托福TPOminilectures

1 What is the talk mainly about?
A Symbolism in African rock art
B Differences between European and African rock art
C Conservation of African rock art
D New discoveries of African rock art
2 According to the professor, what are two main causes of damage to African rock art?
Click on 2 answers
A Pollution
B The weather
C Animals
D Tourists
3 Why dose the professor mention the Getty Institute
A It is helping to photograph the art
B It is displaying samples of the art the school
C One of its members discovered the paintings in the Sahara
D One of its members found a way to determine the age of African paintings
4 How do the African rock paintings differ from European rock paintings?
A The African paintings more frequently depict people
B The African paintings are more abstract
C The African paintings do not depict animals
D The African paintings are less colorful
5 According to the professor, what was unusual about the paint used by some African rock artists?
A Animal blood was one of its ingredients
B It was a mixture of charcoal and water
C It reflected light
D The sun and rain did not fade its color
6 What was learned about the Sahara from African rock art?
A It was much larger than its present size.
B Its people migrated to southern Europe.
C It once had plenty of rainfall.
D It was once separate from the African continent.
7 What is purpose of the talk?
A To show the effect of poetry on society.
B To point out stylistic similarities of two poets.
C To compare the social structure of the United States before and after the Civil War.
D To introduce the poetry of a particular period.
8 What does professor say about fiction during the period immediately after the Civil War?
A It changed more than any other type of literature.
B It usually dealt with war-related themes.
C It was unpopular with the general reader
D It lacked the innovations found in other forms of literature.
9 According to professor, what two subjects would most likely be the source of inspiration for a poem by Emily Dickinson?
Click on 2 answers
A Children falling asleep.
B The political life of a United States president.
C The events of a Civil War battle.
D A flower garden.
10 According to the professor, what aspect of Emily Dickinson’s poetry was innovative?
A The unusual rhyme scheme.
B The combining of profound ideas with familiar images.
C The complex vocabulary.
D The length of the verses in her later poetry.
11 What does the professor say makes Walt Whitman’s poetry particularly notable?
A It had a strong impact on Emily Dickinson’s work.
B Its messages were rejected by readers.
C It abandoned many literary traditions
D It mainly dealt with ordinary experiences.
12 What does the professor say may have led Walt Whitman to become a poet?
A His love of nature.
B His experiences in the Civil War..
C His failure at public speaking.
D His rejection of science and technology.
13 What is the talk mainly about?
A Problems with farming during the 1930’s.
B The documentary approach to photography.
C Improvements in cameras in the 1930’s.
D Dorothea Lange’s training in photographic techniques.
14 What two factors contributed to the development of Dorothea Lange’s
work?
A Improvements in photographic equipment.
B The need to gain support for aid programs.
C Her ability to explain to people how they should pose.
D Government funding of research in camera technology.
15 Why did many farmers leave the southern Great during the 19230’s?
A Cold weather froze their crops.
B The government paid them to move off the land.
C They hoped to find work in California.
D Rain had flooded their land.
16 Why does the professor talk about Dorothea Lange’s work?
A She took powerful photographs of landscapes.
B She improvements to photographic equipment changed the field of photography.
C She organized a government program.
D Her photographs are representative of the documentary style of photography.
17 what would be the most likely subject of a Lange photograph?
A A newly built farmhouse.
B A homeless farmer.
C A famous politician.
D A bowl of fruit.
18 What was the result of Dorothea Lange’s work at the camp in California?
A Photographers were restricted from entering migrant camps.
B Farmers were given money to pay for the crop of peas.
C Food supplies were delivered to the camp.
D The workers were offered good jobs in California.
19 what is the talk mainly about?
A Effects of advertising on a society
B The benefits of advertising for
consumers
C The role of the FTC in international
advertising
D Deception in advertising
20 What is the purpose of the professor's talk?
A To provide a history of the FTC.
B To introduce students to various methods of advertising.
C To demonstrate how easily consumers are confused.
D To defend advertising against criticism that it is misleading.
21 What is the professor's opinion about most advertising?
A It leads consumers to make unwise decisions.
B It unnecessarily raises the cost of a product.
C It does not deceive consumers.
D It has little effect on consumers' buying patterns.
22 According to the professor, what does the FTC do?
A It regulates international trade.
B It sets standards for the advertising industry.
C It imposes taxes on nonessential products.
D It assists new advertising agencies.
23 When is an advertisement considered deceptive?
A When claims about a product are exaggerated.
B When reasonable consumers are misled about an important aspect of a product.
C When the FTC collects an adequate number of complaints about an advertisement.
