被动语态要点复习精讲精练

被动语态要点复习精讲精练
被动语态是英语语法的重要项目,其构成形式是“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”，其中be动词的形式变化同系动词be。

因此，要复习好被动语态除了掌握其基本含义、基本构成之外，还要注意下面五个方面。

一、明确被动语态的使用场合
一般来说,当句子的主语是句子谓语动作的承受者时,句子要用被动语态而不能用主动语态。

According to the news , many college students asked to be sent to the faraway places.
二、被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。

高中阶段几种常用时态的被动语态形式为：
1． am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
In the muesum, visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2． has /have been done 现在完成时
All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3． am/is /are being done 现在进行时
A new cinema is being built here, so we will go along antoher street.
4． was/were done 一般过去时
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5． had been done 过去完成时
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6． was/were being done 过去进行时
A meeting was being held when I was there.
7． shall/will be done 一般将来时
Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8． should/would be done 过去将来时
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
三、主动形式，被动意义
1．有些表示状态特征的系动词、感官动词，如look, sound, feel ,smell, taste, prove, appear, sound, turn out 等+形容词/名词的系表结构。

如：
The musicof the famous play sounds beautiful.
This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。

That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。

These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。

2．表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。

例如：read, write, act, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut dry, eat, drink, keep, feel ,burn, last ,strike, cut等。

这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。

或与表示行为方式的状语连用时，或与情态动词连用时，如：
This latest type of the coats that factory produces dries easily.
Don’t do that again , I am afraid t he door won’t lock.
Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。

His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。

The car drove easily.这车很容易开。

Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。

3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词。

如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, move。

例如：
Attention please ! w ork began at 7’clock this morning.
4．少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。

如：print, build, cook, fry ,hang, build, make，例如：
The books the famous writer worked out are printing.
He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。

The meat is cooking.
5．介词in ,on, under… + 名词构成的介词短语表示被动意义。

如：
The house facing the tower is in the possession(拥有) of Mr. Bob.
The thief is under arrest. The thief has been arrested.小偷已被捕。

Apples are on sale. Apples are being sold.苹果在出售。

The phenomenon under study is very interesting.
The phenomenon which is being studied is very interesting.正在研究的现象十分有趣。

6．当get ，become，go 等动词用作系动词时，其表语是过去分词时，可以表示被动，get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言，更强调动作的结果而非动作本身，并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。

而come 和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。

例如：
The patient got treated once a week.
After working selflessly for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生无私地干了好几年，终于得到提升。

They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.由于节日交通阻塞，他们被耽误了。

The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。

The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。

7．某些不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词如break out ,go well, take place ,occur(发生)等，例如：What body changes occur when the sperm whale drives?
8．Want, need, require等动词后用v-ing形式可以表示被动意义。

在need(want, require, deserve, tc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别。

例如：
The machine needs repairing.
The garden needs watering. The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水。

The problem requires studying with great care.
The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。

These jobs want doing at once. These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要马上就做。

用法相似的结构还有bear doing,stand doing,be worth doing,习惯不用动词不定式。

如：That won't bear thinking of.那是不堪想像的。

The little girl can't stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。

The food is not worth eating.这种饭菜不值一吃。

This book is well worth reading again.
It's well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.很值得花一番功夫去学会怎么做这事。

值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用动名词的主动式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用动词不定式的被动式，两者不可混淆。

9．在某些性质形容词＋动词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例如：
The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。

That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。

在这种句型结构中，动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的，相当于It's easy to answer the question.和It's difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置，所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系。

10. 有些动词不定式不论用主动形式还是被动形式，动词不定式和主语的关系都是被动的。

例如：
Nobody was to blame (to be blamed) for the accident.这个事故，谁也不能责怪。

The house is to let (to be let).这房子出租。

There are a lot of books to read (to be read).有许多书要读。

Those cars are to rent (to be rented).那些汽车出租。

11. 以－able或－ible结尾的形容词可表示被动意义。

例如：
These tickets are available for one month.
These tickets are capable of being used for one month.这些票可用一个月。

It's a credible explanation. The explanation can be trusted.这是一种可信的解释。

The fish was hardly eatable. The fish could hardly be eaten.这鱼几乎不能吃。

四、不能转化成被动语态的主动句
我们知道不及物动词没有被动语态，有的及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，同样也没有被动语态，凡是属于下列情况的主句不能转化成被动语态：
1．某些表示状态的及物动词。

如：have, own, possess, lack, want, fit, suit, become, last, cost, fail, escape, hold等。

