北京考博英语辅导班讲义1
北大教育学院教育管理(教育博士)考博真题参考书复习资料考试内容考试重点-育明考博
北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。
为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。
英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。
但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。
其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。
2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。
该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。
（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。
包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。
（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
北京大学考博英语系统全程班使用说明
北京大学考博英语系统全程班使用说明北京大学考博英语试题结构如下：Part 1 听力 20%Part 2 词汇 20 %Part 3 阅读理解20%Part 4 完形 10%Part 5 改错 15%Part 6 写作 15%（250~300字）通过上述试题结构的简单介绍，大家可以看出北京大学的题型没有特别的侧重哪一个专项，而是要求考生全面培养自己的英语能力。
各位学员在拿到一大堆的学习资料时，往往有一种不知道该从何入手的感觉。
下面给学员详细的介绍一下，各个科目的学习计划。
具体听课顺序如下：一、词汇：词汇，是英语学习的基石。
词汇背得越多，考试时就越会有把握。
尤其针对考博英语考试而言更是如此。
博士研究生入学考试对词汇量的要求大致是在8000~10000。
所以大家学习的第一个课程就应是词汇。
1.基础词汇课程课程课时： 31课时课程内容：课程里面所讲解的词汇都是要求大家全面掌握的。
所谓的全面掌握就是指，要知道它的拼写、常用汉语释义、用法。
学习建议：（1）拿到词汇讲义后，先进行词汇学习的瘦身工作——删减词汇。
也就是从A 到Z浏览一下，把自己已经非常熟悉的单词删减出去。
这里所谓的“非常熟悉”是指：看到英语单词就能在脑海中直接反应出它的汉语意思。
这个工作完成以后，就可以开始词汇部分的学习了。
建议每天学习2个课时。
完成词汇专项突破课程的基础词汇部分需要15天的时间。
（2）遵循艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线进行及时有效的复习。
下附艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，可根据个人的具体情况进行适当调整。
第一个记忆周期：5 分钟（注：5分钟即每隔五分钟检查前5 分钟的，以下时间的解释与此相同）第二个记忆周期：30 分第三个记忆周期：12 小时第四个记忆周期：1 天第五个记忆周期：2 天第六个记忆周期：4 天第七个记忆周期：7 天第八个记忆周期：15 天2.王沁老师词汇训练课程课程课时：26课时课程内容：针对词汇题型进行讲解。
学习建议：（1）听课之前，要求学员自己先完成讲义上的题目，通过自测可以自我了解哪里不会，为什么不会，带着问题去学习在线课程。
北京考博英语辅导班讲义
北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效 go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进 open up new ways forward科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系 rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步 make an important step热爱和平 love peace深化改革 deepen the reform审时度势 size up the situation实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立 realize national independence实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策 practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平 maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布…召开 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国 govern the country according to law引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程 look into the great journey展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部 revive the west振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开 make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions追求进步 pursue progress追求真理 seek the truth走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则 follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断 break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进 surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产 notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场 enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 exploit markets控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point 让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务 perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the oldyear and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流 promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力 tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs) 腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit one’s potential开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生 enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education 精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice素质教育使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to 的成就 the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice 的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness 提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母 disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction 自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and 产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and 和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development 资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录 beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title更多资源请登录激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手 choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer 支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league 抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn。
新东方考博听力讲义
新东方考博听力讲义新东方梅雪老师主讲的听力讲义2022年考博英语听力讲义主讲：梅雪欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材听力理解第一章对话题型制胜方略依据听力测试的内容和问题，我们大体上把听力题分为以下几种类型，这些都是听力理解测试中值得注意的几种类型。
考生熟悉这些题型及其特点，对于提高应试能力，顺利通过考试，是非常有益的。
一、请求、提供、建议（一）“请求”与“提供”表示“请求”的题不同于表示“提供”的题。
“请求”题型的特点是：对话的一方向另一方提出请求，另一方表示同意或拒绝：“提供”题型的特点是：一方主动表示提供帮助，另一方表示接受或谢绝。
用来表示“请求”的句型有：Will you...? Would you...?Do you mind...?Can you...? Could you...?How about...? Would you mind...?Why not...? Would you tell me...?听“请求”题的关键是要听清、听懂答案，因为通常都是就答话的内容提问的。
用来表示“提供”的句型有：Shall I...? Do you want me to...?Can I...? Would you like me to...?Could I...? Would you mind...?How about...?新东方梅雪老师主讲的听力讲义值得注意的是被提供者无论是否接受帮助，在许多情况下都要表示谢意，而这些谢意往往成为干扰项，对考题不起作用，应尽量排除。
You will hear：W：What can I do for you, gentleman? Maybe you like this T-shirt, because the colour matches your skin and it is the latest fashion.M：Yes，it's really a good T-shirt and it's of good colour. But I just walk around and watch. Thank you just the same.You will read：Q：What does the man accept?[A] The color. [B] The suit. [C] The style. [D] Nothing.注：此题为表示“提供”题。
2005辅导班讲义05考博英语强化班讲义
2005年北京新九州考博英语辅导班讲义语法部分Part One Multiple Choice1. are an effective means by which advocacy groups can bring inequalities to the attention of local,state, and federal officials.A. Demonstration publicB. Demonstrations publicC. Demonstration publicsD. Demonstrations publics2. The magnificent temple was constructed by the Chinese.A. eight-centuries-oldB. eight-century-oldC. eight-century’s-oldD. old-eight-centuries3. I have been to Tibet .A. a hundred timeB. hundred timesC. hundreds of timesD. hundred of times4. Since 1974 there have been two in this city.A. woman mayorsB. woman mayorC. women mayorD. women mayors5. It’s by coach from Melbourne to Sydney.A. a nine hour’s journeyB. a nine hour journeyC. a nine hours’ journeyD. a nine-hours journey6. Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear image, mostnonprofessional photographs demand equipment.A. fewB. a littleC. a fewD. little7. To the finalists, , the last high jump was the most exciting as well as the most difficulty.A. Bob and IB. Bob and meC. I and BobD. me and Bob8. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, atthe other store.A. anyoneB. the othersC. thatD. the ones9. You don’t think we were all careless, do you?A. asB. thisC. suchD. that10. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help inlearning to the limits of his or her capacity, that capacity small or great.A. beB. beingC. wereD. are11. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers for.A. be demonstratingB. demonstrateC. had been demonstratingD. have demonstrated12. Having spent his last penny for the cheese, he was determined to eat it all, even though it tastedto him.A. bitterlyB. bitterC. bitternessD. bitterlier13. His desire to be a psychiatrist was born of his sympathy with .A. the mental illB. the ill mentallyC. the mentally illD. the mental illness14. General George Brown was older in his regiment, but he was unwilling to retire from military service.A. than any other officerB. than any officersC. than other officersD. than any other officers15. According to the time table, the aeroplane for San Francisco at eight o’clock in the morning.A. will leaveB. is going to leaveC. has leftD. leaves16. As automation increases, the problems of unemployment will become more serious unless more menand women the training necessary for white-collar positions.A. have been givenB. are givenC. will be givenD. would be given17. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is thebiggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.A. orB. forC. and D so18. We can’t give you a room now unless you reservations.A. madeB. will makeC. have madeD. are making19. Immanuel Kant was so regular in his habits that until the day he died people their watches by hisactions.A. have setB. had setC. have been settingD. set20. By the year 2000, scientists probably a cure for cancer.A. will be discoveringB. are discoveringC. will have discoveredD. have discovered21. They told me that Professor Smith here for twenty years by this winter.A. would have been teachingB. had been teachingC. had taughtD. will have taught22. For centuries large communities of people on houseboats in parts of the world where the climateis warm and waters are calm.A. have been livingB. had been livingC. are livingD. were living23. A thousand miles no longer much to us today, for modern jets can easily get us over this distancewithin a matter of a few hours.A. meantB. meanC. meansD. will mean24. The vice-president and production director of the company the welcoming ceremony held by theCapital Hill this evening.A. were to attendB. are to attendC. is to attendD. have attended25. An iron and steel works, together with some satellite factories, to be built here.A. isB. areC. haveD. has been26. A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some by Edward Steichen, on displayat the museum.A. areB. isC. have beenD. to be27. That intelligence tests actually give a measurement of the intelligence of individuals by somepsychologists.A. are questionedB. have been questionedC. is questionedD. has questioned28. The advent of low-cost, high-speed data processing facilities school administrators withresources not available a few years ago.A. have providedB. has providedC. have been providedD. has been provided29. Water is the only substance that at ordinary temperatures in all three states of matter: solid,liquid, and gas.A. occursB. occurC. will occurD. has occurred30. He is the only one of my friends who to settle abroad.A. isB. areC. has beenD. to be31. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in someparts of this country so serious.A. would have beenB. wouldn’t beC. had beenD. should have been32. The million of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the timethey were finished.A. could lose C. ought to have lostC. would have lostD. might lose33. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that itin a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzedB. has been analyzedC. be analyzedD. should have been analyzed34. Every attention must be paid to him, lest he that he is inferior to my other guests.A. would feelB. feelsC. feltD. feel35. John wants to see me today, but I would rather he tomorrow than today.A. cameB. had comeC. would comeD. should come36. I would have gone to visit you but I in touch with you while I was in Boston.A. couldn’t getB. hadn’t gotC. couldn’t have gotD. shouldn’t have got37. My phone call to the electrician as I subsequently discovered my wife had phoned.A. needn’t be madeB. shouldn’t be madeC. needn’t have been madeD. didn’t have to be38. From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad ____.A. must have occurredB. would have occurredC. might be occurringD. should occur39. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, to find it locked.A. justB. onlyC. henceD. thus40. More than a quarter of the smokers in last year’s survey said they had begun smoking regularlywhile in college.A. having questionedB. questionedC. to be questionedD. questioning41. There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from leadershipof it, would intervene personally.A. being resignedB. having resignedC. going to resignD. resign42. London Bridge was then rebuilt as part of a tourist attraction.A.It was sold to an Arizona entrepreneurB.Sold to an Arizona entrepreneurC.Having sold to an Arizona entrepreneurD.Selling to an Arizona entrepreneur43. When Richard Nixon became president, he was quite familiar with the White House, an eight-year term as vice president under Eisenhower.A. has servedB. servingC. to have servedD. having served44. The local health organization is reported twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.A. to have been set upB. to be set upC. being set upD. having been set up45. They exchanged views on the questions of .A. electing whomB. whom to electC. whom to be electedD. to elect whom46. The students expected there more reviewing classes before the final exams.A. isB. have beenC. beingD. to be47. A few years ago, through Italy, the idea for a history of Florentine architecture occurred to him.A. travelingB. to travelC. when he was travelingD. traveled48. While by the side of a hot dog stand, an airplane flew over our head with such a deafening roar that we almost choked with the soda we were drinking.A. to stopB. we stoppedC. having stoppedD. stopped49. First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event concerns about environmental issues such as pollution.A. dedicated to raisingB. dedicated to raiseC. dedicating to raisingD. to be dedicated to raising50. A new technique , the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A. working outB. having been worked outC. having worked outD. to have been worked out51. They have worked out a method the agricultural production could be raised on a large scale.A. to whichB. with whichC. by whichD. of which52. It is useful to be able to predict the extent which a price change will affect supply and demand.A. fromB. withC. toD. for53. There is no material will deform more or less under the action of forces.A. whoB. butC. asD. that54. Settlers of the western United States had a sense of equality in the face of hardship, led to democratic political practices.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. who55. The village is no longer a remote and backward place it used to be.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. that56. The laser beam is also different from ordinary light beams in the way .A. on which it travelsB. by which it travelsC. through which it travelsD. it travels57. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything going on in the world.A. it isB. as isC. there isD. what is58. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much encourages aggressive patriotism.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whose59. The policemen went into action they heard the alarm.A. promptlyB. presentlyC. quicklyD. directly60. We hope the measures to control prices taken by the government will succeed.A. whenB. asC. sinceD. after61. is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development ofproduction.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As62. Scientists say it may be five or ten years ____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A. whenB. afterC. beforeD. since63. Many patients insist on having watches with them in hospital, they have no schedules to keep.A. even thoughB. forC. as ifD. since64. ____, he always tries his best to complete it on time.A. However the task is hardB. However hard the task isC. Though hard the task isD. Though hard is the task65. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ____ it forces people to testthe relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A. by whichB. in thatC. to whichD. so that66. It was training that he had as a young man ____ made him such a good engineer.A. hasB. laterC. whichD. that67. Physics is the present-day equivalent of used to be called natural philosophy, from which mostof present-day science arose.A. thatB. allC. whichD. what68. Intelligence is to the mind ____ sight is to the body.A. whatB. asC. thatD. like69. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true itcomes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after70. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ____ I heard voices.A. asB. whenC. afterD. while71. much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function of sleep and its differentstages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A. BecauseB. ForC. SinceD. While72. We agreed to accept ____ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whateverB. whomeverC. whicheverD. whoever73. Output is now six times it was before 1990.A. thatB. whatC. for whichD. of that74. Only then aware of the fact that there were more difficulties ahead than he had expected.A. he becameB. did he becameC. did he becomeD. he becomes75. , but it also filters out harmful sun rays.A.The atmosphere gives us air to breatheB.Not only the atmosphere gives us air to breatheC.The atmosphere which gives us air to breatheD.Not only does the atmosphere give us air to breathe76. Beneath the streets of a modern city of walls, columns, cables, pipes, and tunnels required to satisfy the needs of its inhabitants.A. does the network existsB. exist the networkC. exists the networkD. the network exists77. is a wealth of gold, silver, copper and lead.A. Hidden undergroundB. underground hiddenC. It is hidden undergroundD. Underground it is hidden78. is a stream named Peach Brook.A. Across it runsB. Running across itC. It runs acrossD. Running across79. The air inside a house or office building often has higher concentrations of contaminants heavily polluted outside air.A. than doesB. like ofC. moreD. can some that are80. Tired he was, he insisted on going ahead with the plan at once.A. whileB. asC. althoughD. despite81. The experiment requires more money than .A. have been put inB. being put inC. has been put inD. to be put in82. In the course of a day students do far more than just classes.A. attendB. attendedC. to attendD. attending83. It is often more difficult to find trained men than for a research project.A. get financial supportB. to get financial supportC. getting financial supportD. to getting financial support84. