非谓语动词经典用法讲解
非谓语动词讲解(超全)
非谓语动词讲解(超全)非谓语动词是指动词的非限定形式,不可以独立作谓语。
它可以由动词原形、现在分词和过去分词构成,常见的形式有不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式:不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,常常在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
它的构成方式为"to + 动词原形"。
例句:1. To learn a foreign language is not easy.(作主语)2. She wants to go shopping.(作宾语)3. The best way to learn English well is to practice every day.(作表语)4. He has a lot of work to finish.(作定语)不定式也具有进行时态、完成时态和被动语态的形式:进行时态:to be + 动词的现在分词完成时态:to have + 动词的过去分词被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词例句:1. He seems to be sleeping.(不定式进行时态)2. You should have told me earlier.(不定式完成时态)3. The car needs to be repaired.(不定式被动语态)二、动名词:动名词是指动词的-ing形式,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
在句中的位置和用法与名词相似。
例句:1. Reading is my favorite hobby.(作主语)2. I enjoy swimming in the summer.(作宾语)3. Her dream is becoming a famous singer.(作表语)4. The girl standing over there is my sister.(作定语)5. He went to the party without saying goodbye.(作状语)动名词与不定式的区别在于动名词具有进行时态和被动语态,而不定式没有。
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中一种特殊的动词形式,它不具备人称和数的特征,并不直接表达动作的主体,而是依附于其他句子成分,用来修饰名词、动词、形容词或整个句子。
非谓语动词包括了不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
今天我们就来总结一下它们的用法。
一、不定式(infinitive)是一种基本的非谓语动词形式,它的形态是“to + 动词原形”。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。
例如:1. 作主语:To learn a new language is never too late.学一门新语言永远都不会太晚。
2. 作宾语:I want to visit Paris in the spring.我想在春天去巴黎旅游。
3. 作定语:The best way to improve your English is to practice every day.提高英语的最好方法就是每天练习。
4. 作表语:His dream is to become a famous musician.他的梦想是成为一名著名的音乐家。
5. 作同位语:Her wish is for everyone to be happy.她的愿望是每个人都快乐。
二、动名词(gerund)是名词化的动词,它的形态是动词的现在分词形式(V-ing),可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。
例如:1. 作主语:Swimming is good for your health.游泳对身体健康有好处。
2. 作宾语:He enjoys playing basketball in his free time.他喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。
3. 作定语:I have a meeting with my boss this afternoon.我今天下午有个与老板的会议。
4. 作表语:Her favorite activity is dancing.她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。
高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解
高中英语非谓语动词经典用法讲解★非谓语动词(doing/to do )作主语 非谓语动词能用作主语的只有不定式和动名词,它们在这一用法上略有区别: 1. 表示泛指或经常性的事情用动名词作主语;表示特指,个别的,具体的动作或表示将来的意思时,只能用不定式作主语。
① Swimming is interesting.② To swim with my good friend is interesting.2. 1)不定式短语和动名词短语作主语时常用形式主语it 引导。
It is not easy to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语不容易。
2)在it is no good/ use / help/ point/ sense …,it is a waste of time doing... 和there is no … 等句式中,一般用动名词,不可用不定式代替。
① There is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
② It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.Is there any good trying to explain? 解释会有用吗3)不定式的复合结构常用“it + be + adj. + for/of sb. +不定式”的句式,其中不定式是真正的主语。
① It is necessary for us to do some more practice. 我们必须多做一些练习。
② It is really kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。
Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.★不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语, 主动 被动 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式现在分词 一般式 完成式 过去分词 语态 形式Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help,afford, 例如:① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time /difficulty (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
英语非谓语动词用法总结
千里之行,始于足下。
英语非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是英语中一种特殊的动词形式,它们没有主语,也没有时态的变化。
非谓语动词分为不定式、分词和动名词三种形式。
它们在句子中可以充当动词、形容词或名词的作用,用来修饰或补充主句的内容。
非谓语动词用法灵活多样,可以用在主句的前面、后面或中间位置,并且可以与其他成分同时存在于一个句子中。
在本文中,我将总结非谓语动词的用法,并给出一些例子来帮助理解。
一、不定式(infinitive)1. 不定式作主语e.g. To learn English is my goal. 学英语是我的目标。
2. 不定式作宾语a) 动词后直接接不定式作宾语e.g. I want to go to the cinema. 我想去电影院。
b) 动词后接代词(宾格)+不定式作宾语e.g. She advised me not to buy that car. 她建议我不要买那辆车。
3. 不定式作宾语补足语e.g. I found it hard to understand his accent. 我发现很难理解他的口音。
4. 不定式用来表示目的e.g. I went to the library to borrow some books. 我去图书馆借书。
5. 不定式用来表示结果第1页/共3页锲而不舍,金石可镂。
e.g. She was too tired to continue working. 她太累了,无法继续工作。
6. 不定式用来表示原因e.g. He called me to apologize. 他打电话给我道歉。
7. 不定式用来表示方式e.g. She danced gracefully to the music. 她优雅地随着音乐跳舞。
二、分词(participle)1. 现在分词(-ing形式)a) 分词作定语,修饰名词e.g. The running dog is mine. 那只奔跑的狗是我的。
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结动词不定式(一) 时态1. 一般式动词不定式的一般式表示与谓语动词同时或之后的行为。
如: I want to have a restI plan to attend the meeting 2. 完成式不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的行为。