例如：
Our boss possesses great wealth.
2．当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不能有相应的被动语态，例如：
I cut myself when I was cutting meat.
3．当宾语是不定式或动名词时，通常不能有对应的被动句，例如：
This might help to bring out the meaning more clearly.
五、不及物动词的被动结构
一般地说，不及物动词没有被动结构，这是因为不及物动词没有宾语（动作的承受者），但有些不及物动词接上介词、副词或其他成分构成一个短语动词，相当于及物动词，这时可以有被动语态，但是要注意所接的介词、副词或其他成分一定不能省略，例如：
We must write to him. →He must be written to.
【巩固精练】
I.单句改错：
1.Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978.
2.The village also called the International Meeting Village.
3.Our school also teaches Russian.
4.The scientist is known by us all.
5.The museum was entered by the children one by one.
6.Himself was introduced to us at the meeting by him.
7.This magazine is sold well here.
8.When is a new road going to build around the lake?
9. Hundreds of jobs will lose if the factory closes.
10.A new cinema is built here. They hope to finish it next month.
II.单项填空：
1. －To tell me the truth , do you know why Mary looks so sad?
－Because she ____ by her classmates.
A. has been laughed
B. has laughed at
C. was laughed at
D. has been laughed at
2. According to the reporter , books of this kind this year ______ well.
A. sell
B. sells
C. are sold
D. is sold
3. As you know , in some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
4.In fact , I need only one more stamp before my collection ____.
A. has completed
B. completes
C. has been completed
D. is completed
5.－____ the school sports meet might be put off.
－Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told
B. I’ve told
C. I’m told
D. I told
6. We looked for him everywhere. Believe it or not , he ____ behind the door at that time.
A. hid
B. was hidden
C. hide
D. was being hidden 7. There used to be a lot of houses in the area , but now they ____.
A. pulled down
B. have been pulled down
C. were pulled down
D. had been pulled down
8. Robert is said _____ abroad ,but I don’t know what country he studied in .
A .to have studied
B .to study
C .to be studying
D .to have been studying
9. If city noises ____ from increasing, people ____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 30 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to
B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to
D. do not keep; have
10. －We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
－What do you suppose ___ to her?
A. was happened
B. to happen
C. has happened
D. having happened
11. I really don't want _______like I' m speaking ill of anybody, but, you know , the manager' s plan is unfair.
A. to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded
12. I think you will see that ________to be an expensive mistake .
A. was proved
B. proved
C. has been proved
D. proved as
13. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _____ the cloth _____ well.
A. have told; washes
B. have been told; washes
C. was told; washed
D. have been told; is washed
14. I think the latest film “Chibi” is _______ twice or three times.
A. worth being seen
B. worth watching
C. sure to see
D. worth seeing
15.My kind , your composition is good , but , in my opinion, your handwriting still requires________.
A. improving
B. improved
C. being improved
D. to improve
16. Believe it or not , the pool’s water ______ cool when I joined into it for morning exercise this morning .
A. was felt
B. is felt
C. felt
D. feels
17. ---- Have the hotel been put to use?
---- No, it ____.
A. was built
B. has been built
C. is finished
D. is being built
18. That factory is being built, _______ ? A. is it B. does it C. are it D. isn't it
19. Where _______ the sports meeting _______ now?
A. does; be being held
B. is; held
C. is; being held
D. did; being held
20. To our surprise, this play _______ in the theatre now.
A. is not been shown
B. is not being shown
C. not is being shown
D. is being not shown
21. _______ those flowers _______ by them now?
A. Are; being watered
B. Are; waters
C. Do; are being watered
D. Did; are being watered
22. Let's try to find out whether the car _______ to Beijing by him at six tomorrow morning.
A. is being driven
B. is driving
C. has been driven
D. had been driven
23. What surprises me most is that the books in our library ______.
A. are always being stolen
B. are always stolen
C. have always been stolen
D. had always been stolen
24. Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut
B. is cut
C. are being cut
D. had been cut
25. It is said that the meeting is _______ now.
A. being held
B. be held
C. been held
D. been holding
26. The building _______ , I can't stand its noise.
A. builds
B. is built
C. is being built
D. was being built
英语时态语态练习100题
1. The sun ________ in the east.
A. is always rising
B. always is rising
C. rises always
D. always rises
2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing
B. washes
C. has washed
D. wash
3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from?
A. do you come
B. you are coming
C. you come
D. are you coming
4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness.
A. is loving
B. loves
C. loved
D. has loved
5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?
A. Has milk boiled
B. Is milk boiling
