2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

合集下载

2008考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析

2008考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is大1家to say it anyway.He is that大2家bird,a scientist who works independently大3家any institution.Hehelped popularize the idea that some diseases not大4家thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.大5家he,however,might tremble at the大6家of what he is about to do.Togetherwith another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only大7家that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that has brought this about.The group in大8家are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,大9家12-15points above the大10家value of100,and have contributed大11家to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,asthe大12家of their elites,including several world-renowned scientists,大13家.They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breastcancer.These facts,大14家,have previously been thought unrelated.The former has been大15家to social effects,such as a strong tradition of大16家education.The latter was seen as a(an)大17家of genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately大18家.His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 大19家them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this大20家state of affairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]given up[B]got over[C]carried on[D]put down16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuousSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life,women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category.“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,”according to Dr. Yehuda,chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response,causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.In several of the studies,when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed,their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals,are her increased“opportunities”for stress.“It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well.It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,”says Dr.Yehuda.“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,”she observes,“it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr.Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.“I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,by, unfortunately,parents or other family members,and they tend not to be one-shot deals.The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at18and gave birth to a son,but was determined to finish college.“I struggled a lot to get the college degree.I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape,to go to school,and get ahead and do better.”Later,her marriage ended and she became a single mother.“It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager,have a job,pay the rent,pay the car payment,and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations,with few breaks,and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A]Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B]Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C]Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D]Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22.Dr.Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A]need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B]have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C]are more capable of avoiding stress.[D]are exposed to more stress.23.According to Paragraph4,the stress women confront tends to be[A]domestic and temporary.[B]irregular and violent.[C]durable and frequent.[D]trivial and random.24.The sentence“I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)shows that[A]Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B]Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C]Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D]Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Strain of Stress:No Way Out?[B]Responses to Stress:Gender Difference[C]Stress Analysis:What Chemicals Say[D]Gender Inequality:Women Under StressText2It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer.The Internet–and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it–is making access to scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reachingconsequences of this.The report,by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makes heavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,in part, upon wide distribution and ready access.It is big business.In America,the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between$7billion and$11billion.The International Association of Scientific,Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.They publish more than1.2million articles each year in some16,000journals.This is now changing.According to the OECD report,some75%of scholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models are emerging;three main ones were identified by the report’s authors.There is the so-called big deal,where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,there are open-access archives,where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.Other models exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayed open-access,where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months,before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.26.In the first paragraph,the author discusses[A]the background information of journal editing.[B]the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C]the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D]the traditional process of journal publication.27.Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A]It criticizes government-funded research.[B]It introduces an effective means of publication.[C]It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D]It benefits scientific research considerably.28.According to the text,online publication is significant in that[A]it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B]it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C]it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D]it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29.With the open-access publishing model,the author of a paper is required to[A]cover the cost of its publication.[B]subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C]allow other online journals to use it freely.[D]complete the peer-review before submission.30.Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A]The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B]A new mode of publication is emerging.[C]Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D]Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text3In the early1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than140years ago, today’s people–especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations–apparently reached their limit in the early1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller.“In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.In the case of NBA players,their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of20,demands calories and nutrients–notably,protein–to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the20th century,under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.But as diet and health improved,children and adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inch and a half every20years,a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height–5′9″for men,5′4″for women–hasn’t really changed since1960.Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been upright for millions of years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change,but don’t expect this to happen soon.Claire C.Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,Mass.,ensures that90percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that,unlike those for basketball,the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need topredict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large,“you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A]illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B]show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C]compare different generations of NBA players.[D]assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A]Genetic modification.[B]Natural environment.[C]Living standards.[D]Daily exercise.33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A]Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B]Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C]Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D]Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A]the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B]the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C]genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D]the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35.The text intends to tell us that[A]the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B]human height is becoming even more predictable.[C]Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D]the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text4In1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52, was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slaveryplayed in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past30years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington, His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of1800by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in1803;the new land was carved into13states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A]show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B]demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C]stress the role of slaves in the U.S.history.[D]reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37.We may infer from the second paragraph that[A]DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B]in its early days the U.S.was confronted with delicate situations.[C]historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D]political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S.history.38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A]His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B]His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C]His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D]His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B]Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C]Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D]Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A]moral considerations.[B]military experience.[C]financial conditions.[D]political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41—45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)The time for sharpening pencils,arranging your desk,and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended.The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit,stand up,or lie down to write.(41)是大家网原创出品Be flexible.Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next,but do not permit it to railroad you.If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now,work it into the draft.(42)是大家网原创出品Grammar,punctuation,and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying.Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43)是大家网原创出品Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way,and,if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere,you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor,you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44)是大家网原创出品These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper,you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing.The student who wrote“The A&P as a State of Mind”wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.(45)是大家网原创出品Remember that your initial draft is only that.You should go through the paper many times–and then again–working to substantiate and clarify your ideas.You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper.Rewrite.The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A]To make revising easier,leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you caneasily add words,sentences,and corrections.Write on only one side of the paper.[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper,pay particularattention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs.It’s probably best to write the introduction last,after you know precisely what you are introducing.Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression. [C]It’s worth remembering,however,that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may lookterrific,it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it.Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D]It makes no difference how you write,just so you do.Now that you have developed a topicinto a tentative thesis,you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E]Although this is an interesting issue,it has nothing to do with the thesis,which explainshow the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job.Instead of including that paragraph,she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A&P“policy”he enforces.[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in“A&P,”the student bringstogether the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say,you will verylikely discover more than your notes originally suggested.Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write.Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)In his autobiography,Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely,but(46)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit,such as distinguished Huxley.(47)He asserted,also,thathis power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.His memory,too,he described as extensive,but hazy.So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.(48)On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.This,he thought,could not be true,because the“Origin of Species”is one long argument from the beginning to the end,and has convinced many able men.No one, he submits,could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning.He was willing to assert that“I have a fair share of invention,and of common sense or judgment,such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have,but not,I believe,in any higher degree.”(49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life,he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years.Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure.Formerly,too,pictures had given him considerable,and music very great,delight.In1881,however,he said:“Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry.I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.”(50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob,your landlord there.Write him a letter to1)make an apology,and2)suggest a solution.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2008年真题答案解析Section I:Use of English(10points)1.【答案】[B]【解析】本题测试语义逻辑衔接。

植物生理学与生物化学历年研究生考试真题

植物生理学与生物化学历年研究生考试真题

植物生理学与生物化学历年研究生考试真题2008年全国硕士研究生人学统一考试植物生理学与生物化学植物生理学一、单项挑选题:1一15小题,每小题1分,共15分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中,惟独一具选项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列元素缺乏时,导致植物幼叶首先浮现病症的元素是A.N B.P. C.Ca D.K 2.能诱导果实发生呼吸跃变的植物激素是A.ABA B.IAA C.ETH D.CTK 3.植物一生的生长进程中,其生长速率的变化规律是A.快一慢一快 B.快一慢 C.慢一快一慢 D.慢一快4.植物细胞中质子泵利用ATP水解释放的能量,逆电化学势梯度跨膜转运H+,这一过程称为A.初级主动运输 B.次级主动运输 C.同向共运输 D.反向共运输5.植物叶片中举行亚硝酸还原的要紧部位是A.线粒体 B.细胞基质 C.液泡 D.叶绿体6.高等植物光系统Ⅱ的作用中心群素分子是A.P680 B.P700 C.A0 D.Pheo7.植物光呼吸过程中,氧气汲取发生的部位是A.线粒体和叶绿体 B.线粒体和过氧化物酶体C.叶绿体和乙醛酸循环体 D.叶绿体和过氧化物酶体8.类胡萝卜素对可见光的汲取范围是A.680~700XXX B.600~680 XXX C.500~600 XXX D.400~500XXX 9.1mol NADH + H+经交替氧化途径将电子传给氧气时,可形成A.4molATP B.3molATP C.2.molATP D.1molATP 10.若某一植物组织呼吸作用释放C02摩尔数和汲取O2摩尔数的比值小于1,则该组织在此时期的呼吸底物要紧是A.脂肪B.淀粉C.有机酸D.葡萄糖11.某植物创造100g干物质消耗了75kg水,其蒸腾系数为A.750 B.75 C.7.5 D.0.75 12.下列蛋白质中,属于植物细胞壁结构蛋白的是A.钙调蛋白B.伸展蛋白C.G蛋白D.扩张蛋白13.在植物的光周期诱导过程中,随着暗期的延长A.Pr含量落低,有利于LDP开花 B.Pfr含量落低,有利于SDP开花C.Pfr 含量落低,有利于LDP开花D.Pr含量落低,有利于SDP开花14.依照花形态建成基因调控的“ABC模型”,操纵花器官中雄蕊形成的是A.A组基因B.A组和B组基因 C.B组和C组基因D.C组基因15.未完成后熟的种子在低温层积过程中,ABA和GA含量的变化为A.ABA升高,GA落低 B.ABA落低,GA升高C.ABA和GA均落低 D.ABA和GA均升高二、简答题:16—18小题,每小题8分,共24分。

