2016年MPA英语真题
2016年管理类联考综合、英语二真题及答案
2016年管理类联考英语（二）试卷Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark [A]，［B］, ［C］or ［D] on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Happy people work differently. They’re more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks。
And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too。
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper。
2 , firms in happy places spend more on R＆D ( research and development ）. That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk—taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。
So they compared U。
S。
cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough，firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 。
2016年考研英语真题及解析
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia，the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations，or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days， 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [ D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that”incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing itschance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could beinfluenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks – isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online – only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge atthe Times? ”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital – only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. (49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)1、【答案】[B] as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，“择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____女方的亲朋好友”显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有B选项as well as 表示并列关系。
2016年MPAcc管理类联考英语完形真题及解析
2016年MPAcc管理类联考英语完形真题及解析2016年考研英语考试应经结束了，跨考小编为各位考生整理了2016年MPAcc管理类联考英语完形真题及解析，请参考！Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with –or even looking at –a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to the phones, even without a __1__ on a subway.It’s a sad reality –our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings –because there’s __2__ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, __3__ into your phone. This universal protection sends the __4__:”Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide __5__ our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be __6__ as “weird.”We fear we’ll be __7__. We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently__8__to us, so we are more likely to feel__9__when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we_ 10_ to our phones.”Phones become our security blanket,”Wortmann says.”They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more __11___”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t ___12___so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a __13___. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow __14___.”When Dr. Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to __15___how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their __16___ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,”The New York Timessummarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they __17__with the experiment,”not a single person reported having been embarrassed”__18__, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, ___19___human beings thrive off of social connections. It’s that ___20___: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A]signal [B]permit [C]ticket [D]record2. [A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much3. [A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4. [A]sign [B]code [C]notice [D]message5. [A]under [B]behind [C]beyond [D]from6. [A]misapplied [B]mismatched [C]misadjusted [D]misinterpreted7. [A]replaced [B]fired [C]judged [D]delayed8. [A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9. [A]comfortable [B]confident [C]anxious [D]angry10. [A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11. [A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12. [A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay13. [A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14. [A]passengers [B]employees [C]researchers [D]trainees15. [A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16. [A]voyage [B]ride [C]walk [D]flight17. [A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up18. [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In particular [D]In consequence19. [A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20. [A]funny [B]logical [C]simple [D]rare参考答案及解析：1.【答案】A signal【解析】名词辨析。
2016管理类联考英语真题(含答案)
Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, panies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer —term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk —taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest —like size, industry, and sales —and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer —term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1.[A]why [B]where [C]how [D]when2.[A]In return [B]In particular [C]In contrast [D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient [B]famous [C]perfect [D]necessary4.[A]individualism [B]modernism [C]optimism [D]realism5.[A]echo [B]miss [C]spoil [D]change6.[A]imagined [B]measured [C]invented [D]assumed7.[A]Sure [B]Odd [C]Unfortunate [D]Often8.[A]advertised [B]divided [C]overtaxed [D]headquartered9.[A]explain [B]overstate [C]summarize [D]emphasize 10.[A]stages [B]factors [C]levels [D]methods 11.[A]desirable [B]sociable [C]reputable [D]reliable 12.[A]resumed [B]held [C]emerged [D]broke 13.[A]attribute [B]assign [C]transfer [D]compare 14.[A]serious [B]civilized [C]ambitious [D]experienced 15.[A]thus [B]instead [C]also [D]never 16.[A]rapidly [B]regularly [C]directly [D]equally 17.[A]After [B]Until[C]While [D]Since2016年管理类专业学位全国联考英语（二）试卷18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]pray for[B]lean towards[C]give away[D]send outSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It’s true that high—school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Camegie Mellon’s school of computer science.However,Cortina said,every exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps,or create artwork or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite—sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less—experienced or –determined students away.The Flatiron school,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding boot-camps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high—schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons towards things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructors.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The student in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming Languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a program and organize the results—apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Caroline.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computer thinks,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to______.[A]compete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high—schoolers,Flatiron has considered their______.[A]experience[B]academic backgrounds[C]career prospects[D]Interest.23.Deborah Seehorn believe that the skills learned at Flatiron will______.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to______.[A]complete with a future army of programmers[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word“coax”(line4,para6)is closest in meaning to______.[A]challenge[B]persuade[C]frighten[D]misguideText2Biologists estimate that as many as2million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. But just some22,000birds remain today,occupying about16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with2new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of67, 000birds over the next10years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win—win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far;environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is______.[A]the insistence of private landowners[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]its drastically decreased population27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it______.[A]was a give—in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer regulatory powers[C]granted less federal regulatory powers[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3that unintentional harm—doers will be prosecuted if they______.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]the plan under challenge[B]the win—win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]industry groupsText3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read;“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30minutes doesn’t work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work—related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.The modern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it in as a to—do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful,sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure to fill these different—sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them.”No mind—set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind—set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behavior helps us“step outside time’s flow”into“soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single—purpose e—readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you’re“making time to read”,but just reading,and making time for everything else.31.The usual time management techniques don’t work because______.[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[C]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to______.[A]update their to—do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps______.[A]promote ritualistic reading[B]encourage the efficiency mind-set[C]develop online reading habits[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if______.[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be______.[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Set Reading Goals[C]How to Find Time to Read[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText4Against a backdrop of changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new21st—century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life including getting married,having children,owning a home and retiring in their sixties but while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While youngerpeople are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good—paying job,starting a family, managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a27—year—old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs,says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.“Even now that he is working steadily,he said,“I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.”Looking back,he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle—class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36.One cross—generation mark of a successful life is______.[A]having a family with children[B]trying out different lifestyles[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph3that young people tend to_______.[A]favor a slower life pace.[B]hold an occupation longer.[C]attach importance to pre—marital finance.[D]give priority to childcare outside the home.38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will_______.[A]depend largely on political preferences[B]reach almost all aspects of American life[C]focus on materialistic issues[D]become increasingly clear39.Both young and old agree that_______.[A]Good—paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.[B]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[C]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[D]He found a dream job after graduating from college.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don’t overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice thingsAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don't need self—help books or therapy.Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than wedo as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41.____________________What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bitof both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviors,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this processtoo far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately and then—again like children—move.42.____________________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest step daughter,who was nine years old at the time,gota Superman T—shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a five but she was overjoyed,and couldn’tstop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be themagic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things havevery little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things everyday is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.____________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of sillinessand giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.____________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with—work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxuryof being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)—it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable,and not likely tohave negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree ifyou're on a tight budget.45.____________________Having said all of the above,it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you’ll see,and the more stuff you see,the more you’ll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according tothe Food Marketing Institute,carries some44,000different items,and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain—scan experiments,the demands of so much decision—making quickly become too much for us.After about40minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the50percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him,and2)give your advice.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某高校学生旅行目的调查2016年 MBA 全国考试英语真题答案16—20：D C C A B 36—40：ACBDB1—5：C BDCD 6—10：BADAB 11—15：A BA DC21—25：BDACB 26—30：D C A D C 31—35：DBDAC41—45：CEABD46.超市旨在吸引顾客尽可能长时间的停留在店中。