如:I ’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3进展式不定式的动作假如同谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生那么使用不定式的进展式。
如: They seemed to be talking about something important. 4. 完成进展式不定式的完成进展式表示在谓语动词之前已经发生,并且一直进展着的动作。
如: He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years. 〔二〕动词不定式用法:1. 作主语To master English gives us much help in the study of science 2. 作宾语I want to leave here soon. He pretended to be a doctor. 3. 作表语The most important thing is to study hard. 4. 作宾语补足语不定式作定语必须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。
I have no time to talk with her. 6. 作状语不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
I came here to learn from you ( 目的) I ’m very glad to heard the news。
〔原因〕 He is old enough to go to school.(结果) To look at him ,you can’t help laughing.Notes:7. 不定式的复合构造。
非谓语动词用法精讲(完整版)-(共133张)
● ② 动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语, 不作定语。两个分词所表示的时间有先后,不 用分词作定语表示先时性。 【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 被地 震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
④. The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well ________. A.to spend B.Spent C.being spent D.Spending
4、分词作状语
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
②.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
Do you know anyone having lost a cat? × Do you know anyone who has lost a cat? √
c. 不定式作定语,指将来的时间,与被修饰词 形成主谓、动宾、同位关系或修饰关系。
The next train to arrive was from New York. This is the material ___ in the lab tomorrow.
中考重点非谓语动词的用法
中考重点非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词功能但不与主语发生谓语关系的动词形式。
在中考英语考试中,非谓语动词是一个重要的考点。
掌握非谓语动词的用法,不仅可以提升阅读理解和写作的能力,还可以帮助学生正确运用语法知识。
一、不定式的用法不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的一种形式。
它可以作多种用法,如下:1. 作主语:不定式可以单独作为句子的主语,常用结构为:“to + 动词原形”。
例如:To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学一门外语并不容易。
2. 作宾语:不定式可以作动词的宾语,常用结构为:“动词 + 不定式”。
例如:I want to go to the park. 我想去公园。
3. 作表语:不定式可以作动词的表语,常用结构为:“be + 形容词 + 不定式”。
例如:My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作定语:不定式可以修饰名词或代词,常用结构为:“名词/代词+ 不定式”。
例如:I need a pen to write a letter. 我需要一支笔来写信。
5. 作状语:不定式可以表示目的、结果、原因等,常用结构为:“为了/以便/以确保/以防止/以免 + 动词原形”。
例如:He went to the library to borrow some books. 他去图书馆借书。
二、现在分词的用法现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,它可以表示主动, 进行或被动的意义,常用于以下情况:1. 作定语:现在分词可以修饰名词或代词,常用结构为:“名词/代词 + 现在分词”。
例如:The running dog is very fast. 跑步的狗跑得很快。
2. 作状语:现在分词可以表示时间、原因、条件等,常用结构为:“现在分词 + 其他成分”或“由现在分词构成短语”。
例如:Feeling tired, she decided to take a nap. 感到疲倦,她决定小睡一会儿。
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,一般包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
非谓语动词有着特定的用法和功能,能够在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等成分。
下面将对非谓语动词的用法做一个总结。
一、动词不定式(to + 动词原形)1. 作主语:To learn is important for everyone.学习对每个人来说都很重要。
2. 作宾语:I want to go shopping.我想去购物。
3. 作表语:His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.学习英语的最佳方法就是练习口语。
5. 作状语:She went to the library to borrow some books.她去图书馆借些书。
二、动名词(Ving形式)1. 作主语:Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有好处。
2. 作宾语:I enjoy reading novels in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间读小说。
3. 作表语:Her favorite hobby is drawing.她最喜欢的爱好是画画。
4. 作定语:I saw a man reading a newspaper in the park.我看到一个在公园里读报纸的人。
5. 作状语:She improved her English by practicing every day.她通过每天练习提高了她的英语。
三、分词(普通形式:Ving形式或者过去分词形式)1. 作定语:The smiling girl is my sister.那个笑着的女孩是我的妹妹。
2. 作补语:I saw him running in the race.我看到他在比赛中奔跑。
非谓语11种形式用法
非谓语动词形式用法
非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
具体形式如下:1. 不定式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)例如:
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。
2. 动名词:doing (表示主动)例如:
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
3. 现在分词:doing (表示主动和进行)例如:He sat there,reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
4. 过去分词:done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流(及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系,即“河流被污染”)
fallen leaves 落叶(不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系,即“叶子落下来”)注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。
非谓语动词表示进行和将来是相对于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来。
非谓语动词的七种形态的用法和含义
非谓语动词的七种形态的用法和含义
非谓语动词的七种形态包括不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、分词短语、不定式短语和动名词短语。
1.不定式:to do,常用于表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
例如:She went to the market to buy some vegetables.
