同位语从句与定语从句区别很经典的区别,有配套练习与答案
同位语从句和定语从句的区别是什么 如何区分
同位语从句和定语从句的区别是什么如何区分定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用,有主次关系,先行词可为任何名词.同位语从句和前面的名词是并列关系,前面的名词一般包含着内容,如NEWS.定语从句引导词在从句中充当某种句子成分,同位语从句引导词在从句中不担当任何成分.同位语从句和定语从句的区别1同位语从句和定语从句的区别一,作用不同:同位语从句是解释说明名词的具体内容。
定语从句没有说明名词的具体内容,而是修饰某个名词或者代词。
二,可用同位语从句说明的名词大多数是抽象名词,主要有news , idea, fact, belief, question, truth, word(消息), doubt, evidence,order(命令)。
而定语从句所修饰的词既可以是抽象名词,也可以是具体的名词。
既可以是名词,也可以是those,anything,anybody,all这样的代词。
三,从句引导词不同:一般情况下,引导同位语从句的词主要是that。
当名词是question或者problem的特殊情况下,用于提问的疑问词一般都可以用在同位语从句中。
这包括:which, who, where, when, what , why等疑问词。
而定语从句中,一般情况下,that,which ,who,where ,where,why ,how等都可以引导定语从句。
2如何区分同位语从句和定语从句如果名词后的that从句是完整的,就是同位语从句;如果从句缺少主语或宾语,就是定语从句。
That从句在所有名词性从句中,都只是连接主从句的连词,没有任何意义,不在从句中充当句子成分;That从句在定语从句中是关系代词,不但连接主从句,还要指代被修饰的名词和代词(即先行词)在从句中做主语或宾语,也就是说定语从句中必定少个主语或宾语!。
高三语法复习 同位语从句及其与定语从句的区别(习题带答案)
同位语从句同位语,就是用来补充说明名词的成分。
当我们用一个完整的句子来补充说明名词时,即构成同位语从句。
所以同位语从句都是位于一个名词后面,用来进一步说明前面的名词的内容,这个名词就是同位语从句的先行词。
名词性从句分别是由陈述句,一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变化而来。
一、陈述句作同位语The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.同位语从句可能与其修饰的名词被其他成分隔开。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.一、一般疑问句作同位语They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.二、特殊疑问句作同位语I have no idea when he will return同位语从句主要是由that引导,而很少用whether以及连接代词或连接副词引导,这是因为我们多是用陈述句来补充说明名词的内容,而很少用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句来补充说明名词的内容。
同位语从句练习请选择最佳答案填空。
1. No one knows exactly .A. how did speech beginB. how speech beganC.how the beginning of speechD. of how beginning speech2. It is obvious on more important things.A. which the money should we spendB. what the money should we spendC. that the money should we spendD. that we should spend the money3. hard water does not mix well with soap.A. That is a well-known factB. That is a well-known fact in whichC. It is a well-known fact thatD. It is a well-known that4. every magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field.A. It believes thatB. It believed thatC. It is believed thatD. Its believing|5. was to return to school.A. That really interested himB.what really interested himC. Which really interested himD.That interested him really6.Stopping pouring polluted water into the river is the factory has to solve at present.A. WhatB. thatC. whichD. why7. the mass of the nucleus is slightly less than the total mass of the protons and neutrons which made up the nucleus.A. It found thatB. It was found thatC. It was found forD.It finds that8.He wondered .A. what will be his wife's reactionB. what would his wife's reaction beC. how would be his wife's reactionD. what his wife's reaction would be9. He asked me I intended to do after my graduation.A. that whatB.whatC. thatD.which10. Listening carefully to in class means less work later.A. what does the teacher sayB. what the teacher saysC. that the teacher saysD. which the teacher says11. After the accident, I opened my eyes slowly and realizedI was still alive.'A. ThatB. whetherC. whatD.which12. John didn't say ______he would return, but I presume he'll be back for dinner.A. that whenB. whenC. if or notD.where13. He works too hard. That is is wrong with him.A. that whichB. that whatC. whatD.the thing what14. to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces,A. Danger can beB. What can be dangerousC. They can be dangerousD. While danger15. According to some educators, the goal of teaching is to help students learn what to know to live a well-adjusted and successful life.A. do they needB. they needC. they are neededD.as they may need16. the trainer wanted