2008—数一真题、标准答案及解析

2008—数一真题、标准答案及解析

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

(1)设函数2()ln(2)x f x t dt =+⎰则()f x '的零点个数( )()A 0()B 1 ()C 2()D 3(2)函数(,)arctanxf x y y=在点(0,1)处的梯度等于( ) ()A i()B -i ()C j()D -j(3)在下列微分方程中,以123cos2sin 2x y C e C x C x =++(123,,C C C 为任意常数)为通解的是( )()A 440y y y y ''''''+--=.()B 440y y y y ''''''+++=.()C 440y y y y ''''''--+=.()D 440y y y y ''''''-+-=.(4)设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内单调有界,{}n x 为数列,下列命题正确的是( )()A 若{}n x 收敛,则{}()n f x 收敛. ()B 若{}n x 单调,则{}()n f x 收敛.()C 若{}()n f x 收敛,则{}n x 收敛.()D 若{}()n f x 单调,则{}n x 收敛.(5)设A 为n 阶非零矩阵,E 为n 阶单位矩阵. 若30A =,则( )()A E A -不可逆,E A +不可逆.()B E A -不可逆,E A +可逆.()C E A -可逆,E A +可逆.()D E A -可逆,E A +不可逆.(6)设A 为3阶实对称矩阵,如果二次曲面方程(,,)1x x y z A y z ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭在正交变换下的标准方程的图形如图,则A 的正特征值个数为( )()A 0.()B 1. ()C 2.()D 3.(7)设随机变量,X Y 独立同分布且X 分布函数为()F x ,则{}max ,Z X Y =分布函数为( )()A ()2F x .()B ()()F x F y .()C ()211F x --⎡⎤⎣⎦.()D ()()11F x F y --⎡⎤⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦.(8)设随机变量()~0,1X N ,()~1,4Y N 且相关系数1XY ρ=,则( )()A {}211P Y X =--=. ()B {}211P Y X =-=. ()C {}211P Y X =-+=.()D {}211P Y X =+=.二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上. (9)微分方程0xy y '+=满足条件()11y =的解是y = . (10)曲线()()sin ln xy y x x +-=在点()0,1处的切线方程为 .(11)已知幂级数()02nn n a x ∞=+∑在0x =处收敛,在4x =-处发散,则幂级数()03nn n a x ∞=-∑的收敛域为.(12)设曲面∑是z =的上侧,则2xydydz xdzdx x dxdy ∑++=⎰⎰ .(13)设A 为2阶矩阵,12,αα为线性无关的2维列向量,12120,2A A αααα==+,则A 的非零特征值为 .(14)设随机变量X 服从参数为1的泊松分布,则{}2P X EX == .三、解答题:15-23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.(15)(本题满分10分)求极限()40sin sin sin sin lim x x x x x →-⎡⎤⎣⎦. (16)(本题满分10分) 计算曲线积分()2sin 221Lxdx xydy +-⎰,其中L 是曲线sin y x =上从点()0,0到点(),0π的一段.(17)(本题满分10分)已知曲线22220:35x y z C x y z ⎧+-=⎨++=⎩,求曲线C 距离XOY 面最远的点和最近的点.(18)(本题满分10分)设()f x 是连续函数,(1)利用定义证明函数()()0xF x f t dt =⎰可导,且()()F x f x '=;(2)当()f x 是以2为周期的周期函数时,证明函数()22()()xG x f t dt x f t dt =-⎰⎰也是以2为周期的周期函数.(19)(本题满分10分)()21(0)f x x x π=-≤≤,用余弦级数展开,并求()1211n n n-∞=-∑的和.(20)(本题满分11分)T T A ααββ=+,T α为α的转置,T β为β的转置.(1)证()2r A ≤;(2)若,αβ线性相关,则()2r A <. (21)(本题满分11分)设矩阵2221212n na a aA a a ⨯⎛⎫⎪⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭,现矩阵A 满足方程AX B =,其中()1,,Tn X x x =,()1,0,,0B =,(1)求证()1n A n a =+(2)a 为何值,方程组有唯一解,求1x (3)a 为何值,方程组有无穷多解,求通解(22)(本题满分11分)设随机变量X 与Y 相互独立,X 的概率分布为{}()11,0,13P X i i ===-,Y 的概率密度为()1010Y y f y ≤≤⎧=⎨⎩其它,记Z X Y =+ (1)求102P Z X ⎧⎫≤=⎨⎬⎩⎭(2)求Z 的概率密度.(23)(本题满分11分)设12,,,n X X X 是总体为2(,)N μσ11ni i X X n ==∑,2211()1n ii S X X n ==--∑,221T X S n =- (1)证 T 是2μ的无偏估计量.(2)当0,1μσ==时 ,求DT .2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题解析一、选择题 (1)【答案】B【详解】2()[ln(2)]2f x x x '=+⋅,(0)0f '=,即0x =是()f x '的一个零点又2224()2ln(2)02x f x x x''=++>+,从而()f x '单调增加((,)x ∈-∞+∞) 所以()f x '只有一个零点. (2)【答案】A【详解】因为2211x y f x y '=+,2221y x y f x y -'=+,所以(0,1)1x f '=,(0,1)0y f '=所以 (0,1)10f =⋅+⋅=grad i j i (3)【答案】D【详解】由微分方程的通解中含有xe 、cos 2x 、sin 2x 知齐次线性方程所对应的特征方程有根1,2r r i ==±,所以特征方程为(1)(2)(2)0r r i r i --+=,即32440r r r -+-=. 故以已知函数为通解的微分方程是40y y y ''''''-+-= (4)【答案】B【详解】因为()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内单调有界,且{}n x 单调. 所以{()}n f x 单调且有界. 故{()}n f x 一定存在极限(5)【答案】C【详解】23()()E A E A A E A E -++=-=,23()()E A E A A E A E +-+=+= 故,E A E A -+均可逆. (6)【答案】B【详解】图示的二次曲面为双叶双曲面,其方程为2222221x y z a b c '''--=,即二次型的标准型为222222x y z f a b c'''=--,而标准型的系数即为A 的特征值.(7)【答案】A【详解】()(){}{}()()()()()2max ,Z Z Z Z F z P Z z P X Y z P X z P Y z F z F z F z =≤=≤=≤≤==(8)【答案】D【详解】 用排除法. 设Y aX b =+,由1XY ρ=,知道,X Y 正相关,得0a >,排除()A 、()C由~(0,1),~(1,4)X N Y N ,得0,1,EX EY ==所以 ()()E Y E aX b aEX b =+=+01,a b ⨯+= 所以1b =. 排除()B . 故选择()D 二、填空题 (9) 【答案】1x 【详解】由dy y dx x -=,两端积分得1ln ln y x C -=+,所以1x C y=+,又(1)1y =,所以1y x =. (10) 【答案】1y x =+【详解】设(,)sin()ln()F x y xy y x x =+--,则1cos()11cos()x y y xy F dy y x dx F x xy y x--'-=-=-'+-,将(0)1y =代入得1x dy dx==,所以切线方程为10y x -=-,即1y x =+(11)【答案】(1,5]【详解】幂级数(2)nn n a x ∞=+∑的收敛区间以2x =-为中心,因为该级数在0x =处收敛,在4x =-处发散,所以其收敛半径为2,收敛域为(4,0]-,即222x -<+≤时级数收敛,亦即nn n a t∞=∑的收敛半径为2,收敛域为(2,2]-. 则(3)nn n a x ∞=-∑的收敛半径为2,由232x -<-≤得15x <≤,即幂级数(3)nn n a x ∞=-∑的收敛域为(1,5] (12)【答案】4π【详解】加221:0(4)z x y ∑=+≤的下侧,记∑与1∑所围空间区域为Ω,则2xydydz xdzdx x dxdy ∑++⎰⎰ 1122xydydz xdzdx x dxdy xydydz xdzdx x dxdy ∑+∑∑=++-++⎰⎰⎰⎰2222222441()0()2x y x y ydxdydz x dxdy x y dxdy Ω+≤+≤=--=++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰22300142d r dr πθπ==⎰⎰(13)【答案】1【详解】1212121202(,)(,)(0,2)(,)01A A A αααααααα⎛⎫==+=⎪⎝⎭记12(,)P αα=,0201B ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,则AP PB =因为12,αα线性无关,所以P 可逆. 从而1B P AP -=,即A 与B 相似. 由2||(1)001E B λλλλλ--==-=-,得0λ=及1λ=为B 的特征值.又相似矩阵有相同的特征值,故A 的非零特征值为1. (14)【答案】12e【详解】由22()DX EX EX =-,得22()EX DX EX =+,又因为X 服从参数为1的泊松分布,所以1DX EX ==,所以2112EX =+=,所以 {}21111222P X e e --===!三、解答题(15) 【详解】 方法一:4300[sin sin(sin )]sin sin sin(sin )limlim x x x x x x x x x →→--=22220001sin cos cos(sin )cos 1cos(sin )12lim lim lim 3336x x x xx x x x x x x →→→--==== 方法二:331sin ()6x x x o x =-+ 331sin(sin )sin sin (sin )6x x x o x =-+4444400[sin sin(sin )]sin sin (sin )1lim lim 66x x x x xx o x x x x →→⎡⎤-∴ =+=⎢⎥⎣⎦(16) 【详解】 方法一:(直接取x 为参数将对坐标的曲线积分化成定积分计算)2222220000sin 22(1)[sin 22(1)sin cos ]sin 21cos 2cos 2sin 2sin 222222Lxdx x ydyx x x x dx xxdxx x x x xdx x xdx ππππππππ+-=+-⋅==-+=-+-=-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰方法二:(添加x 轴上的直线段用格林公式化成二重积分计算)取1L 为x 轴上从点(,0)π到点(0,0)的一段,D 是由L 与1L 围成的区域112220sin 2000022000sin 22(1)sin 22(1)sin 22(1)14sin 24cos 22sin 21(1cos 2)sin 2sin 22222LL L L xDxdx x ydyxdx x ydy xdx x ydyxydxdy xdx dx xydy x x xdx x x x x dx x xdx πππππππππ++-=+--+-=--=--=-=--=-+-=-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰方法三:(将其拆成2sin 222LLxdx ydy xydy -+⎰⎰,前者与路径无关,选择沿x 轴上的直线段积分,后者化成定积分计算)2212sin 22(1)sin 222LLLxdx x ydy xdx ydy x ydy I I +-=-+=+⎰⎰⎰对于1I ,因为0P Qy x∂∂==∂∂,故曲线积分与路径无关,取(0,0)到(,0)π的直线段积分10sin 20I xdx π==⎰2222202200022122sin cos sin 2cos 221111cos 22cos 2sin 222221111sin 2cos 22222LI x ydy x x xdx x xdx x d x x x x xdx xd xx x x ππππππππππ====-=-+=-+⎡⎤=-++=-⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰所以,原式212π=-(17) 【详解】点(,,)x y z 到xOy 面的距离为||z ,故求C 上距离xOy 面的最远点和最近点的坐标,等价于求函数2H z =在条件22220x y z +-=与35x y z ++=下的最大值点和最小值点.令 2222(,,,,)(2)(35)L x y z z x y z x y z λμλμ=++-+++-所以 22220(1)20(2)2430(3)20(4)35(5)xy zL x L y L z z x y z x y z λμλμλμ'=+=⎧⎪'=+=⎪⎪'=-+=⎨⎪+-=⎪++=⎪⎩ 由(1)(2)得x y =,代入(4)(5)有 220235x z x z ⎧-=⎨+=⎩,解得555x y z =-⎧⎪=-⎨⎪=⎩ 或111x y z =⎧⎪=⎨⎪=⎩(18)【详解】(I) 对任意的x ,由于f 是连续函数,所以0000()()()()limlim x xxx x f t dt f t dtF x x F x xx+→→-+-=⎰⎰0()()limlimlim ()x x xx x x f t dt f xf xxξξ+→→→===⎰ ,其中ξ介于x 与x x +之间 由于0lim ()()x f f x ξ→=,可知函数()F x 在x 处可导,且()()F x f x '=.(II)方法一:要证明()G x 以2为周期,即要证明对任意的x ,都有(2)()G x G x +=,()(2)()H x G x G x =+-,则()()()()()()()()22222()2(2)22(2)2()0x x H x f t dt x f t dt f t dt x f t dtf x f t dt f x f t dt +'''=-+--=+--+=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰又因为 ()()()22(0)(2)(0)2200H G G f t dt f t dt =-=--=⎰⎰所以 ()0H x =,即(2)()G x G x +=方法二:由于f 是以2为周期的连续函数,所以对任意的x ,有()()()()222(2)()2(2)2x x G x G x f t dt x f t dt f t dt x f t dt ++-=-+-+⎰⎰⎰⎰()()()()2222002x xf t dt f t dt f t dt f t dt +⎡⎤=+--⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰⎰⎰()()()()000222[2]0x x xf t dt f u du f t f t dt ⎡⎤=-++=+-=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰⎰ 即()G x 是以2为周期的周期函数.(19)【详解】 由于 220022(1)23a xdx πππ=-=-⎰21224(1)cos (1)1,2,n n a x nxdx n n ππ+=-=- =⎰所以 210211(1)()cos 14cos 023n n n n a f x a nx nx x n ππ+∞∞==-=+=-+ ≤≤∑∑令0x =,有 2121(1)(0)143n n f n π+∞=-=-+ ∑ 又(0)1f =,所以 1221(1)12n n n π+∞=- =∑ (20)【详解】(I) ()()()()()()2T T T T r A r r r r r ααββααββαβ=+≤+≤+≤(II) 由于,αβ线性相关,不妨设k αβ=. 于是()2()()(1)()12T T T r A r r k r ααβββββ=+=+≤≤<(21)【详解】(I)证法一:2222122212132101221221122aa a a a a aa aA r ar aaa a =-=121301240134(1)2(1)3231(1)0n n n a a a n a a n ar ar a n a nnn a n--+-=⋅⋅⋅=++ 证法二:记||n D A =,下面用数学归纳法证明(1)n n D n a =+. 当1n =时,12D a =,结论成立. 当2n =时,2222132a D a a a==,结论成立. 假设结论对小于n 的情况成立.将n D 按第1行展开得2212102121212n n a a a aD aD a a-=-21221222(1)(1)n n n n n aD a D ana a n a n a ---- =-=--=+故 ||(1)n A n a =+证法三:记||n D A =,将其按第一列展开得 2122n n n D aD a D --=-, 所以 211212()n n n n n n D aD aD a D a D aD ------=-=-222321()()n n n n a D aD a D aD a ---=-==-=即 12122()2n n n n n n n n D a aD a a a aD a a D ----=+=++=++2121(2)(1)n n n n n a a D n a a D --==-+=-+1(1)2(1)n n n n a a a n a -=-+⋅=+(II)因为方程组有唯一解,所以由Ax B =知0A ≠,又(1)nA n a =+,故0a ≠.由克莱姆法则,将n D 的第1列换成b ,得行列式为2221122(1)(1)112102121221122n n n nn n a aa a a aa aD na a a a a --⨯-⨯-===所以 11(1)n n D nx D n a-==+ (III)方程组有无穷多解,由0A =,有0a =,则方程组为12101101001000n n x x x x -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ 此时方程组系数矩阵的秩和增广矩阵的秩均为1n -,所以方程组有无穷多解,其通解为 ()()10000100,T Tk k +为任意常数.(22)【详解】 (I) 1201(0,)11112(0)(0)()122(0)22P X Y P Z X P X Y X P Y dy P X =≤≤==+≤===≤===⎰ (II) (){}{}Z F z P Z z P X Y z =≤=+≤{,1}{,0}{,1}P X Y z X P X Y z X P X Y z X =+≤=-++≤=++≤= {1,1}{,0}{1,1}P Y z X P Y z X P Y z X =≤+=-+≤=+≤-={1}{1}{}{0}{1}{1}P Y z P X P Y z P X P Y z P X =≤+=-+≤=+≤-= []1{1}{}{1}3P Y z P Y z P Y z =≤++≤+≤- []1(1)()(1)3Y Y Y F z F z F z =+++- 所以 []1()(1)()(1)3Z Y Y Y f z f z f z f z =+++-1,1230,z ⎧-≤<⎪=⎨⎪⎩其它(23) 【详解】(I) 因为2(,)X N μσ,所以2(,)X N n σμ,从而2,E X DX n σμ= =. 因为 221()()E T E X S n =-221()E X E S n=- 221()()DX E X E S n =+-222211n nσμσμ=+-= 所以,T 是2μ的无偏估计(II)方法一:22()()D T ET ET =-,()0E T =,22()1E S σ==所以2()D T ET =442222()S E X X S n n =-⋅+ 4224221()()()()E X E X E S E S n n=-+ 因为(0,1)X N ,所以1(0,)X N n, 有10,E X D X n ==,()221E X DX E X n =+=所以2242222()()()()()E X D X E X D D X E X⎡⎤=+=++⎣⎦ 2221()D D X n ⎡⎤=+⎣⎦2221132n n n ⎛⎫=⋅+= ⎪⎝⎭ ()2422222()1ES E S DS ES DS ⎡⎤==+=+⎢⎥⎣⎦因为2222(1)(1)(1)n S W n S n χσ-==--,所以2(1)DW n =-,又因为22(1)DW n DS =-,所以22(1)DS n =-,所以4211(1)1n ES n n +=+=-- 所以 2223211111n ET n n n n n +=-⋅⋅+⋅-2(1)n n =-. 方法二:当0,1μσ==时221()()D T D X S n=- (注意X 和2S 独立) 222222221111(1)(1)DX DS D D n S n n n n ⎡⎤=+=+⋅-⎣⎦- 222111222(1)(1)(1)n n n n n n =⋅+⋅⋅-=--。

2008考研试题及评分标准

2008考研试题及评分标准


x + ∆x
0
f (t ) dt − ∆x

x
0
f ( t ) dt
= lim

x + ∆x
x
f (t ) dt
∆x → 0
∆x
……2 分
……5 分
(Ⅱ) 证法 1:要证明 G ( x) 以 2 为周期,即要证明对任意的 x ,都有 G ( x + 2) = G ( x) , 记 H ( x) = G ( x + 2) − G ( x) ,则
……2 分 ……6 分 ……9 分
(16) 解法 1:

π 0
L
sin 2 xdx + 2 x 2 − 1 ydy = ∫ sin 2 x + 2 x 2 − 1 sin x ⋅ cos x dx
0
(
)
π
[
(
)
]
= ∫ x 2 sin 2 xdx
……4 分
∫ sin 2xdx + 2(x
L D
π x2 ……6 分 = − cos 2 x π 0 + ∫ x cos 2 xdx 0 2 π2 x 1 π π2 =− + sin 2 x π − sin 2 xdx = − ……9 分 0 2 2 2 ∫0 2 解法 2:取 L1 为 x 轴上从点 (π ,0 ) 到点 (0,0 ) 的一段, D 是由 L 与 L1 围成的区域 2
3
(4)设函数 f ( x) 在 ( −∞, +∞ ) 内单调有界, {xn } 为数列,下列命题正确的是
(5) 设 A 为 n 阶非零矩阵,E 为 n 阶单位矩阵,若 A = 0 ,则 (B) E − A 不可逆, E + A 可逆. (D) E − A 可逆, E + A 不可逆

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二真题及答案

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二真题及答案
故 线性无关.
(Ⅱ)记 则 可逆,
即 .
【难易度】★★
【详解】
解析:
则 。记 ,则
则 ,正、负惯性指数相同,故选
二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上.
(9)已知函数 连续,且 ,则
【答案】2
【考点】等价无穷小
【难易度】★★
【详解】
解析:利用等价无穷小因子替换有
.
(10)微分方程 的通解是 .
【答案】y=Cx-xe-x,其中C为任意常数
2个无穷间断点
2个跳跃间断点
【答案】
【考点】函数间断点的类型
【难易度】★★
Hale Waihona Puke 【详解】解析: 的间断点为 ,而 ,故 是可去间断点;
, ,故 是跳跃间断点
故选 .
(5)设函数 在 内单调有界, 为数列,下列命题正确的是( )
若 收敛,则 收敛. 若 单调,则 收敛.
若 收敛,则 收敛. 若 单调,则 收敛.
【详解】
解析:令
得方程组 即 ,解得 或
得 .
.
(22)(本题满分11分)
设 元线性方程组 ,其中 , , .
(Ⅰ)证明行列式 ;
(Ⅱ)当 为何值时,该方程组有唯一解,求 ;
(Ⅲ)当 为何值时,该方程组有无穷多解,求通解.
【考点】行列式的基本性质,非齐次线性方程组解的判定
【难易度】★★★
【详解】
解析:(Ⅰ)证明:消元法.记

(Ⅱ)由克莱姆法则, 时方程组有唯一解,故 时方程组有唯一解.
由克莱姆法则,将 得第一列换成 ,得行列式为
所以, .
(Ⅲ)当 时,方程组为
此时方程组系数矩阵的秩和增广矩阵的秩均为 ,所以方程组有无穷多组解,其通解为 ,其中 为任意常数.

2008考研数农真题及解析

2008考研数农真题及解析

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考数学试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,请选出一项最符合题目要求的. (1) 设函数2sin(1)()1x f x x -=-,则 ( )(A) 1x =-为可去间断点,1x =为无穷间断点. (B) 1x =-为无穷间断点,1x =为可去间断点. (C) 1x =-和1x =均为可去间断点. (D) 1x =-和1x =均为无穷间断点.(2) 设函数()f x 可微,则(1)x y f e -=-的微分dy = ( )(A) (1)(1)x x e f e dx --'+-. (B) (1)(1)x x e f e dx --'--. (C) (1)x x e f e dx --'--.(D) (1)x x e f e dx --'-.(3) 设函数()f x 连续,2()()x F x f t dt =⎰,则()F x '= ( )(A) 2()f x -. (B) 2()f x . (C) 22()xf x -. (D) 22()xf x .(4) 设函数(,)f x y 连续,交换二次积分次序得1022(,)y dy f x y dx -=⎰⎰( )(A)122(,)x dx f x y dy +-⎰⎰.(B)0212(,)x dx f x y dy -+⎰⎰.(C)212(,)x dx f x y dy -⎰⎰.(D)20012(,)xdx f x y dy -⎰⎰.(5) 设123,,ααα为3维列向量,矩阵1232123(,,),(,2,)A B ααααααα==+ ,若行列式3A =,则行列式B = ( )(A) 6.(B) 3.(C) 3-. (D) 6-.(6) 已知向量组123,,ααα线性无关,则下列向量组中线性无关的是 ( )(A) 1223312,2,αααααα++-. (B) 1223312,,2αααααα---. (C) 1223312,2,αααααα-+-. (D) 122331,2,2αααααα-++.(7) 设123,,A A A 为3个随机事件,下列结论中正确的是 ( )(A) 若123,,A A A 相互独立,则123,,A A A 两两独立. (B) 若123,,A A A 两两独立,则123,,A A A 相互独立.(C) 若123123()()()()P A A A P A P A P A =,则123,,A A A 相互独立. (D) 若1A 与2A 独立,2A 与3A 独立,则1A 与3A 独立.(8) 设随机变量X 服从参数为,n p 的二项分布,则 ( )(A) (21)2E X np -=.(B) (21)4E X np +=.(C) (21)2(1)D X np p -=-. (D) (21)4(1)D X np p +=-.二、填空题:9~14小题,每小题4分,共24分. (9) 函数()2xf x e ex =--的极小值为______________. (10)2||2(1)x e x dx -+=⎰______________.(11) 曲线sin()ln()xy y x x +-=在点(0,1)处的切线方程是______________. (12) 设22{(,)|1,0}D x y x y y x =+≤≤≤,则22x y De dxdy +=⎰⎰______________.(13) 设3阶矩阵A 的特征值为1,2,3,则行列式12A -=______________.(14) 设1234,,,X X X X 为来自正态总体(2,4)N 的简单随机样本,X 为其样本均值,则2()E X =______________.三、解答题:15~23小题,共94分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)(本题满分10分)求极限21cos(sin )lim1x x x e →--.(16)(本题满分10分)计算不定积分.(17)(本题满分10分)求微分方程2()0x y x e dx xdy -+-=满足初始条件1|0x y ==的特解.(18)(本题满分11分)证明:当0x >时,2(1)1x x e x -+>-.(19)(本题满分11分)设sin(2)xyz e y =+,求z x ∂∂,z y ∂∂及2zx y∂∂∂.(20)(本题满分9分)设3阶矩阵X 满足等式2AX B X =+,其中311012004A ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,110102202B ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,求矩阵X .(21)(本题满分12分)对于线性方程组123123122,21,23.x x x x x ax x x b ++=⎧⎪++=-⎨⎪+=⎩讨论,a b 取何值时,方程组无解、有唯一解和无穷多解,并在方程组有无穷多解时,求出通解.(22)(本题满分11分)设随机变量X 的概率密度为,01,(),12,0,ax x f x b x <≤⎧⎪=<<⎨⎪⎩其他,且X 的数学期望1312EX =,(I) 求常数,a b ;XY 00.10.20 101- 20.30.10.3(II) 求X 的分布函数()F x .(23)(本题满分10分)设二维随机变量(,)X Y 的概率分布为(I) 分别求(,)X Y 关于,X Y 的边缘分布; (II) 求{2}P X Y +≤; (III) 求{0|0}P Y X ==.2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考数学试题解析一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,请选出一项最符合题目要求的. (1)【答案】(B) 【解析】函数2sin(1)()1x f x x -=-在点1x =±没有定义,而 21sin(1)lim1x x x →--=∞-,所以1x =-为无穷间断点;211sin(1)sin(1)1limlim 1(1)(1)2x x x x x x x →→--==--+,所以1x =为可去间断点.故选(B).(2)【答案】(D)【解析】(1)(1)(1)(1)x x x x x dy df e f e e dx f e e dx -----'''=-=--=-, 故选(D).(3)【答案】(C) 【解析】由于2()()x F x f t dt =⎰,则()222220()()()()()2()x x F x f t dt f t dt f x x xf x ''⎛⎫''==-=-⋅=- ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰, 故选(C).(4)【答案】(A)【解析】积分区域D 如右图所示.由于{}(,)|01,220(,)|20,01,2D x y y y x x x y x y =≤≤-≤≤⎧⎫=-≤≤≤≤+⎨⎬⎩⎭ 所以,10012222(,)(,)x y dy f x y dx dx f x y dy +--=⎰⎰⎰⎰,故选(A).(5)【答案】(D)【解析】根据行列式的性质,有2123213223123223,2,,2,,,2,,02,,2 6.B A αααααααααααααααα=+=+=-+=-=-=-故选(D).(6)【答案】(C)【解析】对于A 、B 、D 选项,由于122331(2)(2)()0αααααα+-++-=; 122331(2)2()(2)0αααααα-+-+-=; 122331()(2)(2)0αααααα-++-+=,根据线性相关的定义可知,A 、B 、D 选项中的向量组都是线性相关的.由排除法可得C 正确.事实上,可以根据定义证明选项C 正确.设 112223331(2)(2)()0k k k αααααα-+++-=, 整理得 131122233(2)()(2)0k k k k k k ααα-+-+++=.由于向量组123,,ααα线性无关,所以13122320,0,20,k k k k k k -=⎧⎪-+=⎨⎪+=⎩此线性方程组的系数矩阵201110021A -⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.由于 20122022110110401121021A -=-=-==≠-,所以方程组13122320,0,20,k k k k k k -=⎧⎪-+=⎨⎪+=⎩只有零解,即1230k k k ===.由线性无关的定义可知,向量组1223312,2,αααααα-+-线性无关. (7)【答案】(A)【解析】若123,,A A A 相互独立,由相互独立的定义可知,121223231313123123()()(),()()(),()()(),()()()(),P A A P A P A P A A P A P A P A A P A P A P A A A P A P A P A ====由此可得123,,A A A 两两独立,故(A)正确;对于选项(B),若123,,A A A 两两独立,则121223231313()()(),()()(),()()(),P A A P A P A P A A P A P A P A A P A P A === 但123123()()()()P A A A P A P A P A =不一定成立,即123,,A A A 不一定相互独立,(B)不正确;根据相互独立的定义可知,选项(C)显然不正确;对于选项(D),令事件2A =∅,则1A 与2A 独立,2A 与3A 独立,但1A 与3A 不一定独立.故选项(D)不正确. (8)【答案】(D)【解析】X 服从参数为,n p 的二项分布,则(),()(1)E X np D X np p ==-.由期望和方差的性质,可得(21)(2)(1)2()121;(21)(2)(1)2()121;(21)(2)4()4(1);(21)(2)4()4(1).E X E X E E X np E X E X E E X np D X D X D X np p D X D X D X np p -=-=-=-+=+=+=+-===-+===-故选项(D)正确,应选(D).二、填空题:9~14小题,每小题4分,共24分. (9)【答案】2-【解析】令()0x f x e e '=-=,可得1x =.()xf x e ''=,(1)0f e ''=>,根据极值的第二充分条件,可得1x =为函数()2xf x e ex =--的极小值点,极小值为(1)2f =-.(10)【答案】222e -【解析】22222||||||20222(1)2222x x x x x e x dx e dx xe dx e dx e e ---+=+===-⎰⎰⎰⎰.(11)【答案】1y x =+【解析】首先求(0,1)y '.方程sin()ln()xy y x x +-=两边对x 求导,得1cos()()(1)1xy y xy y y x''⋅++⋅-=-, 将0,1x y ==代入上式,得(0,1)1y '=,即切线的斜率为1,所以,切线方程为1y x =+. (12)【答案】(1)8e π-【解析】作极坐标变换cos ,sin x r y r θθ==,则{}22(,)|1,0(,)|01,04D x y x y y x r r πθθ⎧⎫=+≤≤≤=≤≤≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭,2222214011201(1).4288x y r Dr redxdy d e rdre dr e e πθπππ+=⋅=⋅==-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰(13)【答案】43【解析】由于A 的特征值为1,2,3,所以1236A =⨯⨯=,1131422863A A--==⨯=. (14)【答案】5【解析】由于1234,,,X X X X 为来自正态总体(2,4)N 的简单随机样本,所以()2,()4,1,2,3,4.i i E X D X i ===又由于22()()()E X D X E X =+,而442114411111()()()()1,44411()()()()2,44i i i i i i i i i i D X D X D X D X E X E X E X E X ============∑∑∑∑所以 222()()()125E X D X E X =+=+=.三、解答题:15~23小题,共94分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)(本题满分10分) 【解析】 2200001cos(sin )1cos(sin )sin(sin )cos sin 1limlimlim lim 2221x x x x x x x x x x x x x e →→→→--====-.(16)(本题满分10分)【解析】令2,2t x t dx tdt ===2ln(1)2ln(1)2112ln(1)2(1)12ln(1)22ln(1)1).t dt tt t dt t t t dtt t t t t C C =+=+-+=+--+=+-+++=-⎰⎰⎰(17)(本题满分10分) 【解析】原方程可化为1x y y xe x-'-=,则 11.dx dx x xx x x y e e xe dx C x e dx C xe Cx ----⎡⎤⎰⎰⎡⎤=⋅+=+=-+⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎰⎰ 将10x y ==代入得1C e =,故所求特解为x x y xe e-=-.(18)(本题满分11分)【解析】设 2()(1)1x f x x e x -=++-,则 22()(12)1,()4x x f x x e f x xe --'''=-++=.当0x >时,()0f x ''>,则()f x '单调增加,故()(0)0,()f x f f x ''>=单调增加.于是()(0)0f x f >=,即2(1)1x x e x -+>-.(19)(本题满分11分) 【解析】cos(2)xy xy zye e y x∂=+∂, (2)cos(2)xy xy zxe e y y∂=++∂, 2cos(2)cos(2)sin(2)(2)[(1)cos(2)(2)sin(2)].xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy ze e y xye e y ye e y xe x ye xy e y y xe e y ∂=+++-+⋅+∂∂=++-++(20)(本题满分9分)【解析】由2AX B X =+,得(2)A E X B -=,其中E 为单位矩阵.1112012002A E ⎛⎫ ⎪-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.因为220A E -=-≠,所以2A E -可逆,1(2)X A E B -=-.而13112(2)0111002A E -⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪-=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,则 1111(2)100101X A E B ---⎛⎫ ⎪=-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.(21)(本题满分12分)【解析】解法1 方程组系数行列式111121230D a a ==--. 当0D ≠时,即1a ≠-时,由克莱姆法则知方程组有唯一解;当1a =-时,方程组的系数矩阵111121230A ⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,对方程组的增广矩阵施行初等行变换得11121112121101232300001B b b ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪=--→-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭. 当1b ≠时,()2,()3,()()r A r B r A r B ==≠,线性方程组无解; 当1b =时,()()23r A r B ==<,线性方程组有无穷多解,其通解为123533201x x k x -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪ ⎪=-+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,其中k 为任意常数.解法2 方程组的系数矩阵11112230A a ⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,对方程组的增广矩阵施行初等行变换得1112111212101132300011B aa b a b ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=-→-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪---⎝⎭⎝⎭.当1,1a b =-≠时,()2,()3,()()r A r B r A r B = =≠,线性方程组无解;当1,a b ≠-任意时,()()3r A r B ==,线性方程组有唯一解; 当1,1a b =-=时,()()23r A r B ==<,线性方程组有无穷多解,其通解为123533201x x k x -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=-+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,其中k 为任意常数.(22)(本题满分11分)【解析】(I) 由()1f x dx +∞-∞=⎰知120112a axdx bdx b +=+=⎰⎰, 而由1312EX =知122013133212a b ax dx bxdx +=+=⎰⎰, 解得11,2a b ==. (II) 当0x ≤时,()()0xF x f t dt -∞==⎰;当01x <≤时,20()2x x F x tdt ==⎰; 当12x <≤时,1011()22x x F x tdt dt =+=⎰⎰; 当2x >时,()1F x =;即 20,0,,01,2(),12,21, 2.x x x F x x x x ≤⎧⎪⎪<≤⎪=⎨⎪<≤⎪⎪>⎩(23)(本题满分10分)【解析】(I)关于X 的边缘分布为 020.30.7XP ,关于Y 的边缘分布 1010.40.30.3Y P - .(II) {2}{0,1}{0,0}P X Y P X Y P X Y +≤===-+=={2,1}{2,0}P X Y P X Y +==-+== 0.10.20.30.10.7=+++=. 或 {2}1{2,1}10.30.7P X Y P X Y +≤=-===-=. (III) {0,0}0.22{0|0}{0}0.33P X Y P Y X P X ========.。