2016考研英语一真题及参考答案
2016考研英语一真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2016 Graduate Entrance Exam for English. Paper 1 contained a variety of questions that tested the candidates' comprehension and critical thinking skills. In this article, we will explore the different sections of the exam and provide a reference answer for each question. The aim is to help students gain a deeper understanding of the exam format and improve their performance in future exams.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1:The first passage discussed the impact of climate change on fish populations. It highlighted how rising sea temperatures are affecting the reproduction and migration patterns of various fish species. The reference answer should include a detailed analysis of the passage's main ideas, supporting evidence, and a clear explanation of the effects of climate change on fish populations.Passage 2:The second passage focused on the benefits of mindfulness meditation. It explained how mindfulness can reduce stress, improve cognitive function, and enhance overall well-being. The reference answer should summarize the main points of the passage, highlight the evidence provided, and discuss the implications of mindfulness meditation in modern society.Section 2: Sentence CompletionThe sentence completion section required candidates to fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word or phrase. The reference answer should provide a comprehensive list of possible answers for each sentence, explaining the context and reasoning behind the choices. It should also include a brief explanation of any grammatical or lexical difficulties that might arise.Section 3: Error DetectionIn this section, candidates had to identify grammatical errors in a given sentence. The reference answer should clearly point out the errors and provide a correct version of the sentence. Additionally, it should explain the grammatical rules or concepts behind each error, helping students understand and avoid similar mistakes in the future.Section 4: TranslationThe translation section required candidates to translate a given English passage into Chinese. The reference answer should provide an accurate translation of the passage while preserving its original meaning and style. It should also explain any cultural or linguistic nuances that might require additional context for a complete understanding.Conclusion:By providing a reference answer for each section of the 2016 Graduate Entrance Exam for English, this article aims to assist students in their preparation for future exams. Understanding the exam format, content, and expected answers can significantly improve performance and increase the chances of success. It is essential for students to practice regularly, analyzetheir mistakes, and seek further guidance to further enhance their English proficiency.。
2016年管理类联考综合、英语二真题及答案
2016年管理类联考英语（二)试卷Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark ［A］，［B]，［C］or ［D] on the ANSWER SHEET。
(10 points)Happy people work differently。
They’re more productive，more creative, and willing to take greater risks。
And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too。
Companies located in places with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。
2 ，firms in happy places spend more on R＆D （research and development ）。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer—term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk—taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。
So they compared U。
S。
cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷1A
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语[1A]考生须知1．选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷上的答案无效。
2．其他题一律用蓝色钢笔或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷1ASection I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In modern digital era, more and more people feel their lives are disturbed by the ill content which search engines link to their names and want to change it.Many European politicians are 1 to this feeling. Governments such as France and Britain have long allowed the deletion of criminal records in any 2 once punishment is 3 . The European Parliament has backed a 4 known as “a right to forgotten”, but to become law it would need the 5 of all the European Union’s 28 members states. Recently, as a advocate of “a right to forgotten”, Mr. Mosley has won the first round of a 6 battle in Germany to block his “dirty” images appearing on Google 7 there.8 , the right to be forgotten would also undermine the internet’s great strength. 9 ，the internet is similar to a library of unimaginable 10 –full, as all libraries are, of useful news, tips, document material 11 some stuff which may to different degrees be irrelevant, wrong or mad. Internet has made the best and worst of information more freely and readily 12 than ever before. Then, search engines should be 13 library catalogues and should be comprehensive and 14 , without fear or favor of what the contents may reveal, or of 15 they may be used.It should be the right of 16 , rather than governments or institutions, to distinguish what is right or wrong, useful or immaterial and factual or false. People should be 17 of giving the power to make that very 18 , even to a court that thinks hard about it and backs the disadvantaged mass. As James Madison 19 it: I believe there are more instances of the depriving of the freedom of the people by gradual and silent invasion of those in power than by 20 and violent seizure.1. A. indifferent B. sympathetic C. prudent D. ignorant2. A. searches B. explorers C. servers D. engines3. A. on B. out C. over D. off4. A schedule B. practice C. prospect D. campaign5. A. cooperation B. approval C. integration D. intelligence6. A. lateral B. literate C. liberal D. legal7. A. agent B. explorer C. search D. server8. A. Indeed B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover9. A. In turn B. In vain C. In particular D. In effect10. A. size B. roof C. home D. grade11. A. as well as B. as long as C. as far as D. as soon as12. A. available B. feasible C. eligible D. reasonable13. A. with B. like C. against D. among14. A. biased B. diverse C. neutral D. logical15. A. what B. which C. whether D. how16. A. inhabitants B. natives C. individuals D. peoples17. A. tired B. aware C. cautious D. fond18. A. contribution B. judgment C. opportunity D. option19. A puts B. makes C. carries D. lets20. A. random B. normal C. forceful D. sudenSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Lots of states would love to be California, having their own little Hollywood, and then film crews would come to town and spend money in hair salons and hotels. Last year, more than 40 states had incentives like huge tax credits to lure film producers, costing them a record $1.4 billion. Yet, the huge tax credits can be justified in no way.California is reluctant but has no way but to be in that game, with the assumption that it has to take actions to defend itself against the new-coming hunters. In 2003, when only a few states offered incentives, California made two-thirds of America’s big-studio films, but now it makes far fewer than half. Film LA, an organization that co-ordinates permits for film shoots in Los Angeles, says that without California’s own tax credit, “2010 would have been the worst year” since the mid-1990s for filming in Hollywood.All this costs money, which legislators volunteer on behalf of taxpayers. Many tax credits exceed the filmmaker’s total tax liability to that state. The credits have even become an industr y unto themselves. In Iowa some filmmakers were transferring their credits to others as transactions until the state shut its program in 2009. Last month an Iowa judge sentenced a producer to ten years in prison for cheating credits. Incentives do not necessarily have to call for the involvement of tax credits. Some states simplify the paperwork by just giving out cash and others remit film-makers from sales or hotel taxes or give them other subsidies.According to Joseph Henchman at the Tax Foundation, even when a state succeeds in luring film crews, they rarely boost the economy or tax revenues enough to justify the costs of the incentives. After all, film companies usually import their staff and export them again when the shoot is over, and thus the local jobs they create are mostly temporary. In addition, since virtually all statesare at it, the programs largely cancel out one another and no state gets a lasting advantage. The craze resembles a war with mutually destructive tariffs with its loopholes for every lobby and thus higher rates for all. The only winner is the film industry.It begins sinking in. Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, New Jersey and Washington have recently ended, suspended or shrunk their programs, and many others, struggling with budget deficits, intend to do the same, diverting the money into something permanent or even leaving it to taxpayers.21. The fact that California makes fewer films is mentioned to illustrate it ________.A. loses its advantages in film shoot technologiesB. does not regard film shoot as a main industryC. gives importance to the attack and defend gameD. is compelled to attract film crews with incentives22. According to paragraph 3, some filmmakers ______.A. are willing to shoulder some tax of taxpayersB. spend more in filmmaking to get subsidiesC. sell their tax credits for profits illegallyD. do not have to pay for their hotel fees23. According to paragraph 4, Joseph Henchman believes ______.A. film companies creates permanent employmentsB. it is not wise to attract film crews by incentivesC. film companies help local in imports and exportsD. film shootings create lasting advantage to a state24. By saying “It begins sinking in” (last paragraph), the author implies that ______.A. some states refuse to accept film shootingB. some states reduce the state deficitsC. some states reconsider attracting film shootingD. some states give in to California in films25. The most appropriate title for this text would be ______.A. Film Shooting: Hard to LoveB. Film Shooting: Thriving BusinessC. Film Shooting: Engine for DevelopmentD. Film Shooting: High-cost IndustryText 2More often than not, it appears, we are told that our American children’s poor performance in tests of math and science, and about new initiatives from universities or foundations to expand STEM courses and deemphasize the humanities. From President Obama on down, public officials have cautioned against pursuing degrees like art, language or history, which are seen as luxuries in today’s world and they contend that a liberal education is irrelevant, and