to tell is Asian elephants are easier to tame than African ones.A. That, thoseB. What, thatC. What, theD.that, the17. the London Zoo will adopt as a measurement at the critical moment is to try all ways preserving the animals in the zoo.A. ThatB. WhatC.itsD.whether18. The problem now is we can adopt to overcome the difficulties in shortage of funds.A. what measureB. that measureC. measure thatD.measure which19. The mountain was many animals, such as wolves, badges and rabbits once haunted but now it is so silent.A. that placeB. whereC. WhatD.then20. The reason we're so late is .A. because of the car breaking downB. due the care broke downC. that the car broke downD. because the car broke down21. The question is can be put into practice.A. how you have learnedB. how that you have learnedC. that why you have learnedD. how what you have learned22. There are signs restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A. ThatB. whichC. in whichD.whose23. that the first cheese was probably made more than 4, 000 years ago by nomadic tribes in Asia.A. The beliefB. Although they believeC. It is believedD.believing24. In the fourteenth century, that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven,A. the discoveryB. it was discoveredC. with the discoveryD.if it was discovered25. We were all overjoyed at the news the experiment turned out a success.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. what答案:1-5:B D C C B 6-10: A B D B B 11-15: A B C B B16-20: B B A B C 21-25: D A C B B。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句与定语从句从形式上来看十分相似,大多都由that来引导,都跟在名词或代词之后,这也很容易导致同学们在理解或做题时出现错误,而这两者在实质上是截然不同的,句法功能都有所不同,具体有哪些不同呢?下面我们从以下四个方面来进行区别。
1、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等,如:The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
(同位语从句,that在从句中不充当任何成份)The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(定语从句,that在从句中作gave的宾语)2、引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
3、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。
如:The news that l have passed the math exam is true.我通过了数学考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容)The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息)4、定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea, fact, hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question, belief,conclusion等少数名词。
高考英语点点通——同位语从句和定语从句的区别
2021年高考英语之同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词;而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。
如:We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。
(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。
(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。
(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。
(定语从句)2. 从性质上区别定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用,功能上相当于形容词;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,是名词的具体内容,属于名词性从句的范畴。
如:The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
<同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息>The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
<定语从句, 指他告诉我的消息。
>I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。
定语从句和同位语从句的区别例句
定语从句和同位语从句的区别例句
当别人说他有一个好的建议,但是绕了半天也没说出来到底是啥好主意,那么他基本用的就是定语从句。
相反如果他说的话让你知道这个建议的内容是什么,那么他用的就是同位语从句。
扩展资料
同位语从句与定语从句:
同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同,具体表现在以下几个方面:
1、被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
2、从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的.具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
3、引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
4、引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
