19英语学术论文实用写作 第十九章
学术文章英语作文模板
学术文章英语作文模板Title: Academic Article English Writing Template。
Abstract:This article provides a template for writing academic articles in English. It includes guidelines for structuring the article, tips for effective writing, and common mistakes to avoid. The template aims to help researchers and scholars in various fields to produce high-quality academic articles that meet the standards of scholarly publishing.Keywords: academic article, English writing, template, structure, guidelines, tips, common mistakes。
Introduction:Writing academic articles in English is a crucial skill for researchers and scholars in various fields. Academic articles are the primary means of disseminating research findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in a particular field. However, writing a high-quality academic article in English can be challenging, especially for non-native English speakers. This article provides a template for writing academic articles in English, offering guidelines for structuring the article, tips for effective writing, and common mistakes to avoid.1. Title and Abstract:The title of the academic article should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the article. The abstract should provide a brief summary of the article, including the research problem, methodology, key findings, and implications. It should be clear, concise, and engaging, capturing the reader's interest and encouraging them to read the full article.2. Introduction:The introduction sets the stage for the academic article, providing background information on the research problem, a review of relevant literature, and the research gap that the article aims to address. It should also present the research question or hypothesis and provide an overview of the article's structure.3. Literature Review:The literature review critically evaluates existing research on the topic, identifying gaps, contradictions, and limitations in the literature. It should provide a theoretical framework for the study and justify the research problem and methodology.4. Methodology:The methodology section describes the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques used in the study. It should provide sufficient detail for the reader to understand how the research was conducted and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the findings.5. Results:The results section presents the findings of the study, using tables, figures, and descriptive statistics to summarize the data. It should be clear, concise, and organized, highlighting the most important findings and their implications.6. Discussion:The discussion interprets the results in the context of the research question and relevant literature, addressing the implications of the findings and their contribution to the field. It should also acknowledge limitations and suggest directions for future research.7. Conclusion:The conclusion summarizes the key findings of the study, reiterates the significance of the research, and offers recommendations for practice or further research.8. References:The references section lists all sources cited in the article, following a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). It should include only sources that are directly referenced in the article.Tips for Effective Writing:Use clear and concise language, avoiding jargon, acronyms, and ambiguous terms.Structure the article logically, with clear headings and subheadings to guide the reader.Use active voice and avoid passive constructions to enhance clarity and readability.Revise and edit the article multiple times to ensure coherence, consistency, and accuracy.Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or professional editors to improve the quality of the article.Common Mistakes to Avoid:Plagiarism: Always cite sources properly and avoid copying verbatim from other sources without attribution.Lack of clarity: Ensure that the article is well-organized and clearly communicates the research problem, methodology, findings, and implications.Inaccurate or incomplete references: Double-check all citations and references to ensure accuracy and completeness.Overly complex language: Aim for clarity and simplicity in writing, avoiding unnecessary complexity or verbosity.Conclusion:Writing academic articles in English requires careful attention to structure, language, and content. This template provides a guide for structuring an academic article, along with tips for effective writing and common mistakes to avoid. By following this template,researchers and scholars can produce high-quality academic articles that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
19年英语小作文范文
19年英语小作文范文Title: The Importance of English Language Learning in the 21st Century。
In the 21st century, English has become an indispensable tool for communication, business, education, and global interaction. The ability to effectively communicate in English opens up a world of opportunities and advantages. In this essay, I will discuss the significance of learning English and its impact on personal and professional development.First and foremost, English is the lingua franca of the modern world. It is the primary language used in international communication, trade, and diplomacy. Proficiency in English allows individuals to connect with people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, fostering greater understanding and cooperation on a global scale. Moreover, English serves as the language of science, technology, and innovation. Many groundbreaking discoveriesand advancements are documented and shared in English, making it essential for those seeking to stay abreast of the latest developments in various fields.Furthermore, proficiency in English is increasingly valued in the job market. In today's globalized economy, companies often operate across borders and engage with clients and partners from different countries. As such, employers seek candidates who can effectively communicate in English to facilitate collaboration and expansion into international markets. Additionally, many multinational corporations conduct business in English, making it a prerequisite for career advancement and professional success.Moreover, English language proficiency enhances educational opportunities. Many prestigious universities worldwide offer courses and programs taught in English, attracting students from around the globe. By mastering English, individuals can access a broader range of academic resources, research papers, and scholarly discussions, thereby enriching their learning experience andintellectual growth. Additionally, proficiency in English opens doors to study abroad opportunities, allowing students to immerse themselves in different cultures and gain a global perspective.Furthermore, learning English fosters cognitive development and critical thinking skills. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals demonstrate improved problem-solving abilities, multitasking skills, and enhanced creativity compared to monolinguals. By learning English, individuals exercise their brains and develop cognitive flexibility, enabling them to adapt to new situations and think more creatively.Additionally, English proficiency facilitates cultural exchange and promotes mutual understanding among nations. Through literature, film, music, and other forms ofartistic expression, English serves as a bridge that connects people across borders, allowing them to share their stories, traditions, and perspectives. By learning English, individuals can engage with a diverse array of cultural works and engage in meaningful cross-culturaldialogues, fostering empathy, tolerance, and appreciation for cultural diversity.In conclusion, the importance of learning English in the 21st century cannot be overstated. From facilitating global communication and advancing career prospects to enriching educational opportunities and fostering cognitive development, English proficiency offers a myriad of benefits. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, mastering English has become essential for personal and professional success. Therefore, individuals should seize the opportunity to learn English and unlock the doors to a brighter future.。
英语应用文写作L19 Lesson19 Resumes
law • Cumulative GPA: 3.6
2021/1/17
• PROFESSIONAL SKILLS:
•
Founded and managed a university newspaper consisting of 15
company. I graduated with a bachelor degree of business in marketing with a minor degree in economic law. I graduated from University of Meckhow in September 2000 with a GPA-(3.6). During my time at the university I was part of the National Honor Society 4 times and have received the First Grade Scholarship in my first three years.