technical training is the only new path forward. It is the only way, we are told, to ensure that Americans survive in an age defined by technology and shaped by global competition. If we are to find what Americans areunited in any conviction currently, it is that we urgently need to shift the country’s education toward the teaching of specific, technical skills.This dismissal of broad-based learning stems from a fundamental misinterpreting of the facts and puts America on a significantly dangerously narrow path for the future. A broad general education helps nurture critical thinking and creativity, and exposure to a variety of fields produces synergy and cross fertilization, which renders it possible that the United States has led the world in economic dynamism, innovation, entrepreneurship and other fields. When unveiling a new edition of the iPad, Jobs explained that “it’s in Apple’s DNA that technology al one is inadequate —that it’s technology married with liberal arts, married with the humanities, that yields us the result that makes our hearts sing.”In their well-known comprehensive research “The Race Between Education and Technology”, Harvard’s Cl audia Goldin and Lawrence Katz point out that in late 18th and 19th century, countries like Britain, France and Germany educated only a few and put them through narrow programs designed to impart only the skills crucial to their professions. America, by contrast, provided mass general education because people were not rooted in specific locations with long-established trades, and the American economy changed so quickly that the nature of work and the qualifications for above-average tended to vary from one generation to the next and people didn’t want to lock themselves into one professional guild for life.In truth, though, the United States has never done well on international tests, and they are not good predictors of our national success. Since 1964, when the first such exam was administered to 13-year-olds in 12 countries, America has lagged behind its peers, rarely rising above the middle of the pack and doing particularly poorly in science and math. Yet, over these past five decades, that same laggard country has dominated the world of science, technology, research and innovation.26. According to the text, the American society generally believe that ______.A. public servants in America are poor at humanitiesB. American education has to change its emphasisC. it’s hard currently to survive in the global competitionD. STEM courses are too difficult to get good text scores27. The quotation of Jobs in paragraph 2 is used to illustrate ______.A. comprehensive education is crucial for the U. S. to keep leadB. America’s education policies are misunderstood in the worldC. world leaders are advanced in critical thinking and creativityD. intermarriage is a well established trend in American society28. Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz’s study reveals that compared with other countries’, American’s education is more ______.A. formal in styleB. radical in contentC. variable in devicesD. desirable in design29. The American’s fast changing economy probably calls for people’s ______.A. loyalty to a particular profession they qualifyB. variable skills necessary for potential professionsC. outstanding acquisition of professional knowledgeD. proficiency in a certain skill needed for trade30. The author’s attitude toward the American’s present education is ______.A. skepticalB. biasedC. optimisticD. ironicText 3The number of people who believe they could be born poor, work hard and get rich is at a two-decade low in New York Times polling, further evidence of the fade of the long-held idea of the American Dream. Over the past decade of the Times asking the same question, the proportion of respondents with the belief of starting off impoverished and achieving rich has steadily declined.Another low appeared in the poll conducted in 1983, and this low is worth exploring. It occurred right during a grievous economic recession and unemployment nationwide was over 10 percent and had touched the high teens or even low 20s in some states. In Ronald Reagan's 1983 State of the Union address,he began this way: "As we gather here tonight, the state of our Union is strong, but our economy is stagnant. For too many of our fellow citizens – farmers, steel and auto workers, lumbermen, black teenagers, working mothers – this is a painful period." Of course, 1983 was also a turn-around year for the economy. By year's end, the unemployment rate had dipped by almost two points and Reagan’s reelection a year later went from questionable to certain.It's easy to acknowledge that there exists direct correlation between people not having faith in the American Dream and prolonged periods of economic struggle. Whether the current slow recovery is what's to blame for the extended pessimistic mentalities or whether we, as a country, have simply entered a different stage in our relationship with the idea of the American Dream, remains a question.However, asking people whether they can be born poor and get rich through hard work is not, for everyone, a definition of the American Dream, and "rich" and "successful" are not synonymous. So there may well be people who believe you can be born to humble circumstances and achieve success who don't buy into the poor/rich dynamic presented in the Times questionnaire. In addition, comparing people who say they believe you can be born poor and get rich to people who say things either will or won't be better for future generations isn't apples to apples.There seem to be a dip in the twin ideas that a) the country is moving, inexorably, in a better direction and b) the opportunity to succeed exists for all of us (mostly) equally. That presents a major challenge for some politicians who have spent the last two decades leaning too heavily on what now looks like a somewhat outdated idea of not only the American Dream but whether it can be achieved.31. We can learn from paragraph 1 that ______.A. people from poor families are gradually losing faith in American DreamB. people born to different eras hold different opinions of American dreamC. people believe they are able to realize their dreams by working harderD. people born to rich families get rich more easily than those to poor ones32. According to the text, which of the following is true about 1983’s America?A. Unemployment rate reached historical peak.B. Reagan achieved success in general reelection.C. Fellow citizens were short of life necessities.D. Economy began to recover from former recession.33. According to paragraph 3, it’s hard to decide whether ________.A. lengthy economic recession destroys American DreamB. period of economic recovery pace affects people’s attitudeC. the US has entered a different era of economic growthD. people’s relation loosens during economic recessions34. The author’ attitude toward Times questionnaires is _________.A. positiveB. objectiveC. skepticalD. ironic35. According to the author, some politicians should _________.A. stick to their belief in American DreamB. pursue realization of American dreamC. rely on the ideal of American DreamD. update their idea of American DreamText 4Mention price cartels and many people will think of big, visible ones like the one OPEC runs to fix oil prices and the now-extinct one for diamonds. Nevertheless, at least as damaging are the many insidious cartels in such unattractive areas as ball-bearings and cargo rates, which go unnoticed for years, quietly pushing up the end cost to consumers of all manner of goods and services.Alliances or collusion among manufacturers to manipulate prices and carve up markets is thriving, with the cartels growing ever more complex and global in scope. A Competition Committee’s investigation have uncovered several big conspiracies, including one in which more than 20 airlines worldwide had fixed prices on perhaps 20 billion of freight shipments. They were fined a total of 3 billion. One academic study conducted by the Committee revealed that the typical cartel raised the price of the goods or services in question by 20%.Investigators are still addressing the problem of a huge global cartel network among suppliers of wide range of car parts. Makers of seat belts, radiators and foam seat-stuffing have had substantial fine imposed on them. Earlier this month, the European Council fined five makers of automotive bearings a total of 953m. This week its investigators raided a bunch of makers of car exhausts. Also in recent days, Brazilian officials have charged executives from a dozen foreign train-makers accused of m anipulating bids for rail and subway contracts in the country’s main cities.Anyway, we there are reasons to be optimistic because enforcement has got tougher, smarter, more coordinated, and thus more effective and efficient. Gone are the days when price-fixers got a slap on the wrist. Firms are likely to expect severe fines and bosses are likely to go to jail. Whilemany cartels now operate across boarders, so do investigators. American and Japanese bureau joined forces to flush out the car parts cartels. And incentives for whistle blowers have also increased: around 50 countries now offer immunity or reduced penalties for informers.The best study of the issue so far concluded that, given the still low risk of detection, price alliance manipulation pays. Yet, The preferable answer is stiffer prison sentences, particularly for senior executives. American courts, only too ready to lock up other types of offenders for a long time, have rarely jailed wicked price-fixers for anything like the maximum of ten years that the legislation allows. Or, the other way? Beyond a certain point – which the fines now imposed by American and European regulators have probably reached – fines constitute so much damage on guilty companies that they undermine competition rather than enhance it.36. The best title of the text probably is _________.A. Breaking Overlooked Price-fix AlliancesB. Establishing Proper Price-fix MechanismC. Reversing the Recent Price Rising TrendD. Sustaining the Present Cost of Consumers37. According to paragraph 2, A Competition Committee _________.A. protected 20 airlines from price discriminationB. fixed the prices of airline freight shipmentsC. determined the prices of goods and servicesD. found some companies united to fix prices38. According to the text, punishment of price monopoly has involved all the following industries EXCEPT _________.A. aviationB. tourismC. automobileD. railway39. By “Gone are the days … the wrist” (paragraph 3), the author implies price-fixers _________.A. will possibly be preventedB. are getting less efficientC. employ reliable informersD. cooperate with each other40. The author advocates stiffer prison sentence of price-fixers because _________.A. criminals have to be sentenced to prison longB. laws allow sentence of price-fixers to prisonC. this alternative way helps protect competitionD. price offenders deserve longer imprisonmentPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The first question people ask me when they learn that my husband lost his job, our house went underwater and we went from middle class to barely working poor during the 2008 economic crisis is: How did you stay together?It always struck me as a strange question. But it’s actually a reasonable one. Overall, America’s divorce rate has fallen. But like many things, the poor have not reaped the benefits of this trend. The number of married, college-educated couples splitting by their seventh anniversary has dropped from more than 20 percent in the early 1980s to just 11 percent today.Why this discrepancy? To start, money is a major source of tension for all couples. And less money can equal more problems. Raevan Zayas stays at home with her 1-year-old baby in California while her husband struggles at a low-paying job. “I can’t afford child care to go to work. We can barely afford groceries. Our kid needs new shoes and clothes, and I can’t remember the last time Isaac and I did something nice together,” she said. “Our relationship is so stra ined. How are you supposed to work through the problems in your relationship when you’re worried about how you’re going to buy milk for your kid?”University of Michigan economist Justin Wolfers said he’s also found that working-class families have more stringent views about men as providers and that the economy has shifted so that those without college degrees have more trouble