5、判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别(很经典的区别,有配套练习测试与参考答案)
同位语从句与定语从句的区别(配练习与答案)一、复习定语从句1.定义:该句子在复合句中作定语,像形容词一样起修饰作用。
2.特点:1)用陈述句语序。
2)去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。
3.位置:位于所修饰的名词之后,该名词叫做先行词。
4.引导词:1)关系代词:a)在从句中可做主语,宾语,定语。
b)分为:先行词为人:who(主,宾),whom(宾),whose(定),that(主,宾)先行词为物:which(主,宾),that(主,宾),whose(定)eg:TheladywhoisstandingbehindTomismysister.ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.c)关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。
2)关系副词:a)在从句中作状语。
b)分为:when,where,whyeg:HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.新内容:1.词类:同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词Ican’tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.2.性质:同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。
Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.3.引导词:a.同为that引导:同从中,that不充当任何成分,不可省;定从中,that作主,宾。
作宾语时可省。
b.同为疑问词引导,同从可用what,whether,how等,定从不可;同从引导词表疑问,定从不表疑问Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.Irememberthedaywhenhetoldmethathelovedme.一,单选。
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
同位语从句和定语从句一样通常都放在由名词充当的先行词后面, 且其先行词和关联词特点与定语从句先行词及关联词特点十分相似,极易混淆,不过两者的区别还是十分明显的。
1. 从句性质不同同位语从句属于名词性从句,是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词;而定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征,起修饰或限制的作用,与先行词的关系是修饰与被修饰的关系,从句相当于形容词。
例1:The plan that you will go there next week has to be changed.你准备下周去那里的计划得改变.析:认真分析语境含义及句子结构可知,从句为The plan的具体内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The news that he told me was false.他告诉我的消息是假的。
析:认真分析语境含义和句子结构可知,从句是用来修饰The news的, 因此该句为定语从句。
2.关联词作用不同定语从句的关联词在从句中作主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,而同位语从句的关联词在从句中不担任成分。
例1:The plan tha t I”ll stay there for a week can”t come true.我要在那儿呆一周的计划不能实现。
析:分析句子成分可知,that在从句中不作任何成分,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The plan that he raised was reasonable.他提出的计划合理。
析:that在从句中作宾语,因此该句为定语从句。
3.同位语从句先行词不同同位语从句的先行词就是被同位语从句修饰的名词,因为它和同位语从句在内容上相同,因此常为一些体现一定内容的名词,如:hope, plan, fact, news, problem, truth, idea, information等,此时同位语从句具体介绍这些名词的内容。
同位语从句的先行词虽然体现同位语从句的内容,但在同位语从句中并不充当成分。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。
如:The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
)The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。
)2、关系词在句中是否做成分。
如:The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
(that在从句中不充当任何成份。
)The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(that在从句中作gave的宾语。
)表语从句这个问题令人困惑。
主语+连系动词+形容词作表语The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。
主语+连系动词+句子作表语(表语从句)He has become a teacher.他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10 年前想成为的。
His suggestion is good.他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。
The question is confusing.这个问题令人困惑。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。
如何区别定语从句与同位语从句
如何区别定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句和同位语从句是两种不同的从句类型,可以通过以下几个方
面进行区别:
1.位置不同:定语从句通常位于被修饰名词的后面,而同位语从句通
常位于所说明的名词短语的后面。
例子:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (定语从句)
His belief that hard work pays off is admirable. (同位语从句)
2.作用不同:定语从句用于给出额外的信息来修饰或限制被修饰名词,而同位语从句用于给出同位补充说明、解释或重述被说明名词。
例子:The car that is parked outside is mine. (定语从句,修
饰名词"car")
I have no doubt that she will succeed. (同位语从句
3. 引导词不同:定语从句通常由关系词如that, which, who/whom, whose等引导,而同位语从句通常由连词如that, whether/if, how等引导。
例子:The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister. (定语
从句,引导词为"who")。
同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别
同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别同位语从句和定语从句都是从句的一种形式,用于修饰名词或代词,但它们在用法上有着一些不同之处。
