（动物营养学）
1、猪日粮能量和蛋白比的生化基础。

2、反刍动物瘤胃产甲烷的途径及减少甲烷产生的饲养措施。

3、畜禽肠道生态学和组织细胞学特点及营养学功能
4、蛋鸡能量需要常用析因法和综合法，简述析因法和综合法测定一般步骤。

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-植物遗传育种学

四川农业大学
2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题
科目名称：2081植物遗传学(总分：100分)适用专业：作物遗传育种
考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！
一、解释下列名词（20分）（可用英文解释，如果正确每个加1分）
⑴mutation and variation ⑵autopolyploid and allopolyploid
⑶male sterility ⑷chromosome translocation
⑸RNA editing ⑹DNA methylation
⑺transcription ⑻cis-trans test
二、回答下列问题
1. 基因的概念是如何发展的？（20分）
2. 遗传重组是新性状产生的重要机制之一，有哪些基本类型的遗传重组，各自作用如
何？（20分）
3. 分子生物学研究中常见的作图群体有哪些？各有何有缺点（20分）
4. 红花（R）对白花(r)为完全显性，如今有两个染色体结构相同、均开红花的三体植株
A和B，发现A×B和B×A时，后代分别呈现5：1与4：1的红花与白花分离比例，试分析A和B的基因型，基因的分离方式及各自产生的配子类型？(20分)。