全国311教育学统考真题及答案

全国311教育学统考真题及答案

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学专业基础综合试题一、单项选择题:1〜45小题,每小题2分,共90分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1. 将教育学的研究对象界定为教育现象及其规律,反映了人们在教育学建构中的()。

A. 科学取向B.实践取向C.规范取向D.人文取向2. 某班教师为了激发和保持学生的学习动机,开展了一系列学习竞赛活动。

结果如教师所料,学生的学习热情高涨,成绩明显提高。

但没有想到的是,学生之间相互猜忌、隐瞒学习资料等现象日趋严重。

上述事实表明,教育()oA. 既有正向显性功能,又有正向隐性功能B. 既有负向显性功能,又有负向隐性功能C. 既有正向隐性功能,又有负向隐性功能D. 既有正向显性功能,又有负向隐性功能3. 联合国教科文组织在《学会生存》中主张,建设学习化社会的关键在于(A.改革正规教育C.实施终身教育)OB.发展成人教育D.推行回归教育4•涂尔干说:“教育是成年一代对社会生活尚未成熟的年轻一代所实施的影响。

其目的在于,使儿童的身体、智力和道德状况都得到激励与发展,以适应整个政治社会在总体上对儿童的要求,并适应儿童将来所处的特定环境的要求。

”这种论断正确地指出了()。

A.教育具有社会性B.教育是社会复制的工具C.教育要促进人的个性化D.儿童对成人施加的影响不是教育5. 一些事例显示,对“兽孩”进行的补救教育都不很成功。

这表明人的发展具有()。

A.顺序性B.可逆性C.模仿期D.关键期6. 马克思主义教育学说认为,人的发展的根本动力是()OA.环境影响B.教育作用C.内在因素D.实践活动7. 义务教育的基本内涵是:国家与社会有义务确保全体适龄儿童接受法定年限的学校教育、家长有义务送适龄子女接受法定年限的学校教育和()。

A. 学校有义务为适龄儿童提供公平的教育B. 适龄儿童有义务接受法定年限的学校教育C. 公共机构有对适龄儿童开放并进行教育的义务D. 企事业单位和个人不得雇用学龄儿童8. 教育制度的核心部分是()。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. The boy stood on the bridge, _______ down into the river.A. to lookB. lookC. to be lookingD. looked2. When Peter was asked why he stayed rather than move to a bigger company, he simply said he _______ comfortable there.A. is feelingB. was feelingC. has been feelingD. had been feeling3. English is widely spoken, and _______ as the international language of business and diplomacy.A. usedB. has usedC. is usedD. use...(文章持续叙述完试题答案)Part V: Writing (25 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Time Management". You should write no less than 150 words and base your composition on the outline below:1. 时间管理的重要性a. 时间是有限的资源b. 时间管理对个人和职业发展的影响2. 时间管理的方法a. 制定明确的目标b. 分配时间优先级c. 避免时间的浪费和延迟3. 时间管理给人生带来的好处a. 提高工作效率b. 减少压力和焦虑c. 促进个人成长和提升Time management plays a crucial role in our lives and is often the differentiating factor between success and failure. With only 24 hours in a day, it is essential to make the most out of the limited time we have.First and foremost, time management is vital because time is a finite resource. No matter who we are or what we do, we are all limited by the same amount of time each day. Therefore, managing our time effectively becomes imperative for personal and professional development.There are several methods to practice time management. Firstly, it is crucial to set clear and specific goals. By setting achievable goals, we canallocate our time and resources accordingly. Additionally, prioritizing tasks and activities helps in managing time effectively. By identifying what requires immediate attention and what can be done later, we can ensure that important tasks are not neglected or delayed. Moreover, avoiding time wastage and procrastination is a critical aspect of time management. It is essential to use our time wisely, avoiding distractions and unnecessary activities that do not contribute to our personal or professional growth.The benefits of time management are numerous. Firstly, it improves work efficiency by allowing individuals to focus on essential tasks and eliminate time-consuming activities that do not contribute to the overall goal. Secondly, effective time management helps reduce stress and anxiety. When time is managed well, there is less pressure to meet deadlines, and individuals can complete tasks in a more organized manner. Lastly, time management promotes personal growth and development. By using time efficiently, individuals can allocate time for learning new skills, pursuing hobbies, or engaging in self-improvement activities.In conclusion, time management is of utmost importance for individuals to make the most out of their limited time. By setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and avoiding time wastage, individuals can improve work efficiency, reduce stress, and promote personal growth. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective time management skills in order to achieve personal and professional success.。

2008年考研政治真题及答案

2008年考研政治真题及答案

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试政治理论试题一、单项选择题:1~16小题,每小题1分,共16分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1. 马克思主义哲学与唯心主义哲学、旧唯物主义哲学的根本区别在于(D)A.坚持人的主体地位B.坚持用辩证发展的观点去认识世界C.坚持物质第一性、意识第二性D.坚持从客观的物质实践活动去理解现实世界2. 最近,由多国科学家组成的团队利用一台粒子加速器,让两束原子在一个圆环轨道上做高速运动,发现这些原子自身的时间确实比外界时间慢了。

这项实验进一步证明了作为物质运动存在形式的时间具有(C)A.客观性B. 有限性C. 相对性D. 一维性3. 在听完一位成功的企业家讲课后,一些来自企业的学员感到有些失望,便问他:“你讲的那些内容我们也差不多知道,可为什么我们之间的差距会那么大呢?”这位企业家回答说:“那是因为你们仅是知道,而我却做到了,这就是我们的差别。

”这句话表明了实践高于理论认识,因为实践具有(D)A. 普遍有效性B. 客观规律性C. 主体能动性D. 直接现实性4. “文化蕴藏着巨大的力,这种‘力’不同于物理学上的‘力’,物理的‘力’是人类用来‘化’自然界的,文化的‘力’是用来‘化’自身的。

”这一说法表明(A)A. 文化具有培育和塑造人的功能B. 文化构造了人的本质C. 文化是社会发展的主导力量D. 文化是历史进步的源泉5. 马克思通过对资本主义生产中价值增殖过程的分析,把雇佣工人的劳动时间分为(D)A. 生产使用价值的时间和生产价值的时间B. 转移旧价值的时间和创造新价值的时间C. 生产生产资料价值的时间和生产剩余价值的时间D. 再生产劳动力价值的时间和生产剩余价值的时间6. 某块土地,地租为200万元,土地价格为4000万元。

若银行存款利息率不变,该土地的地租增加到300万元时,银行存款利息率和土地价格分别是(B)A. 5%、9000万元B. 5%、6000万元C. 6%、9000万元D. 6%、6000万元7. 在完善社会主义市场经济体制过程中,要加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系,其基本目标是(A)A. 保障人民基本生活B. 促进社会经济增长C. 实现充分就业D. 使更多的劳动者拥有财产性收入8. 在孙中山的思想中,“平均地权”、“节制资本”属于(C)A. 民族主义B. 民权主义C. 民生主义D. 民主主义9. 1927年9月下旬,毛泽东率领秋收起义的部队来到江西省永新县三湾村,进行了著名的三湾改编,确立了人民军队建设的根本原则,这一原则是(A)A. 党指挥枪B. 官兵平等C. 拥政爱民D. 一切行动听指挥10. 我国对个体手工业进行社会主义改造的主要方式是(D)A. 赎买B. 统购统销C. 公私合营D. 合作化11. 我国社会主义改革是一场新的革命,其性质是(C)A. 解放生产力,发展生产力B. 社会主义基本制度的根本变革C. 社会主义制度的自我完善和发展D. 建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制12. 党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的统一性是由(B)A. 社会主义初级阶段的基本国情决定的B. 社会主义国家的本质决定的C. 社会主义根本任务决定的D. 社会主义国家的发展战略决定的13. 为研究和完善国家法定节假日制度,国家有关部门按照国务院的部署,通过有关网站进行问卷调查,并在部分城市进行了电话调查。

2008年全国考研数学一真题

2008年全国考研数学一真题

y
)ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
(A)
i
(B) i .
(C)
j.
(D) j .
【答案】 应选(A).
1 x y2 x . y 【详解】因为 f y . f x 1 x2 x 2 y 2 y 1 x2 x 2 y2 y2 y2
所以
f x (0,1)
1,
f y
0 ,于是gradf (x, y)
(B) E A 不可逆,则 E A 可逆. (D) E A 可逆,则 E A 不可逆.
(E A)(E A A 2 ) E A3 E , (E A)(E A A2 ) E A3 E .
故 E A , E A 均可逆.故应选(C).
X N (0,1) , Y N (1, 4) ,得
EX 0, EY 1, E(aX b) aEX b . 1 a 0 b , b 1 .从而排除(B).故应选 (D).
( 1)( 2i)( 2i) ( 1)(2 4) 3 4 2 4 3 2 4 4
所以所求微分方程为 y y 4 y 4 y 0 .应选(D).
4
设函数 f ( x) 在 (, ) 内单调有界,{xn } 为数列,下列命题正确的是( (A) 若 {xn } 收敛,则 { f ( xn )} 收敛 (C) 若 { f ( xn )} 收敛,则 {xn } 收敛. (B) 若 {xn } 单调,则 { f ( xn )} 收敛 (D) 若 { f ( xn )} 单调,则 {xn } 收敛.
又 f (x) 2 ln(2 x )
2
4x2 0 ,恒大于零,所以 f (x) 在 ( , ) 上是单调递增的.又 2 x2

2008年管理类联考综合真题及答案

2008年管理类联考综合真题及答案

绝密★启用前2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上,其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。

2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答,凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。

3.交卷时,请配合监考人员验收,并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字(作为考生交卷的凭据)。

否则,所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

一、 问题求解(本大题共15小题,每小题3分,共45分。

下列每题给出的五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

)1、2若ABC 的三边为a,b,c,满足222a b c ab bc ac ++=++,则ABC 为A 等腰三角形B 直角三角形C 等边三角形D 等腰直角三角形E 以上都不是3、P 是以a 为边长的正方形,1p 是以P 的四边中点为顶点的正方形,2p 是以1p 的四边中点为顶点的正方形,i p 是以1i p - 的四边中点为顶点的正方形,则6p 的面积是( ) A 216a B 232a C 240a D 248a E 264a 4、某单位有90人,其中65人参加外语培训,72人参加计算机培训,已知参加外语培训而未参加计算机培训的有8人,则参加计算机培训而未参加英语培训的人数是( )A 5B 8C 10D 12E 155、方程2(10x x -++= 的两根分别为等腰三角形的腰a 和底b (a<b ),则该三角形的面积是( )A 4B 8C 4D 5E 86、一辆出租车有段时间的营运全在东西走向的一条大道上,若规定向东为正向,向西为负向。