2.动名词:doing,可作主语、宾语、表语等,常用于表示动作的
进行与持续。
例如:Reading is her favorite hobby.
3.现在分词:doing,表示与主语同时或者正在进行的动作。
例如:The boy standing over there is my friend.
4.过去分词:done,可用作形容词或者与助动词连用表示完成的
动作。
例如:The work was done by the team.
5.分词短语:having done,表示在完成某个动作之后发生的事情。
例如:Having finished her homework, she went to bed.
6.不定式短语:to be done,表示被动或者完成的动作。
例如:The report is to be submitted by tomorrow.
7.动名词短语:enjoying swimming,表示主语进行的动作是令人愉快的。
例如:She enjoys swimming in the sea.
除了以上七种形态外,非谓语动词还可以组成短语或者从句,常用于虚拟语气、句子的修饰、分句或者非限制性定语从句等。
完全掌握非谓语动词的用法对于提高英语写作和阅读水平非常重要。
非谓语动词的七种形式及其用法
非谓语动词的七种形式及其用法1. 哎呀呀,不定式可是非谓语动词的老大呢!它呀,就像一把万能钥匙,可以作主语、宾语、定语等好多好多呢!比如“To learn a foreign language is difficult but rewarding.(学一门外语很难但很有回报。
)”看到没,这里的“To learn”就是作主语哟!2. 嘿,动名词也不甘示弱呀!它常常表示习惯性的动作呢,就像每天要吃饭睡觉一样自然!像“She enjoys reading novels.(她喜欢读小说。
)”这里“reading”就是动名词作宾语,神奇吧!3. 哇塞,现在来说说分词!分词有现在分词和过去分词哦!现在分词那可是活力满满呀,像个小精灵!比如说“Seeing the beautiful scenery, I feel so happy.(看到美丽的景色,我好开心呀。
)”这里“Seeing”就是现在分词作状语呢!4. 过去分词有时候看起来有点可怜兮兮的,但作用也很大呀!像“The book bought yesterday is interesting.(昨天买的书很有趣。
)”里面的“bought”就是过去分词作定语啦!5. 独立主格结构,这个是不是听着很厉害呀!它就像是一个独立的小王国呢!比如“Time permitting, we will go for a picnic.(时间允许的话,我们将去野餐。
)”这里“Time permitting”就是独立主格结构呢!6. 还有无动词分句,虽然它没动词,但也照样能发挥大作用哟!像“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.(入乡随俗。
)”这里“When in Rome”就是无动词分句呢!总之呢,非谓语动词的这七种形式都各有各的厉害之处,大家一定要好好掌握呀!。
非谓语动词的六大用法
非谓语动词的六大用法在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,充当句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语而不能起谓语作用的动词,是动词的非谓语形式,又叫作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(to do)、动词-ing形式和过去分词(done)。
一、动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语1.不定式作主语表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来动作;动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性、习惯性动作或已经发生的动作。
To remember these words today is our main task. 今天记住这些单词是我们的主要任务。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old . 散步对年轻人和老年人都是很好的运形式。
Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life.苦难是人生最伟大的老师。
Being laughed at in the public made him angry. 在公共场所被嘲笑使他很生气。
2.不定式和动词的-ing形式作主语的常用句型1) 不定式作主语的句型①It is +形容词(名词) to doIt is better to be safe than sorry. 事后追悔不如事前稳妥。
It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 开设店铺易,维持常开难。
It is necessary to complete the design before National Day.在国庆节前完成设计是必要的。
It is very important to follow the rules.遵守规则是非常重要的。
It’s a waste of time to do that. 干那件事是浪费时间。
It is a great art to laugh at your own misfortune. 对己之不幸付之一笑,这是一门伟大的艺术。
非谓语动词讲解(超全
非谓语动词讲解(超全非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
与主谓结构不同,非谓语动词可在句子中作状语、定语或表语。
在英语中,非谓语动词的形式是相对固定的,但在不同的语法环境中所表示的意义和用法有所差异。
1. 动词不定式(to-infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I want to go to the zoo.(我想去动物园。
)- 主语:To speak English fluently is important for your career.(流利地说英语对你的事业很重要。
)- 状语:He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买了些杂货。
)- 定语:She needs a pen to write her essay.(她需要一支笔来写作文。
)2. 动名词(gerund)动名词是将动词加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I enjoy reading books in my spare time.(我闲暇时喜欢读书。
)- 主语:Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的锻炼。
)- 状语:She left the party early, feeling tired.(她因为感觉累了,所以提前离开了聚会。
)- 定语:The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.(哭闹的婴儿把整个邻居都吵醒了。
)3. 现在分词(present participle)现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:He enjoys playing soccer on weekends.(他喜欢周末踢足球。
)- 主语:Listening to music helps me relax.(听音乐帮助我放松。
非谓语全面讲解
非谓语全面讲解非谓语是指动词的非时态形式,包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语作为动词的补语、定语、状语等,能够丰富句子结构,增加句子信息量,提升句子的表达能力。
下面对非谓语的各种形式及其用法进行全面讲解。
1. 不定式(Infinitive)不定式一般由to加动词原形构成,常见的形式有一般式(to do)、完成式(to have done)和进行式(to be doing)。
(1)作主语To learn a foreign language is helpful.使得外语学习是有益的。
(2)作宾语I want to go shopping.我想去购物。
(3)作表语Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
(4)作定语He is the person to ask for help.他是向他求助的人。
(5)作状语She practices every day to improve her English.她每天练习以提高自己的英语。
2. 现在分词(Present Participle)现在分词是动词的进行式形式,一般以-ing结尾。
(1)作定语The running water is very clear.流动的水很清澈。
(2)作状语Walking along the street, I found a lost cat.我在街上走的时候,发现了一只走失的猫。
(3)作补语I saw him standing in the corner.我看见他站在角落里。