同位语从句和定语从句的用法区别主要体现在以下几个方面:一、位置不同同位语从句通常置于名词或代词之后,起到对名词或代词进行解释或说明的作用。
而定语从句通常置于被修饰名词之后,用来对名词进行进一步修饰。
二、作用不同1. 同位语从句:同位语从句通常用来对名词或代词进行解释或解说,并且在句中起到同位语的作用,说明或补充名词的具体内容。
例如:- 他的目标是,他能够学好英语。
- 我知道的是,他已经离开了这个城市。
在这些例句中,同位语从句分别对名词"目标"和"我知道的"进行解释,并且与之构成同位关系。
2. 定语从句:定语从句主要是对名词进行进一步的修饰,并且在句中充当定语的角色。
例如:- 我喜欢的那本书是我的朋友推荐的。
- 坐在那里的那个人是我的老师。
在这些例句中,定语从句分别对名词"书"和"那个人"进行进一步的修饰,起到补充说明的作用。
三、引导词不同1. 同位语从句:同位语从句通常由一些引导词来引导,常见的引导词有"是"、"就是"、"意思是"等。
例如:- 他的目标是,他能够学好英语。
- 我知道的是,他已经离开了这个城市。
在这些例句中,"是"和"知道的是"就是同位语从句的引导词。
2. 定语从句:定语从句则由关系词来引导,常见的关系词有"关系代词"如"who"、"which"、"that",还有"关系副词"如"when"、"where"、"why"等。
例如:- 我喜欢的那本书是我的朋友推荐的。
定语从句和同位语从句的区别(完整版)
1. 定语从句是形容词从句,其句法功能相当于一个形容词,与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况;而同位语从句是名词性从句,其作用相当于一个名词,与前面的名词是同位关系,是对前面的名词作进一步解释,即说明它前面名词的内容。
如:The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句)The news that I have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句)2. 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主系表”结构来表示,而定语从句则没有这种关系。
如:The news that he won the first place is true.他赢得冠军的消息是真的。
(同位语从句)若用“主系表”结构来表示,则是:The news is that he won the first place. 那个消息是他赢得了冠军。
3. 定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词,而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,possibility 等少数几个。
因此,引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。
可以引导定语从句的连接词有that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why 等。
可以引导同位从句的连接词有that,whether,when,where,how 等。
如:The factory which / that we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(定语从句)I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里得知一个消息,他今天下午不能来看你了。
同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别
同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别英语是世界通用语言,学好英语也是很重要的,下面是店铺收集整理的同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别,希望大家喜欢。
同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别篇1一、意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来。
如:We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。
(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。
(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)二、引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
三、引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的.宾语。
如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。
四、被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。
另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。
如:I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句与定语从句从形式上来看十分相似,大多都由that来引导,都跟在名词或代词之后,这也很容易导致同学们在理解或做题时出现错误,而这两者在实质上是截然不同的,句法功能都有所不同,具体有哪些不同呢?下面我们从以下四个方面来进行区别。
1、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等,如:The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
(同位语从句,that在从句中不充当任何成份)The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(定语从句,that在从句中作gave的宾语)2、引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。
3、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。
如:The news that l have passed the math exam is true.我通过了数学考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容)The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息)4、定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,fact,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,belief,conclusion 等少数抽象名词。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别主要有哪些不同
同位语从句和定语从句的区别主要有哪些不同同位语从句和定语从句的区别有作⽤不同、从句引导词不同、先⾏词在句中的作⽤不同、引导词作⽤不同等。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句形相似⽽实质不同,具体表现在以下⼏个⽅⾯:1)被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前⾯⼀般是数量有限的、表⽰抽象意义的名词;⽽定语从句的先⾏词是数量⽆数的指⼈或物的普通意义名词。
2)先⾏词(同位语词)在从句的作⽤不同:同位语从句表⽰同位名词的具体内容,从句具有解释和说明先⾏词的作⽤,并且先⾏词在从句中不做任何成分;⽽定语从句是对先⾏词的限制、描绘或说明,先⾏词在从句中做⼀定的成分。