contained in a resume from the cases? • ______________________________________
______________________________
2021/1/17
• Task2 Elicitation • Case 1 Questions for discussion: • The second resume • Because it is clearer and easier to find out
• 2.In writing a resume, make sure that you concentrate on
19英语二作文模板
19英语二作文模板英文回答：Title: The Impact of the Digital Revolution on Human Interactions。
The digital revolution has had a profound impact on human interactions. The rise of the internet and social media has allowed us to connect with each other in ways that were previously impossible. We can now stay in touch with friends and family who live far away, and we can meet new people from all over the world.Positive Impacts:The digital revolution has had a number of positive impacts on human interactions. For example, it has made it easier for us to:Stay connected with friends and family。
Meet new people。
Share information and ideas。
Collaborate on projects。
Access education and healthcare。
Negative Impacts:However, the digital revolution has also had some negative impacts on human interactions. For example, it has led to:Increased social isolation。
19年考研英语二的大作文
19年考研英语二的大作文In the era of rapid technological advancement, the landscape of communication has been revolutionized by digital technology. The 2019 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II (known as the "考研英语二" in Chinese) featured an essay prompt that delved into the profound effects of digital communication on traditional forms of interaction. This essay will explore the various ways in which digital technology has transformed communication, the benefits it offers, and the challenges it poses to conventional methods.Firstly, digital technology has made communication faster and more efficient. With the advent of email, instant messaging, and social media platforms, individuals can now connect with others across the globe in real-time. This has not only facilitated personal relationships but also significantly improved business communication, enabling quicker decision-making and more effective collaboration.Secondly, the rise of digital platforms has given birth to new forms of expression. Blogging, vlogging, and microblogging have become popular ways for people to share their thoughts, experiences, and creativity with a wider audience. This democratization of content creation has empowered individuals to have a voice and engage in dialogues that were previously limited to traditional media outlets.However, the dominance of digital communication has also ledto concerns about the erosion of traditional forms of communication. Face-to-face interactions, letters, and phone calls are being replaced by digital alternatives, which can sometimes lack the personal touch and emotional depth oftheir traditional counterparts. The fear is that as digital communication becomes the norm, people may lose the ability to connect on a deeper level.Moreover, the reliance on digital technology also brings with it the risk of information overload and the potential for miscommunication due to the lack of non-verbal cues. The brevity required by platforms like Twitter can sometimes lead to messages being misconstrued, and the abundance of information available online can be overwhelming, leading to a superficial engagement with content.In conclusion, while digital technology has undoubtedly enhanced the speed and scope of communication, it isessential to find a balance that preserves the richness of traditional forms of communication. As we continue to embrace digital advancements, we must also ensure that the art of personal, nuanced communication is not lost. The 2019 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II作文 prompt serves as a reminder to reflect on how we communicate in the digital age and to consider the value of maintaining traditional forms of interaction alongside our modern, tech-driven methods.。
19专四作文真题范文
19专四作文真题范文英文回答：Introduction:Education is a fundamental human right that plays a pivotal role in personal, societal, and economic development. It empowers individuals with knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities, enabling them to lead fulfilling lives and contribute positively to their communities. However, the debate regarding the value and purpose of higher education has persisted for centuries. This discourse explores the multifaceted perspectives onthe significance of higher education, examining its transformative power and exploring the challenges and complexities that accompany it.Body Paragraph 1: The Transformative Power of Higher Education.Higher education offers a transformative experiencethat shapes individuals intellectually, emotionally, and professionally. Through rigorous academic pursuits, students engage with diverse ideas, challenge their assumptions, and develop their intellectual curiosity. This cognitive stimulation fosters critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and a deeper understanding of the world. Beyond cognitive development, higher education also promotes personal growth and emotional maturity. Students navigate new social environments, interact with people from various backgrounds, and confront personal challenges that foster resilience, self-awareness, and empathy.Body Paragraph 2: The Practical Benefits of Higher Education.Higher education provides significant practicalbenefits in preparing individuals for successful careers and financial stability. Graduates with higher degrees possess specialized knowledge and advanced skills that are highly valued in the labor market. This competitive advantage translates into higher earning potential,increased job opportunities, and career advancement possibilities. Additionally, higher education fosters a network of professional connections, mentorships, and collaborations that can open doors to future opportunities.Body Paragraph 3: The Challenges and Criticisms of Higher Education.While the benefits of higher education are widely recognized, it is not without its challenges. The rising cost of tuition and fees has made it increasingly difficult for students to access higher education, exacerbating socioeconomic disparities. Moreover, the job market is evolving rapidly, and some critics argue that higher education is not always keeping pace with the changing demands of the workforce. Concerns about student debt, concerns about the relevance of certain degrees, and the pressure to succeed can also create significant stress and anxiety for students.Body Paragraph 4: Conclusion.The value and purpose of higher education are multifaceted and contested. While it offers transformative intellectual, personal, and professional benefits, it also faces challenges that need to be addressed. As society evolves, so too must the purpose and delivery of higher education. By investing in accessible, relevant, and quality education, we can empower individuals to reach their full potential and contribute to a more just, equitable, and prosperous society.中文回答：导言：教育是一项基本人权，在个人、社会和经济发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。
英文杂志g参考文献英文例子范文