四川农业大学博士入学考试真题

Part I Reading Comprehension (45 points)Questions 1--5 are based on the following passage:Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker "sell" his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest.A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are "regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest."To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues(暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.1. This passage is mainly concerned with _______.a. the importance of eye contactb. the potency of nonverbal techniquesc. successful speech deliveryd. an effective way to gain visual feedbacks2. According to the passage, a good speaker must _____.a. "sealo" his or her ideas to an audienceb. maintain direct eye contact with listenersc. be very persuasive and believabled. be exceptionally well-disposed3. The word "target" in the last sentence of the first paragraph can best be replaced by________.a. "destination"b. "goal"c. "audience"d. "followers"4. In daily life, when the glances of two passers-by happen to meet, these two persons willinevitably ____.a. smile to each otherb. feel awkward and look away immediatelyc. try to make a conversation with each otherd. none of the above5. Eye contact with an audience, according to the author, has all the following benefits forthe speaker EXCEP that it doesn't ________.a. help the speaker to control the audienceb. help the speaker to gain audience interest and esteemc. help the speaker to know whether he is talking too much about a certain pointd. help the speaker to analyze his audience when he is beginning his speech Questions 6--10 are based on the following passage:After the very active and successful tenure(任职) of office by the Senegalese President as the head of the Organization of African Unity, it was highly logical to think that the successor, whoever he might be, would have a difficult task in doing a better job.The Congolese president set to work as soon as he was elected. His first step was to suggest to the dean of heads of State present in the Ethiopian capital, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, to summon a meeting of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa. Its aim: to define a strategy in order to overcome the reprisals(报复行为) that the racist regime of Pretoria is likely to take against its neighbors in case sanctions(制裁) are imposed by the international community.President Sassou Ngueso has already undertaken a number of trips abroad. He thus went to Harare (Zimbabwe) where he delivered a speech, on September 1, on behalf of Africa before the summit meeting of non-aligned(不结盟的)nations.At the end of September, he was in New York, for a statement before the General Assembly of the United Nations, and then in Washington, for talks with high-ranking members of the Reagan Administration. He then went to Ottawa, for consultations with leading members of the Canadian government.The Congolese president's aim, in all these endeavors, is to convince still reluctant countries of the imperious necessity of imposing sanctions against the racist regime of Pretoria.6. In the first paragraph, the word "successor" refers to ________.a. a person who enjoyed a successful career in politicsb. a person who was very popular in the political arenac. the person who was to lead the organizationd. the former head of the organization7. According to the passage, Denis Sassou Nguesso ______.a. is Congoleseb. knew that it was very difficult for him to be electedc. was elected without any oppositiond. has held a meeting in the Ethipion capital8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?a. President Sassou Nguess has decided to visit as many African countries as possible.b. President Sassou Nguesso made a suggestion to President Kenneth Kaunda that ameeting be held of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa.c. President Sassou Nguesso went to Harare and delivered a speech there.d. If sanctions are imposed against South Africa by the international community, theracist regime of Pretoria will probably take revenge on its neighbors.9. We may draw the conclusion that President Sassou Nguesso has been working reallyhard to ________.a. prove himself a trustworthy presidentb. convince some reluctant countries that it is highly necessary to impose sanctionsagainst the racist regime of Pretoria.c. show to the whole world the strength and power of the Organization of AfricanUnityd. seek financial support from some advanced countries to promote African economy.10. This piece is most probably taken from _____.a. a newspaper reportb. a biographyc. a history bookd. a Who's WhoQuestions 11--15 are based on the following passage:Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sculpture or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working).This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out-power off-refrigerator not working─temperature will rise─milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car fromstarting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself,as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors─pedestrians or other cars in the intersection ─must also be present.In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.11. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _______.a. relationships between causes and resultsb. classification of reasoningc. some other common types of reasoningd. some special type of reasoning12. According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reason _______.a. from cause to effectb. from effect to causec. from effect to effect and on the caused. from effect to cause and on to another effect13. A necessary cause is ______.a. one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurb. one of the causes that can produce the effectc. one that is enough to make the effect occurd. none of them14. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has beencut off. The power failure is a ________.a. necessary causeb. sufficient causec. contributory caused. none of them15. This passage mainly discusses ______.a. causal reasoningb. various types of reasoningc. classification of causesd. the causal processQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:I hear many parents complaining that their teen-age children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teen-agers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another's hands for reassurance.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way isthat the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon(蚕茧) ─into a larger cocoon.It has become harder and harder for a teen-ager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teen-age market. These days every teen-ager can learn from the advertisements what a teen-ager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teen-ager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come─with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.16. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell _______.a. readers how to be popular with people aroundb. teen-agers how to learn to decide things for themselvesc. parents how to control and guide their childrend. people how to understand and respect each other17. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on theirown, but, in fact, most of them ______.a. have much difficulty understanding each otherb. lack confidencec. dare not cope with problems single-handedd. are very much afraid of getting lost18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. There is no popularity that really counts.b. What many parents are dong is in fact hindering their children from finding theirown paths.c. It is not necessarily bad for a teen-ager to disagree with his or her classmates.d. Most teen-agers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actuallydoing he same.19. The author thinks of advertisements as _______.a. convincingb. influentialc. instructived. authoritative20. During the teen-age years, one should learn to _____.a. differ from others in as many ways as possibleb. get into the right season and become popularc. find one's real selfd. rebel against parents and the popularity waveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates(变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent(犯法的) and sexually precocious(早熟).Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises(大楼及附属建筑物). This rule has been introduced at Summer hill School where I spent my rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal(肉体的) punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.21. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ______.a. the effect of smoking among childrenb. the difficulty in preventing children from smokingc. the reasons why children start smoking among childrend. the measures to ban smoking among children22. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?a. Disobedienceb. Lazinessc. Lack of intelligenced. Vanity23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. Some children start to smoke out of curiosityb. Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.c. In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workersshould not smoke.d. It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adultsfrom smoking.24. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking ______.a. should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studied.b. should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.c. should be introduced though it may not work effectively.d. needn't be introduced as long as teachers don't smoke in front of children.25. The author's attitude towards his writing is ______.a. objectiveb. emotionalc. criticald. indifferentQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage:When astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time, on July 20,1969, it represented one of the most inspiring achievements in man's history to millions of people throughout the world. But to a small organization called the International Flat Earth Research Society, it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage managed science-fiction trickery.And Armstrong's historic words when stepping down from the Eagle module(宇宙飞船船舱) onto the dusty lunar surface about 240,000 miles from earth─"one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" ─was a phrase that could have come only from the pen of a scriptwriter.As for the pictures reputedly(一般被认为地) taken in space showing the earth to be a rotating sphere, well, they were just too ludicrous (可笑的) for words. The sun, say the Flat Earthier, circuits the earth instead of the earth revolving around the sun─a notion that most people take for granted.The society, whose membership is currently estimated to be about 1,400, dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense and is convinced that the entire human race is being subjected to the greatest hoax(骗局) in history.From its headquarters in Lancaster, California, the society wages a war of words through newsletters and pamphlets against the evils of science.The society was founded about 1800 in Great Britain and the United States and, says its American president Charles Johnson, was descended from the Zetetic society, which took its name from an ancient Greek philosophical school of skeptics. It survived under this name until 1956, when its general secretary, Samuel Shelton, of Kent, England, changed the name to the present title.The society's belief is this: that the earth is flat, with the land masses grouped around the central point of the North Pole.The Antarctic region is not the compact island mass it is commonly believed to be but an impenetrable ice-cold girdle(环形物) around the earth. The Flat Earthier argue that transantarctic expeditions have never happened. Explorers, misled by instrument faults, merely traveled an icy arc within the girdle.26. To the International Flat Earth Research Society, man's first landing on the moon was_______.a. one of the most inspiring events in man's historyb. only a well-conducted experimentc. just a smartly-performed trickd. a science-fiction piece produced by a certain scriptwriter27. Which of the following is NOT true about the society?a. It now has about 1,400 members.b. Its headquarters are in both Great Britain and the United States.c. After its foundation in 1800, it was called the Zetetic Society.d. In 1956, Samuel Shelton changed its name to the present title.28. According to the society's belief, ________.a. the earth is flat and the Arctic is an impenetrable ice-cold girdle around the earthb. the Antarctic region is a compact island massc. some explorers had made successful transantarctic expeditionsd. much of the accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth is sheernonsense29. Which of the following is an appropriate title for the Passage?a. The International Flat Earth Research societyb. Man's First Landing on the Moonc. The Zetetic Societyd. The Evils of Science30. This piece is written ______.a. in a matter-of-fact wayb. in a sarcastic tonec. with a touch of ironyd. as a jokePart II Translate the following into Chine( 10 points)I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction (收缩) of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing(排队) up at a supermarket. And the proprietor(店主)knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 15 points)31. Mr. White was told again and again to ______ smoking but he just wouldn't listen.a. cut throughb. cut offc. cut downd. cut away32. The Greyhound ______ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started forWashington D.C. at 6:20p.m..a. pulled upb. pulled downc. pulled outd. pulled on33. Can you give me another hint without _______ the answer?a. giving offb. giving awayc. giving upd. giving in34. Columbus was ___ his times in his belief that the Earth was round.a. in front ofb. in advance ofc. befored. ahead of35. Nowadays a large number of people buy ___ Christmas trees instead of real ones.a. falseb. fakec. shamd. artificial36. Though he is only 7years old, he has a ______ imagination.a. faithfulb. fertilec. frankd. furious37. The doctor _____ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if Ifollowed his advice.a. assuredb. confirmedc. ensuredd. confessed38. It is not considered _____ to litter in public.a. respectfulb. respectivec. respectedd. respectable39. The industrial community should be close enough to the crowded centers but distantenough to reduce _______ hazards(危险).a. feasibleb. positivec. potentiald. substantial40. We ____ so as not to wake the child.a. whisperedb. moanedc. gruntedd. muttered41. Electric eels use charges to ______ prey and also stun them before they eat them.a. examineb. detectc. determined. search42. Metal must be hammered and cooled rapidly to ______ internal stress caused byheating.a. retainb. releasec. relieved. replace43. Almost every layman I have met exhibits ______ and how they are written.a. the real curiosity about the songsb. a real curiosity about the songsc. real curiosity about the songsd. a real curiosity about songs44. Rosa is quiet and introverted(内向的), and she objects to _______ her living room withdozens of people in the apartment.a. shareb. sharingc. having sharedd. have shared45. We haven't seen our neighbor for over a week. They ______ on a trip abroad.a. could gob. must goc. may have goned. should have gone46. The Government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of thehomeless.a. whatb. allc. thatd. which47. The bartender walked out ____ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.a. from beforeb. from underc. from behindd. from across48. ______ how to operate a switchboard, I had to ask the office supervisor to show me thecorrect procedures.a. Not knownb. Not knowingc. Not to knowd. Having not known49. The pilot felt something _____ wrong with the engine just before the plane took off.a. gob. wentc. was goingd. to go50. I prefer his plan to yours, ___ it is more practical and easier to be carried out.a. for whichb. for thatc. in whichd. in that51. ______ that they're young and inexperienced, they've done quite a good job.a. Beingb. Providedc. Givend. Now52. ______ the door than somebody started knocking on it.a. I had closed no soonerb. I had no sooner closedc. No sooner have I closedd. No sooner I closed53. The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, ______ killed him two years ago.a. the effects of whichb. the effects of itc. finallyd. that54. In my opinion, he's ________ imaginative of all the contemporary poets.a. quite the mostb. very the mostc. by far the mostd. rather the most55. He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he ______ out of a painting by XuBeihong.a. comeb. has comec. is comingd. had come56. Pumas, which are large, cat-like animals, will not attack human beings if they _______undisturbed.a. leaveb. leftc. are leftd. have left57. When we sold our ranch and moved to town, mother had decided _______ opening aday nursery.a. tob. onc. ind. for58. Their dog was a substitute ______ the children they had never had.a. asb. ofc. tod. for59. Please drop in whenever you can. I'd like to keep _____ touch.a. inb. onc. tod. with60. Everybody knows that the earth is spherical, ______?a. doesn't heb. doesn't shec. don't theyd. doesn't itPart IV Cloze( 10 points)In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds __61__ on roofs and telegraph wires. These birds are swallows. They are __62__ together because, very soon, they will be flying __63__ to much warmer lands, where they will find __64__ the small flying insects on which they __65__. There are no such insects __66__ in Britain during the winter; it is __67__ cold for them.The swallows settle, fly off, swoop, and __68__ again. this they do many times, for they are making short __69__ flights in order to be fit for the long journey __70__ them.__71__ of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly __72__ for hundreds of miles __73__ they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with __74__.In the spring of the following year they __75__ the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the __76__ district which they had left the __77__ autumn. How do these birds find their__78__ there and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly __79__, but it has something to do __80__ winds and air currents.61. a. being perched b. perchedc. being perchingd. be perched62. a. gathering b. assemblingc. waitingd. forming63. a. to south b. the southc. to southwardsd. south64. a. a great number of b. a great deal ofc. plenty ofd. numerous65. a. feed b. are fedc. eatd. rely66. a. near b. about c. nearby d. over67. a. too b. a bit c. very d. much68. a. fly off b. swoop c. settle d. turn back69. a. practical b. practicingc. practiced. practiced70. a. in advance b. ahead ofc. in front ofd. in front71. a. Swarms b. Herdsc. Flocksd. Schools72. a. firmly b. stoutlyc. harshlyd. steadily73. a. until b. before c. when d. as74. a. in the way b. on the wayc. half the wayd. all the way75. a. take b. fly c. find d. make76. a. old b. originalc. familiard. identical77. a. before b. previousc. above goingd. former78. a. way b. path c. course d. route79. a. why b. when c. how d. what80. a. against b. away c. for d. withPart V Writing (20 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled THE V ALUE OF SCIENCE. You should write no less than 150 words.ANSWER SHEETRPart I 、 III 、IV1 a b c d2 a b c d3 a b c d4 a b c d5 a b c d6 a b c d7 a b c d8 a b c d 9ab c d 10 a b c d 11 a b c d 12 a b c d 13 a b c d 14 a b c d 15 a b c d 16 a b c d 17 a b c d 18 a b c d 19 a b c d 20 a b c d 21 a b c d 22 a b c d 23 a b c d 24 a b c d 25 a b c d 26 a b c d 27 a b c d 28 a b c d 29 a b c d 30 a b c d 31 a b c d 32 a b c d 33 a b c d 34 a b c d 35 a b c d 36 a b c d 37 a b c d 38 a b c d 39 a b c d 40 a b c d 41 a b c d 42 a b c d 43 a b c d 44 a b c d 45 a b c d 46 a b c d 47 a b c d 48 a b c d 49 a b c d 50 a b c d 51 a b c d 52 a b c d 53 a b c d 54 a b c d 55 a b c d 56 a b c d 57 a b c d 58 a b c d 59 a b c d 60 a b c d 61 a b c d 62 a b c d 63 a b c d 64 a b c d 65 a b c d 66 a b c d 67 a b c d 68 a b c d 69 a b c d 70 a b c d 71 a b c d 72 a b c d 73 a b c d 74 a b c d 75 a b c d 76 a b c d 77 a b c d 78 a b c d 79abcd80abcd———————— 密—————————封 ——————————线 ——————————————————————————。