3)引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能⽤于引导定语从句,但可⽤于引导同位语从句。
4)引导词的作⽤不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;⽽引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当⼀定的句⼦成分。
5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的基本⽅法(或称⼟办法):由于同位语从句是⽤以说明和解释被修饰名词的具体内容的,所以它可以转换成同位名词的表语,构成我们所讲过的五种简单句中的 ”主系表结构”: 主语(先⾏词或称同位语词)+表语(同位语从句);⽽定语从句则不能做这种转换。
同位语从句和定语从句的例句1) The mistakethat he madehas cost great loss to the company.他犯的错误使公司损失惨重。
2) It's a great mistakethat he took the book without permission.他未经允许就拿⾛了那本书,这是⼀个很⼤的错误。
3)We have to do something about the factthat the city centre is overcrowded with vehicles.我们必须对市中⼼车辆拥挤的情况采取些措施。
(完整word版)定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句和同位语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。
例如:1. We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。
2. We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例2中的that 从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步说明。
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。
例如:1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2. The fact that they didn’t finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。
例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中的that只起连接作用,引导从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。
例如:1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。
2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。
例1是定语从句,that可省略;例2是同位语从句,that不能省略。
3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
定语从句和同位语从句区别归纳
定语从句和同位语从句的差别【1 】一. 定语从句是形容词从句,其感化相当于一个形容词,是用来润饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其感化相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的.例如:1. We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的新闻.2. We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到新闻他博得了比赛.例1中的that从句的感化相当于一个形容词,其感化是润饰the news;例2中的that从句的感化相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步解释.二.定语从句的引诱词在从句中充当必定的成分,可作主语.宾语.状语等;而同位语从句中的引诱词在从句只起衔接感化,不作任何句子成分.例如:1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机械.2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面临事实,他们没有完成工作.例1中的引诱词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中的that只起衔接感化,引诱从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句.引诱从句的联系关系词that的功效不合:that引诱同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引诱定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分.三.引诱定语从句的联系关系词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引诱词一般不克不及省略,更不克不及被代替.例如:1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的新闻是真的.2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这新闻是真的.例1是定语从句,that可省略;例2是同位语从句,that不克不及省略.3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因照样不清晰.4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一设法主意引起我们的留意.例3中why引诱的是定语从句,why可以被 for which或 that 代替;例4中 why引诱的是同位语从句,why 不克不及省去,也不克不及被其它词代替.四.同位语从句与其所润饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间消失逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主+系+表”构造来暗示.例如:The news that he won the first place is true. 他博得冠军的谁人新闻是真的.上句若用“主+系+表”构造来暗示,则是:The news is that he won the first place. 新闻是他博得了冠军.意思合理,系表结构成立,故为同位语从句.五.定语从句所润饰.限制的先行词可所以各类名词,可以有复数情势;而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位,一般没有复数情势.例如:1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些.2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很放心,她女儿有可能不爱好上学.例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词,可用复数情势;例2中的possibility是抽象名词,后接的是同位语从句,一般不必复数情势.六.由when, why, where引诱的定语从句分离润饰或解释暗示时光.原因或地点的词,但它们引诱的同位语从句一般和气暗示时光或地点的词同位.例如:1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天.2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来.3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子.4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会,这个问题没有决议.