英文杂志g参考文献英文例子范文In the realm of academic publishing, the significance of credible references cannot be overstated. References serve as the backbone of scholarly communication, allowing readers to trace the genesis of ideas, verify data, and explore further readings. This essay delves into the intricacies of crafting references for English-language journals, with a focus on the conventions, challenges, and best practices that authors should adhere to.The process of referencing begins with the selection of relevant literature. Authors must sift through a vast array of sources to identify those that are most pertinent to their research. This task requires not only a deep understanding of the subject matter but also an awareness of the ongoing discourse within the academic community. Once the sources are selected, the next step is to present them in a manner that is consistent with the journal's guidelines.Most English-language journals adhere to specific referencing styles such as APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard. Each style has its own set of rules regarding the formatting of citations and reference lists. For instance, APA style emphasizes the author-date format, which allows readers to locate the source in the reference list quickly. In contrast, the MLA style is more focused on the author-page format, which is particularly suited for literary studies where precise page referencing is crucial.One of the challenges authors face is the need to adapt their references to the journal's prescribed style. This often involves reformatting citations, rearranging the elements of each entry, and ensuring that all necessary details are included. The reference list must be meticulously checked to prevent any errors, such as incorrect author names, publication dates, or page numbers. Such mistakes can undermine the credibility of the research and hinder readers' ability to access the sources.In addition to accuracy, the presentation of references must be clear and concise. Long-winded explanations or unnecessary details should be avoided. The goal is to provide just enough information for readers to identify and locate the source without overwhelming them with extraneous data. This clarity extends to the use of digital objectidentifiers (DOIs) or URLs for online sources, which should be presented in a clean and accessible format.The integration of references within the text is another critical aspect of scholarly writing. Citations should be seamlessly woven into the narrative, enhancing the argument rather than disrupting it. Authors must strike a balance between providing evidence for their claims and maintaining the flow of their discourse. This is where the art of paraphrasing comes into play, allowing authors to incorporate the ideas of others while preserving their own voice.Furthermore, ethical considerations are paramount when it comes to referencing. Plagiarism, the act of presenting someone else's work as one's own, is a serious offense in the academic world. Proper referencing not only helps to avoid this pitfall but also demonstrates respect for the intellectual contributions of others. It is a testament to the collaborative nature of knowledge creation, where each work builds upon the foundations laid by previous scholars.In conclusion, the art of referencing is a fundamental skill for authors of English-language journals. It requires attention to detail, an understanding of various citation styles, and a commitment to ethical scholarship. By adhering to these principles, authors can ensure that their references are not merely a formality but a meaningful part of the academic conversation. As the landscape of scholarly publishing continues to evolve, so too will the practices surrounding references, reflecting the dynamic nature of knowledge itself.。
19年三卷英语应用文
Title: An Application Letter for a Job OpeningDear Mr. Smith,I am writing to inquire about the possibility of a job opening at your company. I recently graduated from university with a degree in Business Administration, and I am eager to start my career in the business field.I have heard great things about your company's reputation and would like to be considered for any suitable positions. During my time at university, I gained valuable knowledge and skills in areas such as marketing, finance, and management. I also completed several internships where I had the opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge to real-world situations. I believe that these experiences have prepared me well for the challenges of the business world.I am particularly interested in your company because of its commitment to innovation and [continuation of the letter, including personal qualities and reasons for interest in the company].Please let me know if there are any job opportunities that match my qualifications and interests. I am looking forward to the possibility of working with you and contributing to the success of your company.Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely,[Your Name]。
英语学术论文写作范文 学术英语写作 范文17篇
英语学术论文写作范文学术英语写作范文17篇Sample 1Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureWhen the first Europeans came to the North American continent, they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American. Peoples of North America, Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects, must have been as curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact, there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans? ways, and the Europeans adopted some of their ways. As a result, Native Americans have made many valuable contributions to modern U.S. culture, particularly in the areas of language, art, food, and government.First of all, native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language. The early English-speaking settlers borrowed from several different Native American languages1words for places in this new land. All across the country are cities, towns, rivers, and states with native American names. For example, the states of Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, and Alabama are named after Native American tribes, as are the cities of Chicago, Miami, and Spokane. In addition to place names, English adopted from various Native American languages the words for animals and plants found in the Americas,Chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunk, tobacco, and squash are just a few examples.Although the vocabulary of English is the area that shows the most Native Americaninfluence, it is not the only area of U.S. culture that has been shaped by contact with NativeAmericans. Art if another area of important Native American contributions. Wool rugs woven by women of the Navajo Tribe in Arizona and New Mexico are highly valued works of art in the United States. Native American jewelry made from silver and turquoise is also very popular and very expensive. Especially in the western and southwestern regions of the United States, native crafts such as pottery, leather products, and beadwork can be found in many homes. Indeed, native art and handicrafts are a treasured2part of U.S. culture.In addition to language and art, agriculture is another area inwhich Native Americans had a great and lasting influence on the peoples who arrived here from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Being skilled farmers, the Native Americans of North America taught the new comers many things about farming techniques and crops. Every U.S. schoolchild has heard the story of how Native Americans taught the first settlers to place a dead fish in a planting hole to provide fertilizer for the growing plant. Furthermore, they taught the settlers irrigation methods and croprotation. Many of the foods