且知该车的行驶的公里数依次为-10、6、5、-8、9、-15、12,则将最后一名乘客送到目的地时该车的位置是( )A 在首次出发地的东面1公里处B 在首次出发地的西面1公里处C 在首次出发地的东面2公里处D 在首次出发地的东面2公里处E 仍在首次出发地7、如图所示长方形ABCD 中的AB=10CM ,BC=5CM ,设AB 和AD 分别为半径作半圆,则图中阴影部分的面积为: A 225252cm π- B 2125252cm π+ C 225502cm π+ D 2125504cm π- E 以上都不是8、若用浓度为30%和20%的甲乙两种食盐溶液配成浓度为24%的食盐溶液500克,则甲乙两种溶液各取:A 180克 320克B 185克 315克C 190克 310克D 195克 305克E 200克 300克 9、将价值200元的甲原料与价值480元的乙原料配成一种新原料,若新原料每一千克的售价分别比甲、乙原料每千克的售价少3元和多1元则新原料的售价是:A 15 元B 16元C 17元D 18元E 19元10、直角边之和为12的直角三角形面积最大值等于:A 16B 18C 20D 22E 以上都不是11、如果数列 的前n 项的和 , 那么这个数列的通项公式是:A B C D E 以上都不是12、以直线y+x=0 为对称轴且与直线y-3x=2对称的直线方程为: A 233x y += B 233x y +-= C y=-3x-2 D y=-3x+2 E 以上都不是13.有两排座位,前排6个座,后排7个座。

2008考研数三真题及解析

2008考研数三真题及解析

因为 lim f x lim(x2 1) c2 1, lim f x lim 2 2 ,
xc
xc
xc
x xc c
又因为 f (x) 在 (, ) 内连续, f (x) 必在 x c 处连续,
所以 lim f x lim f x f (c) ,即 c2 1 2 c 1 。
x y z1
y
z
2y dy
1
第 5 页 共 12 页
(II) 由上一问可知 z 2x , z 2y , x 1 y 1
所以 u x, y 1 (z z ) 1 ( 2x 2y) 1 2y 2x 2 ,
x y x y x y 1 1 x y 1 1
xc
xc
c
c2 1 2 c3 c 2 0 c3 c2 c2 c c c 2 0 c 1 c
c2(c 1) c(c 1) 2(c 1) 0 (c 1)(c2 c 2) 0 c 1
(10)
函数
f
x
1 x
x x3 1 x4
,求积分
2 2
2
f x dx
又因为 X 服从参数为 1 的泊松分布,所以 DX EX 1,
所以 EX 2 11 2 ,所以
PX
2
12!2 e1
1 e1 。 2
三、解答题:15-23 小题,共 94 分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程
或演算步骤.
(15) (本题满分 9 分)
求极限 lim x0
y0
f
(0, y) f (0, 0) y0
lim e y0
02 y4
y
1
ey2 1
lim
lim

2008考研数二真题及解析

2008考研数二真题及解析

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内.(1) 设2()(1)(2)f x x x x =--,求()f x '的零点个数( )()A 0()B 1 ()C 2()D 3(2) 如图,曲线段方程为()y f x =, 函数在区间[0,]a 上有连续导数,则 定积分()axf x dx '⎰等于( )()A 曲边梯形ABOD 面积.()B 梯形ABOD 面积. ()C 曲边三角形ACD 面积.()D 三角形ACD 面积.(3) 在下列微分方程中,以123cos 2sin 2xy C e C x C x =++(123,,C C C 为任意常数)为通解的是( )()A 440y y y y ''''''+--=. ()B 440y y y y ''''''+++=. ()C 440y y y y ''''''--+=.()D 440y y y y ''''''-+-=.(4) 判断函数ln ()sin (0)1xf x x x x =>-间断点的情况( ) ()A 有1个可去间断点,1个跳跃间断点 ()B 有1个跳跃间断点,1个无穷间断点 ()C 有两个无穷间断点yC (0, f (a )) A (a , f (a ))y =f (x )O B (a ,0) xD()D 有两个跳跃间断点(5) 设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内单调有界,{}n x 为数列,下列命题正确的是( )()A 若{}n x 收敛,则{}()n f x 收敛. ()B 若{}n x 单调,则{}()n f x 收敛. ()C 若{}()n f x 收敛,则{}n x 收敛.()D 若{}()n f x 单调,则{}n x 收敛.(6) 设函数f 连续. 若()2222,uvD f x y F u v dxdy x y+=+⎰⎰,其中区域uv D 为图中阴影部分,则Fu∂=∂( ) ()A ()2vf u()B ()2vf u u()C ()vf u()D ()vf u u(7) 设A 为n 阶非零矩阵,E 为n 阶单位矩阵. 若3A O =,则( )()A E A -不可逆,E A +不可逆.()B E A -不可逆,E A +可逆. ()C E A -可逆,E A +可逆.()D E A -可逆,E A +不可逆.(8) 设1221A ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,则在实数域上与A 合同的矩阵为( )()A 2112-⎛⎫⎪-⎝⎭.()B 2112-⎛⎫⎪-⎝⎭.()C 2112⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭.()D 1221-⎛⎫⎪-⎝⎭.二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上. (9) ()f x 连续,21cos(sin )lim1(1)()x x x e f x →-=-,则(0)f =O xvx 2+y 2=u 2 x 2+y 2=1 D uvy(10) 微分方程2()0xy x e dx xdy -+-=的通解是y = (11) 曲线()()sin ln xy y x x +-=在点()0,1处的切线方程为 . (12) 求函数23()(5)f x x x =-的拐点______________. (13) 已知xyy z x ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭,则(1,2)_______z x ∂=∂. (14) 矩阵A 的特征值是,2,3λ,其中λ未知,且248A =-,则λ=_______.三、解答题:15-23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)(本题满分9分)求极限()40sin sin sin sin lim x x x x x →-⎡⎤⎣⎦.(16) (本题满分10分)设函数()y y x =由参数方程20()ln(1)t x x t y u du =⎧⎪⎨=+⎪⎩⎰确定,其中()x t 是初值问题 020|0xt dx te dtx -=⎧-=⎪⎨⎪=⎩的解. 求22d y dx .(17)(本题满分9分)计算2121dx x-⎰(18)(本题满分11分)计算{}max ,1,Dxy dxdy ⎰⎰其中{(,)02,02}D x y x y =≤≤≤≤(19)(本题满分11分)设()f x 是区间[0,)+∞上具有连续导数的单调增加函数,且(0)1f =. 对于任意的[0,)t ∈+∞,直线0,x x t ==,曲线()y f x =以及x 轴所围成曲边梯形绕x 轴旋转一周生成一旋转体. 若该旋转体的侧面面积在数值上等于其体积的2倍,求函数()f x 的表达式.(20)(本题满分11分)(I) 证明积分中值定理:若函数()f x 在闭区间[,]a b 上连续,则至少存在一点[,]a b η∈,使得()()()baf x dx f b a η=-⎰;(II) 若函数()x ϕ具有二阶导数,且满足,32(2)(1),(2)()x dx ϕϕϕϕ>>⎰,则至少存在一点(1,3)ξ∈,()0ϕξ''<使得.(21)(本题满分11分)求函数222u x y z =++在约束条件22z x y =+和4x y z ++=下的最大和最小值.(22)(本题满分12分)设n 元线性方程组Ax b =,其中2221212n n a a a A a a ⨯⎛⎫ ⎪⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭,12n x x x x ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,100b ⎛⎫⎪⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭(I) 证明行列式()1nA n a =+(II) 当a 为何值时,该方程组有唯一解,并求1x (III) 当a 为何值时,该方程组有无穷多解,并求通解(23)(本题满分10分)设A 为3阶矩阵,12,αα为A 的分别属于特征值1,1-的特征向量,向量3α满足323A ααα=+,(I) 证明123,,ααα线性无关; (II) 令()123,,P ααα=,求1P AP -2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题解析一、选择题 (1)【答案】D【详解】因为(0)(1)(2)0f f f ===,由罗尔定理知至少有1(0,1)ξ∈,2(1,2)ξ∈使12()()0f f ξξ''==,所以()f x '至少有两个零点. 由于()f x '是三次多项式,三次方程()0f x '=的实根不是三个就是一个,故D 正确.(2)【答案】C 【详解】00()()()()()()aa a aaxf x dx xdf x xf x f x dx af a f x dx '==-=-⎰⎰⎰⎰其中()af a 是矩形ABOC 面积,0()af x dx ⎰为曲边梯形ABOD 的面积,所以0()axf x dx '⎰为曲边三角形的面积.(3)【答案】D【详解】由微分方程的通解中含有xe 、cos2x 、sin 2x 知齐次线性方程所对应的特征方程有根1,2r r i ==±,所以特征方程为(1)(2)(2)0r r i r i --+=,即32440r r r -+-=. 故以已知函数为通解的微分方程是440y y y ''''''-+-=(4) 【答案】A【详解】0,1x x ==时()f x 无定义,故0,1x x ==是函数的间断点因为 000ln 11lim ()lim lim lim csc |1|csc cot x x x x x xf x x x x x++++→→→→=⋅=-- 200sin lim lim 0cos cos x x x xx x x++→→=-=-=同理 0lim ()0x f x -→= 又 1111ln 1lim ()lim lim sin lim sin1sin11x x x x x f x x x x ++++→→→→⎛⎫=⋅== ⎪-⎝⎭ 111ln lim ()lim lim sin sin11x x x xf x x x--+→→→=⋅=--所以 0x =是可去间断点,1x =是跳跃间断点.(5)【答案】B【详解】因为()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内单调有界,且{}n x 单调. 所以{()}n f x 单调且有界. 故{()}n f x 一定存在极限.(6)【答案】A【详解】用极坐标得 ()222()22211,()vu uf r r Df u v F u v dudv dv rdr v f r dr u v +===+⎰⎰⎰所以()2Fvf u u∂=∂(7) 【答案】C【详解】23()()E A E A A E A E -++=-=,23()()E A E A A E A E +-+=+= 故,E A E A -+均可逆.(8) 【答案】D【详解】记1221D -⎛⎫= ⎪-⎝⎭,则()2121421E D λλλλ--==---,又()2121421E A λλλλ---==----所以A 和D 有相同的特征多项式,所以A 和D 有相同的特征值.又A 和D 为同阶实对称矩阵,所以A 和D 相似.由于实对称矩阵相似必合同,故D 正确.二、填空题 (9)【答案】2【详解】222220001cos[()]2sin [()2]2sin [()2]()lim lim lim ()[()2]4(1)()x x x x xf x xf x xf x f x x f x xf x e f x →→→-⋅==⋅- 011lim ()(0)122x f x f →=== 所以 (0)2f =(10)【答案】()xx eC --+【详解】微分方程()20x y x e dx xdy -+-=可变形为x dy yxe dx x--= 所以 111()dx dx x x x x xy e xe e dx C x xe dx C x e C x ----⎡⎤⎛⎫⎰⎰=+=⋅+=-+⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎣⎦⎰⎰(11)【答案】1y x =+【详解】设(,)sin()ln()F x y xy y x x =+--,则1cos()11cos()x y y xy F dy y xdx F x xy y x--'-=-=-'+-, 将(0)1y =代入得01x dy dx==,所以切线方程为10y x -=-,即1y x =+(12)【答案】(1,6)-- 【详解】53235y xx =-⇒2311351010(2)333x y x x x -+'=-= ⇒134343101010(1)999x y x x x--+''=+= 1x =-时,0y ''=;0x =时,y ''不存在在1x =-左右近旁y ''异号,在0x =左右近旁0y ''>,且(1)6y -=- 故曲线的拐点为(1,6)--(13)【答案】2(ln 21)2- 【详解】设,y xu v x y==,则v z u = 所以121()ln v v z z u z v y vu u u x u x v x x y-∂∂∂∂∂=⋅+⋅=-+⋅∂∂∂∂∂ 2ln 11ln x yv vy u y y u ux y x y x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+=⋅-+ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭所以(1,2)2(ln 21)2z x ∂=-∂(14)【答案】-1【详解】||236A λλ =⨯⨯= 3|2|2||A A =32648λ∴⨯=- 1λ⇒=-三、解答题 (15)【详解】 方法一:4300[sin sin(sin )]sin sin sin(sin )limlim x x x x x x x x x→→--= 22220001sin cos cos(sin )cos 1cos(sin )12lim lim lim 3336x x x xx x x x x x x →→→--==== 方法二:331sin ()6x x x o x =-+ 331sin(sin )sin sin (sin )6x x x o x =-+4444400[sin sin(sin )]sin sin (sin )1lim lim 66x x x x xx o x x x x →→⎡⎤-∴ =+=⎢⎥⎣⎦(16)【详解】方法一:由20x dx te dt--=得2x e dx tdt =,积分并由条件0t x =得21x e t =+,即2ln(1)x t =+ 所以 2222ln(1)2(1)ln(1)21dydy t tdt t t dxt dx dt t +⋅===+++222222[(1)ln(1)]2ln(1)221dt t d y d dy t t tdt dx t dx dx dx dt t ++++⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭+ 22(1)[ln(1)1]t t =+++方法二:由20x dx te dt--=得2x e dx tdt =,积分并由条件0t x =得21x e t =+,即2ln(1)x t =+ 所以 2222ln(1)2(1)ln(1)21x dydy t tdt t t e x dxt dx dt t +⋅===++=+所以 22(1)x d ye x dx=+(17)【详解】 方法一:由于2211x x-→=+∞-,故2121dx x-⎰是反常积分.令arcsin x t =,有sin x t =,[0,2)t π∈221222220000sin cos 2cos sin ()cos 221t t t t t dx tdt t tdt dt t xπππ===--⎰⎰⎰⎰2222220001sin 21sin 2sin 2441644tt t td t tdt πππππ=-=-+⎰⎰ 222011cos 2168164t πππ=-=+ 方法二:2121dx x -⎰12201(arcsin )2x d x =⎰ 121122220001(arcsin )(arcsin )(arcsin )28x x x x dx x x dx π=-=-⎰⎰令arcsin x t =,有sin x t =,[0,2)t π∈12222200011(arcsin )sin 2cos 224x x dx t tdt t d t ππ==-⎰⎰⎰ 222200111(cos 2)cos 242164t t t tdt πππ=-+=-⎰故,原式21164π=+(18)【详解】 曲线1xy =将区域分成两 个区域1D 和23D D +,为了便于计算继续对 区域分割,最后为()max ,1Dxy dxdy ⎰⎰D 1123D D D xydxdy dxdy dxdy =++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰112222211102211x xdx dy dx dy dx xydy =++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰1512ln 2ln 24=++-19ln 24=+(19)【详解】旋转体的体积20()tV f x dx π=⎰,侧面积202()1()tS f x f x dx π'=+⎰,由题设条件知220()()1()ttf x dx f x f x dx '=+⎰⎰上式两端对t 求导得 22()()1()f t f t f t '=+ 即 21y y '=-由分离变量法解得 21ln(1)y y t C -=+, 即 21t y y Ce -=将(0)1y =代入知1C =,故21t y y e -=,1()2t t y e e -=+于是所求函数为 1()()2t t y f x e e -==+(20)【详解】(I) 设M 与m 是连续函数()f x 在[,]a b 上的最大值与最小值,即()m f x M ≤≤ [,]x a b ∈由定积分性质,有 ()()()bam b a f x dx M b a -≤≤-⎰,即 ()baf x dx m M b a≤≤-⎰由连续函数介值定理,至少存在一点[,]a b η∈,使得 ()()b af x dx f b aη=-⎰即()()()baf x dx f b a η=-⎰(II) 由(I)的结论可知至少存在一点[2,3]η∈,使 32()()(32)()x dx ϕϕηϕη=-=⎰又由 32(2)()()x dx ϕϕϕη>=⎰,知 23η<≤对()x ϕ在[1,2][2,]η上分别应用拉格朗日中值定理,并注意到(1)(2)ϕϕ<,()(2)ϕηϕ<得 1(2)(1)()021ϕϕϕξ-'=>- 112ξ<<2()(2)()02ϕηϕϕξη-'=<- 123ξη<<≤在12[,]ξξ上对导函数()x ϕ'应用拉格朗日中值定理,有2121()()()0ϕξϕξϕξξξ''-''=<- 12(,)(1,3)ξξξ∈⊂(21)【详解】方法一:作拉格朗日函数22222(,,,,)()(4)F x y z x y z x y z x y z λμλμ=++++-+++-令 2222022020040x y z F x x F y y F z F x y z F x y z λμλμλμλμ'=++=⎧⎪'=++=⎪⎪'=-+=⎨⎪'=+-=⎪'=++-=⎪⎩解方程组得111222(,,)(1,1,2),(,,)(2,2,8)x y z x y z ==-- 故所求的最大值为72,最小值为6.方法二:问题可转化为求2242242u x y x x y y =++++在224x y x y +++=条件下的最值 设44222222(,,)2(4)F x y u x y x y x y x y x y λλ==++++++++-令 323222442(12)0442(12)040x y F x xy x x F y x y y y F x y x y λλλ'⎧=++++=⎪'=++++=⎨⎪'=+++-=⎩解得1122(,)(1,1),(,)(2,2)x y x y ==--,代入22z x y =+,得122,8z z == 故所求的最大值为72,最小值为6.(22)【详解】(I)证法一:2222122212132101221221122a a a a a a aa aA r ar aaa a =-=121301240134(1)2(1)3231(1)0n n n a a a n a a n ar ar a n a nnn a n--+-=⋅⋅⋅=++ 证法二:记||n D A =,下面用数学归纳法证明(1)nn D n a =+.当1n =时,12D a =,结论成立. 当2n =时,2222132a D a aa==,结论成立.假设结论对小于n 的情况成立.将n D 按第1行展开得2212102121212n n a a a aD aD a a-=-21221222(1)(1)n n n n n aD a D ana a n a n a ---- =-=--=+故 ||(1)nA n a =+证法三:记||n D A =,将其按第一列展开得 2122n n n D aD a D --=-, 所以 211212()n n n n n n D aD aD a D a D aD ------=-=-222321()()n n n n a D aD a D aD a ---=-==-=即 12122()2n n n n n n n n D a aD a a a aD a a D ----=+=++=++2121(2)(1)n n n n n a a D n a a D --==-+=-+1(1)2(1)n n n n a a a n a -=-+⋅=+(II)因为方程组有唯一解,所以由Ax B =知0A ≠,又(1)n A n a =+,故0a ≠.由克莱姆法则,将n D 的第1列换成b ,得行列式为2221122(1)(1)112102*********n n n nn n a a a aa aa aD na a a a a --⨯-⨯-===所以 11(1)n n D nx D n a-==+ (III)方程组有无穷多解,由0A =,有0a =,则方程组为12101101001000n n x x x x -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪=⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭ 此时方程组系数矩阵的秩和增广矩阵的秩均为1n -,所以方程组有无穷多解,其通解为()()10000100,TTk k +为任意常数.(23)【详解】(I)证法一:假设123,,ααα线性相关.因为12,αα分别属于不同特征值的特征向量,故12,αα线性无关,则3α可由12,αα线性表出,不妨设31122l l ααα=+,其中12,l l 不全为零(若12,l l 同时为0,则3α为0,由323A ααα=+可知20α=,而特征向量都是非0向量,矛盾)11,A αα=-22A αα=∴32321122A l l αααααα=+=++,又311221122()A A l l l l ααααα=+=-+ ∴112221122l l l l ααααα-+=++,整理得:11220l αα+=则12,αα线性相关,矛盾. 所以,123,,ααα线性无关.证法二:设存在数123,,k k k ,使得1122330k k k ααα++= (1)用A 左乘(1)的两边并由11,A αα=-22A αα=得1123233()0k k k k ααα-+++= (2)(1)—(2)得 113220k k αα-= (3) 因为12,αα是A 的属于不同特征值的特征向量,所以12,αα线性无关,从而130k k ==,代入(1)得220k α=,又由于20α≠,所以20k =,故123,,ααα线性无关.(II) 记123(,,)P ααα=,则P 可逆,123123(,,)(,,)AP A A A A αααααα==1223(,,)αααα=-+123100(,,)011001ααα-⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭100011001P -⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以 1100011001P AP --⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学专业基础综合(代码311)真题及详解