D When the majority of consumers refuse to buy a product based on information in the advertisement.
24 What is puffery?
A An exaggeration of a product's quality.
B Intentionally deceptive advertisements.
C Advertisements for beauty products.
D A fine charged by the FTC.
25 What is the tale mainly about?
A An experiment that measured sleep patterns.
B A new way to stay awake longer.
C A sleep disorder that affects many people.
D An unusual method of treating sleeplessness.
26 What are circadian rhythms?
A The rate at which the heart beats during sleep.
B Cycles of biological activities.
C A series of research studies about sleep.
D Social cues that signal daily functions.
27 How did the subjects in the research study indicate the end of a sleeping session?
A They rang a bell.
B They opened the curtains.
C They turned on the lights.
D They recorded the time in a special notebook.
28 What did the researchers conclude about the human sleep/wake cycle?
A It is equivalent to the time span of one day.
B It is the same for all humans.
C It is substantially different from those of other organisms.
D It is slightly longer than 24 hours.
29 Which signals in the environment help humans reset their sleep cycle?
Click on 2 answers.
A Telephones.
B Clocks.
C Outdoor sounds.
D Sunlight.
30 According to the professor, why must the circadian rhythm of sleep be reset each day?
A It differs from regular daily schedules.
B It is affected by daily weather changes.
C People go to sleep at different times each night.
D People do not nap as often as they should.
31 What is the talk mainly about?
A Early childhood education.
B Piaget's educational background.
C Infants' awareness of their surroundings.
D Infants' lack of response to unfamiliar situations.
32 How does recent research affect Piaget's theories?
A It shows that repeated exposure to objects does not have an impact on an infant's curiosity.
B It contradicts his ideas on object permanence.
C It shows that infant heart rate is not affected by exciting experiences.
D It demonstrates that habituation does not take place in infancy.
33 According to Piaget, how do young infants react when they see something unusual?
Click on 2 answers.
A They become upset.
B They show no emotion.
C They look at it.
D They become excited.
34 What was Piaget's experiment on object permanence supposed to determine?
A Whether infants recognize something they have seen before.
B Whether infants recognize variations in the sizes of objects.
C Whether infants get frightened by large objects.
D Whether infants believe hidden objects still exist.
35 How did the more recent experiment on object permanence differ from Piaget's earlier experiment?
Click on 2 answers.
A The recent experiment tested whether babies would react to an impossible situation.
B The recent experiment involved younger children than Piaget's did.
C The recent experiment examined how infants interacted with each other.
D The recent experiment used only infant girls as subjects.
36 To which situation did the infants have a noticeable reaction?
A A short carrot passing behind a solid screen.
B A short carrot passing behind a window screen.
C A long carrot passing behind a solid screen.
D A long carrot passing behind a window screen.
37 What is the talk mainly about?
A Similarities between vision in cats and in humans.
B Hunting techniques of cats.
C The position of the eyes on the faces of mammals.
D Distinctive features of a cat's vision.
38 What does the professor imply is a popular misconception about cats?
A They are able to see in the dark.
B They are good hunters.
C They rely on smell more than sight for hunting.
D They are unable to see in three dimensions.
39 What are two areas in which cats' visual abilities are better than humans' ?
Click on 2 answers.
A Judging distances.
B Seeing images clearly.
C Seeing in poor light.
D Sensing movement.
40 What role does guanin play in the visual processes of a cat?
A It causes the cat's pupils to dilate.
B It reflects light from the cat's retina.
C It prevents the blurring of images.
D It allows the cat to see colors.
41 What does the professor say is one way mice are sometimes able to escape detection by cats?
A By running through a dimly lit area.
B By jumping onto high objects.
C By standing still.
D By running behind the cat.
42 What does the position of the eyes on a cat's face help the cat do?
A See animals that are not moving.
B See objects in poorly lit surroundings.
C Judge distances accurately.
D Distinguish between shades of color.
43 What does the professor mainly discuss?
A Plants eaten by desert animals.
B The differences between various types of cacti.
C Why some desert plants are larger than others.
D How plants are able to live in the desert.
44 What does the professor say about the seeds of an annual desert plant?
A They sprout only under favorable conditions.
B They are encased in a very thin shell.
C They are attractive as a food source for desert birds
D They can hold a large amount of moisture.
45 What are two features of their leaves help some desert plants avoid water loss? Click on 2 answers.
A They are covered with a kind of wax.
B They reflect sunlight.
C They are very small.
D They are covered with tiny holes.
46 When do the stems of a succulent plant become enlarged?
A When the temperature gets very hot.