动物遗传育种学期末试题及答案

动物遗传育种学期末试题及答案一、选择题1. 产生遗传漂变的因素有（） [单选题] *A.引种B.分群C.选种D. A+B+C(正确答案)2.从育种学角度讲，遗传相关实质上是是性状间的（） [单选题] *A.遗传值间的相关B.表型值间的相关C.育种值间的相关(正确答案)D.环境值间的相关3.根据个体表型值与家系均值的差进行选择称为（） [单选题] *A.个体选择B. 家系选择C. 家系内选择(正确答案)D.合并选择4.下列哪些属于近交衰退的表现（）①受胎率降低②死胎③生活力下降④体质减弱⑤饲料利用率低 [单选题] *A.①②③④B.①②③④⑤(正确答案)C.②③④⑤D.①②③⑤5. 下列哪些是杂种优势的表现（）①生活力②生长势③适应性④抗逆性⑤生产力 [单选题] *A. ①②③④B.①②③④⑤(正确答案)C.②③④⑤D.①②③⑤6. 双杂交主要用子（） [单选题] *A.猪B.鸡(正确答案)C.羊D.牛7．杜洛克猪、汉普夏猪原产于（） [单选题] *A.丹麦B.英国C.美国(正确答案)D.比利时8.从社会学和生态学角度考虑，保种是保持（） [单选题] *A. 品种B. 种C.品种和种D.资源(正确答案)9．根据育种目标判定现存较好群体不具备所需要的性状和能力时，可与具有这些性状和能的力的品种进行杂交，这样的方法叫做（） [单选题] *A.级进杂交B.导入杂交(正确答案)C.育成杂交D. 品系杂交10. 肉猪的肉用性能主攻目标是（） [单选题] *A.日增重和屠辛率B.日增重和肉品质C.生长速度和肉品质D.生长速度和瘦肉率(正确答案)11. 进行生命活动的基本功能单位是（） [单选题] *A.组织B. 细胞(正确答案)C.蛋白质D. RNA12.个体生活力显着降低，对疾病和不良环境的抵抗力很低，死亡率是 50%一下，是因为个体携带（） [单选题] *A.致死基因B. 半致死基因C．低活力基因(正确答案)D.亚致死基因13. 下列不是组成 RNA 的碱基的是（） [单选题] *A.腺嘌呤B.鸟嘌呤C.胸腺嘧啶(正确答案)D.尿嘧啶14. 会引起致死的染色体结构变异的情况是（） [单选题] *A.倒位B.易位C.重复D.缺失(正确答案)15. 哈代-温伯格平衡定律的最基本的条件是（）①随机交配②没有选择③大群体④基因显性完全 [单选题] *A.①②B.①③(正确答案)C.②③D.①④16. 狭义遗传力是指（）与表型总方差之比 [单选题] *A. 遗传方差B.加性遗传方差(正确答案)C. 表型方差D. 环境方差17.中选的亲本个体平均表型值与群体平均值的差,称为（） [单选题] *A.淘汰率B.适合度C.选择差(正确答案)D.选择反应18.个体选配中,按双方品质对比对的异同,分为同质选配和（） [单选题] *A.非同质选配B.亲缘选配C.异质选配(正确答案)D.种群选配19. 奶牛的繁育方式主要是（） [单选题] *A. 自群繁育B.杂交繁育C.品系繁育D.纯种繁育(正确答案)20.二元杂交又称为（） [单选题] *A.简单杂交(正确答案)B.双杂交C.轮回杂交D.顶交21.兰德瑞斯猪的故乡是（） [单选题] *A.丹麦(正确答案)B.英国C.美国D.比利时22.进化保种允许（）存在。

四川农业大学智慧树知到“畜牧兽医”《动物育种与繁殖(专科)》网课测试题答案1

四川农业大学智慧树知到“畜牧兽医”《动物育种与繁殖(专科)》网课测试题答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.下列能稳定遗传给的遗传效应是( )。

