英语写作复习笔记

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初三英语笔记完整版

初三英语笔记完整版一、词汇篇1. 名词（1）可数名词：表示可以一个一个数清楚的名词，如：book、pen、student等。

（2）不可数名词：表示无法一个一个数清楚的名词，如：water、air、news等。

（3）名词复数：大部分名词在词尾加s或es变为复数形式，如：books、pens、students等。

2. 动词（1）动词时态：表示动作发生的时间，如：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

（2）动词短语：由动词和其他词组合而成的固定搭配，如：look after、take care of、get up等。

3. 形容词（1）形容词比较级：表示两者之间的比较，如：taller、thinner、richer等。

4. 副词（1）时间副词：表示动作发生的时间，如：now、then、always 等。

（2）地点副词：表示动作发生的地点，如：here、there、everywhere等。

5. 介词（1）表示时间：at、on、in等。

（2）表示地点：in、on、under等。

（3）表示方向：to、from、into等。

二、句型篇1. 简单句（1）陈述句：表示陈述事实，如：I like English.（2）疑问句：表示提问，如：Do you like English?（3）感叹句：表示强烈的感情，如：What a beautiful day it is!2. 并列句（1）并列连词：and、but、or等。

（2）并列句结构：两个简单句通过并列连词连接而成，如：I like English, but I don't like math.3. 复合句（1）主从句：由主句和从句构成，如：If it rains, we will stay at home.（2）从句引导词：that、who、which等。

三、语法篇1. 动词时态（1）一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或状态，如：I go to school every day.（2）一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态，如：I went to the park yesterday.（3）一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作或状态，如：I will go to Beijing next month.2. 句子结构（1）主谓宾结构：如：I love you.（2）主谓表结构：如：The flower is beautiful.（3）主谓双宾结构：如：My mother bought me a new book.3. 名词性从句（1）主语从句：如：What he said is right.（3）表语从句：如：The problem is who can help us.四、阅读理解篇1. 阅读技巧（1）快速浏览：先快速阅读全文，了解文章大意。

考研英语写作笔记

At last, there is little doubt that the lack of national supervision seems an indispensable role. The less authorities interrupt such illegal action, the more pervasive those matters keep.
First, you loveEnglish andIthink interest is the best teacher. then, if you learnedEnglish as your main course, you would become anEnglish teacher who can help so many Chinese to realize their dreams。at last, possibly, you could go abroad to teach foreigners how to study Chinese, as is a fantastic idea.
Dear XXX,howare you getting along these days? I miss you very much.
Dear XXX, your letter came into my hand yesterday.
写作目的与公务书信一致
3、第二段：和公务书信一致
4、第三段：So it is the very moment for me to do+文章目的+问候语
So you could consider my suggestion carefully, and make a prudent determination to have a bright future.

2022年考研英语小作文个人笔记(word版)

考研英语小作文（书信类应用文）写在前面：英语一英语二小作文都是考察应用文写作，也即书信类应用文，字数要求100词，实际写110词左右即可，不要过长更不要不足100词。

一些格式问题。

Dear XX顶格写，正文开头空四个字母，末尾Yours，Li Ming 右对齐。

考试中忘记写Dear或者Yours部分不要在意，一般不会扣分。

当然为了书信结构完整，请尽量不要忘记这两个小细节，实在忘记了不要过多得去纠结。

关于英语练字。

如果你备考时间充裕可以选择练字，如果时间不允许，可以把更多精力放在其他科目上，只需要定期模考或者摹写英语作文，考试时只需要保证卷面整洁，字体清晰，让阅卷老师舒服即可，也不必苛求自己一定写得多么艺术。

除本文外，还需回顾近十年小作文真题及其范文，其中投诉信多年未考查，你可以自己斟酌要不要准备这个类型的小作文。

08真题（英语一）：道歉+建议信Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot toreturn to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1）make an apology, and2）suggest a solution例文：Dear Bob:开头：我写此信的目的是为了向你道歉。

在离开加拿大时，我忘了把那盘披头⼠士乐队的CD还给你。

走的时候太匆忙了，我把所有东西都塞到⼠行李中，没有仔细检查。

当时要是多加注意的话，就不会犯这种低级错误了。

I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return the “the Beatles”CD to you when I left Canada. I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully. Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake.第二段：因为我知道你特别珍爱那盘CD，所以⼠一定要想办法解决这个问题。

(完整)英语写作复习笔记

1．修辞手法1.Simile 明喻Eg. O my love's like a red,red rose.That man can not be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel 黄鳝She likes an apple in her eyes.2.Metaphor暗喻Eg. The picture of those poor people's lives was carved so sharply in his heart that he could never forget it.There was a medieval magnificence about the big dining hall.The street faded into a country road with straggling houses by it.There was a few lordly poplars before the house.All his former joy was drowned in the embarrassment and confusion he was feeling at the moment.Independent would not be a trial seperation,but would be a painful divorce.3.Personification 拟人Eg . Youth is hot and bold,age is weak and cold.The match will soon be over and defeat is staring us in the face.The storm was raging and an angry sea was continuously tossing抛their boat.4.Metonymy 借喻转喻不直接说明而是以另外一个与之相关的事物来说明Sword and cross in hand,the European conquerors fell upon the Americas.When the war was over,he lay down the sword and took up the pen.弃武从文His purse钱包would not allow him that luxuryThe kettle boils 水开了The room sat slient. 全屋人安静的坐着。

整理笔记的英文作文

整理笔记的英文作文英文：When it comes to organizing notes, I have found that there are a few key strategies that work well for me.First and foremost, I always try to take notes in a consistent format. This means using the same headings,bullet points, and indentation for each set of notes. By doing this, I am able to quickly scan through my notes and find the information I need.Another strategy that has been helpful for me is color-coding. I use different colors to highlight key points, definitions, and examples. This helps me to quicklyidentify the most important information in my notes.In addition to taking consistent notes and color-coding, I also try to review my notes regularly. This can be doneby creating flashcards, summarizing my notes in a separatedocument, or simply reading through them before a test or presentation.Overall, I have found that these strategies have helped me to stay organized and retain information more effectively.中文：当谈到整理笔记时，我发现有一些关键策略对我很有效。