例1.3中的when和 where引诱的是定语从句,day 和house分离暗示时光和地点;例2.4中的when和 where引诱的是同位语从句.众所周知,定语从句与同位语从句是中学英语语法的一个主要构成部分,都由连词that和副词when,where,why来引诱,看似情势雷同,现实上有着本质的差别.起首.我们看界说,定语从句是在复合句中润饰名词或代词的从句,句法功效与形容词雷同,是形容词性从句.而同位语从句是在复合句中,用以解释或解释某些特命名词的从句,句法功效与名词雷同,故是名词性从句.其次,我们分离来看看雷同的引诱词不合的寄义:由that引诱的定法从句和同位语从句的差别:试比较(l)The plan (that) Mr.Lee drew up last week was very good.(李师长教师上周提的计划很好.)(2)The plan that we should build another lad building was very good.(我们应当再造一个试验楼的计划很好.)例(l)中,that引诱的从句限制了先行词plan的规模,说明是李师长教师提出的计划,而不是此外什么人,但并未解释计划的内容,that在从句中作宾语,是关系代词,故可以省略,是以,该从句是个定语从句.例(2)that引诱的从句说清晰明了计划的内容,that在从句中不担任任何成份,只起连词感化,但又不克不及省略,是个从属连词,是以,该从句是个同位语从句.(3)The news that Jack brought us pleased everybody.杰克给我们带来的新闻,使大家觉得愉快.(和上述例(1))相仿,that引诱定语从句.)(4) The news that our team had won pleased everybody.我们球队赢球这个新闻,使大家愉快(和例(2)相仿,that引诱同位语从句)由此,可以从以下几点加以差别:(1)从语法角度上看,引诱定语从句的that是关系代词,不单起衔接感化,还在从句中担任句子成分,可作主语,宾语或表语,而that引诱同位语从句时,只是从属连词,没有其实的词汇意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,即从同本身构造完全.(2)从语意角度上看,定语从句的感化是限制它的先行词的规模或填补一些情形,和它前面的名词是从属关系,暗示“……的”,起润饰感化;而同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,感化则是阐述前面名词的内容.3定语从句的关系代词that在从句中作宾语时,经常可以省略(例(l)中的that可省略),而同位语从同中的连词that一般不克不及省略.4几乎任何一个名词都可以带定语从句,而只有在内容方面须要进一步解释的一些抽象名词如:idea, truth, hope, suggestion, thought, belief, doubt, fear, news, word, fact, promise, order, possibility等才可以带同位语从句.二.when,where和why既可以引诱定语从句,又可以引诱同位语从句,其配合特色是在两种从句中都担任状语,不合之处是,起首:它们作关系副词引诱定语从句时,句中有其响应的先行词,如when有暗示时光的先行词,where 有暗示地点的先行词,why有暗示原因的先行词,而它们作为衔接副词衔接同位语从句时,则没有响应的先行词.其次,when, where, why作关系副词引诱定语从句时,可以改为“介词+关系代词which”来引诱,而它们引诱同位语从句则不克不及如许改.试比较:(1) Do you still remember the year when (in which) you first began to learn English ?(定语从句)你还记得你最初学英语的那一年吗?(2) I have no idea when you began to learn English.(同位语从句)我不知道你从何时开端学英语的.(3) The school where (=in which) Bob studies is in the middle of the city.(定语从句)鲍勃就读的黉舍在市中间.(4) They asked me the question where they can find the books needed. (同位语从句)。
同位语与定语从句的区别和练习
同位语与定语从句的区别和练习注意,有的题不止一个答案。
1. (1) He made a promise ____ fooled the girl into believing him.(2) Paul made a promise ____ he would be good to Helen after they got married.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who2. (1) The proofs ____ you offered does not agreed with the fact.(2) Many proofs ____ the Nansha Island belong to China have been discovered on the right islands.A. whichB. thatC. whetherD. 不3. (1) We ought to often ask ourselves the question ____ we’ve made any prog re ss.(2) She asked me a question ____ put me into a difficult position.A. ifB. whetherC. thatD. 不填4. (1) The reason ____ man cannot live on sea water is that it contains too much salt.(2) For his fault he gave me a reason ____ sounded reasonable but actually coul dn’t stand water(站不住脚).A. thatB. whichC. whyD. 不填5. (1) The arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.(2) This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. whereB. thatC. about whichD. in which6. (1) God bless this ship and all that ____ in the ship.(2) The information that all the ships ____ for Shanghai has been proved.7. (1) During 1937 and 1945, Japanese aggressor troops killed more than 40 million Chinese, ____ is one in ten of the whole nation.(2) During 1937 and 1945, Japanese aggressor troops killed more than40 million Chinese, ____ we’ll never forget.A. thatB. whichC. thisD. 不填答案与简析:1. (1) A/B (2) A。
同位语从句和定语从句区别例句
同位语从句和定语从句区别例句1. 同位语从句:他有个梦想,那就是成为超级英雄拯救世界。
(“成为超级英雄拯救世界”就是对“梦想”的同位解释,直接等同)定语从句:他有个梦想,这个梦想像一颗遥远的星星,难以触及的那种,就是成为超级英雄拯救世界。