people in the United States eat today were introduced to the Europeans by Native Americans. For example, corn and chocolate were unknown in Europe. Now they are staples in the U.S. diet.Finally, it may surprise some people to learn that citizens of the United States are also indebted to the native people for our form of government. The Iroquois, who were an extremely large tribe with many branches called “nations”,had developed a highly sophisticated system of government to settle disputes that arose between the various branches. Five of the nationshad joined together in a confederation3called “The League of the Iroquois.” Under th e league, eachnation was autonomous in running its own internal affairs, but the nations acted as a unit when dealing with outsiders. The league kept the Iroquois from fighting among themselves and was also valuable in diplomatic relations with other tribes. When the 13 colonies were considering what kind of government to establish after they had wontheir independence from Britain,someone suggested that they use a system similar to that of the League of the Iroquois. Under this system, each colony or future state would be autonomous in managing its own affairs but would join forces with the other states to deal with matters that concerned them all. This is exactly what百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆happened. As a result, the presentfrom of government of the United States can be traced directly back to a Native American model.In conclusion, we can easily see from these few examples the extent of Native American influence on our language, our art forms, out eating habits, and our government. The people of the United States are deeply indebted to Native4Americans for their contributions to U.S. Culture.Exercise: Complete the outline by filling in the missing parts.Native American Influences on Modern U.S. CultureI. IntroductionThesis statement:___________________________________________________________ II. BodyA. Native Americans left a permanent mark on the English language.1. Names of places-cities, towns, rivers, and statesa. States: Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Alabamab. Cities: Chicago, Miami, Spokane2. Names of animals and plantsa. Animals: chipmunk, moose, raccoon, skunkb. Plants: tobacco, squashB._____________________________________________________________1. Navajo rugs2. Silver and turquoise jewelry3.5______________________________________________________________a. Potteryb._____________________________________________________c._____________________________________________________c.______________________________________________________________1. Farming techniquesa._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________a._________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________6D. _1. Iroquois-large tribe with many branches (“nations”) Needed to settle disputes among various branches2. Five nations formed League of Iroquoisa._________________________________________________b. Acted together when dealing with outsiders3. After independence, 13 colonies adopted similar system.a. Each colony (future state) was autonomous in managing own affairs.b.______________________________________________________III. Conclusion___________________________________________________________百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 2:At the MoviesYou Are Where You Sit: Seating Choice Can Tell a Lot about a Person!71 When he goes to the movies, Ravel Centeno likes to sit on theaisle and stretch his feet out-a fact that by itself speaks volumesabout his personality, according to a new study. The study, commissioned by the British movie theater company Odeon, examined how theater seating habits reflect personality. And as the summer movie season reaches its zenith, the research says you are where you sit. Psychologist Donna Dawson divided moviegoers into four different personality types based on their seating preferences and cited examples of movie characters who fit those types.2 Those who sit on the aisle, like Centeno, are “detached observers”-people who like to have their own space, who are observers and tend to be quieter. “That?s funny, because I?m a writer,” Centeno said Thursday as he waited to see AI. atthe CineplexOdeon at Universal CityWalk. “So that?s what I do (observe people).” One celluloid example of a detached observer, said Dawson, is Jack Nicholson?s Melvin Udall character in As Good as It Gets.3 Other personality types, according to Dawson:4 The “front row film fanatic”: Extroverted, assertive, and8competitive, these are people who like to see movies with others,not on their own. An example from the movies might be Mike Meyers?s Austin Powers or Julia Roberts?s ErinBrockovich.5 The”middle-of-the-roaders”: These are the people wholike to sit in the middle, fittingly. They are people who areflexible and try to get along with others, such as Gwyneth Paltrow?s Emma. Gloria and Tom Candelaria of Redlands say that seems to fit them. “We like the middle because it?s not too far back and not too close to the front,” Gloria Candelaria said as she scanned the marquee at CityWalk. Tom Candelaria said the “middle-of-the-roader” label seems to fit them because “we?re easygoing.”6 The “invisible rebels”: Those who sit far in the back are people who are rebellious and like excitement but don?t necessary seek the limelight, the study said. A typical example is ClintEastwood?s Man with No Name and Sigourney Weaver?s Lt. Ripley in the Alien films. “The back row is,where things happen; it?s an exciting area of danger and lots of passionate smooching,” Dawson said in the Odeon report. “It tends to attract people who are rebellious.”97 For some people, though, sometimes a chair i s just a chair. “I don?t knowwherever there?s an empty seat,” said filmgoer Chris Marshall of Lake Hollywood, when asked where he likes to sit. “That works for me.”Questions About the Organization1. What kind of introduction does this newspaper article have?a. It is a funnel introduction-it begins with a general statement and narrows down to the thesis statement.b. It begins with an example and ends with the thesis statement.c. It explains the reasons for the study and ends with the thesis statement.2. What kind of conclusion does it have?a. It summarizes the four main personality types.b. It gives the writer?s opinion on the study.c. It gives an example that contrasts with the main points.3. What words in the thesis statement indicate that the article uses logical division of ideas as a百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网10,您的在线图书馆pattern of organization?About the Support4. What two kinds of supporting details are used in this article?_________ and _________5. The psychologist who made the study used one kind of support, and the writer of the article reporting the results of the study used another kind. Which person used which kind?a. The psychologist used _b. The writer used _About the Content6. How do we know if the psychologist is correct? Does the article mention the methods she used in her study to match seating preference and personality type, or does it report only the results?