3. 过去分词(Past Participle)过去分词是及物动词的过去分词形式或系动词be的过去分词形式,通常以-ed结尾或者是不规则变化的形式。
(1)作定语The broken window needs to be repaired.需要修理那扇破窗户。
(2)作状语They arrived at the airport, tired and hungry.他们到达机场时,又累又饿。
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是指不具备人称、数和时态等语法特征的动词形式,主要包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(done)。
在英语语法中,非谓语动词常常用于多种不同的结构中,具有独特的功能和用法。
本文将对非谓语动词的用法进行总结,并提供相关例句来加深理解。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由to + 动词原形构成。
动词不定式可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语,也可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和宾补等。
以下是动词不定式的几种主要用法:1. 作主语To swim is my favorite activity.2. 作宾语She wants to eat dinner at home.3. 作表语Her dream is to become a doctor.4. 作定语I have a book to read this weekend.5. 作状语He went to the park to play basketball.6. 作宾补We need you to clean the room.二、动名词动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由动词的现在分词形式(-ing)构成。
动名词可以作为名词的主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾补等。
以下是动名词的几种主要用法:1. 作主语Swimming is good exercise.2. 作宾语I enjoy reading books.3. 作定语We had a thrilling roller coaster ride.4. 作表语His favorite activity is dancing.5. 作宾补She kept the secret by not telling anyone.三、分词分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由动词的过去分词形式(-ed 或不规则形式)或现在分词形式(-ing)构成。
分词可以作为形容词的定语,修饰名词或代词。
非谓语动词语法详解
非谓语动词语法详解.一.主语.1. 动名词和不定式作主语时,都可以用it 作形式主语,构成句型:it +be +表语+to do /doing sth. 当用作表语的是important , essential, necessary , unnecessary, possible, impossible, easy , difficult 等表示客观情况的形容词时,常用不定式作主语;当用作表语的是no use, no good, useful, useless, worth, worth while, a waste of time 等表主观短语时,常用动名词作主语。
Eg: it is important for us students to learn english well.It is impossible for them to finish the work within two hours.It is no use arguing with him about the matter.I don’t think it’s much good writing to him.It’s a waste of time trying to persuade her to agree.2.动名词短语作主语时表示抽象动作,通常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语表示具体动作,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。
Eg: lying is wrong. (泛指)To lies is wrong. (特指)It’s no use crying over split milk.He realized that it was no use to go on like this.二.. 非谓语作宾语1.1)Would you mind lending me your English dictionary for a while?2) She can’t help crying after she listened to the sad story .3) I suggested trying it in a different way .4) I ‘ve been looking forward to hearing from you for a long time.5) He insisted on finishing the work before going home.6) Upon returning from Beijing, he went to visit his friends.7) He took a great delight in helping others.8) he didn’t metion having met me .9) I still remember having ever worked with him .10) I enjoyed watching TV program in the evening.11) the car needs reparing .12) the problem deserves explaining .13) This phonomenon requires studying carefully.14) The book is worth reading We don’t allow smoking in the classroom.He dislikes seeing her again.Mary is considering going abroad.Have you finished checking these machines?Working conditions keep improving, and production keeps going up , as well. He really appreciates having time to relax.He is fond of learning English.She left without telling me.1) I need to fetch a tape from a friend2) do you want me to find one stamp for you ?3) I have arranged to meet here at 10:00.I’d prefer to walk there this morning.I’d hate to leave you like that .She’d like to chat with university students.扩:1) agree , afford , aim , apply , arrange, ask , choose, claim, decide, demand, determine, fail , hope , learn , offer, plan , pretend, promise, refuse, want 等后只用to do .2)admit , allow , appreciate , avoid , consider, deny , dislike, encourage,enjoy, escape , excuse, finish , forbid , imagine, keep , mind , permit , practice 等词后只用doing3)stop doing sth / to do sth 停止做某事/停下来去做某事remember doing sth/ to do sth. 记得做过某事/记住要去做某事forget doing sth/ to do sth 记了做过某事/ 忘了做某事regret doing sth / to do sth 后悔做过某事/ 遗憾地。
非谓语动词用法讲解与运用
非谓语动词用法讲解与运用1. 动名词(-ing形式):动名词可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
例如:- Smoking is harmful to your health.(作主语)- I enjoy swimming in the sea.(作宾语)- He bought a book about cooking.(作定语)- She came back, carrying a heavy bag.(作状语)2. 不定式(to + 动词原形):不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