B When it rains.
C When a predator is near.
D When the plant is ready to disperse its seeds.
47 What does the professor say about the roots of a succulent plant?
A They usually grow above the ground.
B They can be eaten.
C They are close to the surface of the ground.
D They are filled with water.
48 What are the two primary functions of the sharp spines on a cactus plant?
A They prevent animals from eating the plant.
B They channel water toward the roots of the plant.
C They allow oxygen to be released from the plant.
D They attract pollinating insects to the plant.
49 What is the talk mainly about?
A The diet of white-tailed deer.
B Techniques used by predators to catch deer.
C Types of shelter found in deer yards.
D The use of trails by white-tailed deer.
50 Why are the trails of the white-tailed deer important for their food supply? Click on 2 answers.
A The deer follow the trails to eat in areas outside the home range.
B The deer eat plants growing alongside the trails.
C The deer use the trails to travel to their feeding grounds.
D The deer build trails around their yards to protect their food supply.
51 What is the primary function of runways?
A To connect the larger trails in the home range to each other.
B To allow deer to move easily to new yards.
C To provide a direct route to the deer yard.
D To permit several deer to move together along a path.
52 What happens to the trail system when food becomes scarce in winter?
A It is damaged from overuse.
B It is expanded.
C It is joined with another herd’s trails.
D It is abandoned.
53 According to the professor, why do the deer need to know the entire network of trails?
Click on 2 answers
A To enable them to find their yards in bad weather
B To help them guard the boundaries of the home range from other deer
C To allow them to escape when pursued.
D To assist them in detecting predators in their territory.
54 According to the professor, why is deep snow dangerous for white-tailed deer?
A The deer are unable to move quickly through the snow.
B Predators can easily conceal themselves in the snow.
C The hooves of the deer become brittle in the cold snow.
D The deer cannot see the trail underneath the snow.
55 What is the purpose of the talk?
A To explain some factors contributing to the perception of color.
B To describe the dangerous effects of sunlight.
C To describe the wave patterns of ocean currents.
D To argue against a popular theory of the behavior of light.
56 According to the professor, what must be true of a light wave in order for the human eye to see it?
A It must be longer than the wavelength seen as the color red.
B It cannot be reflected by objects in its path.
C It must be partially absorbed by the molecules surrounding it.
D It must fall within a certain range of wavelengths.
57 Look at the diagram of the visible spectrum. What does the professor imply is true of the wavelength that is seen as the color orange?
A It is longer than the wavelength seen as blue.
B It is not a component of white light.
C Its value is the same as the wavelength seen as red.
D It generally does not strike obstacles in the air.
58 What does the professor try to explain by discussing ocean waves?
A How piers are weakened by wave action.
B How prisms function.
C What happens to light waves in Earth’s atmosphere.
D Why it is difficult to predict patterns in ocean currents.
59 To what does the professor compare the iron columns of piers?
A A line of soldiers.
B Obstacles in the atmosphere.
C Electromagnetic waves.
C A prism.
60 What does the apparent color of an object depend on?
A The texture of the object
B The wavelength of light than reflects off of the object.
C The temperature of the air that surrounds the object.
D The weight of the object.
61 What is the talk mainly about?
A The cycle of water in the environment.
B The creation of the Grand Canyon.
C The stages in a stream’s development.
D The effect of erosion on streams.
62 According to the professor, what’s is a graded stream?
A A stream than does not wear down or build up is channel.
B A stream than meanders from side to side.
C A stream with flood plain.
D A stream than deposits soil in its channel.
63 What are the characteristics of a young stream?
Click on 2 answers
A It deposits material in the channel bottom.
B It follows a straight path.
C It does not have rapids or falls.
D It creates s V-shaped valley.
64 Why is misleading to say than streams age like people?
Click on 2 answers
A It is hard to estimate when a stream first flows.
B Steams can flow for many years but remain youthful.
C Streams can return to youth from maturity.
D It is difficult to identify a stream’s stage of development.
65 Why does the professor mention the Colorado River?
A To show than an ancient river can have youthful qualities
B To demonstrate the process of canyon formation.
C To give an example of a river cutting through soft material.
C To illustrate the characteristics of a river in old age.
66 How does a stream become rejuvenated?
A Its starts to meander.
B Its valley becomes wider.
C Its channel becomes deeper.
D Its elevation rises.
67 What does the professor mainly discuss?
A The need to build reservoirs.
B The melting of ice at the North Pole.
C Why planets rotate at a constant rate.
D How human activity may affect the whole Earth.
68 What does the professor say about ocean currents?
A They cause air pressure patterns to vary.