C. Does milk boil
D. Was milk boiling
6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.”
A. dismissed
B. are dismissed
C. have dismissed
D. were dismissed
7. I have n’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes.
A. had still seen
B. still sees
C. has still seen
D. still saw
8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ .
A. comes
B. will come
C. come
D. is coming
9. I think Jack ________ the answer.
A. has known
B. does know
C. is knowing
D. knows
10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party.
A. is knowing
B. was knowing
C. knows
D. had been knowing
11. Where ________ ?
A. Mary works
B. works Mary
C. does Mary works
D. does Mary work
12. I think this question ________ to answer.
A. easy
B. is easy
C. was easy
D. Both A and B
13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ?
A. Do you use
B. Did you use
C. Were you using
D. Have you used
14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
A. am reading
B. read
C. was reading
D. will read
15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. has written
D. is writing
16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help
B. is helping
C. helps
D. has helped
17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ .
A. is washing it now
B. washes it
C. is washing them now
D. washes them now
18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television.
A. watches
B. is watching
C. has watched
D. had watched
19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers?
A. have you stopped
B. had you stopped
C. did you stop
D. do you stop
20. Look at John! What _______ ? A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do
21. It ________ hard when I left my house. A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
22.The railway ________ in three years.
A. is complete
B. will completed
C. has completed
D. will be completed
23. Don’t talk so loudly. Your fath er ________ . A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
24. ----- What are you doing under the table?----- I ________ to find my pen. A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying
25. Jane and Tom ________ the door.
A. are walking at
B. walk at
C. walks to
D. are walking to
26. How many people does the doctor know ________ of the disease?
A. are dying
B. is dying
C. has died
D. dies
27. He ________ thin. A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got
28. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.
A. was winning
B. has won
C. had won
D. wins
29. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afte rnoon.
A. has done
B. has been done
C. had been doing
D. was doing
30. I ________ my homework now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
31. I ________ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.
A. wasn’t having
B. haven’t had
C. hadn’t
D. haven’t been having
32. ________ reading the book yet?
A. Have you finished
B. Were you finishing
C. Had you finished
D. Are you finishing
33. The evening party ________ .You are a little late.
A. just began
B. just has begun
C. has just begun
D. has begun just now
34. The dog is still wet. It ________ out of the rain.
A. only just comes
B. has only just coming
C. was only just come
D. has only just come
35. Where did you study before you ________ to this middle school?
A. come
B. came
C. are coming
D. will come
36. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.
A. has gone away from
B. has left
C. has been away from
D. went away from
37. ----- Did your brother go to America last year? ----- ________ .
A.No, he has never go there
B. No, he has never gone here
C.No, he never was there
D.No, he’s never been there
38. My uncle ________ in that factory since 1958.
A. worked
B. had worked
C. is working
D. has worked
39. I ________ her since she was a little girl. A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known
40. He ________ for three years.
A. has joined
B. has been in the army
C. joined
D. has served the army
41. His grandfather ________ for thirty years.
A. died
B. was dead
C. has been dead
D. has died
42. I ________ a college student for more than a year.
A. became
B. have become
C. was
D. have been
43. I ________ this radio for two years. A. used B. use C. have used D. am used
44. I ________ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard
B. have not heard
C. have heard not
D. do not hear
45. Since you don’t want to go, I ________ alone. A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone
46. He________ his watch. Have you seen it anywhere?
A. lost
B. lose
C. has lost
D. had lost
47. I ________ the exhibition on the life and work of Lenin.
A. see
B. saw
C. have seen
D. am seeing
48. When I was a little boy my father ________ me the earth is round.
A. tells
B. has told
C. had told
D. told
49. You ________ your homework..
A. haven’t done
B. have doing
C. have not doing
D. not done
50. Our teacher ________ to Beijing three times. A. went B. had done C. has gone D. has been
51. It’s time you ________ a holiday. A. had B. have C. will have D. have had
52. The young engineer he ________ is a friend of his.
A. is talking