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. norB. neitherC. asD. other than85. It is not an agreement , but it will serve as one.A. on suchB. for suchC. as suchD. in such86. Fat cannot change into muscle ____ muscle changes into fat.A. any more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. much more than87. The heart is ____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.A. not soB. not muchC. much moreD. no more88. Language belongs to each one of us, to the flower-seller to the professor.A. as much asB. as far asC. the same asD. as long as89. Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks, the experienced writer is skilled in thehandling of his words.A. asB. thusC. soD. like90. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt ____ lonely.A. nothing butB. anything butC. all butD. everything but91. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much wateryou drink.A. much more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. any more than92. ____ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A. EverybodyB. AnybodyC. SomebodyD. Nobody93. Tom better than to ask his brother to help at such a critical moment.A. shallB. has knownC. shouldn’tD. should have known94. , he never alters a decision.A. Come what mayB. What may comeC. May what comeD. May come whatever95. for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not beenB. Were it notC. Be it notD. Should it not be96. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half ____.A. of last year’sB. those of last year’sC. of those of last yearD. that of last year’s97. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ____ me that evening.A. had interruptedB. would have interruptedC. to have interruptedD. to interrupt98. I cannot be grateful for his kindness.A. veryB. quiteC. soD. too99. ―I can’t praise his work .‖ George said.A. enoughB. greatlyC. yetD. also100. I tried to relax because I knew I would use up my oxygen sooner _____.A. the more excited I gotB. I got excited moreC. and more I got excitedD. and I got more excitedPart Two Error Detection and CorrectionType One1.Ms. Amelia Earhart, like many of the world’s greatest heroes, sacrificed their life for theA B Csake of adventure, glory and country.D2. Man has used metals for centuries in gradual increasing quantities, but it was not until the IndustrialA BRevolution that they came to be employed in real vast quantities.C D3. Numerous efforts have been made to improve the laws governing air pollution, but none have been asA B Csuccessful as them devised by the state of Oregon.D4. One sign by which you are making progress in an art such as painting or photography is that you beginA B Cto realize how much there is to learn.D5. Science fiction is any fiction dealing with the future or with so imaginative subjects as interstellarA B Ctravel, life on the planets, or time travel.D6. People cannot but feel puzzling, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such aA B C Dstupid mistake.7. If only the nature of the aging process is better understood, the possibility of discovering a medicineA B Cthat can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote.D8. Allen has stated that he has always had a great interest and admiration for the work of the BritishA B C Deconomist Keynes.9. The same molecular orderliness that makes crystals so easy to analyze mathematically makes themA B Cdifficult using in the laboratory or the factory.D10. Only after being asked several times he told us the story of his adventures on the remote island.A B C D11. When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turned off all power in their homes,A B Cstreets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.D12. So numerous the inventions were devised to lessen the drudgery of washing clothes that the origin ofA B Cthe washing machine is unclear.D13. As it often has, the government appears to be following a ―divide and conquer‖ strategy to drive aAwedge among its moderate parliamentary opposition and the more radical student and labor groups.B C D14. Not only did Japan’s deadliest earthquake in a half-century ruins its most modern port butA B Creconstruction might absorb as much as $400 billion.D15. That novel is definitely a dense-packed narrative, but one which requires a vast knowledge of culturalA B Cbackground or an excellent encyclopedia.D16. In truth, it is just the human capacity for sensing, imagining, having an intuition about all we have not seen orA Bdirectly experienced which makes it possible for us to reform human societies which can exist together.C D17. Although television relays are often placed on hills and mountains so that they can cover more land asA B C one could see from the same hilltop on a clear day.D18. There are also some people who object to fiction stories for the grounds that they are not objectivelyA B C Dtrue.19. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each makes one major point inA B Ccontrast with the other.D20. The problem of unemployment the governments want solved is as serious as never in theseA B C underdeveloped countries.D21. Yesterday afternoon, walking along the road, a small flower pot fell from the balcony of a house, andA B Cknocked him unconscious.D22. As Christmas approached, with people crowded department stores, restaurants , theaters and movieAhouses, the downtown area was, as always, the busiest.B C D23. Of the best of my knowledge, he did very well in his previous job.A B C D24. In many states, the law forbids citizens from carrying pistols or rifles without first having obtained aA B Cspecial permit.D25. Mr. Jankin regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was hi sown fault.A B C D26. When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believing that the public willA B C Dappreciate his gift.27. Much although I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whateverA B Cthe job.D28. The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to publicA Bassistance and health than the United States does.C D29. The conveniences that Americans desire reflecting not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyleA Bin which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.C D30. There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which does not bring aA B Creturn in money to the community.D31. Astronauts can be affected by loneliness. They may have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with veryA B Clittle to do and no one to talk.D32. Many species can communicate an amazing amount of information via sound, information which bothA B Cthe life of an individual and the continued existence of the species may depend.D33. Electronic mail to describe an upcoming workshop should use only if potential participants use thisA B Cform of communication regularly.D34. Confucius—a statesman, scholar, and educator of great skill and reputation—is generally held to beA BChina’s greatest and most influence philosopher.C D35. Evidently we didn’t understand the direction, for we made a wrong turn and found us lost, confused asA B C Dto which way we should go.36. Vincent Van Gogh killed himself when he was only 37, but he left behind him more than 2 000A Bpaintings and drawings, that established his reputation in a way he would never have consideredC Dpossible.37. If you read Canadian English Dictionaries, you’ll certainly find both American and British spellingsAlisting, and the first word is the spelling preferred by the educated Canadian majority.B C D38. Each culture has its own distinctive ways of seeing, feeling, thinking, speaking, believing and just likeA B C no two humans are identical in all respects, so no two cultures are identical in all respects.D39. According to Maxwell Malt, our successes and failures depend largely on our own conception ofA Bourselves, namely, how do we see ourselves.C D40. Many young consumers do not have steady incomes, so they might have difficulty to borrow moneyA B Cfrom an agency in business to make loans.D41. I often wonder what my life would be like if I didn’t go to the beach that afternoon when I was 14.A B C D42. The police finally caught up with the man whom they thought was the escaped prisoner.A B C D43. To the finalists, Peter and I, the last high jump was the most exciting as well as the most difficult.A B C D44. The emergence of electronic funds-transfer technology makes possible to change the nature of moneyA B Cand to divorce it from evil.D45. Not too many years ago my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassedA Bto see jogging in public.C D46. Despite this similarity with other creatures, the evolution of humankind differs from other species inA B Cone important and unique way.D47. The president devoted his energies to update the curricula, making the education offered at WashingtonA B CCollege as meaningful and usual as possible.D48. The logic of scientific development is such that separates groups of men working on the dame problemA B Cin far-scattered laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.D49. I intend to move that we’ll have a general cleaning after class this afternoon.A B C D50. The reason I’m planning to pay a visit to Tibet is because I want to gain a real access to nature.A B C D51. As a bad-tempered man, he would not tolerate having his lectures interrupted as if he were someA B Cobscure candidate making an election speech.D52. I regret having left the work unfinished; I should plan everything ahead carefully.A B C D53. Because some of the representatives still not there, the conference is put off until further notice.A B C D54. The union and the management are having such difficult time agreeing on a contract for theA B Cforthcoming year that the workers may go on strike.D55. The changes that took place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completelyA B Cimpossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.D56. The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man wasA B C DPrince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.57. Office revolution not only has changed how work is done but redefined the function of everyone whoA B Cworks in an office.D58. It is required by law that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice is given that heA B Cno longer has to pay her.D59. At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than theA B C writing of features and editorials.D60. The telegraph opened up the possibility of almost instantaneous communication and thereby offeringA B Cmany practical advantages to people in all walks of life.D61. A visit to the chateau included sampling the wine, discussing its merits, and then, if you are fortunate,A Bto have a chat with the marquis.C D62. Civilization resulted from the ability of human beings to control fire, cultivate crops, train animals, andA B Cbuilt permanent homes.D63. It was in the 1920’s that the arched-top guitar was first developed commercially in the United StatesA B Cand use in dance bands.D64. There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked research projects will accountA Bfor an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, to do much to protect our diminishingC Dresources.65. During the Second World War many of Poland’s greatest cities, including Warsaw and Danzig, were allA Bbut destroyed, their museums looted and their historic buildings had been burned.C D66. The integration of independent states could best be brought about by first creating a centralA Borganization with authorities over technical economic tasks.C D67. Mumps are a very common disease which usually affects children.A B C D68. The boy is constantly being told not to scratch the paint off the wall, but he goes on to do it all theA B C Dsame.69. If it doesn’t rain within the next weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are to be survived.A B C D70. One of the most important social graces is punctuality, which means arriving on time. For most socialA B Cengagements, it often causes inconvenience for a guest coming either earlier of later than the suggestedDhour.Type TwoDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage there are 10 mistakes, ONE mistake in each Numbered Line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Write your answer on the ANWSER SHEET as in the following Example:。
中科院考博英语 培训资料 短文补全课堂讲义-08年12月
中科院考博英语培训资料短文补全课堂讲义-08年12月第一部分大纲要求阅读理解共分两节。
要求考生能：1）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；2）进行相关的判断和推理；3）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；4）领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。
其中B节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。
考生须完成700－900词的阅读量（2篇短文），并根据每篇文章（约400词）的内容，从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
解题步骤第一步迅速浏览一下文章第二步迅速浏览选项第三步通读全文并答题第二部分阅读技巧Section A 基本句式和从句：文章的难度是由什么决定的？1．基本句式：2．从句1．从句的划分：从句分为定语从句，状语从句和名词从句三大类。
一、定语从句关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：1. There are occasions when (on which) onemust yield.2. Beijing is the place where (in which) I wasborn.3. Is this the reason why (for which) herefused our offer?4. I'm surprised the way how (by which) heworks out the problem.as，than，but也可以用作关系代词：☆The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand.☆The telephone, as we know, was theinvention of Alexander Graham Bell.☆I never heard such stories as he tells.☆Her attitude to him was quiet the same as it had always been.☆You spend more money than was intended to be spent.☆There are very few but admire his talent. (but = who don’t)二、状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
北京大学考博英语辅导材料听力部分
北京大学考博英语辅导材料听力部分北京大学考博英语辅导材料听力部分Listening OneSection A StatementIn this section you will hear nine statements.At the end of the statement you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.Now listen to the statements.1.The speaker meansA.he borrowed$100from Alice.B.Alice gave him$I00back.C.he lent$100to Alice.D.he returned Alice$100.2.We can infer that George is veryA.considerate.B.forgetfulC.open-minded./doc/f713934296.html,zy3.The statement implies thatA,a room was reserved for us.B.we finally stayed at a big hotel.C.it took us no time to find a hotel room.D.we had to live in a suburban hotel,4.Rita will start training becauseA,she will take part in the tournament.B.she will quit the tournament.C.the tournament will begin tomorrow.D,the tournament will last two weeks.5.The speaker meansA.she worked longer hours than before.B.she had been a teacher before.C.she worked harder than she had thought.D.she has been well prepared for the new job.6.The washing machineA.is working as it used to be.B.isn't working as quietly as it was.C.can't work now.D.has stopped making noise.A.he had high efficiency today.B.he hoped to be a manager.C.he did little today.D.he had low efficiency today.8.The speaker impliesA.they didn't help him.B.they were very helpful.C.he didn't need their help.D.it was hard for them to help him.9.How did Steve die?A.Steve died in an air crash.B.Steve died of lung cancer.C.Steve was murdered.D.Steve was killed by a fire.Section B ConversationIn this section,you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.Now listen to the conversation.10.The woman must return the tapes to the library byA.May5th.B.the end of May.C.June5th.D.July5th.l1.The conversation takes placeA.in a shop.B.in a hospital.C.at a fancy party.D.at a market.12.The woman is probably going toA.look for another job.,B.teach a different textbook.C.teach the same thing as before.D.have a holiday.13.How did the man find the movie?A.Boring.B.Interesting.C.Exciting.D.Terrifying.14.What kind of job does the woman want to do?A.Work in a company.B.Teach in the school.C.Work in a travel agency.D.Go abroad for further studies.15.