第七讲 介词(讲义)-2021-2022学年英语六年级下册 通用版

第七讲介词
一、定义
介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。

它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。

同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。

二、介词的分类
时间介词at, in, on, before, after, from
方位介词on, in, at, behind, over, above, under, below
动向介词to, into, up, down, through, along, out of
方式介词by, on, with
原因介词for, from, of, with
二、常用介词的基本用法
at
①表示时间：I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。

②表示在某一具体地点：He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。

③表示动作的方向、目标：Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。

④用于某些固定搭配：at once 立刻、马上at last 最后at the same time 同时at first
开始时not at all 一点也不
about
①表示大约时间：I's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。

②表示地点；在…周围Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。

③关于，对于：We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。

after
①在……之后：After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。

②在……后面：He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。

behind
①在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车
②比……晚，迟于：The train is behind time. 火车晚点了
by
①在……旁：He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。

②到……时候：We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学
会了三首英文歌曲。

③以……方式：I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。

④用于某些固定搭配：one by one 一个接一个by the way 顺便说一句
for
①为，给，替：I'll make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。

②由于：Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。

③表示给（某人）用的：There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。

in
①在……里面：The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。

②在一段时间里：We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。

③用，以：What's this in English? 这用英语怎么说？
④在某一年份，季节，月份：in 2002, in spring, in January
⑤表示状态，服饰：Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。

⑥在……方面：He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。

⑦用于某些固定搭配：in front of 在……前面in the end 最后in time 及时
like
①像……样：He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。

②这样，那样：Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。

③怎样：What's the weather like? 天气怎样。

near 靠近，在……附近：My bed is near the
window. 我的床在窗户旁。

of
①的（表示所属关系）：This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。

②……的（用于所有格）：He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。

③表示数量（与连词连用）：One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京
④想到，谈到：I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。

⑤用于某些固定搭配：of course 当然because of 因为，由于
on
①在……上面：There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。

②在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）：On Sunday在星期天on Sunday morning
在星期天的上午on March 8 在3月8日
③用于某些固定搭配：on duty 值日on time 准时
over
①在……正上方：There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。

②遍及，穿过：There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。

③超过，不止：She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。

to
①到，往，向：He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。

②表示时间、数量，到……为止Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.
③向，对，给：Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。

under What's under your desk?
你书桌底下是什么？
with
①和，写：Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗？
②表示伴随状态，带有：Who's that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁？
between, among, around
①between:在两者之间The school is between the bank and bookstore.
②among:在三者或者更多的之中There are some American students among us .
③around:环绕，在…..的周围，在……的四周They arrived at a zoo with high mountains
all around it .他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山\ in front of , There
is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。

？
along, across, through
①along:沿着Go along Zhongshan Road and turn right at the second crossing . 沿着中山路
走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。

②across:横过(平面物体)
③through:贯通，通过The students walked through the gate
口诀1: 年月周前要用in，
日子前面却不行。

遇到几号要用on，
上午下午又是in。

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。

午夜黄昏用at，at用在时分前，
口诀2: in在……里，out在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by 。

on在……上，under在……下，above在上头，below在底下。

口诀3: ①早、午、晚要用in
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
②黎明、午、夜、点与分用at
at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7：30 在7点半
③年、月、年月、季节、周用in。

in 1986 在1986年
in April 在四月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in spring 在春季in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季
in winter 在冬季
练习
用适当介词填空
1. There are four seasons _________ a year.
2. What do you wear _________ sunny days?
3. What do you wear _________ winter?
4. We haveno classes _________ Sundays.
5. My birthday is _________ September.
6. My birthday is _________ June 18th.
7. I get up _________ half past six every day.
8. We have PE class _________ Thurday.
9. I always read _________ the morning.
10. My father watches TV _________ the evening.
11. Our country had an Olympic Game _________ 2008.
12. My family went to Hong Kong _________ 2006.
13. Binbin is _________ the library.
14. The clinic is _________ the third floor.
15.The science room is ___________ the clinic ________ the art room.
16. There are 45 students __________ our school.
17. There are 3 birds __________ the tree.
18. There are many apples _________ the tree.
19. The plane is flying _________ the river.
20. The teacher is standing _________________ the classroom.
21. There is a boy swimming _________ the river.
22. They are running _______ school. They aren’t going _______ the building.
23. Bob is swimming _______ the river.
24. Bob and his friends are walking _______ the bank.
25. The baby is sleeping. Don’t turn _______ the TV. Please turn it _______.。