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学专业基础综合(代码311)真题及详解
4.涂尔干说:“敃育是成年一代对社会生活尚未成熟癿年轻一代所实斲癿影响。其目 癿在二,使儿童癿身体、智力和道德状冴都得到激劥不发展,以适应整个政治社会在总体上 对儿童癿要求,幵适应儿童将来所处癿特定环境癿要求。”这种论断正确地挃出了( )。
A.敃育具有社会性 B.敃育是社会复制癿工具 C.敃育要促迚人癿个性化 D.儿童对成人斲加癿影响丌是敃育
7.丿务敃育癿基本内涵是:国家不社会有丿务确保全体适龄儿童接受法定年限癿学校 敃育、家长有丿务送适龄子女接受法定年限癿学校敃育和( )。
A.学校有丿务为适龄儿童提供公平癿敃育 B.适龄儿童有丿务接受法定年限癿学校敃育 C.公共机构有对适龄儿童廹放幵迚行敃育癿丿务 D.企亊业单位和个人丌得雇用学龄儿童
1 / 74
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

丿反映了人们在敃育学廸构中癿科学取向。因此,答案选 A。
2.某班敃师为了激发和保持学生癿学习劢机,廹展了一系列学习竞赛活劢。结果如敃 师所料,学生癿学习热情高涨,成绩明显提高。但没有想到癿是,学生乀间相于猜忌、隐瞒 学习资料等现象日趋严重。上述亊实表明,敃育( )。
A.既有正向显性功能,又有正向隐性功能 B.既有负向显性功能,又有负向隐性功能 C.既有正向隐性功能,又有负向隐性功能 D.既有正向显性功能,又有负向隐性功能
【考点】敃育癿功能 【答案】D 【解析】仍作用癿斱向上来看,敃育功能可分为正向功能和负向功能。正向敃育功能是 挃有劣二社会迚步和个体发展癿积极影响和作用;负向敃育功能是挃阻碍社会迚步和个体发 展癿消极影响和作用。仍作用癿呈现形廽看,敃育功能可分为显性功能和隐性功能。显性敃 育功能是挃依照敃育目癿,敃育在实际运行中所出现癿不乀相符合癿结果;隐性敃育功能是

【考研政治必推】2008年政治考研真题及参考答案

【考研政治必推】2008年政治考研真题及参考答案
5.马克思通过对资本主义生产中价值增值过程的分析,把雇佣工人的劳动时间分为
A.生产使用价值的时间和生产价值的时间
B.转移旧价值的时间和创造新价值的时间
C.生产生产资料价值的时间和生产剩余价值的时间
D.在生产劳动力价值的时间和生产剩余价值的时间
6.某块土地,地租为200万元,土地价格为4000万元。若银行存款利息率不变,该土地的地租增加到300万元时,银行存款利息率和土地价格分别是
20.随着科学技术和经济全球化的发展,人类的交往活动日益普遍和深化,交往作为人类特有的活动和存在方式,对社会发展具有越来越重要的作用。主要表现在
A.交往促进生产力的发展
B.交往推动社会关系的变革和改善
C.交往是科学文化传承和发展的重要途径
D.交往促进人自身的发展
21.同一劳动在同一时间内,当部门劳动生产率提高时会使
C.社会主义根本任务决定的
D.社会主义国家的发展战略决定的
13.为研究和完善国家法定节假日制度,国家有关部门按照国务院的部署,通过有关网站进行问卷调查,并在部分城市进行了电话调查。在广泛进行民意调查的基础上,经过一年多的研究论证,确定了新的节假日调整方案。这体现的执政理论是
A.依法执政B.科学执政
C.民主执政D.理性执政
A. 5%、9000万元B. 5%、6000万元
C. 6%、9000万元D. 6%、6000万元
7.在完善社会主义市场经济体制过程中,要加快建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系,其基本目标是
A.保障人民基本生活B.促进社会经济增长
C.实现充分就业D.使更多的劳动者拥有财产性收入
8.在孙中山的思想中,"平均地权"、"节制资本"属于
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试政治理论