____teachers who had been invited went to dinner last Saturday.A.FourteenB.TwentyC.SixD.Eight16.Who repaired the car?A.The man.B.The woman.C.The garage.D.The office.17.The conversation most probably takes place atA.home.B.a hotel.C.a restaurant.D.a port.18.The woman's attitude towards the man isA.inquiring.B.refusing.C.accepting.D.inviting.Section CListen to a news report.Supply the missing information.I.What should consumers who want to shop online bear in mind?1.Evaluate_____.2.Talk to_____..E mail and wait for______.3.Ensure______.4._____at a cybercafe or other_____connection.II.Mr.And Mrs.Robinson are deciding what to buy at the supermarket.Listen to their conversation and check()the things they need on the shopping list below.Shopping Listbread vegetablesWhite□potatoes□whole wheat□cucumbers□tomatoes□lettuce□dairy produ cts cabbage□eggs□milk□butter□meat&poultryroast beef□pork chops□veal.□fruit chicken□oranges□apples□bananas□Listening TwoSection A StatementIn this section you will hear nine statements.At the end of the statement you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.Now listen to the statements.1.The speaker thinks thatA.Grace made a3-day trip.B.Grace was ill and rested for3days.C.Susan will take Grate's place.D.Susan had3days off.2.The speaker is suggestingA.not going to see the film.B.leaving home at once to see the film.C.the time of the film be changed.D.another time to see the film.3.Jones has_____in his savings.A.100000B.10000C.200000D.500004.The weather wasA.rainy.B.sunny.C.cloudy.D.snowy.5.What does the statement means?A.He was delayed for3hours.B.He finally didn't get to the airport.C.He should have arrived at2o'clock.D.He had planned to arrive at1o'clock.6.We know thatA.he doesn't like traveling.B.he traveled little.C.he doesn't like to travel by air.D.his airsickness prevents him from traveling.7.The man intends toA.make an apology.B.give an explanation.C.show his regret.D.scold his wife.8.The speaker thinks thatA.too many social activities may prevent the students from studying.B.the students should take part in as many social activities as possible.C.the students shouldn't join any social activity.D.the students can study better through many social activities.9.What does the statement mean?A.Henry passed both the practical and written exams.B.Henry failed in both practical and written exams.C.Henry passed one of the two exams.D.The teacher failed Henry in the practical exam.Section B ConversationIn this section,you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.Now listen to the conversations.10.We learn from the conversation the woman.A.doesn't need a job.B.does not want to work fight away.C.likes making phone call.D.is looking for a job.11.What happened to Mary?A.She survived the crash.B.Her car was not severely damaged.C.Nothing happened to her or the car.D.She died of the car crash.12.The woman implies thatA.she doesn't want him to sit.B.the seat is vacant.C.the seat is occupied by someone.D.the man can sit.13.The relationship between the woman and the man mightbeA.servant and customer.B.mother and son.C.friends.D.a couple.14.What can we learn about the man and woman?A.Both of them lost their bikes for good.B.Both of them have had their bikes back.C.The woman stole the man's bike.D.Both lost their bikes,but the woman has claimed hers back.15.What does the statement imply?A.The man agrees with the woman.B.The man holds different views from the woman.C.The woman is unhappy to see famous people.D.The man likes none of the commercials.16.The conversation might take placeA.in the Lost Property Office.B.in a shop.C.in a police station.D.in a park.17.According to the man,driving across LondonA.takes one hour.B.takes half an hour.C.may be long or short.D.is not allowed during rush hour.18.The woman suggests that the manA.buy a new car.B.buy a used car.C.shouldn't buy a car.D.save his money.Section CI.Listen to a passage about'the origins of money.Fill in the blanks with missing words.When we think of money today,we picture it either as round,flat pieces of_____which we call coins,or as printed paper______.However,the____method of exchange was barter in which goods were exchanged____for other goods.Problems arose when either someone did____what was being offered in exchange for the other good,or if___could be reached over how much one good was worth in terms of the other.Valuable metals such as_____and silver began acting as a medium of /doc/f713934296.html,ernments then decided to______down these metals into By the____century people were leaving gold with the local_____for safe keeping.Receipts of￡1and￡5were issued which could then be____back into gold at any time.Soon these_____were recognized as being"as good as gold"and were readily taken in _____for goods.Goldsmiths became the first______and their receipts began to circulate as Nowadays,however,notes are not usually used to buy expensive items such as cars.The buyer is more likely to write out a_____which instructs his bank to_____money from his account into the account of the seller.Hence bank_____act as money.Now listen to the passage again.II.Now listen to the tape.You are going to hear a panel discussion about the fight to own a handgun.Five people will express their opinions.Listen to the discussion and place a check to show whether each speaker is for the right to own a gun or against it.For AgainstPaul□□Jane□□Roger□□Steven□□Suzi e□□Write a few words about each person's opinion.Listen again and check your answers.Listening ThreeSection A StatementIn this section you will hear seven statements.At the end of the statement you will be given10seconds toanswer each of the following seven questions.Now listen to the statements.1.What are they doing now?A.Moving to London.B.Looking for a new job.C.Searching for a flat.D.Hunting for a house.2.What is the profession of the speaker?A.A doctor.B.A typist.C.A lecturer.D.A mathematician.3.This means that the cashiers areA.helpful.B.unprofessional.C.professionalD.unskillful.4.What does the speaker mean?A.He's not definite about the trip.B.He would like to take more trips.C.He's decided against taking the trip.D.He doesn't like discussing the trip.5.The speaker isA.self-employed.B.jobless.C.a social security officer.D.a professional baby-sitter.6.This advice means that you shouldA.mm suddenly to one side.B.slow down gradually.C.brake immediately.D.clear out the glass.7.When did the crime take place?/doc/f713934296.html,st night.B.This morning.C.Several days ago.D.Yesterday afternoon.Section B ConversationIn this section,you will hear eight short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following eight questions.Now listen to the conversations.8.How is the woman doing in the course?A.She hasn't been doing much of the reading.B.She understood the reading last night.C.She isn't having much trouble.D.She understands very little.9.What can be concluded about Andrew?A.Winter is his favorite tinge for sports.B.Sports are quite important to him.C.He should be more enthusiastic.D.He plays better than he used to.10.What does the woman mean?A.Paul had better drop more than one course.B.Paul's course is the best of the five.C.Paul is an excellent student.D.Paul's idea is probably a good one.11.What are these people complaining about?A.The noise.B.The heat.C.The workload.D.The crowdedness.12.What does the man mean?A.Ann can go with him this afternoon.B.Ann's almost as busy as he is.C.Ann has a lot to do today.D.Ann might finish by noon.13.Where should the woman write to her friend?A.At the post office.B.At his home address.C.At his mountain cabin.D.At his uncle's address.14.What does the man want the university to do?A.Do away with certain required classes.B.Offer more basic classes.C.Enroll fewer students.D.Encourage more compulsory discussions.15.What does the woman say about Carl?A.She doesn't know when his classes start.B.She's surprised that he chose that company.C.She doubts he makes much money now.D.She wonders why he's not returned to school.Section CI.You will hear a conversation between a couple on tour and another tourist who is offering them advice. Listen to the dialog and indicate with a check()whether the visitors have already done or have not yet done the activities listed.Done not donevisited the science muse um□□taken a bus tour□□been to the zoo□□seen the art gallery□□tried the seafood□□Now listen again and check your answers.II.You are going to hear a recording about homelessness in America.Work out the following outline by filling in the gaps.Outline1.The scope of homeless problemA.Earlier administrations since the early1980s:__________________.B.Clinton administration:______________________.2.The causes of homelessnessA.Earlier administrations:______________.B.Clinton administration:________________.3.The current situation of homelessnessA.________________of the people that are homeless are____________.B________________of the people that are homelessare________________.Listening FourSection A StatementIn this section you will hear eight statements.At the end of the statement you will be given10seconds toanswer each of the following eight questions.Now listen to the statements.1.Joe went to court because he was a/doc/f713934296.html,w breaker.B.trainee lawyer.C.friend of the judge.D.traffic policeman.2.Where did the speaker think they were supposed to meet?A.On the platform.B.On the train.C.Near the stairs.D.At the information desk.3.What is being described?A.Telephone.B.Telegraph.C.Microfilm.D.Microscope.4.How long was the coach delayed?A.Three hours and forty-five minutes.B.Five and a half hours.C.Two hours and forty-five minutes.D.Eight hours and fifteen minutes.5.What does the speaker imply?A.I want you to have a fully enjoyable holiday.B.Your plans for the trip interest me a lot.C.I think you should arrive according to the plan.D.We are now making plans for your journey.6.What does the speaker mean?A.The shop told me this would happen.B.I didn't know it would be like this.C.It became smaller but still fits me.D.The cardigan is well worth the price.7.When will the writer's new book be published?A.In the spring.B.In the summer.C.In the autumn.D.In the winter.8.What does the speaker mean?A.Traveling by car is more dangerous than by air.B.There are300air crashes each year in the U.S.C.The air crashes each year kill about50000people.D.Traveling by plane is more dangerous than by car.Section B ConversationIn this section,you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.Now listen to the conversations.9.What does the man mean?A.It's really nice to have a change.B.They ought to have been changed long ago.C.The curtains are of a wrong color.D.The curtains are still quite good.10.The woman's usual attitude towards films isA.mixed.B.fascinated.C.enthusiastic.D.disinterested.11According to the conversation,the woman's sisterA.was probably upset.B.had little education.C.always writes like that./doc/f713934296.html,ually never writes.12.The man's purpose in visiting was toA.take a course.B.see the city.C.go to the park.D.take a rest.13.What does the man indicate?A.Most people like the museum.B.It is difficult to get up early.C.There might be varied opinions.D.It is a problem to get there.14.What does the woman mean?A.She does not really need his help.B.She has not started thinking about it yet.C.She is very grateful to the man for his advice.'D.She has already talked with the man.15.Which of the following best describes the woman's reaction?A.Overjoyed.B.Confused.C.Surprised.D.Supportive.16.The woman is going to the supermarket tomorrowbecauseA.the supermarket is closing down after Christmas.B.the man is going to help her with shopping.C.tomorrow is the only day she is free before Christmas.D.she wants to get enough food for the holiday period.17.John is going to France becauseA.he'll start a new business in properties.B.he has been left property there.C.he's made a fortune with his uncle.D.his uncle wants his company here.Section CI.You are going to hear people talking about some of the delegates to an international conference.There are people at the conference from many different countries.Listen to the conversations.How many places do you hear mentioned?Circle them on the list:AustriaAustraliaIndiaIndonesiaMichiganMexicoNew ZealandNigeriaThailandII.Outline1.Buying a houseA.____________________1._______________of a family's income2.depending on______________.B.way to buy a house___________________2.Living in a landlord's home--advantagesA.cheaperB.________________.3.Buying an apartment--condominium1._______________:bank loan repaid in regular repayments:2._________________:an apartment building in which the apartments are owned individuallyNow listen again and check your answers.Listening FiveSection A StatementIn this section you will hear nine statements.At the end of the statement you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following nine questions.Now listen to the statement.1.What does the speaker mean?A.John was unhappy with his dormitory.B.John's dormitory wasn't full.C.John didn't meet me at the door.D.There wasn't any vacant room.2.What does the statement imply?A.We are sorry that we both failed.B.Mary is envious of Jane's success.C.We are amazed by the fact.D.Jane is envious of Mary's success.3.The speaker thinks thatA.writing is his favorite course.B.he prefers other courses to composition.C.one particular course is better than writing.D.he doesn't like any course,least of writing.4.What does the speaker imply?A.He didn't finish the exercises yesterday.'B.The exercises were handed in yesterday.C.He knew the exercises should be handed in today.D.He doesn't need to hand in the exercises today.5.The speaker was______minutes late.A.50B.15B.30 D.106.What does the statement mean?A.He didn't attend the exam.B.He didn't do the spelling.C.He was good at spelling.D.He ignored his spelling.7.According to the statement,the house isA.badly built.B.noisy inside.C.very dirty,D.in disorder.8.David decided to take the express train becauseA.he was in a hurry to get home.B.he did not enjoy flying at all.C.he needed time to be on his own.D.he had booked a seat on the train.9.The weather last weekend wasA.warm and dry.B.cold and wetC.cool and crispD.sunny and lovely.Section B ConversationIn this section,you will hear seven short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following seven questions.Now listen to the conversations.10.Between getting up and her meeting,the woman had aboutA.6hours.B.40minutes.C.4hours.D.30minutes.11.The conversation probably took place inA.Rome.B.Paris.C.London.D.Madrid.12.What does the woman mean?A.She hasn't read the passage.B.She doesn't understand it either.C.She cannot read it in darkness.D.She suggests that the man read it.13.What does the woman mean?A.The job is advertised in English.B.The advertisement is in an English paper.C.She offers the man English and computer skills.D.English and computer skills are essential for the job.14.Vincent solved his problem byA.going directly to the boss.B.talking to his parents.C.asking his mother to speak to his boss.D.telling his boss's mother abut his problem.15.What had the woman assumed?A.They had received a broken computer.B.She knew how to repair the computer.C.The computer couldn't be fixed.D.They'd have to buy another one.16.The couple had previously planned toA.go boating.B.play golf.C.go cycling.D.play tennis.Section CI.You will hear two people talking about friends they used to know when they were college students.Listen to their conversation.Then match each person's name with the phrase that describes that person.Richard Thomas studying at Stanfordworking in New YorkBobbie Worth working in Chicagoliving in FranceEllen Rosenberg working in Los Angelesworking in BostonDan Collins traveling in Asialiving in San FranciscoCarol Chin studying in TexasII.Listening to a description of today's banking /doc/f713934296.html,plete the outline.Banking at Home1.Some problems of the walking-in bankA.standing in long linesB.running out of checksC.__________________________.2._____________________________.A.viewing accountsB.moving money between accountsC.applying for a loanD.getting_________________.E.paying bills electronicallyF.___________________to the bank3.Reasons for creating online servicesA.________________________.B.taking advantage of modem technology4.Inappropriateness of online banking for some peopleA._______________________________B.preferring to handle accounts for the traditional way2000Listening TestSection ADirections:In this section you will hear20statements.Each statement will be spoken only once.At the end of the statement you will be given12seconds to answer each of the questions.The questions are printed out for you.Now please listen:1.The speaker is talking to a_____.A.doctor.B.pharmacist.C.mechanic.D.waiter.2.What is the speaker's attitude?A.He couldn't agree any more.B.He agrees completely.C.He agrees partially.D.He couldn't stand it any more.3.How much did Mr.Dawson pay for the sweater?A.$30.B.$13.C.$80.D.$18.4.What does'staying healthy'mean today?A.You should often go to a doctor.B.Going to a doctor regularly helps.C.Keep fit and strong all the time.D.You should never go to a doctor.5.Where is the speaker?A.In a bank.B.In a restaurant.C.In an office.D.In a shop.6.The speaker regretted having______.A.missed the game.B.gone to the game.C.won the game.D.missed the bet.7.What does the speaker think about teachers?A.Teachers get much satisfaction from work.B.Teachers get little satisfaction from work.C.Few teachers are satisfied with their work.D.Few teachers are satisfied with their salary.8.The speaker is comparing two_____.A.research projects.B.political declarations.C.kinds of candies.D.political events.9.What does the speaker mean?A.John was unhappy with his dormitory.B.John's dormitory wasn't full.C.John didn't meet me at the door.D.There wasn't any vacant room.10.What does the statement imply?A.We are sorry that we both failed.B.Mary is envious of Jane's success.C.We are amazed by the fact.D.Jane is envious of Mary's success.11.Speaker thinks that_____.A.writing is his favorite course.B.he prefers other courses to composition.C.one particular course is better than writing.D.he doesn't like any course,least of writing.12.What does the speaker imply?A.He didn't finish the exercises yesterday.B.The exercises were handed in yesterday.C.He knew the exercises should be handed in today.D.He doesn't need to hand in the exercises today.13.The speaker was_____minutes late.A.50B.15C.30D.1014.What does the statement mean?A.The speaker didn't attend the exam.B.The speaker didn't do the spelling..C.The speaker was good at spelling,D.The speaker ignored his spelling.15.According to the statement,the house is.A.badly built.B.noisy inside.C.very dirty.D.in disorder.:16.The weather last weekend was___.A.warm and dry.B.cold and wet.C.cool and crisp.D.sunny and lovely.17.Joe went to court because he was a____./doc/f713934296.html,w breaker.B.trainee lawyer.C.friend of the judge.D.traffic policeman.18.Where did the speaker think they were supposed to meet?A.On the platform.B.On the train.B.Near the stairs. D.At the information desk.19.What is being described?A.Telephone.B.Telegraph.C.Microfilm.D.Microscope.20.How long was the coach delayed?A.Three hours and forty five minutes.B.Five and a half hours.C.Two hours and forty five minutes.D.Eight hours and fifteen minutes.Section BDirections:In tiffs section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.Each conversation will be:spoken only once.At the end of each conversation,you will be given12seconds to answer each of the following questions.The questions are printed out for you.Now please listen:。