英语的平行世界中级写作笔记

英语的平行世界中级写作笔记In the parallel world of English writing, there areseveral key points to keep in mind when crafting your piece.First and foremost, it is important to have a clear understanding of the topic you are writing about. Make sureto do thorough research and gather all necessaryinformation before you begin writing. This will help you create a well-informed and engaging piece.Secondly, pay attention to your writing style. Use clear and concise language to convey your ideas effectively.Avoid using overly complex sentences or jargon that may confuse your readers.Additionally, make sure to structure your writing in a logical and organized manner. Start with a strongintroduction that grabs the reader's attention, followed by body paragraphs that develop your main points, and end witha conclusion that ties everything together.Moreover, don't forget to edit and proofread your work before submitting it. Check for grammar and spelling errors, as well as coherence and consistency in your arguments.It's always helpful to have someone else read your work and provide feedback.Overall, the key to successful writing in the parallel world of English is to be clear, concise, and well-organized. By following these tips, you can create compelling and effective pieces that will captivate your audience.在英语写作的平行世界中，有几个关键点需要记住。

作文英语笔记

作文英语笔记英语作文是学习英语过程中非常重要的一个环节。

通过写作练习,学生不仅可以提高英语表达能力,还能培养独立思考和逻辑表达的能力。

以下是我总结的一些英语作文的学习笔记,希望对大家有所帮助。

一、英语作文的重要性。

英语作文是学习英语的重要组成部分。

通过英语写作练习,学生可以:1. 提高英语综合运用能力。

写作需要运用听、说、读、写等各方面的语言技能,可以全面提高英语水平。

2. 培养独立思考和逻辑表达能力。

在写作过程中,学生需要梳理思路,组织语言,形成自己的观点和论点,这有助于培养独立思考和逻辑表达的能力。

3. 积累英语知识和表达习惯。

通过大量的写作练习,学生可以积累更多的词汇、语法知识,并形成良好的英语表达习惯。

4. 提高语言创造力。

写作需要学生运用想象力和创造力,通过语言的运用来表达自己的想法,这有助于提高语言创造力。

因此,英语写作作为学习英语的重要组成部分,对于提高学生的综合英语能力具有重要作用。

二、英语作文的基本要素。

一篇出色的英语作文需要包含以下基本要素:1. 主题明确。

作文需要有清晰的中心思想和论点,让读者一目了然。

2. 结构合理。

作文需要有明确的开头、主体和结尾,段落之间过渡自然,层次清晰。

3. 语言准确。

作文用词准确,语法规范,句子结构通顺,表达流畅。

4. 内容充实。

作文内容丰富,论点充分,有深度和广度,能引起读者的共鸣。

5. 观点鲜明。

作文体现作者独特的视角和见解,有自己的思考和评判。

6. 逻辑性强。

作文论证严密,论点与论据紧密相关,层层递进,让人信服。

掌握这些基本要素,有助于学生写出高质量的英语作文。

三、英语作文的写作步骤。

写好一篇英语作文需要经历以下几个步骤:1. 确定主题。

根据作文要求或自己的兴趣,确定一个有意义且有深度的主题。

2. 收集材料。

通过阅读、思考、讨论等方式,收集与主题相关的信息和素材。

3. 组织大纲。

根据主题,梳理思路,确定作文的开头、主体和结尾,并列出大纲。

4. 写作正文。

英语作文写作笔记

大作文段落分配：15=4 +（7~8）+ 4【40字+80字+40字】第一段（第一句）Describe/depict描述画面（宏观总括）The picture above gives us a vivid description of …..(two disabled people,此处不应详细描写)（第二句）just as（画面细节描述）（2）Just as we can see from the picture, …（第三句）just…go（谚语举例，可省略）（第四句）aim at图片设计的目的(点题)Obviously/Undoubtely, the picture aims at reminding (/convincing us) of……第二段(微观方面+宏观方面/个人+社会/正面论证+反面论证阐述主题的重要性或深刻含义)（第一大句）主题句（引言铺垫）…is extremely important to us, especially to…..。

The implied meaning of the drawing can be interpreted in terms of (从…方面)mutual help and coopration.（第二大句）第一层意思(1~2)/ （第二大句）第一层意思(1~3)正面论证As is known to us all,…..To begin with ,…（第三大句）第二层意思(1~2)/ （第三大句）第二层意思(1~3)反面论证Beside,…..（第四大句）第三层意思(1~2)/Last but not least,…..（第五大句）收尾再次强调主题词（1）As a result,…is essential to both…and…第三段（采取措施、提倡主题）(4)（第一句）Form all mentioned above,therefore,we can come to a conclusion that we should put great emphasis on…(主题)In my view ,some necessary measures must be taken to make people realize that…(主题)Therefore ,we should keep it in mind“名言”(第二句）(行动上怎么做)/（微观总结）First of all,…For one thing,..(第三句)（意识怎么做）/（宏观总结）In addition,…For another,…(第四句)(号召或预测)Only in these ways ,can we (build up a society full of harmony). Only by….,can …,and only in this way ,can…^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^小作文(致歉信)段落分配：2+3+3+1第一段（第一句）自报家门（背景）I am Li Ming. …. from…who…（第二句）写信目的（目的）Now ,I am writing ….to(目的)……for(由于)…第二段（描述事件过程）（第一句）介绍事件背景During ….., ….（第二句）介绍事件发生过程（第三句）:略表歉意I feel quite sorry for this.第三段：（解决办法）（第一句）办法一（第二句）让步，办法二第四段：（诚挚歉意）Again，please forgive me for the convenience caused you.写作范例：Dear sir.I am …and I intend to …because I learned from the newspaper that the children have been deprived of the right to…(背景目的原因) You need to make two factors into consideration when you are looking for such a candidate. on the one hand ,….on the other hand . the girl student with outstanding academic achievements will be preferred . （要求）I intend to carry out my plan as follows: for one thing …for another ,…（行动）I am looking forward to ….thank you in advance（致谢）英语句法：句前状语+前置定语（主语）+后置定语+状语（谓语）+补语+前置定语（宾语）+后置定语1）主+动The price is increasing due to ….2）主+动+宾In order to ensure good health ,we should develop good living habits Enhancing the …is ,in the long run, benefical to the stability of…3）主+动+主补(很少用)We are eager to turn our dreams into reality.4）主+动+间宾+直宾The social practice offers us multiple opportunities to apply what we have learn from books to the real practiceTraveling abroad offers us a good chance to have a better understanding of the western cultures , which is benefical to the friendship between the …and…5）主+动+宾+宾补The extensive use of internet has made our daily life more convenient and efficient than ever before .especially in the fields of…经典句型：Were it left to me to make a choice between the two points , Iwould not hasitate for a moment to prefer the former.It is hard to imagine what our life would be klike without energy. We should launch a worldwide campaign to bring …under control.主题句特点：不要太泛看，尽量规整，句子简洁，为下文做铺垫（数量词运用）提纲列法：只列关键词。

