不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)的区别

一、课前练习
1)写出下列表语形容词的汉语意思
afraid（)alike （)
alive （)alone（)
asleep（)awake（)
ill（)
2)填空
1. She is of dog.（担心的）
2. I am ____________ e arly in the morning.（醒着的）
3. My mother fell ______ （生病的）and she ______ （看起来）tired.
4. He is ____________ （孤单的），because his father and mother
went abroad（出国）.
5. This fish is still ____________ 活着的）.
7. Mum is __________ 睡着的）,when I get home.
8. These two coats are _________ （一样的）to me, I don' like
them at all.
3）英译汉
1. It is difficult to understand this question.
2. It is dangerous to play with a snake.
3. It is wonderful to go shopping with my mother.
4. It is pleasant to have a walk in the evening.
5. It is impossible to meet him at this time tomorrow.
二、不定冠词详解
1）概念：冠词是用于名词前用以说明该名词含义的虚词（在现代英语中冠词被称为限制定词）。

传统语法通常将冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。

不定冠词有a和an两种形式，其中a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前。

2）不定冠词的基本用法
（1）不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。

例如：
a boy, a city, a girl, a useful ani mal , an old man, an hon est boy,
a bad apple, a tall elephanta u niversity（虽然u 是元音字母，但不读
元音）,an h our 一个小时（虽然h不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头）
（2）用来表示“一的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。

即不具体说明是何人何物。

例如：
A teacher is look ing for you.
We work five days a week.
(3) 不定冠词含有“一的意思，但数量观念没有one 强烈，在句子 里一
般可以不必译出，但若有 一个”的意思则译出，例如：
—— An orange is good for you.桔子对你有好处。

——How much is it ?多少钱？
——Two yua n a kilo. 二元一公斤。

(4) 一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。

例如：
Bill is a stude nt.
He is a doctor.
(5) 用在某些固定词组中。

例如：
a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little
(6) 练一练：
1. There is _______ “ h ” in the word
A. a
B. the
C. /
D. an
2. ___________ What terrible life people in the small isla nd lived at that time!
A. an
B./
C. a
D. the
3. Father often says to me, useful
man tomorrow.
A. a; a
B. an; an
C. a; an
D. an; a
4. ________________ Q in gdao is most beautiful city in summer.
A. the
B. /
C. a
D. one
5. _________________________ —So you are running restaura nt? hon est Be hon
——Yes, but I don ' t want to make it ______ ueani only for rich
people.
A. the; /
B. the; the
C. a; the
D. a; a
6. _____________________ ——Have you see n pen? I left it here this morni ng.
——Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it some where.
A. a; the
B.the; the
C. a; a
D. the; a
7. Oh, John. What _______ you gave us!
A. a pleasa nt surprise
B. pleasa nt surprise
C. an pleasant surprise
D. the pleasant surprise
8. Joh n is ______ uni versity stude nt.
A. /
B. any
C. a
D. an
9. —I ' d like __ information about the management of your hotel
please.
——Well, you could have _____ w ord with the manager. He might be
helpful.
A. some; a
B. an; some
C. some; some
D. an; a
t like the red pctalke the blue one.
10.—If you don
——OK, but do you have __ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.
A. a big
B. a bigger
C. the big
D. the bigger
三、定冠词详解
1）概念：the用来表示特定的人或事物。

the的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the.具体用法如下：
（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。

例如：
The book on the desk is mine. 桌上的书是我的。

Show me the photo of the boy, please请把这个男孩的照片递给我。

（2）指双方都知道的人或事物。

例如：
Open the door, please.请开门。

Did you see the boy?你看见那个男孩了吗？
What' s the new teacher '新老师的名字叫什么？
（3）指上文提到的人或事物。

例如：
He lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
他住在农场，这农场不大。

There are some dogs. The dogs are very lovely.
这儿有一些狗。

这些狗很可爱。

（4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。

例如：
The sun is bigger tha n the moor太卩日比月亮大些。

但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。

例如：
Look! A red sun is rising.瞧！一轮红日正在升起。

（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。

例如：
The first isla nd is the biggest of the three第一个小岛是三个中最大的。

（6）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、
山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。

例如：They will visit the Great Wall n ext week.
他们下个星期将会参观长城。

They came to the Un ited States of America last year.
他们去年就来美国了。

（7）用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种
复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。

例如：
The old are sick.老人病了。

（8）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。

例如：
The Smiths have moved to Lon don史密斯一家搬去伦敦了。

（9）用在某些习惯用语中。

例如：
in the morni ng 在早上on the left 左边
the day before yesterday前天all the same 仍然
2）练一练
1. ______ doctor told him to take ______ medici ne three times _____ day.
2. There is ______ woma n over there ________ w oma n is Merimee's mother.
3. ______ sun rises in _______ east
4. ______ Changjiang River is ______ Ion gest river in ______ Ch ina
5.1 t's too hot. Open _____ doo, please
6. __________________ W ash ington is ___ capital of USA
四、总结与作业
1•单项选择。

1) He ofte n has _______ egg and some milk for breakfast.
A. /
B. a
C.the
D. an
2) ---What' s the trouble with Li ngli ng?
---She doesn' t go to _________ school and stay in _____ bed now.
A. a; /
B. the; the
C. /; /
D. /; a
3) ---Do you have ______ dicti on ary?
---No, but Lucy has _____ new dicti onary on the bookshelf.
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. the; a
D. a; a
4) _____ earth is round.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D. /
5) There is _______ “L” in the word “LUCK .
A. a
B. the
C. an
D. /
6) I hope you have ______ happy day today.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
7) _____ Whites are hav ing dinner together.
A. A
B. The
C. An
D. /
8) There is _______ o range and some pin eapples in the basket.
A. the
B. /
C. a
D. an
9) Lisa has _______ h at. ______ h at is very beautiful.
A. a; A
B. an; A
C. a; The
D. an; /
10) _________________ 1' m watching ________ movie. It is about
interesting love story.
A. a; an
B. a; a
C. the; the
D. /; an
2.句子改错。

每句中有一个错误，请改正。

1) July is a seve nth month of the year.
2) We wait here for half a hour.
3) Students often play the football after school.
4) lt ' s an European wolf.
5) They ofte n have a supper in a restaura nt.。