A、加性效应值B、显性效应值C、上位效应值D、互作效应值正确答案：A2.保种群体中，一般不进行( )。

A、防疫B、扩繁C、选择D、选配正确答案：C3.形成合子的两个配子来自同一个共同祖先的概率称为( )。

A、亲缘系数B、近交系数C、相关系数D、回归系数正确答案：B4.当需要改变原有品种的主要生产力方向时，应采用()。

A.导入杂交B.级进杂交C.育成杂交D.经济杂交5.轮回杂交中母本群除第一次使用纯种外，以后各代均用( )。

A、杂交所产生的杂种母畜B、杂种母畜C、上代亲本D、纯种母畜正确答案：A6.同胞测定是利用()信息评价种畜。

A.双亲B.后裔C.同胞D.祖父7.选择的最大作用是()。

A.选优去劣B.打破了平衡C.定向地改变种群的基因频率D.创造变异8.生产性能测定按照测定规模可分为大群测定和()。

A.场内测定B.同胞测定C.后裔测定D.抽样测定9.两个半同胞个体间的亲缘系数是()。

A.25%B.50%C.12.5%D.6.25%10.下列那种技术可以达到提高选择强度的目的( )。

A、导入杂交B、人工授精技术C、BLUPD、诱发突变正确答案：B11.畜群大小一般用()表示。

A.个体数B.实际含量C.有效含量D.公母比例12.选择的最大作用是( )。

A、选优去劣B、打破了平衡C、定向地改变种群的基因频率D、创造变异正确答案：C13.猪的瘦肉率与背膘厚之间的关系是()。

A.呈正相关B.呈负相关C.不相关D.呈偏相关14.只通过选配不能使群体的()发生改变。

A.遗传结构B.基因频率C.基因型频率D.规模15.选择强度与留种率之间呈( )相关。

A、正相关B、负相关C、不相关D、偏相关正确答案：B第2卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.下列哪种多性状的选择方法的选择效率最高?()A.合并选择法B.顺序选择法C.独立淘汰法D.指数选择法2.家系选择比个体选择更有效的条件是，当性状( )时。

(完整版)四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试植物生理学试题

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题科目名称：2082高级植物生理学(总分：100分)适用专业：作物栽培学等考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1.植物激素有多种生理效应，例如：能解除生理矮生现象，能促进成熟，能抑制叶片的蒸腾作用。

2.IAA 的运输特点是，总的方向是由运输。

3.环割试验证明有机物是通过运输的，这种方法应用于果树的枝条上可促进。

4.叶绿体色素吸收光能后，其激发能主要以的方式在色素间传递，传递过程中能量，波长。

5.在光合作用碳同化过程中，同化力中的ATP 用于羧化阶段转化为、更新阶段形成，NADPH 则用于还原阶段转化为。

6.与C3植物相比，C4植物的光补偿点高，主要原因是。

7.设甲乙两个相邻细胞，甲细胞的渗透势为-1.6MPa ，压力势为0.9MPa ，乙细胞的渗透势为-1.3MPa ，压力势为0.9MPa ，水应从细胞流向细胞。

如两细胞体积相等，平衡时细胞的水势是MPa 。

二、单项选择（每题1分，共20分）请将答案的字母填在下表中12345678910题号答案11121314151617181920题号答案1.如果外液的水势高于植物细胞的水势，这种溶液称为。

A.等渗溶液B.高渗溶液C.平衡溶液D.低渗溶液2．在植株蒸腾强烈时测定其根压，根压。

A.明显增大B.显著下降C.变化不大D.测不出3.光合作用合成蔗糖是在里进行的。

A.叶绿体间质B.线粒体间质C.细胞质D.液泡4.叶绿素分子的头部是化合物。

A.萜类B.脂类C.吡咯D.卟啉5.一植物在15︒C 时的呼吸速率是5μmolO 2/gFW,在20︒C 时的呼吸速率是10μmolO 2/gFW, 25︒C 时的呼吸速率是15μmolO 2/gFW ，该温度范围内可计算的Q10是。

A. 1.5B. 1C. 2D. 36.光合作用水的光解反应所必需的两种矿质元素为（）。

动物育种学习题及参考答案

《动物育种学》复习题一、填空题1、遗传参数(有或无)群体特异性，同一群体同一性状的遗传参数会由于、、等因素的改变而发生变化。

2、同胞测定主要适用于、、；系谱审查主要适用于、、。

3、畜禽重要经济性状中，遗传力较高的性状有，遗传力中等的性状有，遗传力较低的性状有。

4、近交在动物育种中的主要用途有、、、。

5、杂种优势的主要成因是、、。

6、遗传参数(有或无)群体特异性，同一群体同一性状的遗传参数会由于、、等因素的改变而发生变化。

7、哺乳动物的毛色等位基因的6个系列：、、、、、。

8、举例说出我省的畜禽品种中，属于地方品种的有，引进品种或配套系有，培育品种或品系有。

9、近交在动物育种中的主要用途有、、、。

10、生产性能测定的基本形式：、、。

二、单项选择题1．杂种优势在（）表现最明显。

A．亲代B．子一代（F1）C．子二代（F2）D．子三代（F3）2．在核心群取得的遗传改进，扩展到商品群是通过( )。

A．杂交B．繁育体系C．繁殖D．选择3．育种场的主要任务是改良现有品种和( )。

A．扩繁B．进行商品生产C．培育新品种和品系D．性能测定4．种畜繁殖场的主要任务是( )。

A．大量繁殖种畜B．育种C．商品生产D．性能测定5．基因突变是指( )。

A．由于碱基对的置换、插入或缺失引起的基因结构的变化B．由于染色体数目改变而造成的基因组的增减C．由于染色体结构改变而造成的基因组的改变D．DNA重组6．某品种牛，无角基因P对有角基因p呈完全显性，现有一有角牛群，改造成无角牛群需通过( )。

A．使用有角公牛B．全使用无角公牛配种C．使用有角母牛D．淘汰有角公牛7．在统计学中，研究由某些变量的变化去估计另一些变量的变化，即将它们之间的关系看成是因果关系，称之为( )。

A．相关关系B．回归关系C．依存关系D．无关系8．数量性状的特点是( )。

A．需要测量B．从外观可看出区别C．由单个基因决定D．变异间断分布9．鸡的矮小基因dw位于性染色体上，其遗传方式属于( )。

动物遗传学试题库及答案

动物遗传学试题库一、名词解释联会核型随机交配数量性状遗传相关剂量效应等位基因DNA的复性基因突变核小体GT-AG法则复等位基因孟德尔群体遗传标记母体效应PCR同源染色体基因家族卫星DNA基因定位基因遗传力基因组印记遗传多样性图距单位基因频率基因型频率遗传漂变密码的简并性移码突变冈崎片段不对称转录基因工程启动子信号肽帽子结构RNA剪接缺失假显性单倍体嵌合体主效基因二、填空1．在动物细胞的细胞器中，含有遗传物质的细胞器是（）。

2．根据着丝点位置的不同，染色体可分为（）、（）、（）和（）四种类型。

3．基因的相互作用包括（）、（）、（）和（）。

4．在性别控制中，精子分离法包括（）、（）、（）、（）、（）和激光细胞分离器法。

5．证明核酸是遗传物质的实验有（）、（）、（）。

6．DNA二级结构的类型主要有（）、（）、（）、（）和（）。

7．断裂基因由（）和（）间隔组成。

8．根据对遗传信息的改变，基因突变可分为（）、（）（）和（）。

9．影响群体基因频率的因素有（）、（）（）和（）。

10．解释杂种优势产生的学说有（）和（）。

11. 染色体要确保在细胞世代中的复制和遗传，起码应具备三种功能元件，一个是（），确保染色体在细胞周期中能够自我复制；二是（），使细胞分裂时完成复制的染色体能平均分配到子细胞中；三是（），以保持染色体的独立性和稳定性。

12. 转录时只有一条链为模板，其中将作为模板的DNA单链称为（），而另一条不作为模板的DNA单链称为（）。

13. 染色体结构畸变可分为四种类型，分别为缺失、（）、（）和易位。

14. 在人类中，大约12个男人中有一个色盲患者（色盲是由于性连锁隐性基因引起的）。

则女人中色盲患者的概率为（）。

15．数量性状的表型值是由基因型值和环境值共同作用的结果，其中基因型值又可剖分为（）、（）和（），用公式表示为（）。

16．大肠杆菌DNA复制时，DNA的解链需要几种酶和蛋白质的参与，它们分别为（）酶、（）酶和SSB蛋白质。