(“这个梦想”是先行词,后面的句子修饰它,像描述星星一样形容这个梦想)2. 同位语从句:我听到一个消息,我们明天不用上班啦。
(消息就是明天不用上班这件事本身)定语从句:我听到一个消息,这个消息像一阵突如其来的春风,就是我们明天不用上班啦。
(消息作为先行词,后面句子修饰它,把消息比喻成春风)3. 同位语从句:她有个想法,她要去月亮上种土豆。
(想法就是去月亮种土豆这件事)定语从句:她有个想法,这个想法像一个超级疯狂的冒险旅程,就是她要去月亮上种土豆。
(想法是先行词,后面句子修饰,把想法形容成冒险旅程)4. 同位语从句:他得到一个命令,马上停止手头的工作。
(命令就是马上停止工作这件事)定语从句:他得到一个命令,这个命令像一道紧急的闪电,那就是马上停止手头的工作。
(命令是先行词,后面句子修饰,把命令比作闪电)5. 同位语从句:我们有个约定,十年后再相见。
(约定就是十年后相见这件事)定语从句:我们有个约定,这个约定像一个漫长的等待游戏,就是十年后再相见。
(约定为先行词,后面句子修饰,把约定比喻成等待游戏)6. 同位语从句:他有个信念,他一定能成为百万富翁。
(信念就是能成为百万富翁这件事)定语从句:他有个信念,这个信念像一团永不熄灭的火焰,就是他一定能成为百万富翁。
(信念是先行词,后面句子修饰,把信念比作火焰)7. 同位语从句:我有个计划,暑假去北极看企鹅。
(计划就是暑假去北极看企鹅这件蠢事,当然北极没有企鹅啦,这是个玩笑,强调是计划本身)定语从句:我有个计划,这个计划像一个异想天开的童话,就是暑假去北极看企鹅。
(计划是先行词,后面句子修饰,把计划形容成童话)8. 同位语从句:她有个愿望,拥有一双能飞的翅膀。
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同位语从句与定语从句的区别(配练习与答案)
一、复习定语从句
1.定义:该句子在复合句中作定语,像形容词一样起修饰作用。
2.特点:1)用陈述句语序。
2) 去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。
3.位置:位于所修饰的名词之后,该名词叫做先行词。
4.引导词:1)关系代词:
a) 在从句中可做主语,宾语,定语。
b) 分为:先行词为人:who(主,宾),whom(宾),whose(定), that(主,宾)
先行词为物:which(主,宾), that(主,宾),whose(定)
eg:The lady who is standing behind Tom is my sister.
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
c) 关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。
2)关系副词:a)在从句中作状语。
b)分为:when , where, why
eg:He came last night when I was out.
新内容:
1.词类:同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词
I can’t stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.
His mother did all she could to help him with his study.
2.性质:同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。
The news that our team has won the game was true.
The news that he told me yesterday was true.
3.引导词: a. 同为that引导:同从中,that不充当任何成分,不可省;
定从中,that作主,宾。
作宾语时可省。
b. 同为疑问词引导,同从可用what ,whether,how等,定从不可;
同从引导词表疑问,定从不表疑问
I have no idea what has happened to him.
I remember the day when he told me that he loved me.
一,单选。
rmation has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while ??
B. that ??
C. when ??
D. as
2.It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.
A. what ??
B. that ??
C. when ??
D. as
3.She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A. it
B. which ??
C. this ??
D. that
4.I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
A. it
B. which ??
C. this ??
D. that
二,指出同位语从句和定语从句,并翻译指定的句子。
1.The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位语从句) (翻译)
2.We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句) (翻译)
3.Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)
4. The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. (定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省
略?) (翻译)
5.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. (定语从句)
6.His mother did all she could to help him with his study. (定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
7.The news that our team has won the game was true. (同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?) (翻译)
8.The news that he told me yesterday was true. (定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)
9.I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. (同位语从句,
补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)
10.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. (定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?) (翻译)
1.析:答案为B。
more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
应将该句区别于:
2.析:答案为B。
that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information 在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
3.析:答案为B。
分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。
应将该句区别于:
4.析:答案为D。
she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise 不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。