英语专业写作基础教程1-6单元笔记

The place of titlesThe title or the topic of the essay should be placed in the middle of the first line.（标题书写中应该注意的地方1.Every word of the title should be capitalized except articles,preositions,coordinating,conjunctions and to in infinitives.2.But if one of these words is the first or last word of the title, it should be capitalized.3.The title of a book within the topic should be underlined,and the title of an article should be put between quotation marks引号.）Word division即单词划分(当一行写到末尾时候，可能出现一个单词写不完的情况，这是需要用到单词划分。

)1．重读闭音节通常在辅音字母后面断开。

如，fin ish2．以辅音字母加le结尾的通常在辅音字母前断开。

如，peo ple 3．一个字母不能单独放在行中或行末。

4．以两个字母的后缀结尾的，不能在后缀处划分。

如，hand ed，hard en5．一页的最后一个单词不能被划开，且需写到下一页。

6．合成词应在练此符号出断开。

如，broad minded7．有两个连续相同辅音字母的双音节词，在相同的两个辅音字母中间断开。

如，lat ter8．人名应避免被拆开。

如，Dickens9．容易引起误解的应避免。

如，re ally，lay man10．连续几行的行尾单词划分需要避免。

CapitalizationCapitalized words are used mainly in three places: proper names, key words in titles, and the first words of sentences.Punctuation(标点符号)及其用途(一)The Comma （，）逗号1.A comma is used to join coordinate clauses, it is put before theconjunction.2.A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase, including aprepositional and a participial phrase before the subject, or inserted in the middle of the sentence.mas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with thesame function in the sentence:4.Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commasmas set off parenthetical elements6.In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the orderis month—day—year; no comma need be used if the order is day—month—year.7.With numbers of 1 000 or over, commas or little blank spaces may beused to separate digits by thousands. Form right to left, a commas is placed after every three numerals.(二)The Period （. ）句号1.The period is used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mildlyimperative sentence, and an indirect question.2.The period is used with most abbreviations.3.Three spaced period make the ellipsis mark, which indicates theomission of one or more words within a quoted passage.(三)The Semicolon （;）分号1.The semicolon is used between two coordinate clauses which are notlinked by a conjunction.2.Conjunctive adverbs like therefore, however, nonetheless, hence,otherwise, besides, moreover, etc., should not be used as conjunctions to link two coordinate clauses, before them there should be a semicolon, not a comma.3.The semicolon is used with conjunctions when the clauses containinternal punctuation.4.The semicolon is used to separate a series of items with internalcommas.5.A semicolon may be used to join clauses with words omitted, and theomission is sometimes indicated by a comma.(四)The Colon （：）冒号1.The colon is used to introduce a quotation or a statement.2.The colon is used to introduce an examination, a summary, or anappositive.3.The colon is used between the hour and the minute to show the time,to record the scores of games, to end the salutation of a business letter and the introductory remark of a spealer to the chairman and audience.(五)The Question Mark （？）问号1.The question mark is used after a direct question.2.The question mark is used after a statement turned into a question.3.A question mark put between parentheses indicates the writer’suncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word, figure or date.(六)The Exclamation Mark （！）叹号1.The exclamation mark is used after an exclamatory sentence, or anemphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion..2.Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan.(七)Quotation Marks（…）引号1.Double quotation marks are used to enclose direct quotations indialogue or from books or articles.2.Single quotation marks are used to enclose a quotation within aquotation.3.Indirect quotations are not enclosed by quotation marks.4.Quotation marks are used for titles of articles, essays, short stories,short poems, songs, etc., and for headings of chapters or subdivisions of books. Titles of books, newspapers and magazines are generally underlined or italicized.5.Words with special meaning are sometimes put between quotationmarks,(八)Parentheses/Brackets （（））圆括号1.Parentheses are used to set off parenthetical, supplementary, orillustrative words.2.Parentheses enclose figures or letters used for enumeration.(九)Square Brackets（【】）方括号1. Square Bracketsare used to indicate corrections or explanations in quoted matter made by the writer who is quoting .2. Square Brackets are used instead of parentheses within parentheses.(十)The Dash （—）破折号1.The dash indicates a break in thought or a change in tone, or aspeaker’s confusion or he sitation.2.The dash indicates an unfinished or interrupted statement.3.A pair of dashes set off a parenthetical element.4.The dash is sometimes used to introduce a summarizing clause after aseries of nouns.5.The dash is sometimes used just like quotation marks in a dialogue.6.The dash may be used to introduce subheadings and authors afterquotations.(十一)The Slash （/ ）间隔号1.The slash indicates alternatives, representing the word or or and\or2.The slash is used to separate lines in short quotations of poetry beingquoted in running text.3.When fractions are written in a sentence, a slash is used to separate thenumerator from the denominator.4.Sometimes the slash means “per.”四种句型及其用途Comma逗号——declarative sentence（陈述句）:makes an assignment or statementQuestion mark问号——direction question sentence（疑问句）:ask a questionExclamation mark叹号——Imperation sentence（祈使句）:express a command or a request Exclamatory sentence（感叹句）:express a strong feeling or emotionUnderlining and italics1.Titles of books, periodicals, newspaper, plays, movies, operas, andlong poems are underlined or italicized.2.Foreign words are often underlined or italicized.3.Words and letters referred to as such are underlined or italicized.s of ships, aircraft and tragic sinking of the titanic.5.Sometimes underlining or italicizing indicates emphasis.【Words】一、Type of wordsCommon wordsFormal and technical words：（political,legal,scientific,technical,bussiness,literary）Nonstandard words：（slang,jargon,dialectal and obsolete）二、Choice of wordse common or informal words for general purposes; use formal ornonstandard when only on special occasions or for special purposes. e specific and concrete words when giving details; use general orabstract words when making summaries.e idiomatic expressions and words in acceptable collocations; avoidcombinations and that are unidiomatic.4.When there are synonyms, choose the word that expresses themeaning most exactly and that suits the content and style.三、SynonymsThe english language is very rich in synonyms. This is partly due to the fact that english has over the centuries borrowed or absorbed tens of thousands of words from other languages, mainly Greek, Latin and French. Word of anglo-saxon origin are generally colloquial or informal, and they form a great part of the vocabulary that people use daily. Many of the words of greek, latin, and french origin are formal, learned or “big”; and are mainly used in formal writing or speech.四、Some good dictionaries1.Longman dictionary of contemporary english2.Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary of current english.3.Webster’s new word dictionary.4.Collins cobuild english language dictionary.【Sentences】一、Composed sentences 构建句子:①complete structure②begin with a capital letter③full stop, or a question mark, or an exclamation mark④a single complete idea二、Requirement of correct sentences及其对应错误pleteness in structure—fragment in structure2.the right subject—the wrong subject3.agreement between the subject and the predicate verb—disagreement between the subject and the predicate verb 4.agreement between pronoun and antecedent—disagreement between pronoun and antecedent5.clear pronoun reference—unclear pronoun reference6.ending sentences with full stops—ending sentences with no full stops7.joining clauses with conjuctions—joining clauses with no or wrong conjuctions8.a main claus in a complex sentence—no main claus in a complex sentence9.proper use of comparisons—improper use of comparisons10. correct use of the tenses—incorrect use of the tenses四、Quality of effective sentencesEffective sentences have the following quality:Unity（完整性）Coherence（连贯性）Conciseness（简明扼要性）Emphasis（强调）( ways of emphasis:placing, climactic sequence, subordination,the use of verbs in the active voice,balanced sentences平行结构,periodic sentences圆周句,negative/positive sentences,rhetorical question,loose sentences松散句)Variety（表达多样性）五、The difference between subordination and coordinationCoordination is tipically realized by coordinators which join units at the same level while subodination is realized by subordinators which distinguish the superodinate claus and the inferior clause.【Paragraph】一、Ways of developing a paragraphThere are many possible ways to develop a paragraph.（1）development by time（2）development by process（3）development by space（4）development by examples or generalization（5）development by comparison and contrast:(the difference between comparison and contrast :When we compare one thing with another, we show the similarities;when we contrast one thing with another, we show dissimilarities.) （6）development by cause and effect（7）development by classification（8）development by definition（9）development by combination of methods二、The steps of developing a paragraphFirst, think of the topic or theme or main idea,And express it in a complete sentence（topic sentence）.Then think of the details or examples or facts that may be used to support or explain the main idea.Work out the outline and arrange them in logical order.三、Features of a paragraphA effective paragraph must have a control idea, and this central idea may be expressed either explicitly in a topic sentence.【Summray】一、Definition (定义)A sumary is the gist or main theme of a piece of a piece of writing expressed in as few words as possible .it should be clear ,brief,and complete,with all the essential points included.二、Uses（用途）①summary writing enables people to get more out of their reading.②summary writing is also a very good exercise to teach us to express thoughts clearly,concisely and effectively.③summary writing has great practical value on grasping quikly and accurately what is read or heard.三、Procedure（步骤）⑴ reading⑵ writing⑶ revision四、Requirements(要求)A.we should be sure of the word limit required .B.we should use our own words to write a summary.C.we should convey the message fully and clearly.D. We should write in the logical order of the original passage.E. Compression (压缩)五、Ways（方法）A. Ommit the details 删除细节B. Reduce the examples 削减例子C. Refuse repeatness 避免重复D. Simplify the decription 简化描述E. Comprise wordy 全面用词F. Generable words 多用泛词e the shortest transitions 最简洁的过渡词H.inderect speech 间接引语【Composition 】一、Steps in writing a composition1.planning a composition( ① putting down all the relevant facts② thinking of a proper theme and deciding on our purpose③ re-examing our list of details and outlining )2.writing the fist draft3.revising the first draft4.making the final copy二、Parts in composition1. the beginning ——introduction(Ways of start a composition :start with …① relevant background material② the time and place of the event to be described③ a quotation④ a question⑤ a statement⑥ a figures or statistics⑦ a definition )2. the middle ——body3.the end ——conclusion三、Types of writing1.narration 记叙体2.exposition 说明文四、Criteria of a good composition (一篇好文章的标准)A good composition have something interesting and/or important,and if possible, something new , to say and that this “something”is expressed clearly, accurately, and appropriately. And we must decide on the purpose and audience of our writing and try to adapt the style and language to suit our purpose and audience.【Outline】一、Types of outline1. sentence outline: made up of sentences2.topic outline：consists of nouns and their modifiers, or their equivalents( =gerund phrases or infinitive phrases )二、Rules for writing outlinesIf we examine closely the two outline above, we may see that they follow these rules:（1）if there is a major point marked “Ⅰ”, there must be at least another marked “Ⅱ”;if there is an “a”, there must be a “b”, and so on.（2）a topic outline is written in noun phrase, and a sentence outline, in sentences. Sentences and phrase are not used together in the same outline. （3）parallel structure are used for the headings of the same rank. Subheads of like rank are of equal importance and are related to the heading and arranged in logical order.（4）the thesis is a complete declarative sentence, usually in the affirmative. It is not a question, a phrase, or a dependent clause, but one sentence which expresses our controlling idea.。