finding such work, which contributes not only to financial hardship but also to relationship stress. As Johns Hopkins sociologist Andrew Cherbin explains: “I’ve looked at the marriage gap between men with high- and low-earning occupations, and it varies directly with the amount of economic inequality in the country.Two-thirds of all divorces are initiated by women, according to Bill Doherty, professor of family social science at the University of Minnesota. In the 1960s and ’70s, he said, highly educated mothers got divorced at about the same rate of less educated mothers. Doherty theorizes that the reason for this has something to do with the changing expectations women have for their partners. “What we have is historically high expectations for what young people call a 50-50 marriage,” he said. “People are looking for a high-intimacy, high-income marriage where both partners contribute, regardless of income bracket.Cece Azadi of Alabama said the anticipations that working-class couples have of each other shouldn’t be unrealistic. It’s not that she needed a man to provide for her, she said, she simply wanted a partner who would work with her rather than against her. “With my first divorce, poverty was an issue, for sure,” she said. “He kept working and quitting, and eventually I realized that since I was the only reliable person in the family making money, there wasn’t m uch reason to hold onto the marriage.”Examples like this ring especially true during periods of high inequality. As we came out of the recession, unemployment levels dropped from their historic highs, but more so for women than men.In the summer of 2013, about 7.5 percent of men over age 20 were unemployed, compared with 6.5 percent of women, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.The workforce has also polarized, with high- and low-income jobs increasing, and middle-income jobs that men without a college degree previously performed disappearing.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)120 presidents and prime ministers will gather in New York for a UN conference on climate change. It is the first time the subject has brought so many leaders together since the ill-fated Copenhagen summit of 2009. Now, as then, they will assert that reining in global warming is a political priority. Some may commit their governments to policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.According to scientists, cutting carbon-dioxide emission is an essential part of reducing catastrophic risk from climate change. Yet governments are persistently reluctant to provide estimates of how much carbon a policy saves. That may because, in countries where climate change is controversial, it makes more sense to talk about the other benefits a scheme offers rather than its effect on carbon. Or it may be that, in countries which are enthusiastic about renewable energy, pointing out that it may not save that much carbon is seen as unhelpful. Or perhaps governments think climate change is so serious that all measures must be taken, regardless of cost.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: You are supposed to write for the Postgraduate’s Association a notice to rec ruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and the other information which you think is relative.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own but use “Postgraduate’s Association” at the end of the letter.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart:1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)十年间城镇居民上下班交通方式变化图。
2016年研究生学位英语统考真题
2016年学位课统考真题(A卷)Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 1 point each)1. A Beauty has advantages and disadvantages.B. Beauty has different meanings to different people.C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities.D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities.2. A. She is using the book now.B. She may give him a hand.C. She can’t lend him the book.D. She will keep the book for him.3. A Rachel lives fairly close to her.B Rachel visits her quite often.C Rachel comes here once a month.D Rachel rarely gets to see her.4. A She forgot about the time change.B She didn’t receive the text messageC Her roommate forgot to give her the message.D Her roommate was too nervous to tell her.5. A He should have got better grades.B The test was based on lecture material.C She misplaced her textbook.D Small luck plays a big role.6. A On the 16th of June.B. On the 18th of June.C On the 9th of June.D On the 8th of June.7. A. Go to sleep.B. Watch the movie later.C Change the channel.D Set the alarm clock.8. A Wear a formal suit.B Wear casual clothes.C Dress up for the party.D Dress in a costume.9. A. She likes to drink coffee.B She rarely wakes up early.C She needs tea to feel alert.D She always skips breakfast.Section BMini-talk One10. A Southern Europe.B United Arab EmiratesC. North Africa.D. The United States.11. A The wings B The tail C The windowsD The engines12. A To change the airplane industryB To make a trip in a tiny plane.C. To overcome weather issues.D To prove the power of new energy sources.Mini-talk Two13. A Feeling sleepy at work.B Feeling sad or depressedC Feeling unable to think clearly.D Feeling tired in the morning.14. A Time zone change.B An extra hour of sleepC Travel by air far distancesD Unmatched work schedule and lifestyle15. A Nighttime work is hard on some of the workers.B Early risers have litter improvement in wellbeing.C A better rest can benefit employers financially.D Workers report the same level of improvement.Section C16. Choose clothing that fits the employer’s ______(2 words) and keep yourself clean and tidy.17. Leave your house in _____(3 words) to arrive at least 15 minutes early for your interview.18. Firmly ____(2 words) , right hand only, even if you’re left-handed.19. If the interviewer seems distracted, lighten the atmosphere by telling an ____(3 words) story about your qualifications.20. If you don’t understand a question orstatement, ask the interviewer to ____(3 words) it.Part II. V ocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 points)21. Digital technology can be used to alleviate the harmful side effects brought about by farming.A intensifyB reduceC triggerD convert22. It is believed that any improvement in water efficiency would be of considerable benefit .A enormousB marginalC potentialD beneficial23. Materials science is rapidly transforming the way that everything from cars to light bulbs is made.A enhancingB multiplyingC alteringD pursuing24. The economy of the United States is probably the envy of the world, and its armedforces are unrivalled.A unmatchedB ungrounded D undefined D unpurified25. The central government of China has set about boosting the consumption of greener energy.A discardedB demandedC cancelledD initiated26. Her voice had a peculiarly engaging quality; it was deep, a little husky, and one always heard the breath vibrating behind it.A appealingB disgustingC emergingD painstaking27. Purchase of a second-hand house is a difficult problem that requires careful assessment.A predictionB evaluationC elaborationD assimilation28. A number of ingenious techniques are employed to make the workmanship more delicate.A recruitedB hiredC adopted Dcreated29. The business will show a profit in September provided that sales remain steady all summer.A as soon asB on condition thatC in order thatD by the time30. The miners who had been stuck underground for days were taken to a hospital right away.A for the time beingB behind the timesC at timesD in no timeSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some infectious diseases, such as AIDS, take a heavy___on human immunity.A impactB lossC tollD casualty32. Because of poor grammar, some sentences in research papers by Chinese students seem ___to the reviewers.A incomprehensibleB inedibleC inestimableD irreplaceable33. Almost each college student is equippedwith a cell phone, laptop and other electronic ____A galaxiesB ornamentsC utensilsD gadgets34. Running for president is ____ demanding , emotionally draining, and physically taxing.A incoherentlyB intellectuallyC intimatelyD invalidly35. The common pattern of human influence on tropical rainforest is a ____ of the habitat into smaller patches.36. State leaders of each generation have to think about how to ___complicated economic issues.A adoreB assembleC addressD alienate37. In 2008, Sarkozy threatened to boycott the Olympic Games in Beijing, ___kowtow shortly afterwards by promising never to interfe re with China’s affairs.A only toB so as toC as toD prior to38. New methods of irrigation can reducewater consumption by roughly 30%____conventional systems.A but forB compared withC related toD other than39. As long as you are pursuing your dream, your efforts will eventually ____.A wear offB pay offC ward offD turn off40. The younger you begin ____, the easier it is to remain physically active throughout your life.A setting outB figuring outC running outD working outPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)A college education is completely necessary for each of us, but we have to ask what it –41—to get into college? High school grades and standardized tests are still the most common measurements. –42—this information is often considered alongsideother sources of information, other indicators of college potential are typically not considered if high school grades and standardized test scores don’t reach a certain –43---.Even though standardized test scores do predict –44—performance and job performance, relying so heavily on these scores is problematic –45—a number of reasons. For one, studies have found that the SAT is a better predictor of college performance for white students. –46—reason is that other key skills are neglected that contribute to life success, defined more –47—than merely the capacity for academic learning, including active learning –48--, natural motivation, social-emotional intelligence, imagination and creativity. Creativity and imagination are particularly important skills in this century, --49—how quickly this world is changing. This world needs people who are not only quick learners,but also reflective learners as well as –50--- of new knowledge.41.A.means B takes C seems D likes42.A. But B However C While D Yet43.A.standard B destination C aspect D perspective44.A physical B artistic C mechanical D academic45.A because of B due to C for D owing to46.A The second B A second C Second D The other47.A broadly B narrowly C usually D strictly48.A outcomes B advantages C qualifications D strategies49.A concerning B regarding C considering D involving50.A applicants B creators C witnesses D successorsApply, application, applicantSucceed, successive, succeeding , successorsContinual , continuous80 Years has witnessed the ups and downs of ……Standard, level, criteriaWater table, water levelHigh level, low levelDesign criteriaStandard for designPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA year ago, my boss announced that our large New York ad agency would be moving to an open office. After nine years as a seniorwriter, I was forced to trade in my private office for a seat at a long, shared table. It felt like my boss had ripped off my clothes and left me standing in my underwear.However, about 70 percent of U.S. offices now have no or low partitions. Silicon Valley has been the leader in bringing down the dividers. Google, Yahoo and American Express are all adherents. Facebook designed the largest open floor plan in the world, housing nearly 3,000 engineers.Adhere to …These new floor plans are ideal for maximizing a company’s space while minimizing costs. Bosses love the ability to keep a closer eye on their employees, ensuring movie-watching, constant social media-browsing and unlimited personal cellphone use isn’t occupying billing hours. While employees feel like they’re part of a relaxed, innovative enterprise, theenvironment ultimately damages workers’attention spans, creativity and satisfaction. Furthermore, a sense of privacy boosts job performance, while the opposite can cause feeling of helplessness. In addition to the distractions, my colleagues and I have been more vulnerable to illness. Last flu season took down a succession of my co-workers like dominoes.As the new space intended, I’ve formed interesting, unexpected bonds with my colleagues. But my personal performance at work has hit an all-time low. Each day, my associates and I are seated at a table staring at each other, having an ongoing 12-person conversation from 9 a.m to 5 p.m. those who have worked in private offices for decades have proven to be the most noisy and tough. They haven’t had to consider how their loud habits affect others, so I can only work effectively during times when no one else is around, or if I isolate myself in one of thesmall, constantly sought-after, glass-windowed meeting rooms.To make the open-office model work, employers have to take measures to improve work efficiency. For one, they should create more private areas----ones without open windows. Also, they should implement rules on when interaction should be limited. And please, let’s eliminate the music that blankets our workspaces. Companies could simply join another trend----allowing employees to work from home. That model boosts productivity, with employees working more hours and taking fewer breaks. There are fewer interruptions when employees work remotely. At home, my greatest distraction is the refrigerator.51. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A The author enjoyed working in an open office.B This open-office model has gainedpopularity.C Companies are compelled to shift to an open office.D Google and Yahoo refuse to go along with the trend.52. Large open floor plans can help bosses to ____A reduce investment in research.B show movies to workers in the officeC supervise co-workers’ conversations.D restrict the use of personal cell phones.53. According to Paragraph 4, an open office ____A can benefit workers’ mental health.B brings no relaxation to workers at all.C adversely affects productivity and health.D contribute to better productivity .54. It can be concluded from Paragraph 5 that in an open office ___A fellow workers are likely to spend a long time talking.B one’s personal performance can beimproved easily.C work efficiency can be ensured amid frequent interaction.D most of the workers can easily become close friends.55. The last sentence of this passage suggests that the author___A can hardly concentrate on his work at home.B often suffers from the noise of the refrigerator.C works more efficiently at home than in the open office.D has nobody to talk to while working at home.56. The central idea of this passage is that the open-office model___A should be highly recommended.B is destroying the workplace.C is more of a blessing than a curse.D proves to be quite innovativePassage TwoThe mosquito-borne Zika virus, which has spread to 22 countries in the Americas, is terrifying to pregnant women and their partners. The virus may cause birth defects in babies whose mothers were infected during pregnancy. In Brazil more than 4,000 have been born with abnormally small heads since last October, compared with fewer than 200 in a typical year. The response of several governments has triggered a debate about abortion and birth control which may outlast the outbreak itself.OutbreakBreak outStudent-leading movementStudent-led movement.Input, output , outset, outskirts, outspread, uphold,Outgrow, outlastMan-eating society , man-eaten societyMan-made satelliteSound-producing insectsIt started after some governments advised women to delay getting pregnant. Colombia, which has the second-highest number of infections after Brazil, advised women to wait six to eight months. Jamaica issued a similar recommendation, even though no cases of Zika have yet been reported there. El Salvador’s government suggested that women should delay pregnancy until 2018. Panama warned women from vulnerable communities not to conceive.Some women find this advice rather bossy. Others say that governments have done little to help women control their fertility. A lobby group in New York notes that rates of teenage pregnancy in Latin America are among theworld’s highest, as 56% of pregnancies in Latin America and the Caribbean are unintended.Rates of accidental pregnancy are high because sex education is inadequate and birth control is hard to come by. Health workers are reluctant to prescribe contraceptives to teenagers or to women who have not yet given birth. If women are to avoid pregnancy, governments must inform them better and provide more access to contraception for both men and women.Some argue that the Zika crisis should prompt countries to liberalize policies that severely restrict abortion. In El Salvador, which does not allow abortion even if a woman’s life is at risk, activists are stepping up their campaign for a change in the law. A Brazilian newspaper argued that Brazil should end its ban on most abortions.Rather than calling on women to delay pregnancy, Brazil is sensibly concentrating itsefforts on the mosquito responsible, which also carries dengue and yellow fever. The country had stamped out the threat by 1958 but let down its guard and allowed it to return. The health minister announced that insect repellent will be distributed to 400,000 expectant mothers. Some 310,000 health workers are teaching people how to keep mosquitoes at bay. Following WHO guidelines, Brazil advises women contemplating pregnancy on how to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes. Women need facts, not fertility targets.57. The first paragraph is primarily concerned with ___A the harm done by the Zika virus.B abortion and birth controlC the response of some countries.D the origin of the Zika virus .58. The rate of infections with the Zika virus is the highest in ___A ColombiaB BrazilC Jamaica DPanama59. Rates of accidental pregnancy are high in Latin America because of the following except ___A insufficient sex education or information on pregnancy.B the reluctance to prescribe contraceptives to teenagers.C poor accessibility of birth control for men and women.D the extremely low rate of marriage in some countries.60. Which of the following is true according to this passage?A Abortion is strictly prohibited in the whole of Latin America.B Activists in El Salvador are fighting for the right to abortion.C Brazil has managed to eliminate the mosquito responsible.D Most women have been convinced of the advice by governments.61. The underlined words in the last paragraph probably mean ____A stay away from mosquitoesB try to make mosquitoes extinctC confine mosquitoes to the beachD culture some new mosquitoes62. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A How to Contain the Zika Virus?B health during PregnancyC To Breed, or not to BreedD Measures of Birth ControlCheck :Passage ThreeAfter a jury convicted ex-Virginia Governor, Bob McDonnell, I wrote an op-ed calling attention to the “real stars”of the McDonnell case. It is easy to get distracted by the sensational details of the new case, but it would be better to focus on the big picture.Ex-husband …Ex-president. Late-presidentVice-president ….Deputy-presidentProfessor, associate-professor , lecturer , assistant …The judge convicted him of robbery.The judge convicted him to 15 years’imprisonment.Convince convincing factsAssure sb of sth , assure sb that clause ….I assure him of my honesty .I assure him that I am honest. Integrity, integration( integrate…) =combineIrritation, irrigation =waterConvince sb of sth = convince sb that clause….Assure, ensure, insure,I insured 1000 yuan against unexpected injury.Guarantee ….Ensure = make sure ….To ensure that the meeting goes smoothly, we have made full arrangement.To see(to it) that …=to make sure …American politicians face a harsh reality. The average Senate campaign costs more than $10 million! Point the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) at any elected official, and I suspect it can uncover a contributor who received special treatment: a meeting with staff here, a call to an agency there. None of it is necessarily illegal.Americans are not only allowed to give money to politicians. The Supreme Court hassaid they have a constitutional right to spend money on campaign. Elected officials, in turn, have the freedom to decide which calls they answer, what meetings they arrange, how to craft legislation and whom it benefits.It could be, then, that what set McDonnell apart from other politicians is not the alleged illegality of his conduct, but that the FBI took such a hard look at him. Thankfully, the FBI’s interest doesn’t appear to be political. More likely, agents became interested in these cases like they get interested in lots of things; they happened upon public corruption while looking into something else. The FBI reportedly was investigating Jonnie Williams’company for securities fraud when it stumbled upon his gifts to McDonnell.There are two important lessons here, one for politicians and one for the rest of us. The politicians need to distance themselves from their rich donors. Ethics aside, it is simply too risky to take contributions and gifts frompeople whose interests you intend to advance. Better to lose an election than to go to federal prison.Everyone else should start thinking about prosecutorial power to act. It’s bad enough that our political system seems to be populated with criminals. We should also worry about how prosecutors choose among them to decide whom to imprison.Random selection, which appears to explain the McDonnell case, is the least of our worries. The real concern is politically motivated prosecutions, which are made all too easy in a system flush with cash and regulated by flexible public corruption laws. Sadly in a pay-to-play political system, once FBI agents direct their investigative power at a particular politicians, the likelihood of a federal accusation may only depend on how hard they look.Hit-and-run63. In the first paragraph, “the big picture”probably refers to ____A the details of the McDonnell caseB the political system in the US.C. the economic situation in the US D other officials involved in this case.64. Which of the following is true about the McDonnell case?A McDonnell has turned out to be innocent.B He gave expensive gifts to Jonnie Williams.C The FBI happened to find his criminality.D The FBI’s investigation is politically motivated.65. The lesson that politicians should learn from the case of McDonnell is to ___.A stay away from wealthy donorsB work in the interests of rich donors.C forget about ethics when with rich donorsD make friends with many rich donors.66. The last paragraph implies that in theAmerican political system___A there are few corrupt politiciansB money plays a minor roleC random selection is a big concernD it is easy to spot cases of corruption67 This passage is primarily concerned with _____in the United States.A ways to keep governance cleanB the responsibilities of the FBIC the political corruption problemD the role of money in legal matters68. The attitude of the author towards the American political system is ___A curiousB criticalC appreciativeD indifferentPassage FourThe fourth and final article from Sheryl Sandberg and Adam Grant in The New York Times’“Women at Work”series appeared today; it is as misguided as the previous three have been, bordering on offensive. Do wereally need Sandberg telling men that if they do a load of laundry now and then, they might get lucky? Yes, that is an exact point in the article. To quote: A man was asked by his wife one night to do a load of laundry. He picked up the basket and asked hopefully, “Is this lean in laundry?”The bigger issue with the entire New York Times series is that rather than focusing on the abilities of women, all they’ve done is offer studies and statistics pointing out how bad things are, then asking men to change that. It is so disappointing that Sandberg and Grant keep repeating the same point---“Hey, guys, help the poor girls out!” They continue to tell men that they should do more office chores, let women speak at work, use the same criteria for evaluating female managers as male ones. It’s all about men and what they need to do to boost up ladies.The tone of these articles also implies that every successful woman was somehow given ashot by some man. Most successful women I know weren’t given anything. They earned it. And when they didn’t get it even after earning it, they struggled and seized it. It is so unproductive for women to repeat that the workplace needs to change to reward us. How about if women change? Why don’t we start behaving in ways that will get us rewarded in the workplace?Whenever I speak or write about equality for women in the workplace, I never address what men need to do differently. Men have no incentive to do anything differently. This system is working for them, and if women want to compete in male-dominated fields, we need to develop the instincts and attitudes what will get us rewarded in those fields. Women don’t have to “behave like men,” but we can make the changes needed to be recognized and promoted without asking them for the scraps. We should not stamp our feet and demand that men help us get there. Afterall, no woman has to lean in when she’s standing at the head of the table.69. What does the author of this passage think of the article mentioned in the first paragraph?A misleadingB instructiveC amusingD paradoxical70. The author believes that the problem with this New York Time s series is that is ___A overemphasizes mutual help between males and females.B elaborates on the advantages of males over femalesC suggests the two sexes be evaluated in the same way.D ignores what women can do for themselves.71.The main idea of the third paragraph is that ____A women have to adapt to the work environment.B there is a man behind each successful woman.C workplace should be changed to reward women.D women become successful on their own.72. In the last paragraph, the author of this passage suggests that ___A men start to do things differently for women’s sake.B women ask men for help whenever necessary.C women become independent and self-reliant.D women stop competing with men at work.73. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A Women-Stop ‘Leaning” and Start LeadingB Men-Be Helpful at Home and at Work.C Men and Women—Who Is Superior?D Men and Woman—How Different Are They?74. The author seems to be _____ these articles by Sheryl Sandberg and Adam Grant.A interested inB critical about Cconvinced by D encouraged byPassage FiveImagine a world without alcohol sponsorship of sport and without drinks ads on TV. You’re imagining France, the country with a heavy drinking rate one sixth that of Ireland. It’s a country where there is a genuinely sensible and mature approach to alcohol----with a range of regulations for the alcohol industry.To be certain, people drink in France----there is alcoholism and serious issues for public health there, just as in other societies where alcohol is available----but in France, the trend is downward and heavy drinking isn’t group activity where getting drunk is the objective.The drinks industry in Ireland is pitilessly efficient and deeply rational----like any multi-billion euro industry, knowing how to get people to drink more, how to grow amarket, how to cultivate the next generation of drinkers and how to put them on the value addition conveyor belt.The economics of drinking is strikingly obvious. A massive diversity of products at a massively wide range of prices, with a staggering diversity of lifestyle messages and marketing approaches to segment and divide the market. We start with the young drinkers, who don’t have a whole l ot of money----for young men there’re the thin aluminum can beers which promise European sophistication and precious metals. For the ladies there are the lighter alcohols and coolers, which promise to have one laugh uncontrollably into the night with your equally attractive mid-twenties friends, often with a three-for-two offer.The next stage in the process is to get the drinker into the bottled beers and shift the ladies towards whiskey. In summer, everyone is encouraged to dedicate time to quenchingthe thirst with juice---and to move on from there. At each life stage there is a higher-value drink product targeted at our aspirations and an encouragement to get some of the good life. The drinks industry reminds us to tame our animal side with a trip to their website saying that ‘enjoying a drink may be a part of Irish culture…’ and, at the start of an article on the possible health benefits of cutting down on alcohol, states: “Lots of people associate moderate drinking with relaxation and fun.”The drinks industry needs young drinkers----it cultivate drinkers as early as possible, but it cultivates partners and harvests goodwill as well.75. Which of the following statements is true about France?A No one consumes an excessive amount of alcohol.B There are no strict regulations for the alcohol industry.C Sport can be sponsored by alcoholproducers.D There are no TV commercials related to alcohol.76. The underlined words in Paragraph 3 imply that the drinks industry in Ireland___A cares about the health of consumersB is good at boosting sales of alcohol.C has enjoyed quite high productivityD tries to make money by illegal means77. Paragraph 4 and 5 are focused on ____the drinks industry.A the economic employed byB the wide range of products ofC various lifestyle messages fromD health benefits associated with78. The drinks industry has been working hard to increase its sales by ____A telling consumers the truth about the harm of alcohol.B encouraging consumers to use the same drink product.C targeting at young drinkers exclusively and。
2016年考研英语真题及解析全(纯干货)
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence __1__ firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. __2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking __3__ for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the __4__ and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would __5__ the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness __6__ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__ enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were __8__. But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities __9__ why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various __10__ that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was __11__ to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally __12__ even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors __13__ to “less con fined decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__ managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was __15__ stronger in places where happiness was spread more __16__. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least __18__ at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help __19__ how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and __20__ R&D more t han the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart A:Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points)Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instan ce, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” l anguage they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem and organize the results — apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ______.[A] complete future job training [B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses [D] perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their ______.[A] experience [B] academic backgrounds[C] career prospects [D] interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ______.[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______.[A] compete with a future army of programmers[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax” (Para.6) is closest in meaning to ______.[A] challenge [B] persuade [C] frighten [D] misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands —once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe sa id.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far, environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough. “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is ______.[A] its drastically decreased population[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] the insistence of private landowners27. The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______.[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer agencies in action[C] granted less federal regulatory power[D] went against conservation policies28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ______.[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______.[A] the federal government [B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners [D] the states30. Jay Lininger would most likely support ______.[A] industry groups [B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups [D] the plan under challengeText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to fre e up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning —or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading —useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future come s at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too — providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because ______.[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ______.[A] update their to-do lists [B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through [D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps ______.[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set [B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading [D] achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if ______.[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be ______.[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading [B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals [D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is ______.[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ______.[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ______.[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that ______.[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C] His p arents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part B:Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra Subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[1] Be silly[2] Have fun[3] Ask for help[4] Express your emotions[5] Don’t overthink it[6] Be easily pleased[7] Notice thingsAs adults, it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than wedo as grownups. Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41. _____________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then——again, like children——move on.42. _____________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was over joyed, and couldn’t stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will he the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43. ______________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44. ___________The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with- work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important th at we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) -it doesn't matte r, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.45. __________Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.” And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see,and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV Writing47. Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1) thank him, and2) give your advice.You should write about 100 words on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 point)48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案Section I Use of English1.C2.B3.D4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.A10.B11.A12.B13.A14.D15.C16.D17.C18.C19.A20.BSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart A21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.C28.A29.D30.C31.D32.B33.D34.A35.B36.B37.C38.D39.D40.CPart B41.C42.E43.A44.B45.DSectionⅢTranslation【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客尽可能长时间的停留在店中。
2016年管理类联考综合、英语二真题与答案