B. is going to talk
C. talked
D. is talking to
53. He ________ in Shanghai in 196o. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. is living
54. Robert ________ in England a few weeks ago.
A. arrives
B. has arrived
C. could arrive
D. arrived
55. How long ago ________ in Fujian?
A. has he arrived
B. did he arrive
C. could he arrive
D. arrived
56. Jack ________ a letter to his parents last night.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. write
D. has written
57. His parent did not know why ________ his homework.
A. did he not do
B. did he not to do
C. he had not done
D. he had done not
58. Last week John ________ his leg.
A. felt and broken
B. fell and broke
C. feels and breaks
D. fallen and broken
59. Wang Jinsi ________ the whole nation as Iron Man.
A. was known by
B. is known to
C. knew
D. has known
60. They ________ to a new house last month.
A. moves
B. move
C. moved
D. have moved
61. I’ll let you know as soon as he ________ .
A. arrives
B. will arrive
C. arrive
D. reach
62. ________ last year and is now earning his living as a newsboy.
A. He left the school
B. He has left the school
C. He had left school
D. He left school
63. Mike is now in New York. He ________ there since six days ago.
A. was
B. is
C. had been
D. has been
64. Yesterday Mary ________ to me with a problem. A. came B. goes C. went D. come
65. Where ________ yesterday? A. went you B. was you C. have you been D. were you
66. Yesterday a man ________ my car. A. hited B. hat C. hitted D. hit
67. The sun ________ when we got there.
A. raised
B. had raised
C. had risen
D. rises
68. When did you ________ to see me last? A. go B. went C. came D. come
69. ________ the news last night?
A. Heard you
B. Did you heard
C. Did you hear
D. Were you hear
70. This book ________ everybody.
A. is known by
B. is known for
C. is known to
D. knows
71. I am sure he’ll come to see me before he ________ Beijing.
A. leave
B. left
C. will leave
D. leaves
72. Jack ________ his thick coat because it was snowing.
A. puts on
B. put on
C. takes on
D. took on
73. He ________ his coat and went out. A. takes on B. put on C. takes on D. took on
74. How many people ________ the lecture on basic chemistry?
A. attended
B. is attending
C. do they attend
D. did attend
75. Look at the clock! It’s time ________ home.
A. we’ll go
B. we went
C. we’re going
D. we should go
76. He ________ you later. A. will see B. may will see C. wills see D. will sees 77. ________ breakfast in the morning?
A. Will she be
B. Will she cooks
C. Will she cook
D. Will she be cook
78. You ________ her again in a few days.
A. will see
B. have seen
C. had seen
D. have been seen
79. My parents ________ me to become a doctor.
A. hoped
B. wanted
C. decided
D. suggested
80. If we study hard, ________ .
A. we had passed the exam
B. We are passing the exam
C. we have passed the exam
D. we will pass the exam
81. She has been here ________ .
A. after 1978
B. for 1978
C. in 1978
D. since 1978
82. Your shirt is dirty. ________ it for you?
A. Am I going to wash
B. Will I wash
C. Am I washing
D. shall I wash
83. ----- The clock is slow. ----- It isn’t slow, it ________ .
A. is stopping
B. will stop
C. has stopped
D. stopped
84.They wanted to know when they ________ have an examination.
A. had gone to
B. were going to
C. would be going
D. had been going
85. My sister ________ to see me. She’ll be here soon.
A. comes
B. is coming
C. had come
D. came
86. When ________ , I’ll talk to him.
A. does Peter come
B. Peter will come
C. Peter comes
D. can Peter come
87. He will pay a visit to the exhibition when he ________ time.
A. has
B. will have
C. has
D. is going to have
88. I will go home for the vacation as soon as I ________ my exams.
A. will finish
B. finish
C. finishing
D. finished
89. If ________ , we’ll stay at home. A. it will rain B. it’s to rain C. it rains D. it’ll be raining
90. It ________ hard when we left. A. is raining B. has rained C. was raining D. rained
91. What ________ when I saw you yesterday?
A. did you do
B. were you doing
C. you were doing
D. you did
92. Bill said that he ________ his homework at half past seven yesterday evening.
A. did
B. was doing
C. will do
D. has done
93. They ________ a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.
A. were having
B. had
C. would have
D. have
94. Yesterday afternoon some students ________ wheat on the farm.
A. had sowing
B. sowed
C. have sown
D. were sowing
95. She ________ at seven o’clock this morning.
A. is writing
B. write
C. writes
D. was writing
96. By the end of last term we ________ English for two years.
A. have studied
B. have been studied
C. would studied
D. had studied
97. He ________ quite a lot in his work.
A. use to travel
B. is used to travel
C. used to travel
D. was used to travel
98. He ________ out when somebody called at his office.
A. has just gone
B. had just gone
C. just went
D. just now went
99. When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils ________ their exercises.
A. have done
B. were doing
C. are doing
D. has done
100. When we arrived, the dinner ________ .
A. already began
B. has already begun
C. had already begun
D. was just begun。