北京考博英语辅导班作文重点词组点津
爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial ris ks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuring 加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 control inflation (keep inflation under control) 扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor 扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings) 让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (massproduction (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development andefficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market 招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas) 制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future,inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性 give full play to the initiative andcreativity ofintellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new(ring out the old year and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development ofchildren both physically and mentally促进交流promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the marketsfor cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit one’s potential开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological思想，倡导科学精神knowledge, spread scientific thought and advocate the 启发学生 scientific spirit enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral精神和实践能力为重点的 education and emphasizing creativity and practice素质教育使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 Improve the overall quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth.(cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on)the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to的成就the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education 与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education 重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion 注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources 调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rightssituation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录 beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 s erve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match 配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics 失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games可编辑主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn .精品。
北京考博英语辅导班讲义[1]
![北京考博英语辅导班讲义[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8d0bb7d9998fcc22bcd10d59.png)
北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策 list…..as fundamental national policies 把…作为指导 take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major)contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption 观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效 go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进 open up new ways forward科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education 理顺关系 rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations 迈出重要的一步 make an important step热爱和平 love peace深化改革 deepen the reform审时度势 size up the situation实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立 realize national independence实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策 practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平 maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布…召开 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治国 govern the country according to law引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall)national strength andinternational competitiveness展望伟大征程 look into the great journey展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部 revive the west振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开 make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions追求进步 pursue progress追求真理 seek the truth走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则 follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断 break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进 surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产 notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场 enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 exploit markets控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition 牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务 perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the pastand usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性 give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the oldyear and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流 promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力 tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit one’s potential开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生 enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice 素质教育使英语达到更高水平 push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive theessence推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to的成就 the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识 strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities 产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式 pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers 提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识 improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母 disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活 reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human 控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权 safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rightssituation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见 ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games 打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录 beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs 符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛 ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军 miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力 wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手 choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract China’s top university players 向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn。
2012年考博英语冲刺班5-7课阅读讲义
考博英语阅读理解冲刺串讲班主讲人：金威主讲四个方面第一：复习方案难度与大学六级相当，有一些固定的模式。
第二：阅读基本思路第三：考场应试阅读第四：模拟题Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed."The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study.Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes.For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions" but which are not economic leaders.The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. "The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth."Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble ( 嘈杂声)."1. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America isA) focused on tapping students' potentialB) characterized by its diversityC) losing its vitality graduallyD) going downhill in recent years2. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.A) it lacks a coordinated national programB) it sets a very low academic standard for studentsC) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachersD) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects3. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice ________.A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantityB) offers an environment for comprehensive educationC) encourages learning both in depth and in scopeD) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics4. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they willA) provide depth to school science educationB) solve most of the problems in school teachingC) be able to meet the demands of the communityD) quickly dominate U.S. educational practice5. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because ________.A) there is always controversy in educational circlesB) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing soC) school districts are responsible for making their own decisionsD) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards.2I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves.One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation C would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence . A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.1. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?A) They lived out a natural life.B) They died due to lack of care by family members.C) They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.D) They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.2. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because ________.A) he had great sympathy for the deceasedB) he wanted to console the two familiesC) he was priest of the local churchD) he was an official from the community3. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________A) they believe that they were responsibleB) they had neglected the natural course of eventsC) they couldn't find a better way to express their griefD) they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction4. In the context of the passage, "... the world makes sense" (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.A) we have to be sensible in order to understand the worldB) everything in the world is predeterminedC) there's an explanation for everything in the worldD) the world can be interpreted in different ways5. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.A) every story should have a happy endingB) their wishes are the cause of everything that happensC) life and death is an unsolved mysteryD) everybody is at their command。
人大考博英语辅导班讲义--阅读
English20092009@Password: 119119高级技能辅导词汇与阅读1．总体安排1）全面概览，查漏找缺：词汇，语法：A; 认知性；复用性；a/anact n. 法律，法案law，bill, statute, constitution, legal code, rules, regulation, draft, treaty, convention , 2007 2006 20051. Voc: 10 3.5 4 32. Read:5. Writing 13 02) 针对漏缺，专项攻破:3)综合练习，全面提高Internet , influenceWeb, net; effect, impact同义互释；主题词猜答案；2．考试概况3．词汇辅导4．阅读辅导---alt: high, heightAltitude==al, 高gao;Exalt: ex---: oute--, er--: herd, herb:althorn, altherbase:高草群落--spir，--sper：breatheSpirit，conspire, conspiracy, desperate, exasperated, inspire, SARS---severe acute respiratory syndrome--it: go, walk exit==go out visit==go to see initiate==go intoBeing===系动词；人，生物体；be==实意动词，live，existT o be, or not be;This is a question.--mut---: change mutation, mutable, mutability, mutase: 变位酶latitude=维度wei, longitude==经度，jing, attitude, multitude, magnitude---spic，---spis，--spec--, ---spect: see, lookConspicuous==obvious, evident, suspicious, suspicion, despise, speculate, respectful, inspection, prospective, retrospect==look back, suspect, introspect==look inside, spectator, spectacle, spectacularDivert---: di--, dis--, dif--: away, apart, divide, divorce, different--vers, ---vert: turn, change historical reversal---turn back; al, diverse, convert, conversation, versatile, adversary: against, opposite《英语词汇的奥秘》，蒋争，中国国际广播出版社P25Conference==meetingT o err is human.Confidential sth to sb., preside; private, personal, secret,Prefer, transfer, infer, differ, defer….Pre---: before prepare, predict, preview---scribe, --script: writeInscribe, inscription; describe, description; proscribe, prescribe, prescription subscribe, manuscriptBe occupied with==be busy with: timeBe preoccupied with ==concentrate/focus/bent on/ be absorbed inUsed to do===Be used to doing===Out of question==no probemOut of the question===impossibleInoculate==instillInstructor, mentor, director, tutor---struct: build ob---, op-: against; ad---Construct==, obstruct==build against,Intestinal obstructionIntestine; --is, --es --itis: ; diabetes==diabetesdestroy, structure, infrastructureobsess: be obsessed/absorbed inobesity---ful, ---ous: beautiful, dangerous---ive, ---ate,----ent: active, permissive, considerate, intelligent, diligent---able,---ible, ----uble: eatable, edible; visible, insoluble ==solve--ic, --cal, ---al:Respectful, respectable, respective; intelligent, intelligible, intellectual;Incredible, increditable, incredulous; considerable, considerate; economic, economical; historic, historical; healthy, healthfulPreeminent:Impressive== --pressImpress: express, oppress,Depressant, stimulantDe---: downgene---, gen--, ---gn: producegenetic, genetics, eugenics,benign, malignantbene--, beni---: goodP24-251-5 DCABD6-10 BCABD11-15 CAAAA16-20 DDABAP25---27a. 1C 2D 3C 4A 5D6A 7B 8D 9A 10Db. 1D 2C 3C 4D 5A6C 7C 8B 9A 10Cc. 1D 2A 3B 4A 5C6B 7C 8D 9C 10Ad. 1D 2B 3A 4A 5 D6C 7 B 8D 9A 10BProvided that…..---lev: high, height level, lever, maglev==magnetically levitated train---tain, ---tin, ----ten: keepSustainable, detain, container, maintainable=maintenance, obtain, attain, continue==keep ontenant, tenacious--ant: 人：assistant, accountant, flight attendant---剂：stimulant, depressant, retardant, insect repellantRepel: --pel, --pul: pushPropeller ==push forward, impel==push into,Repel===push back,Expel==push outExpel==expulsionDispel===push away, compel==push together, compulsory, compulsion, pulse, impulse---ceed, ---cede, ---cess:Go, walk; ---it, ---gress:Aggressive==go towardsProgress=go forward, ingress==go intoEgress=go out,Transgression==go acrossProceed=go forward, precede==go before, succeed==go after/behind, exceed==go out,recede==go backeconomic recession, concede==go together, inaccessible==go towards, procedure, pacify==pacific entrance/entry/access to internet/WTOar--, ac--, ag---: to/towardsprocess, unprecedent, success, successive, successfulcontra--, contro--: against, oppositeas soon as ===hardly when===no sooner thandis--: away , apart---tract: pull, drawTractor, contract==pull together, extract==pull out, abstract==pull away from, attract=pull towardsive, subtract==pull down/underinter---: between internet, international, intercity, interstate, interview,---fereinterrupt== --rupt: break,corrupt= , volcanic eruption===break outdisrupt==break away/apart--ject: throw, castInterject==Reject=throw back, projectile=throw forward, inject=throw intoion, deject==depress==throw down, projector, eject==throw outruin, spoil; hurt/wound, injuredSpare the rod, spoil the child.--mini--, min--: tinyMinute organism/ minimum, mini-skirt/car/busApproximately--proximityEf---:, ex--, e--:fuse--, fus---: pour, flowRefuse==pour/flow back, infuse=flow/pour into, confusion, effuse, profuse, interfuse, perfuse, transfuse==Trans: change translate, transform, transaction, transplant, transfer--scend: comeAscend, descendent---mit, ---mis: sendDismiss==send away/apart, missile, emit==send out, waste emission, omit, omission, permit, admit,Pseudo--: falsePseudo-somethingPseudopodium: 伪足--ped, ---pod: footCentipede, pedal, pedestrian, peddler, tripod--nym：name synonym, antonym; acronym==NBA, WTO, NASA : acrobathttp:==hypertext transmission/fer protocol词组测试出题思路：1.