2016年管理类联考英语（二）试卷Section I Use of En glishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B],[C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently.They 're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recentresearch paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D( researchand development ). That 's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer -term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come withhappiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities ' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms ' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that 's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various10 that might make firms more likely to in vest - like size, in dustry, and sales —and for in dicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong where mostpeople are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn 't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer- term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It 's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would bemore forward- thinking and creative and 20 R&Dmore than the average, ” said one researcher. 参考答案：(华章提供)：C 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] whenB 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusionD 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessaryfor younger firms, which the authors 13 to process ”and the possible presence ofmore likely to be influenced by sentiment. “less codified decision makingyounger and less 14 managers who are ” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seemto invest more in placesC 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realismD 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] changeB 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumedA 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] OftenD 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquarteredA 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasizeB 10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methodsA 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliableB 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] brokeA 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compareD 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experiencedA 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] neverD 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equallyC 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] SinceC 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikesA 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] shareB 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. Whenyounger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking downproblems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they getto college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the manycoding bootcamps that's becomepopular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easierto ______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has consideredtheir _______[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24. ____________________________________________________________________ A c cording to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ________________________[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25. ___________________________________________________ The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to _____________________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---akind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. andwith the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWSand the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWSalso set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26. ___________________________________________________ The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is __________________________ .[A] its drastically decreased population[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] the insistence of private landowners27. __ The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer agencies in action[C] granted less federal regulatory power[D] went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will notbe prosecuted if they ____ .[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D] _______________________________________________________promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29. _______________________________________________________According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in ____________________________.[A] the federal government[B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners[D] the states30. ____________________________________ Jay Lininger would most likely support .[A] industry groups[B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups[D] the plan under challengeText 3That every on e's too busy these days is a clich e . But one specific compla int is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in myexperience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward com muni cati on •…It is not simply that one is in terrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manageonly goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressureto .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe theywill advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back,he is struck that his parentscould provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class homewith parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Be silly[B] Have fun[C] Ask for help[D] Express your emotions.[E] Don't overthink it[F] Be easily pleased[G] Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41 _____ [D] Express your emotions(2) What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. Whenhe's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotionsso they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirtunder a carpet and can even makeus ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42 _____ [ F] Be easily pleasedA couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43 _____ [ A] Be sillyHave you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in ourbodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44 _____ [B] Have funThe problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of seriousstuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45 _____ [E] Don't overthink itHaving said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much timeas possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you ' ll see, and the more stuff you see, the moreyou' ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state ofinformation overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too muchfor us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally —which isthe point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.参照译文(华章提供)：超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间来购物。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案(完整版)
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity we re correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more lik ely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ thi s doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the fut ure. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
2016考研英语真题
2016考研英语真题Introduction: 2016 Postgraduate English Exam PaperThe 2016 Postgraduate English Exam is an important assessment for students applying for postgraduate programs in China. This article aims to provide a detailed analysis of the 2016 English exam paper and discuss strategies for effective preparation.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2016 English exam paper consisted of multiple passages, each followed by several questions. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including science, literature, and history. This section assessed candidates' ability to understand and interpret written information.Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarThe vocabulary and grammar section evaluated candidates' knowledge and understanding of English vocabulary and grammar rules. It included various types of questions, such as fill in the blanks, sentence completion, and error identification. This section tested candidates' ability to apply vocabulary and grammar rules accurately in context.Section 3: TranslationThe translation section required candidates to translate sentences from Chinese to English. This section examined candidates' language proficiency and their ability to accurately convey meaning between the two languages.Section 4: WritingThe writing section required candidates to write an essay on a given topic. Candidates were expected to express their thoughts clearly, organize their ideas logically, and demonstrate good writing skills. The essay topic for the 2016 exam was "The Impact of Technology on Society."Conclusion:The 2016 Postgraduate English Exam was a comprehensive assessment of candidates' English language proficiency. It tested their reading comprehension skills, vocabulary and grammar knowledge, translation abilities, and writing skills. To perform well in this exam, candidates should develop effective strategies for each section and allocate their time wisely during the examination. With diligent preparation and practice, candidates can improve their chances of success in the Postgraduate English Exam.。
2016年管理类联考综合试卷英语真题答案
2016年管理类联考综合试卷英语部分真题答案参考答案：1.how2. In particular3. necessary4. optimism5. change6. measured7.Sure8. headquartered9. explain 10. factors 11. desirable 12.held 13. attribute 14. experienced 15. also 16.equally 17. While 18. hints 19. shape 20. lean towardsPart A:Text 1：21.remodel the way of thinking22.interest23. help students learn other computer languages24.become better prepared for the digitalized world25.persuadeText 2：26.its drastically decreased population27.went against conservation policies28.volunteer to set up an equally big habitat29.the states30.the win-win rhetoricText 3：31.what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.make passing time fulfilling33.achieve immersive reading34.reading becomes your primary business of the day35.How to Find Time to ReadText 4：36.having a family with children37.attach importance to pre-marital finance38.reach almost all aspects of American life39.getting established is harder for the young40.His parents' good life has little to do with a college degreePart B:41.Express your emotions42.Be easily pleased43.Be silly44.Have fun45.Don't overthink it46.参照译文:超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间来购物。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness __6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. __7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier .But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more lik ely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was __15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. __17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer s doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer -term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the fut ure. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize 第 1 页 共 18 页2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of English 第2 页 共18 页10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out 1. [标准答案] [C]how [考点分析] 连词辨析连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题以及答案
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, １those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up :The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warms [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting ex treme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep ---and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states: “we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main to ol of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards ofa particular industry.21. According to the first Paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for __________[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A C hallenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green bel ts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative---the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside __________[A] didn’t start t ill the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family[D] is not well reflected in politics27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being_____[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author show his appreciation of________[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist. “That is, to use its resources and engage in ac tivities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) polic ies as a waste of shareholders’money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies ---at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a com pany’s products as an indirect way to d onate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its me rits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Frie dman’s statement about CSR with_______[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_______[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient” (line 2, Para.4) is closest in meaning to_______[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record_______.[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks –isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figur ing out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, yo u could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital–only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s b etter to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to_____.[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should_____.[A] seek new sources of leadership[B] end the print sedition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”______.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world______.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your print Newspapers a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range ofoptions is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s t he best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular ly helpful duringtransitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professio nal photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of i nnate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: C-D-C-B-C6 - 10: A-B-C-D-A11-15: D-D-B-A-C16-20: A-B-D-C-BSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21 – 25 : B-D-A-C-A26 – 30: D-A-D-B-D31 – 35: B-A-C-A-B36 – 40: A-D-B-C-CPart B (10 points)41 – 45 : C-G-D-E-FPart C (10 points)46. 我们不用去学习如何保持心理健康，因为它是与生俱来的，就好像我们的身体知道如何让伤口自愈，如何修复伤骨。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《英语二》真题及详解