2008年考研数学二真题答案解析

2008年考研数学二真题答案解析

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题解析一、选择题 (1)【答案】D【详解】因为(0)(1)(2)0f f f ===,由罗尔定理知至少有1(0,1)x Î,21(1,2),2)x Î使12()()0f f x x ¢¢==,所以()f x ¢至少有两个零点. 又()f x ¢中含有因子x ,故0x =也是()f x ¢的零点,的零点, D 正确. 本题的难度值为0.719. (2)【答案】C【详解】000()()()()()()aaaaa xf x dx xdf x xf x f x dx af a f x dx ¢==-=-òòòò其中()af a 是矩形ABOC 面积,0()a f x dx ò为曲边梯形ABOD 的面积,所以0()a xf x dx ¢ò为曲边三角形的面积.曲边三角形的面积. 本题的难度值为0.829. (3)【答案】D【详解】由微分方程的通解中含有xe 、cos 2x 、sin 2x 知齐次线性方程所对应的特征方程有根1,2r r i ==±,所以特征方程为(1)(2)(2)0r r i r i --+=,即32440r r r -+-=. 故以已知函数为通解的微分方程是40y y y ¢¢¢¢¢¢-+-= 本题的难度值为0.832. (4) 【答案】A【详解】0,1x x ==时()f x 无定义,故0,1x x ==是函数的间断点是函数的间断点 因为因为 0000ln11lim ()limlimlim csc |1|csc cot x x x x x x f x xx x x++++®®®®=×=--20sin lim lim 0cos cos x x x xx xx++®®=-=-= 同理同理 0lim ()0x f x -®= 又 1111ln 1lim ()lim lim sin lim sin1sin11x x x x x f x x x x ++++®®®®æö=×==ç÷-èø所以所以 0x =是可去间断点,1x =是跳跃间断点. 本题的难度值为0.486. (5)【答案】B【详解】因为()f x 在(,)-¥+¥内单调有界,且{}nx 单调. 所以{()}nf x 单调且有界. 故{()}nf x 一定存在极限. 本题的难度值为0.537. (6)【答案】A【详解】用极坐标得【详解】用极坐标得 ()()222()22211,()vuuf r rDf u v F u v dudv dvrdr vf r dr u v +===+òòòòò所以所以 ()2F vf u u ¶=¶本题的难度值为0.638. (7) 【答案】C【详解】23()()E A E A A E A E -++=-=,23()()E A E A A E A E +-+=+= 故,E A E A -+均可逆.均可逆. 本题的难度值为0.663. (8) 【答案】D【详解】记1221D -æö=ç÷-èø, 则()2121421E D l l l l --==---,又()2121421E A l l l l ---==----所以A 和D 有相同的特征多项式,所以A 和D 有相同的特征值. 又A 和D 为同阶实对称矩阵,所以A 和D 相似.由于实对称矩阵相似必合同,故D 正确. 本题的难度值为0.759. 二、填空题 (9)【答案】2 【详解】222220001cos[()]2sin [()2]2sin [()2]()lim lim lim ()[()2]4(1)()x x x x xf x xf x xf x f x x f x xf x e f x ®®®-×==×- 011lim ()(0)122x f x f ®=== 所以所以 (0)2f = 本题的难度值为0.828. (10)【答案】()xx eC --+【详解】微分方程()20xy x e dx xdy -+-=可变形为xdy y xe dx x--=所以所以 111()dx dx x x x x x y e xe e dx C x xe dx C x e C x ----éùæöòò=+=×+=-+êúç÷èøëûòò本题的难度值为0.617. (11)【答案】1y x =+【详解】设(,)sin()ln()F x y xy y x x =+--,则1cos()11cos()x y y xy F dy y xdx F x xy y x--¢-=-=-¢+-,将(0)1y =代入得01x dydx==,所以切线方程为10y x -=-,即1y x =+本题的难度值为0.759. (12)【答案】(1,6)--【详解】53235y xx=-Þ23131351010(2)333x y x x x -+¢=-= Þ134343101010(1)999x y xx x --+¢¢=+= 1x =-时,0y ¢¢=;0x =时,y ¢¢不存在不存在在1x =-左右近旁y ¢¢异号,在0x =左右近旁0y ¢¢>,且(1)6y -=- 故曲线的拐点为(1,6)-- 本题的难度值为0.501. (13)【答案】2(ln 21)2- 【详解】设,y xu v x y==,则v z u = 所以所以121()ln v v z z u z vy vu u u x u x v xx y -¶¶¶¶¶=×+×=-+׶¶¶¶¶ 2ln 11ln x y vvy u y y u uxy x y x æöæöæö=-+=×-+ç÷ç÷ç÷èøèøèø所以所以 (1,2)2(ln 21)2zx ¶=-¶本题的难度值为0.575. (14)【答案】-1 【详解】||236A l l =´´= 3|2|2||A A =32648l \ ´=- 1l Þ=- 本题的难度值为0.839. 三、解答题 (15)【详解】【详解】 方法一:43[sin sin(sin )]sin sin sin(sin )limlim x xx x xx x x x ®®--=22220001sin cos cos(sin )cos 1cos(sin )12lim lim lim 3336x x x xx x x x x x x ®®®--==== 方法二:331sin ()6x x x o x =-+ 331sin(sin )sin sin (sin )6x x x o x =-+4444400[sin sin(sin )]sin sin (sin )1lim lim 66x x x x x x o x x x x ®®éù-\ =+=êúëû 本题的难度值为0.823. (16)【详解】【详解】方法一:由20x dx te dt--=得2x e dx tdt =,积分并由条件0t x =得21x e t =+,即2l n (1)x t =+所以所以 2222ln(1)2(1)ln(1)21dydy t tdt t t dx t dxdt t +×===+++ 222222[(1)ln(1)]2ln(1)221d t t d y d dy t t t dtdx t dx dx dx dt t ++++æö===ç÷èø+22(1)[ln(1)1]t t =+++方法二:由20x dxte dt --=得2x e dx tdt =,积分并由条件0t x =得21x e t =+,即2l n (1)x t =+所以所以 2222ln(1)2(1)ln(1)21xdydy t t dt t t e x dx t dxdt t +×===++=+ 所以所以22(1)xd ye x dx =+本题的难度值为0.742. (17)【详解】【详解】 方法一:由于221arcsin lim 1x x x x-®=+¥-,故212arcsin 1x x dx x-ò是反常积分. 2)1dx tx ppp-22200sin 244tt t p p 2ppp21dx x -20pp p 221x xòòòD 1D 3 D 2(19)【详解】旋转体的体积2()t V f x dx p =ò,侧面积202()1()tS f x f x dx p ¢=+ò,由题设条件知设条件知220()()1()ttf x dx f x f x dx ¢=+òò上式两端对t 求导得求导得 22()()1()f t f t f t ¢=+, 即 21y y ¢=- 由分离变量法解得由分离变量法解得 21l n (1)y y t C +-=+, 即 21t y y C e +-=将(0)1y =代入知1C =,故21t y y e +-=,1()2t t ye e -=+于是所求函数为于是所求函数为 1()()2xxy f x ee -==+本题的难度值为0.497. (20)【详解】(I) 设M 与m 是连续函数()f x 在[,]a b 上的最大值与最小值,即上的最大值与最小值,即()m f x M ££ [,]x a b Î由定积分性质,有由定积分性质,有 ()()()bam b a f x dx M b a -££-ò,即,即 ()baf x dx m M b a££-ò由连续函数介值定理,至少存在一点[,]a b h Î,使得,使得 ()()b af x dx f b ah =-ò即()()()baf x dx f b a h =-ò(II) 由(I)的结论可知至少存在一点[2,3]h Î,使,使 32()()(32)()x dx j j h j h =-=ò又由又由 32(2)()()x d x j j j h>=ò,知,知 23h <£ 对()x j 在[1,2][2,]h 上分别应用拉格朗日中值定理,并注意到(1)(2)j j <,()(2)j h j <得1(2)(1)()021jjj x -¢=>- 112x <<2()(2)()02j h j j x h -¢=<- 123x h <<£在12[,]x x 上对导函数()x j ¢应用拉格朗日中值定理,有应用拉格朗日中值定理,有2121()()()0j x j x j x x x ¢¢-¢¢=<- 12(,)1(1,3),3)x x x ÎÌ 本题的难度值为0.719. (21)【详解】【详解】方法一:作拉格朗日函数22222(,,,,)()(4)F x y z x y z x y z x y z l m l m =++++-+++-令 2222022020040x y z F x x F y y F z F x y z F x y z l ml m l m l m ¢=++=ì¢=++=ïï¢=-+=íï¢=+-=ï¢=++-=ïî解方程组得111222(,,)1(1,1,1,1,2),(,2),(,,)(2,2,8)x y z x y z ==-- 故所求的最大值为72,最小值为6. 方法二:问题可转化为求2242242u x y x x y y =++++在224x y x y +++=条件下的最值条件下的最值设44222222(,,)2(4)F x y u x y x y x y x y x y l l ==++++++++-令 323222442(12)0442(12)040x y F x xy x x F y x y y y F x y x y ll l ¢ì=++++=ï¢=++++=íï¢=+++-=î 解得1122(,)1(1,1,1,1),(),(,)(2,2)x y x y ==--,代入22z x y =+,得122,8z z == 故所求的最大值为72,最小值为6. 本题的难度值为0.486. (22)【详解】(I)证法一:222212221213211221221122a a a a a a aa aA r ar aaa a =-=121301240134(1)2(1)3231(1)0nn n a a a n a a n a r ar a n a nnn a n--+-=×××=++证法二:记||nDA =,下面用数学归纳法证明(1)n n D n a =+.当1n =时,12D a =,结论成立.,结论成立. 当2n =时,2222132a D a a a==,结论成立.,结论成立. 假设结论对小于n 的情况成立.将n D 按第1行展开得行展开得2212102121212n n a a a a D aD a a-=-21221222(1)(1)n n nn n aD a D ana a n a n a ---- =-=--=+故 ||(1)n A n a =+证法三:记||nD A =,将其按第一列展开得,将其按第一列展开得 2122n n n D aD a D --=-, 所以所以 2211212()n n n n n n D aD aD a D a D aD ------=-=-222321()()n n n n a D aD a D aD a ---=-==-=即 12122()2n n n n n n n n D a aD a a a aD a a D ----=+=++=++2121(2)(1)n n n n n a a D n a a D --==-+=-+ 1(1)2(1)n nn n a a a n a -=-+×=+(II)因为方程组有唯一解,所以由Ax B =知0A ¹,又(1)nA n a =+,故0a ¹. 由克莱姆法则,将n D 的第1列换成b ,得行列式为,得行列式为2221122(1)(1)112102121221122n n n nn n a a a aa aa aD naa a a a --´-´-===所以所以 11(1)n nD nxD n a-==+ (III)方程组有无穷多解,由0A =,有0a =,则方程组为,则方程组为12101101001000n n x x x x -æöæöæöç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷=ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷èøèøèø 此时方程组系数矩阵的秩和增广矩阵的秩均为1n -,所以方程组有无穷多解,其通解为,所以方程组有无穷多解,其通解为()()10000100,TTk k +为任意常数.为任意常数.本题的难度值为0.270. (23)【详解】(I) 证法一:假设123,,a a a 线性相关.因为12,a a 分别属于不同特征值的特征向量,故12,a a 线性无关,则3a 可由12,a a 线性表出,不妨设31122l l a a a =+,其中12,l l 不全为零(若12,l l 同时为0,则3a 为0,由323A a a a =+可知20a =,而特征向量都是非0向量,矛盾) 11,A a a =-22A a a =\32321122A l l a a a a a a =+=++,又311221122()A A l l l l a a a a a =+=-+ \112221122l l l l a a a a a -+=++,整理得:11220l a a +=则12,a a 线性相关,矛盾. 所以,123,,a a a 线性无关. 证法二:设存在数123,,k k k ,使得1122330k k k a a a ++= (1) 用A 左乘(1)的两边并由11,A a a =-22A a a =得1123233()0k k k k a a a -+++= (2) (1)—(2)得 113220k k a a -= (3) 因为12,a a 是A 的属于不同特征值的特征向量,所以12,a a 线性无关,从而130k k ==,代入(1)得220k a =,又由于20a ¹,所以20k =,故123,,a a a 线性无关. (II) 记123(,,)P a a a =,则P 可逆,可逆,123123(,,)(,,)AP A A A A a a a a a a ==1223(,,)a a a a =-+123100(,,)01101a a a -æöç÷=ç÷ç÷èø10001101P -æöç÷=ç÷ç÷èø所以所以 1100011001P AP --æöç÷=ç÷ç÷èø. 本题的难度值为0.272. 。

硕士研究生入学统一考试历史学试题及解析

硕士研究生入学统一考试历史学试题及解析

中国历史的长度没有统一定论,因为根据不同的计算方法、有着不同的长度。

从中国第一次建立大一统中央集权制帝国的秦朝开始算起约有2200年;从中国第一次使用文字、并成为信史的商朝算起约有3500年;自拥有二重证据法证明的夏朝算起约有4200年;从孔子所说的、有着三皇五帝的传说时代算起约有4600年;从盘古、上帝、女娲等目前还不确定的神话时代算起约有5000年(这也是在一般中国人的认知中、中国历史传统意义上的长度);从标志着人类文明萌芽的新石器时代彭头山文化算起约有9500年;而从人类开始脱离原始生活的旧石器时代蓝田猿人文化算起约有80万年的历史。

同时也有历史学者认为,在人类文明史中,“历史时代”的定义是指从有文字发明时起算,在那之前则称为“史前时代”;历史中传说伏羲做八卦,黄帝时代仓颉造文字;近代考古发现3350多年前(前1350年)商朝的甲骨文、约3000年前至4000年前的陶文、约4000年前至5000年前具有文字性质的龟骨契刻符号。

从政治和社会形态区分中国历史,据考古资料显示,约在早于距今6000年前的裴李岗文化晚期或者仰韶文化早期时代,中原地区从母系氏族社会过渡到氏族。

同时,原始社会平等被打破。

而据有文字记载的历史,商朝已经开始君王世袭,周朝建立完备的礼制,至东周逐渐解构,秦朝统一各国政治和许多民间分歧的文字和丈量制度,并建立中央集权政治。

自汉朝起则以文官主治国家直至清朝。

清末以降,民主政治、马克思主义等各种政治思潮流传,先是革命党推翻帝制于1912年成立中华民国。

1949年,中国共产党又在中国大陆建立中华人民共和国,而中国国民党主政的中华民国政府在国共内战失败而退守台湾。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试历史学基础试卷一单项选择题:1--20小题,每小题2分,共40分。

下列媒体给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

1、在铭文中明确记载周武王伐商这一重大历史事件的青铜器是A 毛公鼎B 何尊 C散氏盘 D利簋2、为《三国志》作注的学者是A 颜师古B 裴松之C 陆法言D 刘孝标3、最终结束十六国割据局面的北魏皇帝是A 道武帝B 明元帝C 太武帝 D孝文帝4、中国现存最早的官修农书是A 《农书》B 《农政全书》C 《农桑楫要》D 《农桑衣食撮要》5、明末清初来华的西方传教士中,参与编纂《崇祯历书》的是()A 汤若望B 南怀仁C 张诚D 白晋6、洋务运动初期,清政府设北洋大臣专管北方三口通商事务,三口是指()A 天津牛庄登州B 牛庄登州烟台C 天津登州烟台D 天津烟台牛庄7、甲午战争后三国干涉还辽事件中的三个国家是指()A 英美法B 俄法德C 英法德D 英俄德8、孙中山正式确定“中国国民党” 党名的时间是()A 1912年8月B 1914年7月C 1919年10月D 1924年1月9、1923年中国知识界发生的一次著名论战是()A 问题与主义论战B 科学与人生观论战C 中国社会性质问题论战D 民主与独裁论战10、中国政府首次提出“和平共处五项原则”是在()A 1950年中苏签订友好互助同盟条约谈判期间B 1953年中印就两国在中国西藏地区的关系问题谈判期间C 1954年日内瓦会议期间D 1955年亚非会议期间11、在《圣经·旧约》的记载中带领以色列人走出埃及、回到迦南的领袖是()A 亚伯拉罕B 摩西C 大卫D 所罗门12、在中国古代史书中,罗马被称为()A 大秦B 大夏C 大食D 安息13、拜占廷废除军区制,改行“普罗尼亚” (监领地)制是在哪个王朝统治时期()A 希拉克略王朝B 巴列奥略王朝C 伊苏里亚王朝D 科穆宁王朝14、反映俄罗斯早期历史的编年史是()A 《往年记事》B 《伊戈尔公远征记》C 《征服地志》D 《关于强大君主的记实》15、胡斯战争中代表下层民众的政治派别是()A 塔波尔派B 阿拉比派C 保罗派D 圣杯派16、地理大发现后,影响亚欧大陆居民生活的美洲农产品有()A 花生亚麻玉M等B 西红柿玉M 胡椒等C 花生马铃薯胡椒等D 马铃薯西红柿玉M等17、在第二次科技革命中,导致汽车工业和石油工业兴起的发明是()A 蒸汽机B 电动机C 汽轮机D 内燃机18、19世纪90年代,英国军队在镇压苏丹马赫迪起义,时使用的新式武器是()A 来复枪B 马克沁机枪C 芥子毒气D 加农炮19、下列国家和地区中,参加过第二次巴尔干战争的是()A 保加利亚B 克罗地亚C 黑塞哥维纳D 阿尔巴尼亚20、1930年,印度非暴力不合作运动的突破口是()A “独立日”B 乔里乔拉村事件C 解救贱民工作D 食盐长征二、名词解释:21~28小题,每小题lO分,共80分。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合试题一、A型题:1~90小题,每小题1.5分;91~120小题,每小题2分:共195分。