动词词组：动同介副异；Fall over/in/up/out动异介副同:Work out, figure out, make out, take outOn，off；up，down；Put on, take on, get on:Get off; take off:Go on, keep on;Break off, cut off,T urn on, turn off, show is onPut/come/make/ Across；in，out；In turn, in return, in terms of, in the long/short run;Seaquake; tsunamiHard-to-get-to placesThe women-would-jump-Onto-the-chair-at-the-sight-the-mouse era passed.Freshmen, blue-blooded,Green-eyed==envious==jealous, red-eyed:on the 2nd thought, think twice;one thousand and one ways to express selfThere are numerous greenflies on the stems and leaves of certain plants. Greenfly: fly butterfly, dragonfly, horsefly, gadflyFirefly; lightflygreenroom, greenhouse滋，呲，喵，哞叽，咯，嘎Soar==嗖, baby-boom, boost,Poptop，pop the ball into the basketRenaissance, Aristotle;Fix af—affix prefix, suffixPend---:hangExpend, suspend, spend, pendant, pendulumCrus--, cruc--: crucial, cruciform, cruciferous flowersCin--: burn, ash;Incinerator, incineration, cinders, CinderellaCommunications satelliteAstronautEmpty the box.The paper is only an introduction and a conclusion sandwiched with some extracts from other thesis.Air, aero--Plane, telephoneVegetable==veg,Cab, cabman, cabbyHeli copter; auto mobileBird influenza Flu, fridge== refrigeratorXmas, fax==facsimile2.介副词词组：3.固定搭配Centimeter==cm, financeeActor, -ess: actress, tiger==tigress, princessLa Nina , hiphop:HopstitchWorld wide web==World wide watchY oung urban professionals= yuppieHomepage,Car Care, litter—rubbishLog on重要词汇复习思路abandon (desert, discard, give up，let go, relinquish) abide by (obey, observe, comply with, conform to)A. abideB. conformC. complyD. observe______ to lawabolish (cancel, eliminate, get rid of)acceptable, accessible, available, adaptable accident(ally), incident(ally), event(ually), incidence==rate of occurringacquaint (with), acquire, require, inquire, enquire adapt, adjust, accommodateaccount (for, to, on account of, take into account) accumulate addiction, addition, condition, prediction adapt, adept, adopt admit, permit, allow, promise advocate advanced advantage affect, effect, afford, effort allege allocate altitude, attitude, latitude, longitudeamateur ambitious amendment amusement announcement annoyannual(yearly) anticipate(expect, dream, imagine) anxious appalling, appealing apparent appoint appreciate appropriate approve approximate arbitrary arouse, arise, rise, raise array, arrange argueartificial(man-made) assault(attack) assemble assert assess asset assign(ment) associate (with, to) assume assure(ance) astonish attach to, detach from attain, obtain, contain, sustain, maintain attempt (try, manage) attend to attract, contract, abstract, subtract, distract authentic authority (authorize) automatic average, common, usual, ordinary avoid award, reward be aware of awkward, embarrassed重要词组复习思路break (in, up) call (for, up) check (in, up) come (across, out) cut ( in, off) die (down, out) drop (in, out) fill (in, out) get (back, by) give (in, up) go (after, on) hand (in, out) hold (in, on) keep (from, up) lay (aside, down) live (by, on) look (at, after) make (for, out) pass (away, on) pay (for, off) pull (in, out) put (away, off) result (from, in) run (for, against) see (off, into) set (out, up) show (off, up) stand (by, for) take (in, up) try (on, out) turn (in, on, up) wait (for, on) wear (down, off, out) work (at, on, out) ward off, resort to, stick to, accuse of, attend to, back up, burn (out, up, down), burst into (tears, blames)break into (crying, fire) calm down, dedicate (devote)…to, deprive…of, derive…from, figure out, focus on, concentrate on, center on, count on, depend on, rely on/upon, relieve…from, remind sb. of… shut (up, off) speak (for, of, out) stop(keep, prevent, prohibit, ban)…from高频词汇50 state 42 take 39change 33 say 30 penalty 29 technology 26 result, statement22 global, paragraph 21 live, means 20 cent, consume, radiation 19 company, lack, medical, murder, program 18 increase, space, step 17 aid, mark, possible, rate, used16 choice, deal, social 15 center, graph, point 14 interview, less, mental, physical, reason, soup 13 climate, modern, provide, purpose, tech, traditional 12 ability, drought, kill, knowledge, last, matter, million, pollution, public, revenge, rise, society, spend, stock, title, volunteer 11 culture, emission, function, importance, individual, late, level, limit, material, minute, necessary, nuclear, patient, research, travel, type 10 applicant, cell, common, crime, factor, harmful, international, least, line, main, manner, personal, pressure, prevent, researcher, scientific, serious, sheet 9 complete, confidence, current, drop, effort, environment, estimate, expect, general, government, investment, lead, limited, remain, save, sell, set, traffic, video 8 capable, certain, continue, decade, effect, fuel, imply, involve, likely, living, measure, product, relate, tend, term 7 available, average, avoid, behavior, care, comprehension, cross, electronic, fall, keep, majority, motorist, murderer, natural, occur, popular, price, project, pure, record, refer, regard, retail, seal, section, single, species, suggest, trend, typical, victim 6 acquisition, adapt, allow, apply, approach, astronaut, attack, attitude, balance, clear, complex, concept, control, corporation, damage, data, decline, emergency, endanger, extinct, jam, leave, lie, loss, nature, object, perception, progress, prove,reflect, replace, response, restrict, riot, safety, service, shift, significance, smoke, solve, surrounding, theory, thought, total, tradition, university, value, view 5 adequate, appear, atmosphere, aware, belong, bother, creature, cue, custom, dependent, diagnosis, electrical, entire, exchange, failure, feedback, former, heap, image, immediate, impact, improve, insight, issue, lot, lower, marry, mention, national, network, objective, organize, practical, prefer, previous, raise, reduce, relation, relationship, rescue, safe, self, sense, share, sign, similar, situation, status, store, suffer, survival, threat, transmit, tribe, various, vast, wave, zone4 account, agreement, amount, appliance, arrow, aspect, bamboo, block, broadcast, career, cast, cause, chase, choose, consider, convention, cope, detail, enormous, entertain, evidence, executive, exist, express, extreme, flight, focus, fossil, fundamental, historical, ideal, impression, intend, locate, logical, lost, maintain, major, market, mid, mystery, notion, opinion, organization, overseas, ownership, participate, predict, protect, pump, purchase, rapid, realize, receive, recipe, register, regulation, relief, remains, report, responsible, revolution, risk, rule, satellite, scheme, select, sentence, silence, simple, standard, subject, support, survey, switch, system, taste, technique, throw, topic, trade, train, training, transport, understanding, universal, unusual, vehicle, visual, voltage, whole 3 absorb, academic, access, alive, alternative, appropriate, association, band, basic, bid, broad, cable, challenge, charge, chronic, cite, clue, code, colleague, comfort, construct, contact, crack, curiosity, cycle, desirable, develop, device, divorce, eliminate, entertainment, escape, essential, exception, exhaust, expand, expend, expert, fatal, favor, feasible, female, fiction, funeral, generation, genetic, genuine, goal, gossip, hydraulic, ignore, imagine, indicate, influence, initial, instruction, intelligence, introduction, item, jury, latter, layer, list, logic, mass, microwave, misery, mission, mobile, narrow, nerve, official, order, origin, ozone, pattern, permit, philosopher, pioneer, powerful, preserve, process, production, publish, punishment, quarter, range, rare, react, recite, reinforce, reluctant, remedy, remote, represent, require, requirement, retard, return, review, rhythm, running, scan, sequence, sight, significant, special, spirit, stand, steady, strengthen, substance, succeed, suppose, sweat, teaching, tolerate, transfer, transportation, treat, unique, unknown, veto, vital, weak, willing, yield 2 achieve, acquire, adjust, alliance, analysis, anticipate, appeal, associate, attract, auction, bandwidth, bang, bargain, benefit, biological, blame, boost, bound, breathe, breed, campaign, capital, carbon, casual, circle, club, communicate, compare, compensate, conclusion, conscience, conscious, consequence, consist, contrary, contribute, controversial, cost, council, course, cover, criminal, criticize, cure, cushion, debate, define, design, desire, desperate, diagnose, dioxide, disposal, distribute, doctrine, dominant, dose, drift, economical, effective, enterprise, enthusiastic, establish, evident, exclusive, execute, explosion, extend, faith, familiar, fatigue, feature, figure, financial, flame, forbid, frequent, fund, harsh, hawk, hazard, hostile, hunt, implication, impose, improper, independent, indifference, inherit, injection, inner, innocent, intention, interact, lean, legal, male, massive, microscope, migration, mix, motivate, negative, note, obstacle, obtain, offer, oppose, organ, outlet, outwards, oven, overall, owing, pace, passion, personnel, perspective, philosophy, pill, pilot, pipe, plot, policy, potential, pound, powder, precede, prevention, principal, private, procedure, prominent, prompt, property, recommendation, reference, religious, reserve, retirement, reward, role, roll, sacrifice, salute, satisfying, scarce, sculpture, season, seek, severe, shape, sharp, shock, shoot, shuttle, signal, solution, sponsorship, spouse, standardize,storage, strategic, studio, submit, subsequent, suit, summary, surge, survive, symptom, syndrome, temper, temporary, thirsty, tolerance, transform, trigger, undertake, unlikely, unprecedented, variety, voluntary, waste, wealthy, web, wing, wireless, workforce, worried, worth, yearly 1 abandon, abnormal, abundant, accelerate, accustom, acquaint, advertise, advocate, affirm, afford, aggressive, alert, alone, amaze, ambitious, amuse, analyst, annoy, annual, appointment, appreciate, approve, architecture, arouse, artistic, astonish, atomic, attach, automatic, awake, background, ban, banner, bare, beloved, bitter, blast, board, bough, brand, brutal, bulb, butcher, campus, canal, carve, cement, centigrade, central, channel, characteristic, charity, cheer(ful), chemical, chemist, chief, civilization, civilize, cloudy, coil, coincide, collapse, command, commission, commit, compact, complaint, concede, conflict, confront, confuse, confusion, consciousness, consistent, constant, constitute, contend, content, context, contract, contrast, convenient, convict, convince, coordinate, cosmetic, count, creative, credit, crew, critical, cruel, cyberspace, damp, declare, dedicate, deepen, delay, delicate, deliver, demonstrate, dense, deserve, differentiate, dim, dip, disappoint, discharge, dispute, dive, diversity, DNA, drain, drug, due, dump, durable, dynamic, efficient, elementary, elevator, embarrass, emotion, engage, entitle, era, eventually, evil, evolution, expertise, explore, extent, extinguish, extra, extraordinary, faculty, fail, famine, fasten, federal, feed, fill, filter, fireman, fit, flavor, formal, fraction, frequency, gain, gap, generate, grace, grant, gravity, gross, guidance, guilty, handicap, hesitate, historic, horrible, horror, humanitarian, humanity, humid, illustrate, illustration, imitation, impatient, impress, improvement, incidence, incline, infer, influential, informal, initiate, initiative, injure, inspector, insult, integration, intelligent, intense, interpret, invest, investigate, isle, jar, Jewish, kilowatt, kit, knot, label, lawn, leap, learned, leisure, liable, limitation, liquid, literary, lobby, lonely, lovely, lucky, mammal, manufacture, march, margin, marine, marsh, medium, melt, memorable, mere, migrate, minority, modernization, modify, moral, motoring, mysterious, myth, navigation, neat, negotiate, neighbor(hood), nitrogen, noticeable, observe, obvious, occurrence, odd, opening, opportunity, opposite, optimistic, option, outlook, overdo, overload, overwhelming, palm, passive, peak, perfect, personality, pet, petrol, petroleum, physician, physicist, pick, plate, plead, plenty, plight, plug, plus, p.m. poisonous, pole, politics, poll, pollute, portion, positive, possess, prayer, pregnancy, prejudice, premise, presence, presentation, presenter, preservation, press, prior, profession, professional, progressive, prohibit, proof, proper, propose, protest, proud, provoke, psychology, pub, publicity, punish, qualification, quality, questionable, quick, quit, race, rage, rally, reaction, reality, reasonable, recall, receiver, recognize, recommend, recording, recreation, recruit, reduction, regional, reject, relax, relevant, representation, representative, reptile, reputation, resemble, reservoir, resident, residential, resist, resistant, resort, respect, responsibility, retailer, reveal, revenue, roof, routine, rural, satisfy, saw, scale, scold, score, segment, senior, serious, session, setback, setting, shelf, shore, shot, shut, sick, skilled, skillful, sleeve, snap, soft, solar, span, specialist, specific, spectacular, spite, spoil, spoon, spring, spur, starve, statistical, stem, stimulate, storm, stream, strength, stress, strict, strip, stupid, style, substitute, sudden, sufficient, suggestion, suitable, summarize, supermarket, supply, supportive, surprising, surround, suspect, swift, symphony, tailor, target, tax, technological, temptation, tension, terrible, theoretical, threaten, tie, timber, timely, timing, tiny, tired, tissue, toilet, tone, trace, tragedy, trap, triumph, tropical, unable, uncomfortable, unemployment, unhealthy, UN, universe,unlike, upset, urge, utter, valuable, vertical, veteran, violent, virtue, visible, vision, voyage, warning, wear, weigh, weight, whatsoever=whatever, wheat, widen, wild, wildlife, wonderful, wooden, worldwide, worthwhile, worthy, warehouse, ward, wary, weird, withdrawal, yell abolish, abstract, abuse, accessible, accommodate, accomplish, accord, accumulate, accuse, activate, acute, addict, adhere, adjacent, adjust, administrate, adolescence, adopt, advantage, adverse, agency, agenda, agony, alarm, alcohol, alien, allegation, allege, alleged, alley, allied, allowance, ally, alphabet, alteration, alternate, altitude, amateur, ambassador, amend, amid, amplifier, amplify, analogue, ancestor, anonymous, antenna, antique, apologize, appalling, apparatus, appendix, appetite, applause, appoint, appraisal, apprehension, approximate, arbitrary, archaeology, architect, architecture, archives, arithmetic, arouse, artery, artificial, ascend, ash, assault, assemble, assert, assess, assume, assure, astronomer, astronomy, asylum, athlete, attain, attorney, attribute, audio, audit, aural, authentic, authorize, automobile, autonomy, auxiliary, avail, avenue, avert, aviation, award, awkward, bachelor, bacteria, bailmulti--: many multitude, multifunctionalearthworm; face to faceinformation agencypreview, review, overview, interview; vis--, --vid, --spic, --spis,anti--: against, opposite---pathy: feeling, emotionSympathetic, apathyHi—fi: high fidelitySci-fi:---scientific fictionDotcom companyAnthrop---: human being-ology: ---id, ---oid: like, seem; vivid: vit---: vital; viv---: life, live survive, revive; phil---: loveStimulant and depressant are both psychoactive drugs.Compliment===i 爱Mandate：---mand：orderCommander , demandAdamantMiss is sippiAss ass in; scourge ==courage意义组合：stStanch the woundT oken===take词形相关，词义相同或相近词形相关，词义相反Fertilizer==fertile sterileSterileAque--, aqua---: waterAquarium: ---ium 馆，堂，厅：auditorium, stadium, gymnasium, planetarium Aqueducts:--duce, --duct: leadProduce, productivity, induce, reduce, introduce, deduce, seduce, introduction, viaduct:栈道连锁词1.What does “the cats” mean in this passage?A.pets which can eat mouseB.tigersC. leopardsC.mother lion and her babies-ple: many, fullPlenty, ample, amplifier, accomplish, completeP361) BDBDB2) BCCAD3) ABDCCAA4) AACAC DCB5) CDABB ACDOpt---: light, sightOptics, optimistic,Choice: optional, adopt--fin: end, limitFinish, final, confine, define, infinitive (to do), infiniteT remble—Ped--, paed--: teach/education/childPediatrician;Omni---: all,omnibus --busomnipotent---ocu, ---opt--, opi--: sightOpinion, opticianBene--，beni--：goodBenign, benefit, beneficial,Benevolent, benevolenceEu---, u---: 真，善，美，good, real, ---top：placeEuthanasia, eugenics, euphemism, eulogy, eu-bacterium: 真菌--logue, --loque, --locu: word, talk; colloquial, eloquent, soliloquy, somniloquy, pronoun interlocutor, prolocutorMonologue, dialogueHyper--：hypermarket, hypersonic, hyperactive, super 超高过，hypo---：below 低，亚，次;False: hypothesis, hypocritical, hypocrhypotension,Hypodermic; skin injection—--crat, ---cracy: rule, govern: democrat, democracy : Bureaucrat, bureaucracyMob-cracydem--: mass, population, peopleEpidemic, demographyAuto---: self automobileAutonomy, autobiographyThe bulk of…..;A host ofOculist: 眼科医生Optician: 眼镜制造商、验光师Opticist: 光学家，光学物理学家Be preoccupied/obsessed withBe absorbed/engrossed inFocus/concentrate/bent/Be keen onBe crazy aboutBe addicted to doing/sthObsess, obesity词汇：1.量2.质1）一词多义Create，make：Native American Indians fashioned canoes from trunks. Mind: person, individualTwo great minds think alike.Doll: 玩具娃娃，玩偶，洋娃娃；玩具—toyBall personality chips：Chip，chin，lip，cheek：芯片，锌片；Smell TV：香味，气味，味道；smile，small届时，到时；DigitalDigestdignityapply==appliance, applicationrage===cage, ratsSome people have a foolish idea that….Others believe that….Noise, effects==influence/impactUnfavourable soundInternet;ｗｅｂｍｅｄｉａ，ｐｒｅｓｓ1.浏览式（概括类问题）阅读方法：首尾段，首尾句；抓主题词做题技巧：主题词猜答案2. 查阅式阅读（细节题）根据要点词一目十行查找对应句子：首尾句，带转折词句，细节句答题技巧：同义互释原则3. 跳跃式阅读1）标点符号：逗号：，aaaaa，，破折号：-----aaaaaa-----，括号：（aaaaaaaaa）; 冒号：aaaaa 2）句子结构：. ! ?主语谓语宾语从句. 主语谓语宾语从句. 主语系动词表语？3）篇章结构：主题、论点举例，引用，列数字：For example, AAAAA……4. 研究式阅读5. 意群式阅读阅读理解三部曲：1.3—5秒钟看结构；最长段：细节；最短段：主旨，独立成段句2.3—5 分钟：跳跃式阅读：抓重要词句：（首尾句，带转折词句，带总结归纳词句子，独立成段句，评议性、概括性）3.3—5 分钟查阅式阅读+研究式阅读做题找答案：同义互释；主题词猜答案；Best title:A.the change of AdolB.the length of AdolC.the pattern of AdolD.the ceremony of Adoladult rights are granted,gain/obtain/acquire/ attain;be entitled to do/be entitled to privacysb . is granted sth.Provide sb with sth.1.议论文1）提出论点：正面直接；反面间接2）论证：举例，引用，列数字；3）结论：论点/ 提出建议和展望2. 说明文：1）提出主题：2）分析说明：举例、引用、列数字、下定义、分类、顺序3）总结归纳：P76 DACDBIt is as proper to do A as to do BT erm/call/name:We call Xiao Wang Big Bear.photograph3．报刊评论1）叙述事实2）间接评论3）结论P73 CBACAThink，believe, argue, assume, suppose, state, imagine, expect, speculate, assert. Propose,````P70 BCCDIn the GB.A newly invented fatal computer virus that partly/completely destroyed all kinds of/various/different file in a large number of computers around the whole world in the early part of spring in 1999.Joy, enjoythe, ofP36页词汇活学活用1.replete, eminent, steeped, voracious, indiscriminate2.1)d 2)c 3)a 4)e 5)b词汇应试技巧1）BDBDB 2）BCCAD3）ABDCC AA4）AACAC DCB5）CDABB ACDP39—49 套题参考答案Exercise oneBBADC BDABBACDCA ADDBCExercise twoBABAD CACBDBAADB BBCCAExercise threeBDCAD CADBBCCACC DDCAAExercise fourBADAC DBCBBCADDA CBADCExercise fiveADBCC DAABCDBBCA CDADBExercise sixACCDD ADAABCDBAB ABCBCExercise sevenCADBD BCDACAADDB BDBAAExercise eightDADCD BBCBAADCBC DCDBD阅读理解P54页重点句式1）DDBC 2）BBDC3）BCAAD 4）DABBC5）DADC 6）CDBA 7）DAAB 8）CDBA 9）CBADP76 汽车的利弊CDAP79问题与应试I.A A C D DII. P1 BD P2 AAIII. P1 DACB P2 DDCC P3 CDDCBIV．P1 B P2 BP3 BBCCCBV. P1 AC P2 DDP3 BADCDVI. P1 D P2 DCCDP3 AADCDP95 模拟套题P1 DBCBCD P2 BDDABB P3 AACDAB P4ACACBA P5 DCCACB。