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 3Culture ShockMoving to a new country can be an exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a newenvironment, you somehow feel more alive: seeing new11sights, eating new food, hearing theforeign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressful rather than stimulating, and delight turns intodiscomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a newculture-tourists, business travelers, diplomats, and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs12of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make “small talk,” so it ishard to carry on a casual, get-acquaintedconversation. One day in the schoolcafeteria, you overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Arethey laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand? Also, you aren?t always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service, or should you wait for a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater in the wrong size, can you exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.In the third stage, you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn?t been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat familiar food. You begin to spend most of your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock13when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage, you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, thatyour landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have somesuccess in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You areable to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you cansuccessfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Yourself-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance, the food will never be as tasty as the food in your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dress or behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong-just different.14Concluding Paragraph A百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆To sum up, culture shock is a veryreal phenomenon that has been studied for more than 30 years by psychologists and anthropologist$. Its five phases are (1) positive feelings toward the new culture, (2) awareness of small differences, (3) growing discomfort and need for contact with home culture, (4) negativefeelings, and (5) acceptance and adjustment. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five phases. In the end, however, people who suffer culture shock are stronger from having overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land. Concluding Paragraph BIn conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some degree of culture shock. Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others may take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the15difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.Exercise:1. Which concluding paragraph best suits the passage and why?2. Which concluding paragraph is a summary of the subtopics? Which one paraphrases the thesisstatement?3. Which concluding paragraph gives suggestions? Which one makes a prediction?百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 4: Cause and Effect百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 5: Cause and Effect16百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 6: Comparison百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 7: ComparisonCLASSROOM LEARNING AND INTERNETBASEDTEACHINGSince the late 1990s internet-based teaching (also known as e-education) has emerged as a potential rival to traditional classroom learning. It normally involves having access to a secure site on the internet where a graded series of lessons are available, and which have assignments sent and returned by email. Although on-line courses are now offered by many institutions, it is by no means clear that they offer real advantages compared to classroom education. Little research has been done so far on their effectiveness, but this17essay sets out to examine the arguments on both sides and attemptsto draw conclusions from them.Two main advantages of internet use in education are put forward. Firstly, it is seen as more economical, in that once a course is prepared, it can be used by large numbers of students. The savings made by not having to employ so many teachers should be reflected in cheaper course fees. The second benefit is convenience; instead of having to attend classes at fixed times and places, students are free to study when they choose and progress at their own pace. Furthermore, by studying from home there is no need to travel to the college or university, saving both time and money. A student living in a small town in China, for example, can now study a course at an American college without the worry of travelling, accommodation or homesickness.Despite the considerations mentioned above, classroom learning shows no signs of being replaced by e-learning. It seems that face-to-face contact with a teacher is still widely regarded as the best way for students to make progress, despite the expense and inconvenience involved. Not only the personal contact with a teacher, but also the support and18encouragement gained from being part of a class may be one reasonfor this. Membership of a group may also create a useful spirit of competition, which stimulates learning.Given the increasing pressure on university places in many countries, internet-based teaching is often seen as a convenient development. However, e-learning eliminates personal contact and travel from education, which are possibly the aspects many students value. Sittingat home working on a computer may be economical, but clearly cannot replace the social experience of attending courses. However, there are many people who are unable, either through work or family commitments,or due to lack of funds, to go to classes, and who would clearly find internet learning beneficial. On-line courses can also be used tosupport taught courses, for instance by providing access to extra materials. In many ways these kinds of courses are similarto ,universities of the air?, such as Britain?s OpenUniversity, which have developed distance learning so successfullyin the last 40 years.Faced by growing demand for university places, more institutions are likely to develop on-line courses, but the apparent benefits of e-learning may be less than are19generally believed. Students seem to value the personal contact ofthe classroom highly, despite its cost andinconvenience. There may be a role for internet-based courses to supplement teacher-taught ones, and certainly for people with other commitments they will be the only practical option. There is an urgentneed for research on the effectiveness of this type of learning, which should help maximise its advantages in the future.(Approximately 550 words)百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 8: Argument百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Now complete the outline of the model essay:Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough YearsI. Introduction (explanation of the issue)Thesis statement:20_______________________________________II. BodyA. Opposing argument 1Opponents of single-sex education claim that test scores show that there is no advantage to all-girl or all-boy classes.Rebuttal to argument 11. Research is inconclusive-show opposite results2. Other results that cannot be calculateda. Girls____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____b. Boys____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ______B. Opposing argument2____________________________________________________________21Rebuttal to argument 2_________________________________________________________a. Settling squabbles with siblingsb. Negotiating with opposite-sex parent百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆C. Opposing argument 3_________________________________________________________Rebuttal to argument 3___________________________________________________________a._______________________________________________________b. Teachers call on boys more oftenIII.Conclusion1. Same-sex classes provide a better learning environmentReasonsa. Boys and girls___________________________________________________22_____________________________________________________________________________ ______ b.Girl________________________________________________________________ _____ c. Boys____________________________________________________________________2.