例如:- To learn a foreign language is helpful for your career.(作主语)- He wants to go to the cinema tonight.(作宾语)- This is a good place to relax.(作定语)- She hurriedly left the room to catch the bus.(作状语)3. 分词(-ed或-ing形式):分词可以作定语、状语等。
例如:- The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语)- I saw a man crossing the road.(作定语)- She entered the room, smiling happily.(作状语)此外,还有一些常见的非谓语动词搭配:- 动名词搭配:keep doing sth.(坚持做事)、can't help doing sth.(忍不住做事)、enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做事)等。
- 不定式搭配:(be) going to do sth.(打算做事)、would liketo do sth.(想要做事)、be able to do sth.(能够做事)等。
- 分词搭配:a man dressed in black(一个穿着黑色衣服的男人)、a book written by Shakespeare(一本由莎士比亚写的书)等。
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非谓语动词经典用法讲解★命题规律1.考查立意较低,主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。
但是,题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。
2.设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势,不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。
★命题趋势不容置疑,高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势,但试题的难度将会有所控制。
★解题思路①解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);②找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);③搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;④将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺,或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to 的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。
如:I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。
I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。
如:I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)2.leave 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”,但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态)。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事(宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。
)leave sth. undone 留下某事未做(宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多)leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做(不定式表示将来的动作。
)如:It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。
(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because the y didn’t taste delicious.客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。
(被动,完成)He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。
(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。
(被动,将来)3.have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
①have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事)。
如I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外,have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。
如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动,正在进行)get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来如:The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意:“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中,其中have 有“容忍”之意。
如:I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事如:Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。
如:① An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots.② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。
以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
如:At that time, I found him crying in the street.He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.★不定式、分词作定语用法要点一、不定式作定语1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
如:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.Here is some paper for you to write on.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
如:He had no money and no place to live (in).We found a way to solve this problem (in).2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。
试比较:Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”)Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)3.用不定式作定语的几种情况:不定式表将来:I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。
如:He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。
如:Do you have the ability to read and write English ?I have a chance to go sight –seeing.二、分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词分词形式为:V –ing; being + 过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用V –ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being + 过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。