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《英语二》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of English (总题数：1，分数：20.00)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places. 17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinkingand creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher. （分数：20.00）A.whyB.whereC.how √D.when【解析】根据空格所在句子可以看出，空格处应该是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词，做influence的宾语。
2016研究生管理类联考英语答案解析
2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案(完整版)(注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.1.[A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2.[A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3.[A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4.[A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5.[A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6.[A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7.[A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often8.[A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9.[A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10.[A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12.[A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare14.[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced15.[A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16.[A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17.[A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18.[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20.[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act1-10 题答案：CBDCD BADAB11-20 题答案：ABADC DCCABSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.C ortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier t o[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.I n delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their[A]experience[B]interest[C]career prospects[D]academic backgrounds23.D eborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.A ccording to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected t o[A]bring forth innovative computer technologies[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]compete with a future army of programmers25.T he word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to[A]persuade[B]frighten[C]misguide[D]challenge21-25 题答案：BBACAText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.T he major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is .[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.T he "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.I t can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted i f they .[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.A ccording to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in .[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.J ay Lininger would most likely support .[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challenge26-30 题答案：ADBDBText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and。
2016年管理类联考综合、英语二真题及答案
2016年管理类联考英语（二）试卷Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark ［A], [B］, ［C］or ［D] on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）Happy people work differently。
They're more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work，too。
Companies located in places with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。
2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D （research and development ）。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer—term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk—taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。
So they compared U。
S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms’ investment and R＆D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 。
2016年MPA英语真题
2016年MPA英语真题Dwould ___5___the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness___6___by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.___7___enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were ___8___.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities ___9___why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various ___10___that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was ___11___to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally ___12___even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors ___13___to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less ___14___managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was ___15___stronger in places where happiness was spread more ___16___.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.___17___this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least ___18___at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help ___19___how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and ___20___R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how[D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect[D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism[D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil[D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented[D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed[D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels[D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable[D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged[D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer[D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious[D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also[D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly[D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While[D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints[D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify[D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon'sSchool of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, aninstructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and atleast a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up theodd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours,minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book withthem[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favorcommunities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job aftergraduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by theyoung will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challengingPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art —— and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy, instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______C________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviors, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take thisprocess too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then——again, like children——move.42._____E________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._______A_______________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting offinfections. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.______B_____________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with——work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) --it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________D________Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by-product of the way they live.Part C Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.参考译文超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽可能长的时间。
2016年管理类联考综合、英语二真题及答案【范本模板】
2016年管理类联考英语(二）试卷Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark ［A], ［B], ［C］or [D］on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently。
They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work，too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。
2 ，firms in happy places spend more on R＆D ( research and development )。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer—term thinking 3 for making investments for the future。
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk—taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S。
cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。
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2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士联考2016年管理类专硕联考英语(二)试题及详解考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则2. 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
3. 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。
4 .交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greate r risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence___1___firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.___2___, firms in happy places spend more on R&D ( research and develo pment ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking ___3___ for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the ___4___ and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would ___5___the way compa nies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness___6___by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.___7___enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were ___8___.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities ___9___why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various ___10___that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was ___11___to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally ___12___even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors ___13___to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less___14___managers who are more likely to be influenced by se ntiment.” The relationship was ___15___stronger in places where happiness was spread more ___16___.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.___17___this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least ___18___at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help ___19___how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and ___20___R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcampsthat's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued thatthe" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (W AFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challengingPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art —— and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy, instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______C________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviors, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then——again, like children——move.42._____E________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a SupermanT-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._______A_______________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infections. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.______B_____________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with——work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) --it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________D________Having said all of the abov e, it’s important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by-product of the way they live.Part C Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the m ore stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.参考译文超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽可能长的时间。