学苑教育考博英语讲义--博士英语强化班语法
博士学位英语入学考试--语法突破语法知识总要求•1、名词、代词•2、动词的时态、语态•3、连接词、冠词•4、非谓语动词•5、虚拟语气•6、各类从句•7、强调句型•8、倒装句语法单项题•句法•1、各类从句•2、强调句型•3、倒装句•动词•1、动词的时态、•语态•2、非谓语动词•3、虚拟语气•北京大学•人民大学•中央党校•中国政法大学•全国大学四级统考(05年前)•托福考试•做题技巧：•1、迅速判断语法考点•2、找出做题语法依据•3、合理使用排除法•4、切忌使用翻译法句法基础知识•一、简单句(完整句)•1、主语＋谓语（不及物动词）•2、主语＋谓语（系动词）＋表语•3、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语•4、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）•5、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋复合宾语（宾语和宾语补足语）•二、并列句•and，but，not only… but also， so， for，or, nor •三、复合句•名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句一、简单句简单句的构成二、并列句•1. Think it over again, and you’ll find a way out.•2. Mary is fond of music, but Jim is crazy about sports.•3. Make up your mind, or you’ll miss the chance.•4. I have a class tonight, so I can’t go to the movie with you.•I have a class tonight , I can I can’’t go to the movie with you .仅靠逗号不能连接句子X•5. The doctor looked tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.•?* For he sat up all night with the patient the doctor looked tired and sleepy.(X)三、复合句—名词性从句•1、主语从句•2、宾语从句•3、表语从句•4、同位语从句同位语从句•由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，这种结构叫同位结构。
博士入学考试通用考博英语改错精讲课程讲义
改错精讲课程▪考查形式找错+改错找错（句子/文章）▪错误类型（宏观）You may have to change a word,add a word,or just delete a word.▪错误类型（微观）▪【1】形式（举例）介词搭配名词的单复数动词的单复数、时态、语态、逻辑关系从句的引导词同根异性之间的误用▪【2】内容虽然语法无错误，但与文章及句子所表达意思有偏差。
▪C---基础知识讲解（语法）▪S---历年经典真题讲解（技巧）▪亮鉴语法体系WHATWHENHOW▪WHAT ---逻辑单词—词组—句子—句群—文章（段落）词法搭配句法▪词法名词动词形容词副词数词冠词介词连词▪句法简单句---不简单的简单句复合句并列句非正常句（倒装、强调等）▪WHEN---时态▪HOW---语态2010年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part Five: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether l0 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:e. g. 1 (59) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (59) begun beganeg. 2 (60) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (60) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (6 1) Never will Ⅰnot do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) not(59)Three Google executives were convicted Wednesday of violating Italian privacy laws ina ruling that the company denounced as an "astonishing" attack at freedom of expression on the Internet.(60)The case involves online videos showing an autistic boy being bullied with classmates in Turin, which were posted in 2006 on Google Video, an online video-sharing service that Google ran before its acquisition of YouTube.(61)Prosecutors charged that the videos violated Italian personal private protections.(62)They said the clips were moved only after complaints from Vivi Down. an Italian organization representing people with Down syndrome, whose name was mentioned in the videos.(63)"We are definitely satisfied that someone has to take responsibility for this violating of privacy, " said Guido Camera, a lawyer for Vivi Down,(64)Google said it planned to appeal, warned that the verdicts raised serious questions about the viability of user-generated content platforms like YouTube in Italy and potentially elsewhere in Europe.(65)"If company employee like me can be held criminally liable for any video on a hosting platform. (66)when they had absolute nothing to do with the video in question, (67)then our liability is limited, " said one of the three executives, Peter Fleischer, Google's chief privacy counsel.(68)"The decision today therefore raises broader questions as the continued operation of many Internet platforms that are the essential foundations of freedom of expression in the digital age, " he said in a statement.Video-sharing services like Google Video and YouTube generally rely on users to notify them of potentially problematic content, which is then taken down if it violates the terms of service.2009年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) High unemployment rates, especial among young workers, have led to protests in countries as varied as Latvia, Chile, Greece, Bulgaria and Iceland and contributed to strikes in Britain and France.(67) Last month, the government of Iceland, that economy is expected to contract 10 percent this year, collapsed and (68) the prime minister moved up national elections after weeks of protests by Icelanders angering by soaring unemployment and rising prices.Just last week, the new United States director of national intelligence, Dennis C. Blair, told Congress that (69) instability caused by the global economical crisis had become the biggest security threat facing the United States, outpacing terrorism.(70) In emerging economies like those in Eastern Europe, there are fears that growing joblessness might encourage a move from free-market, pro-Western policies, (71) while in developed countries unemployment could bolster efforts to protect local industries in the expense of global trade.(72) Indeed, some European stimulus packages, as well one passed Friday in the United States, include protections for domestic companies, increasing the likelihood of protectionist trade battles.(73) Protectionist measures were an intense matter of discussion as finance minister from the Group of 7 economies met this weekend in Rome.(74) While the number of jobs in the United States have been falling since the end of 2007. the pace of layoffs in Europe, Asia and the developing world has caught up only recently (75) ascompanies that resisted deep cuts in the past follow the lead of their American counterparts.2008年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) A longtime aide to President Bush who wrote occasional guest columns for his hometown newspaper resigned on Friday evening after admitted that he had repeatedly plagiarized from other writers. (67) The White House called his actions unaccepted. (68)The aide. Tim Goeglein, worked for Mr. Bush since 2001, as a liaison to social and religious conservatives, an important component of the president's political base. (69) Mr. Goeglein was influential in decisions on a range of question important to that constituency, including stem cell research, abortion and faith-based initiatives. A blogger in Mr. Goeglein's hometown, Fort Wayne, Ind. Found the plagiarism. (70) "This is not acceptable, and we are being disappointed in Tim's actions, " a White House spokeswoman, Emily Lawrimore, said Friday morning, hours before Mr. Goeglein resigned. (71) "He is offered no excuses, and he agrees it was wrong.‖ (72) Mr. Goeglein, 44, is small known outside Washington. (73) He is a familiar figure to conservatives and evangelical Christians, who knew him as a spokesman for Gary L. Bauer. The conservative who ran as president in 2000. (74) When Mr. Bauer dropped out the race, Mr. Goeglein signed on with Mr. Bush, eventually becoming a top aide to Karl Rove, the chief political strategist. (75) He was the eyes and ears of the White House in the world of religion conservatives and an emissary to that world for Mr. Rove and the president.2007年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion—a 9. 4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who fared best. (68) Stanford’s $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69) "There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to inves t,‖said Martin Shell, Stanford’s vice president for development. (70)"This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends. "(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (73) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education.(74) Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(75) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.2006年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67)Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68) But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding itcould harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70) Canny college officials, in turn, have found a tactical way to response. (71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applican t’s class rank.(72) The process has left them exasperating.(73) "If we’r e looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we don’t necessarily know that.‖said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74) Admissions directors say strategy can backfire. When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.2005年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(86) Each day, 50, 000 shiny, fire-engine-red Gala apples work the way through a sprawling factory, in Swedesboro, N. J. (87) Inside, 26 machines wash them, core them, peel them, seed them, slice them, chill them. At the end of the line, (88) they are dunked in a solution of calcium ascorbate and now deposited into little green bags featuring a jogging Ronald McDonald. From there, (89)the bags make their way in refrigerated trucks to refrigerated containers in distribution centers, and then to thousand of McDonal d’s restaurants up and down the Eastern Seaboard. (90) No more than 14 days before leaving the plant, the fruit will take the place of French fries in some child’s Happy Meal.The apple slices, called Apple Dippers, are a symbol of how McDonald’s is trying to offer healthier food to its customers (91) and to answer the many critics who contend that most of its menu is poor nutritional quality. (92)McDonald’s has also not introduced a variety of "premium’ salads, which will soon be joined by a salad of grapes, walnuts and, of course, apples.(93) Yet it still remains to be seen these new offerings will assuage the concerns of public health officials and other critics of McDonald’s highly processed fat-and calorie-laden sandwiches, drinks and fries. (94) So far, however, they have not—at least not have entirely. But this much is already clear: just as its staple meals of burger and fries have made McDonald’s the largest Single buyer of beef and potatoes in the country, (95) its new focus on fresh fruits and vegetables is making the company a minor player in $80 billion American produce industry.2004年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(86) Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (87) In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (88) Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides.(89) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that (90) a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providing computer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet. (91) "This is a reflecting of the commission’s commitment to bring tomorrow’s technology to consumers today, " said Mr. Powell. He added that (92)the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as e-mail, (93) and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, (94)once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed, (95) companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.注：95题老师在总结时才讲。
北大考博辅导班：北大外国语学院考博经验分享
北大考博辅导班：北大外国语学院考博经验分享北大考博辅导班：北大外国语学院考博经验分享北大考博辅导班针对北大外国学院考博解析：1、2016年开始北京大学外国语学院实行“申请—审核制”，与以往的考试制有所不同，“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩，材料审核成绩不计入最终排名。
2、北大外国语考博的竞争还是比较激烈的，总的报名与录取比例为1:4-1:5;但是具体到每一个小方向，这个报录比还会有所不同，有的小方向会达到1:10左右;3、北京大学外国语学院考博初审英语分数相差不至于太大，并不计入总成绩核算中，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大，要想最终录取就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数，专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
4、北大外国语学院考博平均每年会有缺考率，大约在15%左右;2016年北京外国语大学一共196人参加报名，初审通过142人。
所以说不是你提交了材料，就可以初审通过的，评审老师会根据你的材料进行打分排名。
5、考生总成绩包括两部分(即复审专业课的笔试成绩和面试成绩)。
复审专业课的笔试成绩所占权重为50%，面试成绩所占权重为50%。
6、面试要求：形式以口试为主，面试内容主要是(1) 考生自我介绍：学历、工作经历、研究方向、科研成果及其主要成就等;(2) 现场回答专业问题;(3) 用外语回答有关提问;报名提交材料：(1)北京大学攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表;(2)最高学历、学位证书复印件(应届硕士毕业生报名时须提交所在培养单位研究生院或研究生部的证明信，录取后须补交学历和学位证书，审核通过后方可报到注册;只有学位证书而无毕业证书者，报名时须提交硕士或博士学位证书复印件;持国(境)外学位证书者，报名时须提交由教育部留学服务中心出具的认证报告)。
(3)身份证复印件;(4)硕士学位论文(应届硕士毕业生可提供论文摘要和论文目录等);(5)毕业院校的正式成绩单原件;(6)个人陈述(含对报考学科专业的认识、拟定研究计划，3000 字左右)(7)两封所报考学科专业领域内的副教授(含)以上或具有相当专业技术职称专家的推荐信;(8)三年内的外语考试成绩证明复印件，复试时携带原件进行确认(具体要求见各院系招生说明)。
北京大学版博士生综合英语词汇教案unit1
北京大学版博士生综合英语词汇教案unit1Unit OneText: The Burden of Womanhood1.mash: v ~ sth (up)将…捣成糊状:mashed potatoes, turnips, etc土豆泥、萝卜泥---Mash the fruit up (with a fork) so that the baby can eat it.（用叉子）把水果戳烂孩子就能吃了.---Boil the potatoes and then mash them up.mash: n [U]（由谷物、糠、麸等煮成的）饲料;糊状物; 土豆泥:a mash of wet paper and paste湿纸和糨糊的混合物bangers and mash香肠和土豆泥masher: n 捣碎器（用以捣碎马铃薯等的炊具）2. oleander: (见插图)3. dollop: n (口) shapeless lump of sth soft, espfood （软而不成形的）一团, 一块（尤指食物）:a dollop of cream, jam, mashed potato, etc一团奶油、果酱、土豆泥等.4. pregnant: adj 怀孕的, 妊娠的; ~ with sth: 充满着…的,富于…的; 可能产生某事物的:---She was six months pregnant, ie had been pregnantfor six months.---She is/got pregnant by another man.是另一个男子使她怀孕的.pregnant with joy, meaning, possibilities洋溢着喜悦之情的、富有意义的、具有各种可能性的pregnant with consequences, danger 可能产生重大影响的、造成危险的a pregnant pause/silence耐人寻味的或意味深长的停顿/沉默---There was a pregnant pause before she answeredmy question.她耐人寻味地停顿了一下才回答我的问题.---His only reaction was a pregnant silence.他唯一的反应是一阵意味深长的沉默.---There was a long silence - what I think might be called a pregnant pause.---Every phrase in this poem is pregnant with meaning.pregnancy: n怀孕; 孕期; 妊娠期:discomfort caused by pregnancy因怀孕而引起的不适a pregnancy test妊娠试验---These drugs should not be taken during pregnancy.这些药物在孕期内不得服用.---She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕三次.---Many women find their skin is at its best during pregnancy.5. dowry: n [C, U] 嫁妆; 嫁奁;---I set aside a good dowry and other things for her. 6. condemn: v ~ sb/sth (for/as sth)谴责, 责备; ~ sth (assth)官方宣称…有缺陷或不宜使用; ~ sb (to sth/todo sth)宣告某人要受的惩罚,（尤指死刑）; 使…接受不好的某事物, 使某人注定:---We all condemn cruelty to children.我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为.---The papers were quick to condemn him for hismistake.报纸及时地指摘他的错误.---She is often condemned as uncaring. 她常因不关心别人而受到责难.---The meat was condemned as unfit for humanconsumption.这种肉已宣布不适宜食用.---The pool was closed after being condemned as ahealth hazard.condemn sb to death/hard labour判处某人死刑/劳役---He was found guilty and condemned to be shot. 他被判有罪, 处以枪决.---His nervous looks condemned him. 他神色紧张, 显出有罪的样子.---As an old person, one is often condemned to livealone.老年人常出于无奈而独自生活.---His occupation condemned him to spend longperiods of time away from his family.condemnation: n [U] 谴责; 判罪; 注定many condemnations of her action对她行为的多方谴责7. drudgery: n [U] hard boring work 繁重、乏味的工作:the endless drudgery of housework 无尽无休的、单调乏味的家务soulless drudgery 无聊的繁重工作---Calculators were introduced to relieve students ofthe drudgery of pencil-and-papernumber-crunching.8. gauge: v测量（尤指精确地）; 估计, 判定; 判断;precision instruments which can gauge the diameter to a fraction of a millimetre可测出直径几分之一毫米的精密仪器.gauging the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees凭树的摇动估计风力.trying to gauge reactions/sympathies/sentiments试图判定各种反应、同情程度、观点---It was difficult to gauge how people would respond.