英语写作手册第三版笔记

英语写作手册第三版笔记第一部分复习笔记第一章文稿格式Ⅰ。

安排1页面布置(1)在纸张的上边缘留出2厘米，在左、右、下边缘各留出1、5厘米。

(2)用英语书写时，在纸的右侧留出空白，避免写到边缘。

2题目(1)位置：写在第一行的中间。

(2) 除了冠词、并列连词（and, or, but, nor, for）、介词和不定式to外，标题中所有词的首字母应大写。

比如：My Love for the Forbidden CityWhat Can the Tranlator Do in the Globalized WorldWhat Reform Mean to Chinee SocietyThe Origin of the “Negro Literature”(3)标点符号a。

标题后面没有句号。

b。

如果标题是一个问句，应插入问号；如果是一个间接引语中的问句，不必加问号。

c。

标题中被引用的部分应该加引号。

d。

书名应斜体显示或下划线标注。

3缩进每段开头缩进4至5个字母。

在文件的右上角使用阿拉伯数字标明（不带括号或句号）；可以不标明第一页。

5标点(1)逗号、句号、分号、冒号、问号和感叹号不得在行首使用，但必要时可在行尾使用。

(2)方括号和圆括号以及逗号的前半部分不得在行尾使用。

(3)连字符应在行尾使用。

Ⅱ。

大写大写字母主要用在句首，包含实词的标题，以及专有名词中。

1句子开头(1)完整的句子和作为句子使用的不完整的句子都应以大写字母开头。

(2)当引用语为完整的句子时，也应用大写字母开头，例如：She added, “My trip to Mountain Song wa intriguing but ehauting。

”(3)引文用逗号隔开，分成两部分，第二部分开头不必大写，例如：“My tour to Mountain Song,” he added, “wa intriguing but ehauting。

”2标题中的实义词题目中第一个单词和末尾单词的首字母需要大写，中间的实词需要大写，其中不需要大写的情况包括：冠词、并列连词（and, or, but, nor, for）、介词和to do不定式中的to。

大学英语四级考试重点笔记

6大学英语四级考试写作辅导笔记六类作文行文思路六类作文行文思路1. 现象解释型现象解释型2. 问题解决型问题解决型3. 对比选择型对比选择型4. 观点论证型观点论证型5. 记叙文记叙文6. 应用文应用文现象解释型写作模板---行文思路1 Topic首段（描述图表段）首段（描述图表段）⑴From/According to the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象. ⑵Asearly as 图表中最早的时间，当时的数据. ⑶Then 一段时间一段时间later, 图表中数据的变化/ And (However), by 图表中数据发生显著变化的时间，图表中数据的显著变化.中间段（说明原因段）中间段（说明原因段）⑷ There are many reasons accounting for 现象或变化. / Then why 产生该现象或变化.⑸Firstly ，原因一. ⑹ 进一步说明原因一. ⑺Secondly ，原因二. ⑻ Finally, 原因三. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果. )结尾段（阐述观点段/说明影响段/说明问题段）说明问题段）⑼As to me/ As far as I am concerned, "我"的态度相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题. ⑽For one thing, 理由一/影响一/问题一. ⑾Foranother/In addition/ Besides,理由二/影响二/问题二. ⑿ In brief/ To conclude, 总结全文（经常是提出建议或作出期望.现象解释型写作模板---行文思路2Topic首段（描述现象段）首段（描述现象段）⑴From/According to the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象. ⑵现象表现或变化（表现一、二/变化一、二.） ⑶The reason for this phenomenon are varied./ There aremany different factors influencing 该现象或其他情况/说清楚原因.中间段（说明原因/影响段）影响段）⑷Among these reasons/factors, 原因一原因一 plays a critical role. /Undoubtedly, 该现象该现象have brought great (negative) effect on 影响对象. ⑹ 进一步说明原因一/影响一. ⑺ Secondly ，原因二/影响二. ⑻ In addition, 原因三/影响三.结尾段（阐述观点段/说明影响段/说明问题段）说明问题段）⑼No doubt/From my point of view, 对该现象做出总体评价对该现象做出总体评价. ⑽ However,可能存在的问题./ it is worth noting that 应该注意的事项. ⑾ 进一步描述问题或注意事项. ⑿All in all/Therefore, 总结全文.问题解决型写作模板---行文思路行文思路Topic首段（描述问题段）首段（描述问题段）⑴Nowadays/recently/In recent years, 问题问题is becoming more and more of a problem/has become quite a serious problem in /has aroused widespread attention/concern from.⑵问题表现一/原因一/危害性一⑶What's worse/In addition,问题表现二/原因二/危害性二危害性二中间段（说明危害/原因段）原因段）⑷ It is very clear that 该问题该问题 is bringing great harm to 危害对象危害对象/There are many factors resulting in 该问题该问题 / ⑸Above all, 危害一/Among these 原因一原因一plays a vital role.⑹ 进一步说明危害/原因一. ⑺ What's more ，危害二/原因二.结尾段（说明方法段）结尾段（说明方法段）⑻Considering the seriousness of 该问题, it is an urgent thing for us to take effectivemeasures to 解决该问题. ⑼First of all 方法一.⑽进一步阐述方法一/Secondly,方法二.⑾Thirdly/In addition,方法三. ⑿ Only through these ways, can the problem be solved./To conclude,it is everyone's responsibility to take effort to solve the problem.对比选择型写作模板---行文思路1Topic首段（提出观点段）首段（提出观点段）⑴When it comes to 谈论主题, there is no complete agreement among people/differentpeople will offer different ⑵Some people take it for granted/believe 一种观点/选择⑶However,others maintain /prefer 另一种观点另一种观点/选择. 中间段（对比论证段）中间段（对比论证段）⑷ Those people who hold the first opinion/make the former choice believe 观点/选择一的理由一. ⑸ (In addition,) in their eyes, they maintain/point out 观点/选择一的理由二. ⑹ However,still others think differently/ do not agree this. ⑺In their opinions, 观点/选择二的理由一. ⑻Besides, they argue 观点/选择二的理由二.结尾段（总结观点段）结尾段（总结观点段） ⑼Weighing up these two argument/choices/preferences, I prefer/am inclined to theformer/the latter one/"我"的选择.⑽ For one thing,理由一. ⑾ For another/What's more,理由二. ⑿Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/ I may reasonably conclude/suggest 重申观点. / In a word, 提出建议.对比选择型写作模板---行文思路2Topic首段（提出观点段）首段（提出观点段）⑴Nowadays/In recent years, 一种现象. ⑵Some people 一些人的看法或做法,while others, 另一些人地看法或做法. ⑶ As to me, I prefer to/ am in favor of the former/latter.中间段（反面论证段）中间段（反面论证段）⑷ Of course, "我"不赞同观点的合理性. ⑸ For example, 支持其合理性的例./进一步阐述其合理性. ⑹ But it doesn't mean/it is worth noting that "我" 不赞同不赞同观点的不足. ⑺From my point of view/In my view, 我的不同观点.结尾段（正面论证段）结尾段（正面论证段）⑻The following reasons can account for/contribute to/support my argument. ⑼ First,理由一. ⑽ A good example to illustrate,支持理由一的例子/进一步说明理由一. ⑾ Second, 理由二.⑿ To conclude/From the foregoing,重申观点.观点论证型写作模板---行文思路行文思路Topic首段（提出观点段）首段（提出观点段）⑴Nowadays still many people believe/For years many people have such thought that 与论点冲突的背景观点或现象.⑵进一步说明背景观点或现象. ⑶However, 论点. ⑷The following reasons can support the argument.中间段（说明危害/原因段）原因段）⑸Undoubtedly, 论据一. ⑹进一步说明论据一. ⑺ Furthermore/Moreover,论据二. ⑻ For example ，支持论据二的事例/进一步说明论据二. ⑼ In addition/ What's more, 论据三.结尾段（总结观点段）结尾段（总结观点段）⑽ All mentioned above tell that 重申观点. ⑾ 进一步阐述论点. ⑿Therefore, we should正确态度或做法.记叙文写作模板---行文思路1Topic首段（描述背景段）首段（描述背景段）⑴背景事件⑴背景事件will come soon, 事件的重要性或意义.⑵There is no more appropriate time than this for 相关人员的态度或行动.⑶So on this special occasion, 我的愿望或打算.中间段（叙述经过段）中间段（叙述经过段）⑷ Now I still remember clearly 主题事件. ⑸Firstly ，原因一. ⑹ 进一步说明原因一.⑺Secondly ，原因二. ⑻ Finally, 原因三. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果. )结尾段（阐述观点段）结尾段（阐述观点段） ⑼As to me/ As far as I am concerned, “我”的态度相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题. ⑽For one thing, 理由一/影响一/问题一. ⑾Foranother/In addition/ Besides,理由二/影响二/问题二. ⑿ In brief/ To conclude, 总结全文（经常是提出建议或作出期望.）记叙文写作模板---行文思路2Topic首段（描述背景段）首段（描述背景段）⑴简要介绍事件发生的时间, I witnessed 总述目击事件.⑵ 事件给人印之处, which isstill vivid in my mind./该事件was so 事件的突出特点that I was left a deep impression.中间段（叙述经过段）中间段（叙述经过段） ⑶It was/happened 事件开始时间，when 当时的情形. ⑷ ( Suddenly, ) 事件的发展一. ⑸ 事件的发展二. ⑹ 事件的发展三. ⑺As a result, 事件的最终结果或影响.结尾段（阐述观点段）结尾段（阐述观点段）⑻ 总述该事件带来的影响/事件产生的原因.⑼For one thing, 影响一/原因一/措施一. ⑽进一步说明影响一/原因一/措施一. ⑾For another, 影响二/原因二/措施二. ⑿Therefore, 总结全文（提出建议或作出期望).Or Such an incident teaches us an important moral, that is “我的感受或得到的启示. 感受一/行动一. Furthermore,感受二/行动二. In conclusion,I do believe that 总结全文。

丁往道《英语写作手册(中文版)》复习笔记(措辞)【圣才出品】

第二章措辞Ⅰ. 词的类型据语体风格，常用的词（规范英语词汇）可分为三类：正式的、一般的、非正式的。

1. 正式词汇（又称作学术性的词、文雅的词或“大”词）（1）适用文体正式文体，如学术性或理论性著作、政治和法律文件，以及正式的演讲或报告。

（2）特点多有三个以上的音节，多数源于希腊或拉丁文。

下面这段文章中包含一些体现正式文体的词汇：There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. The monolithic nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech. The latter is recognized in America to be the proper subject for the investigation of linguists who, however, now show some incipient inclination to investigate poetry, too, and other noncasual utterances in a given language.—C. F. Voegelin 正式的或学术性的词汇有：recognition, characteristically, elevated, monolithic,investigation, incipient, inclination, noncasual, utterances等。

星荣英语笔记第三十五课

星荣英语笔记第三十五课摘要：1.星荣英语笔记第三十五课概述2.本课主题：英语写作技巧3.英语写作的重要性4.英语写作的基本原则5.英语写作技巧及实践6.总结与建议正文：【星荣英语笔记第三十五课概述】星荣英语笔记第三十五课主要介绍了英语写作技巧。

在现代社会，英语已成为国际交流的主要语言，英语写作能力对于个人和职业发展具有重要意义。

因此，本课旨在帮助学习者提高英语写作水平，更好地应对各种写作任务。

【英语写作的重要性】英语写作能力对于个人和职业发展具有重要意义。

首先，良好的英语写作能力有助于提高个人综合素质，增强国际竞争力。

其次，英语写作是学术研究和论文发表的重要手段，对于学术界的交流与发展至关重要。

此外，在商务领域，英语写作能力也关系到企业对外形象和商务合作的成功。

【英语写作的基本原则】英语写作需遵循以下基本原则：1.清晰明了：文章结构应层次分明，观点表达要简练明了，避免使用过于复杂的句子结构。

2.语言准确：使用恰当的词汇和表达，避免语法错误和拼写错误。

3.注重逻辑：文章应具有明确的逻辑结构，观点和论据应相互支持，形成严密的论证体系。

4.遵循文体规范：根据写作目的和内容选择合适的文体，遵循相应的格式和规范。

【英语写作技巧及实践】1.多读多写：阅读优秀的英文文章，学习其中的写作技巧和表达方式；多进行写作练习，不断提高自己的写作水平。

2.列提纲：在写作前进行思维导图或提纲的制定，有助于梳理思路，保证文章结构的清晰和逻辑性。

3.修改与润色：写作完成后要进行反复修改和润色，力求语言准确、表达精炼、逻辑严密。

4.增加写作实践：多参与英语写作活动，如参加英语写作比赛、向英文刊物投稿等，以提高自己的写作实战能力。

【总结与建议】英语写作能力对于个人和职业发展具有重要意义。

要想提高英语写作水平，学习者需遵循英语写作的基本原则，多读多写，列提纲，修改润色，增加写作实践等。

英语四六级考试译文笔记第1篇[学习]

英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）1.为了保证每个学生的受教育权利，当地学校要满足有诵读困难的孩子的特殊教育需求。

receive education（2.受教育）, local With a view to guaranteeing（1.为了保证）every student’s rights toschools need to meet the special educational needs（3.满足特殊教育需求）of the dyslexic（4.诵读困难的）children.1-with a view to (doing) something是一个固定表达，含义是“目的是，为了”with the aim of doing something 目的是，为了These measures have been taken with a view to increasing the company's profits.采取这些措施的目的是为了增加公司的利润。

外刊例句：Chelsea’s mission in the summer will be to strengthen further, adding morehigh-calibre players to an already capable squad, with a view to using this season’s success as a springboard to rejoining the European elite. (TheGuardian)可供替换的表达还有：in order to do something / with the aim of doing something注意：with a view to guaranteeing 不可以替换成with a view to protecting，因为protect的含义是to make sure that somebody/something is not harmed, injured, damaged, etc.本句是保证需求，因此protect不可与guarantee替换2-receive education是一个固定搭配，含义是“接受教育”，也可以写成get / have educationeducation[?ed.j?'ke?.??n]noun[S or U]ESSENTIAL■the process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or theknowledge that you get from this 教育；受教育获得的知识As a child he received most of his education at home.童年时他主要在家中接受教育。

考研英语-何凯文写作笔记

1. Just as an old Chinese proverb says ：Aspire to inspire until I expire! 正如中国一句古老的谚语：生命不息，奋斗不止！2. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但寓意很深刻苦。

3. The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to tackle this problem. 问题如此严重了，是时候采取有效的措施去解决这个问题了。

4. It is imperative that laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.我们必须制定（work out）并执行一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这些问题。

5. In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious. 在中国环境问题是最严重的。

6. There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。

7. The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owning to the reform and opening-up policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the following one being the foremost.在过去的十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国经济有了巨大的发展，同时也带来了很多问题，其中最重要的是…成功的品质、环保类、爱心和社会道德、文化交流、科技与传播、偶像崇拜、健康话题、学校话题作文三段要求：第一段：描述图画（describe）①万能开头句：There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。

现代大学英语基础写作(下)笔记

WritingUnit 1 (1)1. Narration (Personal Narratives) (P1-2) (1)2. Coordination & Subordination (P12) (1)Coordination (1)Subordination (2)Unit 2 (2)1. Decription (Places)(P21-22) (2)2. Parallelism (P31-32) (3)Unit 3 (3)1. Narration (Objective Reports) (P42) (3)2. Action verbs &Active verbs (P52) (3)Circumstances of using passive voice (3)Unit 4 (4)1. Description: objects (P64) (4)2. Variety(多样性 )（P76） (4)Unit 5 (5)1. Narration: chain of action (P82) (5)Showing &telling in narration (5)2.Task 未教（ P93） (6)Unit 6 (6)1. Description: People (P102) (6)2. Effective Sentences: Conciseness 简明，简洁(打印 ) (6)Unit 7 (7)1. Narration: Historical Narratives (P126) (7)Unit 8 (8)1. Personal Letters (P150) (8)Unit 11.Narration (Personal Narratives) (P1-2)1)Types :personal experience/imaginative fiction/historical narrative2)How to write :①A topic sentence②F irst person point of view③I n chronological order④Using transitions⑤V ivid details2.Coordination & Subordination (P12)Coordination1)Definition :combine ideas/create equal emphasis2)How to coordinateWords &phases :①A coordinating conjunction②A pair of correlative conjunction③I n the same kind of grammatical constructionClauses ①“,”+”fan boys ”②“;”+”conjunctive adverbs ”(however)3)CoordinationSubordination1)Definition :combine ideas/create unequal emphasis2)How to subordinatesubordinate clauses : ①Subordinating conjunction②Relative pronouns◆Phrase or single wordsUnit 21.Decription (Places)(P21-22)1)Definition : a word picture2)Types :◆objective: no any personal comment◆S ubjective: free to interpret details3)Methods of organization:①Using the sense (look ,smells ,sounds)②Using the spatial order(空间顺序)③U sing chronological order4) Tips :On a dominant impression (主要印象)Don ’tuse too many adjectives and adverbsPrecise nouns and vivid verbsDon ’tqualify every noun with adjective2. Parallelism (P31-32)1)Definition :Express equally important ideas in the same grammatical form2)types :①parallel words (gerund动名词， nouns ,verbs)②p arallel phrases (prepositional phrases, verb phrases)③p arallel clausesUnit 31. Narration (Objective Reports) (P42)1) Types ：First person :“I”Third person:“he””she””they”2. Action verbs &Active verbs (P52)1) Tips:①replace the verb ” be ”②D on ’toveruse the pattern ”there be ”③Use the active voice instead of the passive voice(被动) Circumstances of using passive voice①T he performer of an action is unknown or too well-known②Emphasize the recipient (接受者)③You don’t want to mention the performerUnit 41.Description: objects (P64)1)Methods of organization:①U sing the sense (look ,smells ,sounds)②Using the spatial order(空间顺序)③Listing functions④Using chronological order2) Tips on how to describe an objectshow you got the objectBasic factual information(size, shape, texture<质地>) Useful featuresFocus on the most important of the objectWhy it is importantYour feeling (how you like it)2.Variety( 多样性 ) （ P76 ）1)How to use sentence varietyVary sentence openingVary sentence structureInvert sentence( 倒装句 ) occasionally2) TipsPut a adverb before the subjectPut the verb or direct object before the subjectBegin with a prepositional phrase, or an infinitive phrase Unit 51. Narration: chain of action (P82)Showing &telling in narrationTell a story1)Showing:dramatizing a scene and creating a dialogueMake it more vividUsed in a short narrative relating a single event2)Telling :summarizing what happenedInclude a greater number of events and detailsIn longer narratives ,used along with“showing ”2.Task未教（P93）Unit 61. Description: People (P102)1) How to describe a personDominant impression approach (P22)Select details but don’tgive too muchConcrete vivid detailsDon ’toverload adj. adv.More showing than tellingUse anecdotes（趣事)2)Ways of organizing a descriptive essay about a personFocus on one feature or quality/use anecdotesDescribes from appearance and personalityList a few characteristic features/explain briefly2. Effective Sentences: Conciseness简明，简洁(打印 )Reduce long clauses to shorter phrasesReduce phrases to single wordsAvoid there beDon ’toveruse“very, really, totally and other modifiers”Eg. Very tired exhausted/ really hungry famishedReplace redundant(多余的) expressionsEg.in the event that if/oval in shape ovalRemove nominalizationsVerb a/an noun verbEg. Give an analysis of analyzeUnit 71. Narration: Historical Narratives (P126)1) Summary paragraphsA typical paragraph:develop an idea;The topic sentence + supporting sentencesThe summary paragraph:Consist of simple facts or conclusions withoutexplanation or evidence2) Basic structure of a historical narrativeOpen with a brief introduction of the person or organizationProvide a brief account of major phases/events, particularlyturning pointsConclude with a remark to summarize or to emphasizea specific pointUnit 81.Personal Letters (P150)1)Layout/FormatDate / salutation/body/closing/signature 2) LanguageSimple, clear and straightforward sentenceInformal/colloquial wordsContractionsLinking words or phrases3) OrganizationBegin by asking how he/she is getting on/refer tocurrent correspondenceTalked your shared interestsState the purposeEnd your letter with a friendly phrase of some kind。

作文英语笔记整理模板

作文英语笔记整理模板一、词汇。

积累方式：词根词缀分解。

阅读文章、词汇书。

使用在线词典。

分类整理：词性（名词、动词、形容词、副词）。

主题（如学术、文化、科技）。

使用频率（高频、中频、低频）。

二、语法。

归纳总结：语法规则、句型结构。

时态、语态、语气的变化。

分类整理：词类。

从句类型（名词从句、形容词从句、副词从句）。

条件结构（if 从句、unless 从句等）。

三、短语。

积累方式：阅读文章、背诵范文。

使用在线短语库。

分类整理：动词+介词。

名词+形容词。

名词+名词。

四、句型。

分析归纳：常见句型结构。

修饰语的用法。

句子成分的排列。

分类整理：简单句、复合句、复杂句。

陈述句、疑问句、感叹句。

主谓宾句、被动语态句。

五、作文素材。

积累方式：阅读文章、时事新闻。

观察生活、记录见闻。

收集名言警句、谚语。

分类整理：主题（如教育、环境、科技）。

类型（如事例、论据、论点）。

使用频率（频繁使用、偶尔使用）。

六、作文提纲。

结构规划：确定中心思想。

划分段落。

内容展开：分点列出段落要点。

组织证据、论据。

衔接过渡：使用连接词、转折词。

保证文章逻辑清晰。

七、写作技巧。

词汇运用：使用准确、丰富的词汇。

避免重复、冗余。

语法准确：遵循语法规则。

注意时态、语态、语气的变化。

句式多样：使用不同类型的句子和从句。

避免句式单调。

修辞手法：使用比喻、类比、引用等修辞手法。

增强文章表现力。

八、评分标准。

内容，中心思想明确、观点有理有据、论证充分。

语言，词汇丰富、语法准确、句式多样。

结构，组织严谨、层次分明、衔接流畅。

技术，正确使用格式、标点符号、段落缩进。

九、其他。

定期复习，定期复习笔记，巩固所学知识。

主动思考，自觉分析笔记内容，提出疑问并寻求解答。

持续累积，不断积累词汇、语法、素材等，丰富英语知识。

free高考英语写作笔记

free高考英语写作笔记
为了帮助你准备高考英语写作，以下是一些有用的笔记和提示：
1. 理解写作要求：在开始写作之前，仔细阅读题目要求，确保你理解了写作的主题、格式和字数限制。

2. 规划文章结构：在开始写作之前，花些时间规划文章的结构。

这可以帮助你组织思路，并在写作过程中保持条理清晰。

3. 使用主题句：在段落开始时使用主题句，这样可以让读者更容易理解你的观点。

4. 使用连接词：使用连接词（如“此外”，“然而”，“因此”等）来连接句子和段落，使文章更流畅。

5. 检查语法和拼写：在提交作文之前，一定要仔细检查语法和拼写错误。

这些错误可能会影响你的得分。

6. 保持简洁明了：尽量使用简洁的语言来表达观点。

避免冗长的句子和复杂的词汇，除非它们是必需的。

7. 练习写作：通过练习写作不同类型的文章（如议论文、记叙文、说明文等），提高你的写作技能。

8. 阅读优秀范文：阅读一些优秀的英语范文可以帮助你了解好的写作风格和技巧。

9. 注重开头和结尾：文章的开头和结尾非常重要。

开头应该吸引读者的注意力，而结尾应该总结你的观点并留下深刻的印象。

10. 修改和反馈：完成初稿后，花时间修改文章，并从老师或同学那里获取反馈。

他们可能会提供有关如何改进你的写作的宝贵建议。

希望这些笔记能帮助你在高考英语写作中取得好成绩！。

雅思英语写作科技类笔记及作业讲解

科技类一、原因状语从句1. Since computer science has been developing so fast in the modern society, numerous students choose this major as their inclination when they attend universities.2. People need not have frequent face-to-face contact with each other in business as they do in the past, fo r computers can handle and convey majority of information which once must be dealt with at a meeting.3. Computers are widely accepted by people in the information age, as they, to some extent, make many things which are considered as unaccomplished tasks in the past become available and true in the present.4. Majority of people impute/attribute the great social transformation to the development and revolution of science and technology which is closely related to their daily life.二、条件状语从句1. If robots can be manipulated much more precisely and flexibly by computers to accomplish some sorts of tasks which may be dangerous or complex to the human being, our work will be more secure and simple with highproductivity as well.2. Provided/suppose that the usage of multi-media technology is widely adopted by schools during teaching and learning, the teaching level will be enormously heightened in the long run.3. The computer software industry will develop much more healthily in the future in China on condition that the authorities concerned strengthen the protection of the copy right.三、核心词汇e-commerce电子商务cyber safety网络安全online transaction在线交易net/cyber/internet网络e-learning在线学习distance learning 远程教育,远程学习discussion room讨论室computer-assisted learning计算机辅助学习mobile phone手机、移动电话bluetooth蓝牙ring tone电话铃音electromagnetic field电磁场MP3 playback Mp3播放Invade privacy侵犯隐私Wireless technology无线技术SMS: short message service手机短信、短信服务Motivation动机Laptop笔记本电脑、便携式电脑Hacker黑客Online shopping网络购物Security issue安全问题Distance education远程教育Online course在线课程,网络课程Online forum网络论坛Internet infrastructure网络基础设施Cellular telephone移动电话、手机Radiation辐射Built-in camera内置摄像头Internet browsing网页浏览Memo备忘录Microwave emission放射微波Wireless fidelity: Wi-Fi无线保真Surf on the net上网Hi-tech features高科技功能Website网站Convenient方便的Productivity生产力Geographical barrier地理障碍Digital数字、数码Electronic电子的Virtual world虚拟世界Infringe the privacy侵犯隐私Pirate['paiərit]剽窃Security安全With the click of a mouse/ present鼠标轻点In a virtual world在一个虚拟的世界An information age信息时代Be lost in迷失于、沉湎于Stay in touch with保持联系Cause damage to one’s healt h损害某人的健康Log on the Internet登陆互联网Have/gain access to any information or knowledge获得任何信息/知识Cutting-edge technology尖端科技Information explosion信息爆炸Due to the proliferation of the Internet由于互联网的普及With an increasing popularity of mobile phones随着手机的不断流行Innovation创新Labor-saving machinery劳力节省机械Biotechnology生物技术Telecommunication电信、远程通讯Space exploration太空探索Hacker黑客Conventional method常规方法Online retailer网络零售商Netizen ['netizən]网民Cost-effective划算的、成本节约型Blog博客Cybercrime网络犯罪Offensive攻击的、无礼的Pornography [pɔ:'nɔɡrəfi]色情Violence暴利Illegal gambling非法赌博Questionable contents可以内容、有问题的内容四、万能思路Positive impacts:1. improve work efficiency2. convenience, with the click of a mouse, cost-effective3. promote and facilitate communication4. obtain information in various ways, enrich one’s knowledge Negative impacts: 1. invade one’s privacy 2. less quality family time, increasing work pressure 3. security issue, cyber crimes 4. questionable contents, pornography, violence5. physical problem, radiation, weaken eyesight, less outdoor exercise6. psychological problem, indulge in virtual world, become solitary, be isolated from the real world, weaken the relationships with family members and friends Eg. 1 The range of technology is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor. To what extent do you agree? Give reasons for your answer and include relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience. 提纲：观点：不是科技而是社会财富分配不均导致的。