____________________________________________________________________ __3.____________________________________________________________________ _____百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网,您的在线图书馆Sample 9A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce;23nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997).An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society,is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanationsfor the …divorce phenomenon? and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be arguedthat the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework.One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do notnecessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married24couples with …access to a legal solution to pre-existentmarital problems? (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes inthe legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place.It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that has accompanied them, are the product of more fundamental changes in society.Another type of explanation is one that focuses precisely on these broad societal changes. For example, Nicky Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995) argues that increases in divorce and marital breakdown are the result of economic changes that have affected the family. One example of these changes is the raised material aspirations of families, which Hart suggests has put pressure on both spouses to become wage earners. Women as a result have been forced to become both homemakers and economic providers. According to Hart, the contradiction of these two roles has lead to conflict and this is the main cause of marital breakdown. It would appear that Hart?s explanation cannot account for all cases of divorce - for example, marital breakdown is liable to occur25in families where only the husband is working. Nevertheless, her approach, which is to relate changes in family relations to broader social forces, would seem to be more probing than one that looks only at legislative change.The two explanations described above have very differentimplications for social policy,especially in relation to how the problem of increasing marital instability might be dealt with. Bilton et al. (1995) offer a legal explanation and hence would see the solutions also beingdetermined in this domain. If rises in divorce are thought to be the consequence of liberal divorce laws, the obvious way to stem this riseis to make them less obtainable. This approach, oneimagines, would lead to a reduction in divorce statistics; however, it cannot really be held up as a genuine solution to the problems of marital stress and breakdown in society. Indeed it would seem to be a solution directed more at symptoms than addressing fundamental causes.Furthermore, the百度搜索”就爱阅读”,专业资料,生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网26,您的在线图书馆experience of social workers,working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple?s access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981). In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians. (Harrison, 1990).Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable inthe present political climate. Hart is right however, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families27(McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause foroptimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind.It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broadersocio-economic one.Finally, it is worth pointing out that, whilst we may appear to be living in a time of increased family instability, research suggests that historically, instability may have been the norm rather than the exception. As Bell and Zajdow (1997) point out, in the past, single parent and step families were more common than is assumed - although the disruptive influence then was not divorce, but the premature death of。
Academic Writing【学术论文写作】
Algorithm
Contributions (1 paragraph)
Experiment Overview
Roadmap (1 paragraph)
20
Five Main Sections
Abstract,
Keywords
Introduction Related Work (Literature Review) Preliminary (Method)
Background Topic (1-2 paragraphs) Literature Review Motivation (1 paragraph) Overview (1 paragraph)
Algorithm
Contributions (1 paragraph)
Experiment Overview
12
Algorithm Overview & Contribution
13
Algorithm Overview & Contribution
14
Contributions
New Concept New Model New Algorithm (More Efficient, Less Memory, Parallelism and etc.)
In time or advancing order Put to the bottom the methods to be compared
22
23
24
Related Work (Supplement)
Add
the head
There are plenty of covert channel methods in literature.
19年考研英语一大作文
19年考研英语一大作文In the pursuit of higher education, the postgraduate entrance examination stands as a formidable challenge for many. The year 2019 marked a significant milestone for those who dared to take on this academic marathon.The test, often referred to as the "Gaokao of the workplace," not only assesses a candidate's mastery ofEnglish but also their ability to think critically andexpress complex ideas in a coherent manner. The essay section, in particular, is a battleground for showcasing one'slinguistic prowess.The 2019 English exam was no exception, presenting topics that demanded a deep understanding of contemporary issues and the ability to articulate a nuanced perspective. Studentswere tasked with discussing the impact of technology on education, a subject that resonates with the modern learner's experience.One cannot overlook the role of perseverance in such an endeavor. The journey to excel in the 2019 exam was a testament to the resilience and determination of the candidates, many of whom had to balance the demands of work with the rigors of study.The essays written that year reflected a diverse range of opinions, from the optimistic embrace of technologicaladvancements to the cautious consideration of their potential drawbacks. It was a year where the written word became a bridge between the individual and the collective aspirations of society.Moreover, the examination was not just a test of language skills but also a measure of cultural literacy. Candidates were expected to demonstrate an understanding of global issues and to express their viewpoints in a manner that was both insightful and respectful of differing perspectives.The 2019 English exam also highlighted the importance of adaptability. With the ever-evolving nature of language and the increasing influence of digital communication, theability to adapt one's writing style to suit various contexts became a key component of success.In conclusion, the 2019 postgraduate English exam was a comprehensive evaluation of a candidate's linguistic capabilities, critical thinking, and cultural awareness. It was a year that pushed the boundaries of academic writing and set a high standard for future aspirants.。