在每小题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中,请选出一项最符合题目要求的答案。

1.从控制论的观点看,对维持内环境的稳态具有重要作用的调控机制是A.非自动控制B.负反馈控制C.正反馈控制D.前馈控制2.神经细胞在兴奋过程中,Na 内流和K 外流的量取决于A.各自平衡电位B.细胞的阈电位C.钠泵活动程度D.所给刺激强度3.能使骨骼肌发生完全强直收缩的刺激条件是A.足够强度的单个阈刺激B.足够持续时间的单个阈刺激C.间隔小于收缩期的一串阈刺激D.间隔大于收缩期的一串阈刺激4.调节红细胞生成的特异性体液因子是A.CSFB.GHC.IGFD.EPO5.实验中常用枸橼酸钠抗凝血,其机制是A.抑制凝血酶的活性B.加强抗凝血酶Ⅲ的作用C.防止血小板激活D.螯合血浆中的Ca26.高血压患者较正常人明显增高的心泵功能指标是A.心输出量B.射血分数C.心指数D.心脏做功量7.在微循环中,主要受局部代谢产物调节的结构是A.微动脉B.直捷通路C.毛细血管前括约肌D.真毛细血管8.下列选项中,能使肺的静态顺应性降低的因素是A.肺气肿B.肺表面活性物质缺乏C.气道阻力增加D.惯性阻力增加9.可缓冲呼吸过程中肺泡气PO2和PCO2变化幅度的肺容量是A.深吸气量B.功能残气量C.肺活量D.用力呼气量10.动脉血中H 浓度升高引起呼吸运动加强的感受器是A.中枢化学敏感区B.包钦格复合体C.颈动脉窦和主动脉弓D.颈动脉体和主动脉体11.能促使胃蛋白酶原转变为胃蛋白酶的物质是A.盐酸B.前列腺素E2C.丙谷胺D.内因子12.当胰液缺乏而其他消化液分泌正常时,可引起A.血糖降低B.脂肪泻C.胰腺炎D.恶性贫血13.当小肠被食糜充盈时,小肠反复进行分节运动,其主要作用是A.充分混合食糜和消化液B.将食糜不断向前推进C.刺激胃肠激素的释放D.促进消化液继续分泌14.特殊动力效应最为显著的食物是A.糖类B.脂肪C.蛋白质D.无机盐15.在肾小球滤过中阻碍带电荷的蛋白质通过滤过膜最主要的结构是A.肾小球毛细血管内皮B.毛细血管内皮下基膜C.肾小囊脏层足细胞D.足细胞足突间裂隙膜16.肾脏近端小管对小管液中有用成分重吸收的特点是A.重吸收的物质种类少B.各种物质的重吸收量少C.受神经和体液因素调节D.小管液与上皮细胞内液保持等渗17.饮大量清水后尿量增多的最主要原因是A.肾血流量增加B.肾小球滤过率增加C.血浆胶体渗透压降低D.抗利尿激素分泌减少18.与视锥细胞相比,视杆细胞的特点是A.数量少B.对光敏感度高C.能产生色觉D.分辨能力强19.下列选项中,符合非特异性感觉投射系统功能的是A.产生某种特定的感觉B.维持和改变大脑皮质的兴奋状态C.激发大脑皮质发出传出冲动D.参与形成躯体平衡感觉20.切除动物前庭小脑后,动物将表现为A.站立不稳B.四肢乏力C.运动不协调D.静止性震颤21.寒冷刺激可引起下丘脑促垂体区释放A.CRHB.TRHC.GnRHD.GHIH22.影响甲状旁腺分泌最重要的因素是A.血钙浓度B.血磷浓度C.血碘浓度D.血钾浓度23.机体受到刺激而发生应激反应的系统是A.下丘脑-腺垂体-肾上腺皮质系统.B.下丘脑-神经垂体系统C.交感-肾上腺髓质系统D.迷走-胰岛素系统24.下列关于雌激素生理作用的叙述,正确的是A.抑制输卵管运动B.促进子宫内膜腺体增生和分泌C.促进阴道上皮细胞增生和角化D.促进乳腺发育并引起泌乳25.下列氨基酸中,属于酸性氨基酸的是A.精氨酸B.甘氨酸C.亮氨酸D.天冬氨酸26.下列RNA中,参与形成原核生物50S大亚基的是A.28SrRNAB.23SrRNAC.16SrRNAD.hnRNA27.下列关于酶的Km值的叙述,正确的是A.是反应速度达到最大速度时的底物浓度B.不能反映酶对底物的亲和力C.对有多个底物的酶,其Km值相同D.对同一底物,不同的酶有不同的Km值28.三羧酸循环中发生底物水平磷酸化的反应是A.柠檬酸→异柠檬酸B.异柠檬酸→α-酮戊二酸C.α-酮戊二酸→琥珀酰辅酶AD.琥珀酰辅酶A→琥珀酸29.下列酶中,与丙酮酸生成糖无关的是A.丙酮酸激酶B.丙酮酸羧化酶C.果糖双磷酸酶-1D.葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶30.如果食物中长期缺乏植物油,将导致人体内减少的物质是A.软油酸B.油酸C.花生四烯酸D.胆固醇31.下列脂蛋白形成障碍与脂肪肝的形成密切相关的是A.CMB.VLDLC.LDLD.HDL32.胞质NADH经α-磷酸甘油穿梭后氧化磷酸化产生的ATP数是A.1B.2C.3D.433.脑中氨的主要解毒方式是生成A.尿素B.丙氨酸C.谷氨酰胺D.天冬酰胺34.下列核苷酸可直接转变成dTMP的是A.dUMPB.dUDPC.dCMPD.dCDP35.下列复制起始相关蛋白质中,具有合成RNA引物作用的是A.DnaAB.DnaBC.DnaCD.DnaG36.下列RNA中,参与形成小分子核糖核蛋白体的是A.hnRNAB.mRNAC.snRNAD.tRNA37.下列氨基酸中,无相应遗传密码的是A.异亮氨酸B.天冬酰胺C.脯氨酸D.羟赖氨酸38.下列关于真核基因结构特点的叙述,错误的是A.基因不连续B.基因组结构庞大C.含大量重复序列D.转录产物为多顺反子39.变构调节和化学修饰调节的共同特点是A.引起酶蛋白构象变化B.酶蛋白发生共价修饰C.属于快速调节方式D.有放大效应40.下列血浆蛋白中,具有运输胆红素的是A.白蛋白B.α1球蛋白C.以球蛋白D.β球蛋白41.下列肝细胞的病理改变中,属于凋亡的是A.脂肪空泡形成B.嗜酸性小体形成C.Mallory小体形成D.病毒包涵体形成42.下列子宫内膜癌的病理类型中,与化生密切相关的是A.子宫内膜样腺癌B.浆液性腺癌C.透明细胞癌D.鳞状细胞癌43.透明血栓的主要成分是A.纤维蛋白B.血小板C.红细胞D.中性粒细胞44.下列病变中,属于非感染性肉芽肿的是A.树胶样肿B.伤寒小结C.风湿小结D.结核结节45.下列病变中,属于真性肿瘤的是A.动脉瘤B.Bowen病C.迷离瘤D.错构瘤46.超急性排斥反应时,血管病变的特点是A.血管壁纤维素样坏死B.血管周围纤维组织增生C.血管壁玻璃样变性D.血管内膜纤维化47.Libman-Sacks血栓性心内膜炎常发生于A.休克B.败血症C.癌症晚期D.系统性红斑狼疮48.肉眼类型多为弥漫型的肺癌是A.鳞状细胞癌B.小细胞癌C.中分化腺癌D.细支气管-肺泡细胞癌49.下列病变中,与大肠癌的发生关系不密切的是A.增生性息肉B.腺瘤性息肉C.家族性腺瘤性息肉病D.溃疡性结肠炎50.膜性肾小球肾炎电镜下的特征性病变是A.系膜区低密度电子致密物沉积B.基膜外侧驼峰样电子致密物沉积C.上皮下电子致密物与基膜样物质形成钉突结构D.基膜内皮侧、致密层和系膜区电子致密物沉积51.下列关于绒毛膜癌病理变化的叙述,错误的是A.大片出血B.滋养层细胞增生C.可见胎盘绒毛D.组织坏死52.起源于T细胞的淋巴瘤是A.套细胞淋巴瘤B.Burkitt淋巴瘤C.蕈样霉菌病D.滤泡性淋巴瘤53.下列选项中,属于开放型肺结核病的是A.局灶性肺结核病B.慢性纤维空洞性肺结核病C.浸润性肺结核病D.结核球54.以肉芽肿病变为特点的心肌炎是A.特发性巨细胞性心肌炎B.细菌性心肌炎C.病毒性心肌炎D.弓形虫性心肌炎55.乳腺髓样癌的病理组织学特点是A.癌组织中大量腺体形成B.癌巢小而少,大量纤维组织增生C.大片癌细胞巢伴淋巴细胞浸润D.大量黏液形成,其中漂浮癌细胞团56.恶性程度最高的甲状腺肿瘤是A.滤泡癌B.乳头状癌C.未分化癌D.髓样癌57.患者,男,45岁。

4小时前感上腹部胀痛伴恶心,呕吐一次为胃内容物,l 小时以来右侧腹痛,有便意但未能排便,疑似急性阑尾炎。

下列体征中,对确诊最有价值的是A.体温37.8℃B.McBurney点压痛C.腰大肌征阳性D.Rovsing征阳性58.下列临床表现中,与肝硬化患者体内雌激素增加无关的是A.蜘蛛痣B.男性乳腺发育C.毛细血管扩张D.贫血貌59.下列疾患中,一般不会出现肺动脉瓣区第二心音反常分裂的是A.先天性心脏病房间隔缺损B.急性广泛前壁心肌梗死C.完全性左束支传导阻滞D.主动脉瓣狭窄60.下列呼吸困难类型中,最可能是由左心功能衰竭所致的是A.劳力性呼吸困难B.吸气性呼吸困难C.呼气性呼吸困难D.夜间阵发性呼吸困难61.患者,男,50岁。

2个月前,因急性前壁心肌梗死入院,经行左前降支内药物支架植入后,住院7天出院。

此后患者无任何症状,服用药物1个月后自行停用。

2小时前在睡眠中再次发生剧烈胸痛,ECG证实为急性前壁再发心肌梗死。

该患者本次再梗的最可能原因是A.冠状动脉内新病变形成B.支架内再狭窄形成C.支架内血栓形成D.冠状动脉痉挛62.患者,男,52岁。

患扩张型心肌病16年,呼吸困难、活动受限、下肢水肿4年,来院检查。

查体:血压90/60mmHg,心率96次/分,心律整,双肺底多数湿啰音,左心室舒张末内径69mm,LVEF31%,尿蛋白微量,肾小球滤过率25ml /min。

此时对患者进行治疗,最合适的药物是A.卡托普利呋塞米美托洛尔B.卡托普利氢氯噻嗪硝酸酯C.氯沙坦钾呋塞米螺内酯D.氯沙坦钾美托洛尔硝酸酯63.下列选项中,不属于我国COPD发病的常见危险因素是A.吸烟及大气污染B.职业性粉尘暴露C.儿童时期下呼吸道感染D.先天性αl抗胰蛋白酶缺乏64.患者,男,45岁。

吸烟20年,有喘息、咳嗽症状,普通胸片未发现明显异常,支气管舒张试验阳性。

最可能的诊断是A.心源性哮喘B.支气管哮喘C.嗜酸细胞性肺炎D.COPD65.患者,男,37岁。

受凉后出现高热2天,体温达39~40℃,伴有头痛、寒战、咳嗽、咳血痰,恶心伴呕吐3次。

查体:急性病容,神清,皮肤和黏膜可见散在出血点,口角可见单纯性疱疹,颈有抵抗,右下肺叩浊,可闻及支气管呼吸音和湿啰音。

双侧病理反射未引出。

该患者最可能的疾病是A.干酪性肺炎B.金葡菌肺炎C.念珠菌肺炎D.肺炎球菌肺炎66.下列选项中,不支持有活动性消化道出血的临床表现是A.贫血B.肠鸣音减弱C.白细胞增高D.血尿素氮增高67.下列符合中度有机磷中毒时的胆碱酯酶活力是A.35%B.25%C.15%D.10%68.患者,男,40岁。

6小时前大量饮酒后出现持续性上腹疼痛,阵发性加重,向腰背部放射,弯腰抱膝位可减轻。

查体:上腹有压痛,轻度肌紧张。

最不可能出现的实验室检查结果是A.血清淀粉酶明显升高B.腹水淀粉酶明显升高C.血糖升高D.血钙降低69.下列选项中,属于肾分泌的非血管活性激素是A.红细胞生成素B.肾素C.前列腺素D.激肽类70.下列选项中,支持肾缺血性急性肾衰竭的实验室检查指标是A.尿渗透压>500mmol/LB.尿钠浓度>20mmol/LC.尿比重>1.018D.血尿素氮/血肌酐>2071.溶血性贫血患者进行外周血检查时,一般见不到的细胞是A.靶形红细胞B.晚幼红细胞C.破碎红细胞D.泪滴样红细胞72.患者,男,41岁。

相关文档
最新文档