B They may be used someday to generate electricity.
C They influence the Earth’s rotation.
D They are breaking up the polar ice sheets.
69
70 Why does the professor compare the spinning Earth to an ice-skater?
A To illustrate the most efficient use of energy.
B To show the effect of shifting mass toward the axis.
C To demonstrate how wind resistance affects rotation.
D To explain the relation between science and art.
71 What does the professor imply might be one effect of building more large reservoirs?
A The Earth would rotate faster.
B The atmosphere would warm less rapidly.
C Floods would occur more frequently.
D The level of the oceans would rise.
72 What does the professor say about the length of a day?
A It is a constant on which many other measurements are based.
B It has increased very slightly over the last forty years.
C It may be affected by the size and location of reservoirs.
D It seems to have increased greatly due to electric power.
73What is the discussion mainly about?
A Different kinds of pianos.
B The history of the harpsichord and the piano.
C The mechanics of two keyboard instruments.
D Music written for different keyboard instruments.
74 Why does the class meet in a studio?
A To make a recording.
B To see the instruments in the studio
C To attend a concert
D Because their classroom is not available
.
75 What three features are common to both the piano and the harpsichord?
Click on 3 answers
A Hammers
B Strings
C Keys
D Plectrums
E A frame
76 What does the professor say about the strings inside a piano?
A They are arranged according to length.
B They produce higher tones than the strings inside a harpsichord.
C They all have the same thickness.
D They are held in place by a piece of leather
.
77 What will the students most likely do next?
A Play a piece on the piano
B Watch how a sound is produced on a harpsichord
C Take a quiz about keyboard instruments
D Compose a piece for a keyboard instrument
78 What is the discussion mainly about?
A Variations in children’s writing ability
B Children’s knowledge of written language
C Classroom techniques for teaching children how to read
C Differences between spoken and written language forms
79 According to the discussion, what is the relationship between written and spoken language?
A Written language is a way of representing spoken language
B Written language develops independently of spoken language
C Written language is more precise than spoken language
C Written language requires a broader vocabulary than spoken language
80
81 According to the discussion, which activity can help young children learn what written symbols represent?
A Reciting the letters of the alphabet
B Looking at many words in print
C Attending school at an early age
C Practicing forming letters on a page
82 What is “metalinguistic awareness”?
A The knowledge of a number of different languages
B An awareness of different approaches to language teaching
C The ability to communicate using language
D An awareness of how language functions
83 What is the discussion mainly about?
A Pesticides used by fruit farmers
B The function of one type of chemical in fruit
C The types of fruit people should avoid
C How birds digest poisonous fruit
84 What method of spreading seeds does the class discuss?
A Seeds are blown by the wind
B Seeds stick to animal fur
C Seeds are collected by farmers and planted as crops
C Seeds are eaten by animals and deposited in the soil
85 What two benefits of glycoalkaloids does the professor mention?
Click on 2 answers
A They discourage animals from eating tomatoes before they ripen
B They improve the taste of nightshade berries
C They inhibit the growth of fungi on fruit
D They give fruit an attractive color
86 What does the professor say about the taste of certain fruits than contain glycoalkaloids?
A The fruits can taste bitter to people
B The fruits taste sweet to most birds
C The fruits are so distasteful that no animals eat then
D The fruits have naturally evolved to have a milder flavor
87 What reason does the professor mention tor tomatoes going bad at the grocery store?
A They are kept too cold
B They contain too many glycoalkaloids
C They are covered with a thick layer of wax
D They do not have enough resistance to fungi
88 What is the discussion mainly about?
A A different type of cloud formation
B A type of seed that needs little water
C An effort to reduce the amount of acid rain
D A technique for increasing the quantity of rain
89 According to the discussion, what is the main consideration when choosing a seeding agent?
A The direction of the wind
B The temperature of the cloud
C The size of the cloud
D The types of chemicals in the cloud
90 What are super cooled clouds?
A Clouds that produce ice storms
B Clouds that have been treated with dry ice
C Clouds that are below freezing in temperature
D Clouds that have moved from a hot a cold location
91 What happens when dry ice or silver iodide is added to a cloud?
A The water in the cloud turns into snow
B The cloud becomes larger
C The cloud releases raindrops
D The water in the cloud becomes warmer
92 What is preventing the large-scale use of cloud seeding?
Click on 2 answers
A A shortage of seeding agents
B A lack of knowledge about the effect of cloud seeding on surrounding areas
C A lack of laws that regulate cloud seeding
D A shortage of pilots trained in cloud seeding。