【托福写作备考】TPO19综合写作文本与解析
【托福写作备考】TPO19综合写作文本与解析TPO 19首先来看综合写作的阅读材料：Many consumers ignore commercial advertisements. In response, advertisingcompanies have started using a new tactic, calling “buzzing.” The advertisershire people - buzzers - who personally promote (buzz) products to people theyknow or meet. The key part is that the buzzers do not reveal that they are beingpaid to promote anything. They behave as though they were just spontaneouslypraising a product during normal conversation. Buzzing has generated a lot ofcontroversy, and many critics would like to see it banned.中文：很多消费者都无视商业广告。
为了应对这种情况，广告公司开始采取一种名为”托儿”的新策略。
广告公司雇佣托儿，让他们向他们认识的或者遇见的人推荐产品。
这种策略的关键是托儿是会隐藏他们受雇佣来推荐产品这一事实的。
他们表现出他们只是在日常的交流中无意地推荐某种产品。
这种营销方式引来了很多争议，而许多批评家希望能够禁止这种方式。
First, the critics complain that consumers should know whether a personpraising a product is being paid to praise the product. Knowing this makes a bigdifference: we expect the truth from people who we believe do not have anymotive for misleading us. But with buzzing what you hear is just paidadvertising, which may well give a person incorrect information about the buzzedproduct.中文：首先，批评家认为消费者有权利知道向他推荐产品的人是否是有报酬的。
学术英语作文必背范文
学术英语作文必背范文作为一名研究英语的学生，我们确实需要经常阅读一些优秀的范文，通过模仿来提高自己的英语水平。
以下是一些学术英语作文的必背范文：议论文范文一题目：Should college education be free?正文：There is much debate nowadays on whether college education should be free or not. Supporters claim that free college education will help more young people to get higher education. While opponents argue that free college education will cause financial burden on the government.Personally, I am in favor of the idea that college education should be free. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, college education is a publicgood that benefits both the individual and society. By providing free college education, more people will be able to access higher education, which will not only improve their lives, but also contribute to the development of society. Secondly, education is a basic human right that should be enjoyed by everyone regardless of their economic status. It is unfair to deny some people the opportunity to pursue higher education simply because they cannot afford it. Lastly, providing free college education will ultimately benefit the economy by producing a more educated and skilled workforce.In conclusion, I believe that free college education is a necessity for our society. Although it may cause some financial burden on the government, the benefits it brings to individuals and society far outweigh the costs.说明文范文二题目：How to improve your study efficiency?正文：As a student, it is important to achieve high efficiency in study. However, many students find it difficult to concentrate and maintain focus during study sessions. Here are some tips to help improve study efficiency:1. Create a study schedule: Make a plan for what you need to study and when you will study it. Having a schedule will help you stay organized and focused.2. Eliminate distractions: Try to study in a quiet environment with minimal distractions. Turn off your phone and avoid social media during your study session.3. Break up study sessions: It is difficult to maintain focus for long periods of time. Take breaks every hour or so to give your brain a chance to rest.4. Use active learning methods: Rather than simply reading through material, actively engage with it. This could include taking notes, summarizing key points, or discussing the material with other students.By following these tips, students can improve their study efficiency and achieve better academic results.以上是两篇学术英语作文的范文，读者可以通过模仿这些范文来提高自己的英语写作水平。
考研英语19年大作文
Title: My Journey to the Postgraduate Entrance ExaminationAs a high school student, Ive always been fascinated by the idea of pursuing higher education. The thought of delving deeper into my field of interest and expanding my horizons has been a driving force in my academic journey. However, the path to the postgraduate entrance examination, or the Kao Yan as its known in China, is not an easy one. Here, I recount my personal experience with the 2019 Kao Yan, reflecting on the challenges and the lessons learned.The decision to take the Kao Yan was not made lightly. It was a culmination of years of hard work and a desire to excel in my chosen field.I remember the day I decided to commit to this path, it was a mix of excitement and trepidation. The preparation for the exam was a marathon, not a sprint, and it required a level of dedication and discipline that I had never experienced before.In the year leading up to the exam, my life was a whirlwind of study sessions, practice tests, and endless revisions. The curriculum for the Kao Yan is extensive and covers a wide range of subjects. I had to balance my time between strengthening my grasp of the core subjects and honing my skills in English, which is a significant part of the exam.One of the most challenging aspects of preparing for the Kao Yan was the pressure. Its not just the academic pressure, but also the societal expectations and the fear of failure. I remember the countless nights I spent studying under the dim light of my desk lamp, questioning whether Iwas doing enough. But every time I felt overwhelmed, I reminded myself of my goal and the reasons why I chose this path.The English section of the Kao Yan was particularly daunting. It required not only a strong vocabulary and grammar knowledge but also the ability to comprehend complex texts and express thoughts clearly in writing. I spent hours practicing English essays, reading articles to improve my reading comprehension, and engaging in conversations to enhance my speaking skills.On the day of the exam, I felt a mix of emotions. There was nervousness, of course, but also a sense of accomplishment for having come so far. The exam itself was grueling, with each section testing the limits of my knowledge and endurance. When it was over, I felt a strange mix of relief and uncertainty about the future.Looking back, the journey to the Kao Yan was more than just an academic pursuit. It was a test of my resilience, determination, and ability to overcome obstacles. It taught me the importance of setting goals, staying focused, and believing in myself even when the odds seem stacked against me.In conclusion, the 2019 Kao Yan was a pivotal moment in my life. It was a challenging yet rewarding experience that has shaped my character and outlook on life. Whether I succeed or not, the lessons Ive learned and the growth Ive experienced are invaluable. The journey to the Kao Yan is notjust about the destination, but also about the person you become along the way.。
19年英语小作文范文
19年英语小作文范文英文：As a language learning enthusiast, I have always been fascinated by the beauty of different languages and the way they can express thoughts and emotions in unique ways. Learning a new language not only opens up opportunities for communication and connection with people from different cultures, but also expands one's perspective and understanding of the world.For example, when I was learning French, I found that the language has a certain elegance and charm that is distinct from English. The use of "tu" and "vous" to address people based on familiarity and formality adds a layer of nuance to communication that is not present in English. Similarly, in Chinese, the use of different tones to differentiate meaning in words can be quite challenging for non-native speakers, but it also adds a musical quality to the language that is truly unique.中文：作为一个语言学习爱好者，我一直被不同语言的美丽和它们独特地表达思想和情感的方式所吸引。