大家的反应如何难以估计.---I gauged that it was not a good moment to speak to her.---It is difficult to gauge what the other party's nextmove will be.---I looked at Chris, trying to gauge his reaction.---In Maine, people gauge whether spring has arrivednot by groundhogs, but by skunks.---It relies on textbooks, repetitive problem-solvingand drills to gauge what students know.gauge: n. (US also gage) n 标准量度（尤指宽度或厚度）; （火车或电车轨道的）轨距; 计量器;（用以作出估计或判断的）事实, 环境; 方法; 尺度: the gauge of a sheet of metal金属板的厚度---What gauge of wire should we use for this job?我们干这活应该用多大号的铅丝?standard gauge 标准轨距narrow/broad gauge 窄轨/宽轨a petrol, pressure, rain, speed gauge汽油量表、压力计、雨量计、速度计---Is a person's behaviour under stress a reliable gauge of his character?人在受到压力时的行为能作衡量其品性的可靠尺度吗?---Retail sales are a gauge of consumer spending.---The tests will give parents a gauge of how their children are doing.---How hard writing was for each of us was a gauge of how serious we were.9．mortality: n [U]终有一死; 死亡率; （疾病、灾难等造成的）大量死亡---Infant mortality (ie The rate at which babies die) was 20 deaths per thousand live births in 1986.1986年的婴儿死亡率为生育成活率的千分之二十.---Mortality from heart disease varies widely acrossthe world.---Doctors are reminded of their mortality every day.mortal: adj 终有一死的; fatal致命的; 不共戴天的;极大的; 极度的:---All human beings are mortal.人总有一死.a mortal wound, injury, etc致命的伤、伤害等mortal enemies 不共戴天的敌人---The collapse of the business was a mortal blow to him and his family.公司倒闭是对他及其家庭的致命打击.live in mortal fear, terror, danger, etc 生活在极度的恐惧/恐怖/危险等中---The computer has dealt a mortal blow to traditional printing methods.---Our health service is in mortal danger.mortal: n human being 人: (谑)---They're so grand these days that they probablydon't talk to ordinary mortals like us any more.他们这些日子神气活现, 大概不再和我们这样的普通人说话了.---She dines in the executive suite, while we lessermortals use the staff cafeteria.mortally: adv致命地; 极, 很, 非常:mortally wounded 受致命伤mortally afraid害怕得要命.immortal: adj不朽的; 永世的; 流芳百世的; 永存的:---The soul is immortal.灵魂不灭.the immortal Shakespeare 不朽的莎士比亚immortal fame/glory不朽的名声/荣耀immortal: n不朽的人物; 千古流芳之士:---Beethoven is regarded as one of the immortals of classical music.贝多芬被认为是不朽的古典音乐大师.immortality: n [U]不朽; 永存:man's belief in immortality 人类对永生的信念10. anthropology: n [U] study of mankind, esp of its origins,development, customs and beliefs 人类学（对人类的研究, 尤指研究其起源, 发展, 风俗, 信仰）11. eradicate: v destroy (sth) completely; put an end to (sth)根除, 消灭; 结束:---Smallpox has almost been eradicated.天花几乎已消灭.attempts to eradicate crime 力图根除罪恶的行动---He spoke about what is necessary to eradicate AIDS.---The disease has been eradicated from the Westernworld through the use of vaccines.12. ingrained: adj（指习惯、习性等）根深蒂固的, 一成不变的; （指尘土、污迹等）积深而难于清除的:ingrained prejudices, suspicions, assumptions, etc由来已久的成见、怀疑、臆见等deeply ingrained dirt积聚得很深的污垢.13.relegate: v [尤用于被动语态] ~ sb/sth (tosth) 使…降级、降职或降低地位:---I have been relegated to the role of a mereassistant.已经把我降到只任助手的工作了.relegate old files to the storeroom 把旧文件存入储藏室---Will Spurs be relegated to the third division?斯珀尔斯队会降为丙级队吗?---Women tended to be relegated to typing and filing jobs.14. prostitute: n 卖淫者; 娼妓; 妓女; 男妓.prostitute: v (贬) ~ oneself卖淫, 当男妓; 作践（自己）, 滥用（自己的才能等）（尤指为图利）:---She prostituted herself in order to support her children.她为养活子女而操皮肉生涯.---Friends from the theater criticized him forprostituting his talent in the movies.---But health policy is often prostituted to thedemands of industry and commerce.15. inherit: v ~ sth (from sb) 继承（财产、头衔等）; 因遗传而获（特性等）; 从前任接过:a young man inheriting an estate, a title, etc (fromhis father)继承（父亲的）地产、头衔等的年轻人---She inherited a little money from her grandfather.她从祖父处继承了一小笔钱财.---She inherited her mother's good looks and herfather's bad temper.她生来就有母亲的美貌和父亲的坏脾气.---This government has inherited many problems fromthe previous one.上届政府遗留给本届政府很多问题.inheritance: n ~ (of sth) (from sb/sth)继承; 遗传; 遗赠物:---The title passes by inheritance to the eldest son.这头衔按世袭传给长子.the inheritance of good looks from one's parents(fig 比喻)得自父母遗传的美貌inheritance tax 遗产税---When she was 21 she came into her inheritance.她21岁时获得遗产.inheritor: n 继承人legacy: n遗赠产, 遗赠的财物; 先人或过去遗留下来的东西:the cultural legacy of the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期的文化遗产---His weak chest was a legacy of a childhood illness.他那瘦弱的胸脯是儿时患病的后遗症---The invasion left a legacy of hatred and fear.---She received a small legacy from her aunt.16. banish：v ~ sb (from sth) exile放逐; （自心中）排除（想法等）:---He was banished (from his homeland) for life. 他被终生流放（他乡）.banish fear消除恐惧---She banished all thoughts of a restful holiday (fromher mind).她（从心里）打消了过一个宁静假日的想法.---The study should banish any doubts about women's ability to handle the pressures of business.banishment: n [U] 流放: lifelong banishment终身流放17. attorney: n（业务或法律事务上的）代理人; 律师（尤指有资格代表当事人出庭者）:power of attorney代理权 a letter of attorney授权书18. condone: v 容忍（过失）; 宽恕; 原谅:condone violence, adultery, fraud, etc 宽恕暴行、奸情、欺诈行为等---Not punishing them amounts to condoning theircrime.不惩罚他们就等于纵容他们的罪行.---I'm not condoning his behaviour, but I canunderstand why he wanted revenge on hisdaughter's attacker.---Some parents feel that making birth controlavailable to teenagers somehow condones sexualactivity.---The state has managed both to condone and to condemn prostitution.19. infanticide: n 1 [U] (a)杀婴（杀害婴儿的罪行）: commitinfanticide 犯杀婴罪.20. sporadic: adj偶发的; 偶见的; 仅在少数地方发生或见到的: 同义词：intermittentsporadic showers 阵雨sporadic raids, gunfire, fighting 零星的袭击、炮击、战斗.---Sporadic gunfire continued through the night.---Our advertising campaigns have been too sporadic to have had a lot of success.21. Madras:22. amniocentesis: ()23. fetus: foetus n胎儿; 胚胎. Cf 参看embryo .--- It was a foetus - a few cells - not yet a baby.---The main importance of the virus, however, lies inits capacity to infect the foetus in utero ( ). 24. abortion: n [U]人工流产, 堕胎, 打胎; 已经完全失败的计划或行动---Many people are anti-abortion. 很多人反对人工流产.---She had an abortion. 她做了人工流产.miscarriage: n 流产, 小产; (商)（货物的）误送, 误投; （计划等的）失败:have/suffer a miscarriage流产miscarriage of goods, freight, letters, etc 商品、货物、信件等的误送the miscarriage of one's hopes, schemes, etc希望、规划等的落空.---She had two miscarriages before she had her firstchild.---One in five pregnancies ends in miscarriage.stillbirth：a birth in which the baby is born dead ---For women who've had previous miscarriages,abortions or stillbirths, anxiety can beparticularly acute.abort: v (医)使流产, 使堕胎; （使某事物）中止, 夭折:abort an expectant mother, a deformed foetus, the pregnancy为孕妇, 因为胎儿畸形, 为终止妊娠做人工流产---She aborted after four months.她怀孕四个月后流产了.abort a space mission中止一次航天任务abort a computer program中止计算机的程序25. caretaker:26. chaste: adj virgin 没有经过性交的; 童贞的;（性生活）忠于配偶的; （风格）简单的, 不修饰的; 纯真的; 有道德的:--- Girls were expected to remain chaste until marriage.---A woman's chastity is considered as her highestvirtue and all Hindu traditional literature extolsthe greatness of a chaste woman.27. bride: n新娘; 新婚的妇女.bridegroom: (also groom) n 新郎; 新婚的男子:---Let's drink (a toast) to the bride and bridegroom!让我们举杯向新娘和新郎祝贺!bridesmaid: n女傧相; 伴娘.best man：---The bride walked to the church with the bestman with the groom following.28. lug: v (-gg-) 用力拉或拖:lugging a heavy suitcase up the stairs拖着沉重的衣箱上楼---She had to lug the kids around/about/along all day. (fig infml) 她得整天带着孩子。
中科院考博英语 培训资料 完形填空课件
2007年考博辅导完型填空命题特点和考查点•对英语综合实力的考查，所选材料的内容和形式多样，议论或说明文居多。
考点分布•1. 无需上下文即可选出正确答案，固定搭配。
2-3个•2. 根据上下文连接关系推测。
4-5个•3. 根据全文褒贬色彩选择。
1-2个•4. 词语辨析及搭配。
5-8个重复率较高的词汇•other than•rather than•more than•less than•As重复率较高的语法虚拟语气：与现在事实相反（条件从句过去式If…did；结果主句should/would + v.）与过去事实相反（条件从句If…had + past participle；结果主句should/would + have + past participle）与将来事实相反（条件从句过去式；结果主句should/would + v.）定语从句关联词(关系副词)when, where, why 可做时间、地点、原因等状语关联词(关系代词)who, whom, whose, that, which可做主语、宾语、定语等As, than, but作关系代词All, everything, nothing, little, much, first, last, next, only当一个先行词后面出现两个定语从句时，第二个关系代词用…wh-‟状语从句•时间状语从句•地点状语从句•原因状语从句•since, for, because, as等•结果状语从句•with the result that, so that等•程度状语从句•so… that, such that, s o long as•目的状语从句•so that,in order that•让步状语从句•although, for all that,no matter…•条件状语从句（真实条件）•if,unless, given。
答题需注意处1. 通读全文，从整体角度掌握文章大意2. 结合上下文内容的合理性及句子之间的逻辑关系选择最佳答案完形填空练习中，有些解题信息并非以词的形式出现，而是要从上文或下文的部分句子或整个句子甚至几个句子去捕捉。
考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义.docx
通用考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义第一章：概况第三章：完形填空专项练习1、Passage 3(1)(2)(3) (2004 清华大学)For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 61 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 62_to go to bed and pleased when the journey 63 • On the first night this time 1 felt especially lazy and went to bed 64 earlier than usual. When I 65 my cabin, I was suiprised 66 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 67 but there was a suitcase 68 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like・ Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 69 , except that he was wearing 70 good clothes that Imade up my mind that we would not 71 whoever he was and did not say 72 As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 73 as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 74 was coming from the window opposite・ I thought perhaps I had forgotten 75 the door, so I got up 76 the door but found it already locked from the inside・ The coldair was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 77 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 78 there・ It took me a minute or two to 79 the door myself. I realized that my companion 80 through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B • motive C. cause D・ sake62. A. tired enough B • enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end64. A. quite B • rather C. fairly D・ somehow65. A. arrived in B ・ reached to C. arrived to D・ reached at66. A. for seeing B ・ that I saw C・ at seeing D・ to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone68. A. like B- as C- similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C • somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such a D・ such71. A. treat together well B・ pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well together72- A. him a single word B. him not one wordC・ a single word to him D・ not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myself C・ up to myself D・ myselfup74. A. draft B. voice C. air D・ sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D・ forclosing76. A. to shut B・ for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like thatC・ as I did so D・ at doing so78. A. It was no oneB • There was no oneC. It was anyoneD. There was anyone 79. A. remind to lockB • remember to lockC. remind locking D • remember locking 80. A. had to jumpB • was to have jumpedC • must have jumped D. could be jumped4、 定语从句（1）1. The professor and her achievement ___ you told me about are admired by us all A. who B. which C. that D. whom 5. This is the best book __ on the subject. A. which there isB. that there isC ・ which is D. what is2・ I don't suppose anything happens __ he doesn't foresee. A. that B. which C. whatD. as5、定语从句练习Unitl （1） 15. This is the shop __ I often speak to you.A. whereB. whichC ・ of whichD. in which16. This is the shop __ I often buy food stuff. A. where B. which C. of which 10. There can't be any life on Venus, __ the temperature is as high as 900E A which B when C. where D there 31 ・ I have kept up a friendship witha girl who I was at school _twenty years ago. A. about B. since C. till D. with6、定语从句（2）・・三个重要的关系代词3. Such people — know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man. A. that B. which C. as D. what As 引导定语从句：eg. He is honest as we know. As we know he is honest. Passage 1Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th centuiy and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries ・ Yet much had happened 1 As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical.As time went by , computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “persona 厂 too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing . Passage13Families have also 13 changes these years. more families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 _ was common in the traditional family 162・ I don't suppose anything happens __ he doesn't foresee.D. to which13. A. survived14. A ・ contrarily 15. A. than 16. A. systemB. noticedB. consequentlyB ・ that B • structure C. undertaken C. similarly C. whichC ・ conceptD ・ experienced D. simultaneously D. asD. heritageA.thatB. whichC. whatD. as3. Such people — know Tom thought he was a trustworthy man.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what11.The reason_ he died was lack of medical care・A. which B for that C as D why14.We may encounter situations __ t his principle cannot be applied.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as7、定语从句练习Unitl (2)10. There can't be any life on Venus, __ the temperature is as high as 900F.A whichB when C. where D there25.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___ h is argument in favor of the new theory・A. which to base on B・ on which to baseC. to base on which D・ which to be based on23.They will move into the new house next Friday, ___ i t will be completely furnished.A. by the timeB. by which timeC. by that timeD. by this time20- The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _____ the students' potentiality is developed ・A. of whichB. with whichC. in whichD. to which26.Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, ____ have been mentioned in previous pages.A. a few ofB. a few of whichC. a few of thatD. a few of them8、完形填空的出题方向(1)passage 5Are you always sure you know what people mean when they try to describe their feelings to you? We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is the these words and gestures can be interpreted in different ways.It is true that a smile means the same things in any language. So 51 laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the _52 feeling. Does, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably 53 such behavior patterns are inherited rather than 54 .Fear is another emotion that is shown in 55 the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English fiction, a phrase like he went pale and began to tremble1 suggests that the man is 56 very afraid or has just had a very nasty shock・ However/ he opened his eyes wide' is used to suggested anger in Chinese 57 in English it conveys surprise. In Chinese suiprise can be described in a phrase like* they stretched 58 their tongues1• Sticking out your tongue in 59 is an insulting gesture or expresses disgust ・Even in the same 60 . people differ 61 their ability to interpret and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men _62 recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people's faces・ Disgust, contempt and suffering seem to 63 the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to 64 • Other studies have 65 that older people usually find 66 easier to interpret bodylanguage (the way people stand or move etc.) than younger people 67 , and psychologistssuch as E. G. Beier have also shown that some people frequently give completely the wrong impression of 68 they feel. For instance, they try to show affection but in fact actually communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don f t care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In _69 words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact 70 of what other people understand ・9、定语从句练习Unitl (3)14.We may encounter situations __ this principle cannot be applied・A. whereB. whichC. whatD. as10、what从句的特点9・ __ makes it rather disturbing was arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. Where15.When reports came into London Zoo __ a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.A. whatB. asC. whichD. that10、__ , Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government^ economic policies.A. Although not being an economist himselfB・ Although not an economist himselfC.Although not having been an economist himselfD.Although being no an economist himself11、than引导定语从句的情况7. A microscope can reveal vastly — detail than is visible to the naked eye.A. thanB. than moreC. more thanD. more6.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ____ in the public today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. existed•…children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional famil y 1615. A. than B. that C. which D. as12、as引导定语从句的情况(1)7. ___ , he still retained the use of all his faculties.A. Because he was old and weak B・ As he was old and sickC. Unless he was old and sick D・ Old and sick as he wasAlthough he is a child, he can work out the problem. As引导倒装时，必须省冠词。
考博英译汉辅导专讲1
考博英译汉辅导专讲∙It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.∙译文：它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家。
传统历史学家（或前者）将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评；社会科学历史学家（或后者）把历史研究活动等同于具体的研究方法。
∙For example, they do not compensate for cross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.∙译文：例如，它们不能弥补巨大的社会不公，因此一个物质条件差的年轻人如果在较好的环境中成长，不能说明他能有多少才干。