六级英语作文19年
六级英语作文19年The Importance of Reading in the Digital Age。
In the digital age, people are surrounded by various forms of digital entertainment, such as social media, online games, and streaming videos. However, reading, which used to be a primary source of knowledge and entertainment, seems to be losing its popularity. Some people argue that reading is outdated and irrelevant in the modern world, but I believe that reading is still a crucial skill and habit that everyone should develop.Firstly, reading can expand our knowledge and understanding of the world. With the abundance of information available on the internet, it is easy to access news, articles, and research on any topic we are interested in. However, not all of this information is reliable or accurate. Reading books, especially those written by experts in their fields, can provide us with trustworthy and in-depth knowledge that we cannot find elsewhere.Moreover, reading can help us develop critical thinking skills, as we learn to evaluate and analyze different perspectives and arguments.Secondly, reading can improve our language skills and cognitive abilities. Research has shown that reading can enhance vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills, which are essential for academic and professional success. Furthermore, reading can stimulate our brain and improve our memory, concentration, and creativity. Unlike passive forms of entertainment, such as watching TV or playing video games, reading requires active engagement and mental effort, which can sharpen our cognitive abilities.Thirdly, reading can foster empathy and emotional intelligence. By reading books that depict different cultures, experiences, and perspectives, we can broaden our understanding of human diversity and empathy. Reading can also help us develop emotional intelligence, as we learn to identify and understand different emotions and social dynamics. These skills are crucial for building positive relationships and navigating complex social situations.In conclusion, reading is still a valuable and relevant skill and habit in the digital age. It can expand our knowledge, improve our language skills and cognitive abilities, and foster empathy and emotional intelligence. Therefore, we should make an effort to read more books and encourage others to do so as well. As the saying goes, "Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body."。
19英语二作文
19英语二作文The Impact of Technology on Modern CommunicationIn the 21st century, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its influence on modern communication is profound and multifaceted. The advent of smartphones, social media, and instant messaging platforms has revolutionized the way we interact with each other.First and foremost, technology has made communication instantaneous and borderless. With the help of various applications, we can now communicate with people across the globe in real-time. This has not only facilitated personal relationships but also business transactions, as companies can now collaborate with international partners without the need for physical presence.Moreover, the rise of social media has transformed the way we share information and ideas. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become the primary source of news and updates for many individuals. This has led to a more informed society, but it has also raised concerns about the spread of misinformation and the impact on privacy.However, the reliance on technology for communication has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions. While this can be convenient, it has resulted in a generation that may lack the skills for personal communication. The art ofconversation and the nuances of non-verbal cues are being overlooked as we become more accustomed to typing out our thoughts and feelings.In conclusion, technology has undoubtedly reshaped modern communication, offering both opportunities and challenges. It is essential that we harness the benefits of technological advancements while also addressing the issues they present.By doing so, we can ensure that communication remains a vital and enriching aspect of human interaction.Note: The above composition is a generic example and may not reflect specific instructions or topics that might berequired for an actual "19 English II Composition" assignment. If you have specific requirements or a prompt for your composition, please provide them for a more tailored response.。
商务英语写作Unit 19 Trading Correspondence2
Review
To learn some samples To master some guidelines for writing letters of offer, counter-offfer, acceptance and order
To learn some useful expressions
4. We offer you the product at a very special low price of USD 26 per piece on condition that you place us an order exceeding 5,000 pieces.
5. Please offer us your best price and earliest delivery time for 6,000 dozens of ladies coats.
Writing Task 1
Dear Sirs, As requested in your letter of April 18th, we offer you firm as follows, subject to your reply reaching us by the end of this month: Art. No.: 8100 Printed Shirting Specifications: 78X86in Quantity: 12000 yards Packing: at the buyer’s option Price: US$13.00 per yard CIFC5% Vancouver Shipment: to be made in three equal monthly lots, beginning from June 2006. Payment: by confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight to be opened 30 days before shipment. We trust the above will be acceptable to you and await your trial order with keen interest. Faithfully yours,
大学英文写作 第二版 UNIT19
Narration
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the purpose and function of a narrative writing To expose factual accounts and fictions To expose ways of organizing a narration To explore theme and focus To explore language features
Types of Narration
How many types of story have you ever written/told/heard?
Types of Narration
It includes mainly two different types： 1. Non-fiction or factual, e.g. real events, biographical accounts and news reports. 2. Fiction, or literary narrative, e.g. novels, tales, fables, short and long stories, jokes, and fictional anecdotes.
CONTENTS
Lead-in Introduction Types of Narration Selection and Focus Language Features Practice
Lead-in: Free Writing
1.Think over what impresses you most recently, and write it down in about 10 minutes. 2. Read your own writing or ask someone available to read it for you. Find：What you have written？
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第十六和第十七章介绍学术期刊的种类和等级以及如何投稿等话 题。这两章所介绍的内容是论文撰写过程的延续，即如何选择拟投稿的 期刊，如何注册投稿的账户并完成在线投稿的全过程。 第十八章主要是国内语言学和外国文学核心期刊介绍，便于作者 熟悉相关期刊的所需稿件在内容和形式的具体要求，避免投稿者少走弯 路。 本书的五个附录分别介绍了核心期刊的目录，CSSCI来源期刊的 目录，参考文献格式的国家标准，几种文献类型的著录格式，第五个附 录是国际学术论文投稿的一个范本，是笔者和另外两名同行合作撰写的 一篇论文，在附录中标注了论文发表和收录的有关信息，表示对原刊物 版权的尊重，读者从中可以学到论文的标题、摘要、关键词、参考文献、 注释与引用等涉及的一些注意事项，尤其是在英语论文中如何处理中文 的语料的问题。
从第四章开始，依次介绍了如何确定论文题目，如何撰写摘 要，如何提炼关键词，如何确定提纲与文章的结构，如何撰写文 献综述，如何进行交叉学科的研究，如何理解和运用本学科的理 论，如何在英文论文中使用汉语语料，如何理 解参考文献的功能并对参考文献进行考证。 这些内容按撰写论文时所涉及到的各个步骤的先后次序安排， 涵盖了论文撰写过程的整个过程，每一阶段占一章的篇幅，每一 章又分为多个小节，较全面地介绍了论文撰写过程中相关的注意 事项