∙There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.∙译文：方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究方法，人们对此意见不一。
∙And it is imagines by many that the operation of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.∙许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比较，它们还认为这些（科学家的）思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
2020考博签约班英语内部讲义通用考博听力冲刺直播课
通用考博-听力冲刺新东方 戴欣池课程框架一、各题型技巧串讲二、考场应试策略各题型技巧串讲短对话•体会言外之意，同义转换为主•逻辑关系词（转折/因果）•建议句型•注意听问题（肯否定/男女等）•场景词汇多掌握各题型技巧串讲长对话•寒暄过后，分析开头主题•逻辑关系词（转折/因果）•比较级/最高级•强调词•人物观点/调查结论处等各题型技巧串讲短文•把握开头主题•人物观点/调查结论处等•解释说明处/词条概念例子等•逻辑关系词（转折/因果/递进）•比较级/最高级•强调词对话19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes.B) He has signed up for a day course.C) He has to work during the day.D) He finds the evening course cheaper.20. A) Learn a computer language.B) Learn data processing.C) Buy some computer software.D) Buy a few coursebooks.21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.B) From September 1 to New Year's eve.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.22. A) What to bring for registration.B) Where to attend the class.C) How he can get to Frost Hall.D) Whether he can use a check.QuestionsQ19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course? Q20: What does the man have to do before taking thecourse of computer programming?Q21: What do we learn about the schedule of eveningcourse?Q22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?W: Hello, Carlson College, may I help you?M: Yes. I'm looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester. W: Do you want a day or evening course?M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing? M: No.W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming.M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not onThursdays.W: Well ,there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7. M: Just once a week?W: Yes. But that's almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.M: Oh! Well, that's all right, I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?W: Mm, let me see .12 weeks. You start the first weekends Sept ember and finish… Oh., just before Christmas, December 21st. M: And how much is the course?W: That's 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?W: Registration is on the second and third of Septemberbetween 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?W: Yes. that's the one.M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me?W; No, just your check book.M: Well, thank you so much.W: You're very welcome. Bye!M: Bye!短文14. A. Apples B. Peas C. Pumpkins D. Peaches15. A. the size of the feastB. the taste of the feastC. the smell of the feastD. the style of the feast16. A. Thanksgiving recipes used to have more calories.B. Thanksgiving recipes used to have less calories.C. Thanksgiving recipes used to have no calories.D. Thanksgiving recipes used to have much calories.Questions14. What is the food not mentioned in the passage as Thanksgiving food?15. According to the passage, what is the main difference between Thanksgiving and the Christmas’s meals?16. What can we infer from the passage about Thanksgiving recipes?TIPS注意把握短选项：1.同义替换2.多个播读注意细节误导及时记录笔记问题方向？肯否定考场应试策略Ø把握时间节奏，注意力高度集中Ø审题要快Ø除敏感位置外，听音中卡住的词不要过多浪费时间Ø心态放松很重要总思路：先纵后横（先整体后局部）纵向：看结构、主语；关联选项（相似/相反等）横向关键词提取：大写字母 数字及周围（数字题） 名、动、形（副）重点关注：比较级定位替换/否定限定/感情色彩考场应试策略-审题考场应试策略审题例1：A. The overall growth rate of national economy will be affected in the long run.B. The overall growth rate of national economy will be affected in the short term.C. Chinese export market will rely on labor to compete in the international market.D. Chinese export market will lose competition in the international market.考场应试策略审题例2：A.RMB appreciation will generate more development opportunities.B. People will feel richer and China’s status will be improved.C. The commodity structure and the flow of investment will be improved.D. The structure of domestic production resources will not be influenced.考场应试策略Ø把握时间节奏，注意力高度集中Ø审题要快Ø除敏感位置外，听音中卡住的词不要过多浪费时间Ø心态放松很重要感谢大家的聆听！。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构donate …to charities把…看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society把…列为基本国策list…..as fundamental national policies把…作为指导take… as the guide把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …把握大局 grasp the overall situation摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength打破僵局 break the deadlock打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对…做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences减轻农民负担alleviate farmer’s burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world进入新时期 enter a new period进行和谈 hold peace talks进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on开发西部 remake the west开始生效 go into effect (enter into force)开拓前进 open up new ways forward科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系 rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations迈出重要的一步 make an important step热爱和平 love peace深化改革 deepen the reform审时度势 size up the situation实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity实现民族独立 realize national independence实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation实行新政策 practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平 maintain world peace吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...)响应号召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布…召开 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends依法治国 govern the country according to law引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another在…中起(至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望伟大征程 look into the great journey展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties振兴西部 revive the west振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开 make government affairs public主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions追求进步 pursue progress追求真理 seek the truth走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties遵循规则 follow the principles二、经济类爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股 keep the State-held shares保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法 adopt various methods采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures承担风险 bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and经验 management expertise促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation促进改革 promote reform促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破垄断 break the monopoly对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…对…造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…夺回失去的市场 take back lost market发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantag es防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment赶超先进 surpass the advanced给…带来积极影响bring a more positive impact on…根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation公证财产 notarize the properties和…达成(签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with和…进一步合作 further cooperation with和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with活跃市场 enliven the market集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks加强管理 reinforce the management减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency剪彩 cut the ribbon解除劳动关系 sever labor relation解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精简机构 streamline government organs竟争上岗 compete for the post举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities开辟更多渠道 open more channels开发(青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market开拓市场 exploit markets控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control)扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor扩大消费市场 expand consumption market留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡经济(的发展) balance economy取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings)让…处于同一起跑线put… on the same platform and at the same s tarting point 让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition申请专利 apply for a patent实现目标 realize the goal适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of损失惨重 suffer great losses缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活improve residents’ standard of living调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements)退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity完善服务 perfect services为…带来多种经济和社会效益bring multiple economic and social benefits to…为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment下海 plunge into the commercial sea陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation有巨大潜力 have huge potential for与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market在…建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas)制订…法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do阻碍…的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产list …as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the oldyear and ring in the new)从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流 promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to发挥…的聪明才智develop one’s own talents and wisdom发挥潜力tap one’s potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art 反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)腐蚀人的灵魂poison one’s mind改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students和…持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力exploit one’s potential开阔视野widen one’s vision (horizon)开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰climb one’s career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit启发学生 enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education 精神和实践能力为重点的 and emphasizing creativity and practice素质教育使英语达到更高水平push one’s English to a higher level受到…的关注 receive attention from疏导游客 divert tourists疏通关系 lubricate relationships树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image刷卡, 划卡 punch the card; stamp the card陶冶情操cultivate one’s taste (temperament)提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公务员的综合素质 improve the overall quality of civil servants提高全民反毒品的意识 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度raise one’s prestige提供受教育机会 offer a chance of education通过资格考试 pass qualification examinations透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of st h. (cut the ground from under sb’s feet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress相互促进 help each other forward向世界展示中国文化建设introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement t o的成就 the world向学生传授知识 impart knowledge to students消除误解 clear up misunderstanding消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学 form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice 的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪 enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude引起激烈争论 spark a hot debate营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment影响身心健康 affect physical and psychological health有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development of education与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增强自我保护意识strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right找工作 hunt for a job值得重视(关注) deserve one’s attention制止盗版软件 control the pirated software重视(优先考虑)教育发展 give priority to the development of education重视实用性 place stress on practicality尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境 protect and improve the living environment and the保护珍稀野生动植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术 adopt environmental protection technique采用新的开采方法 apply new exploitation methods参加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动 take part in environmental protection activities产生巨大的水文效应 produce great hydrological effects崇尚绿色生活方式pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境 create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展 promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保护森林 pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化 strengthen the greening of the city加强环境保护 strengthen environmental protection加强生态建设 improve the eco-construction加强水土保持 reinforce the conservation of water and soil坚持门前三包制度adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆 reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费 reduce waste揭开人类生命的奥秘 decode the secret of human life进一步加快环保规划 further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧 prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 开展绿色活动 advocate green activities扩建管道网络 expand the pipe network普及环保知识 popularize environmental protection knowledge窃取密码 snatch password窃取知识产权 lift intellectual property实行严格的机动车排放标准 implement strict vehicle emission standards使电脑死机 crash computers使用再生纸 use recycle paper探索…的奥秘 probe the mysteries of淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高环境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources投放电脑病毒 unleash viruses完善城市基础设施建设 perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants为人类提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护 enjoy first-class protection of the State削减污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制传染病的传播 strain the spread of infectious diseases引发一系列的问题 result in a series of problems预防爱滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增强环境意识 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection战胜非典 defeat SARS治理沙地和水土流失问题 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源 attach importance to saving resources五、人口类不服从父母 disobey their parents倡导人力资源管理 advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况 conduct a survey on sex and marriage对子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人们的私生活reflect people’s private lives鼓励创建文明家庭encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活 lead an isolated life坚持计划生育的基本国策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning进行全国人口普查 carry out national population census禁止他人作克隆人的实验 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments开辟人类历史新纪元 start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction 自然增长的现代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and 产类型的转变 low natural growth rate损害人类社会的道德观 damage the morality of human society缩小代沟 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth提出离婚 ask for a divorce提高人口素质 improve the population quality维护和促进人民的生存权safeguard and promote the people’s rights to subsistence and 和发展权 development维护***和不断改善***状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rightssituation享受优越的生活条件 enjoy good living condition显示明显的差异 display a marked difference优化人口结构 optimize the population structure优生优育 bear and rear better children占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和观念 result in a different ideology and concepts造福人类和科学 benefit mankind and science正确处理经济发展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development 资源、环境的关系 versus (with) population，natural resources and environment征求父母的意见ask for her parents’ opinion挣零花钱 earn their pocket money重视人口老年化问题 pay attention to the problem of an aging population逐渐削弱长辈的权威 undermine the authority of the older generation尊重和保障*** respect and guarantee human rights六、体育类避开与…比赛 avoid playing against标志一个历史时刻 mark a historic time表现完美 give some very good performance剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody采取新的计分方法 adopt a new scoring system参加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay参加热身赛 take part in a key warm-up game参加申办活动 participate in the bidding campaign超过世界记录 surpass the world record成为国家的骄傲 become the pride of the nation创新世界纪录 set a new world record达到国际体育标准 reach the standard for international games打败比利时队 defeat Belgium打破恶性循环 break the wretched cycle打破世界纪录beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)担任中国国家队主教练 serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team夺冠 take the crown反对使用兴奋剂 oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs符合举办奥运会的要求 meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games更具进攻性 become more aggressive鼓舞队员的士气 boost the morale of the team members获得认可 gain recognition获得团体冠军 win the team title激发中国青年的雄心壮志 fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths急于获胜 gain an eagerness to win建立职业联赛和俱乐部 set up a professional league and clubs角逐世界杯 compete for the World Cup满意抽签结果 satisfy with the draw面对强手 face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛 blow a whistle to stop the end of the match配备各种设施 furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验 gain experience取得世界杯决赛资格 qualify for the World Cup finals确保中国进入决赛ensure China’s appearance in the final申奥 bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics失去男子单打冠军miss out on men’s singles gold实现零的突破 fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough使其他选手相形见绌 dwarf other athletes使生命焕发活力wake up one’s life使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory提出比赛建议 make comments on the contests提高中国队的水平 raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手 choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion吸引中国大学生优秀选手attract China’s top university players向世界顶级球队学习learn from the world’s top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展demonstrate (show) the latest development of China’s soccer 支持北京申办2008年奥运会support Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn。