句子的基本句型
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句子的基本句型
1. 根据谓语动词的用法,英语句子有下列五种基本句型。
以上是英语句子的基本句型。
在这些句型中有主语、谓语(动词)、宾语、主语补足语、宾语补足语、间接宾语、直接宾语等成分。
从这些句型我们可以看到,一个完整的英语句子一般至少应包括两个基本成分。
除了这些基本成分外,英语的句子中还有定语、状语、同位语、插入语、感叹语、呼语等成分。
这些成分与英语的其他构句手段一起使英语的句子变化多端,可以表达各种复杂的思想。
如:
In the nineteenth century, people believed in progress.在19世纪,人们相信进步。
(SV句型,增加了状语)
For the last 25 years, for example, I've prepared an annual Christmas letter for long-distance friends. 例如,在过去25年里,我一直为远方的朋友每年写一张圣诞贺卡。
(SVO句型,增加了状语、插入语、定语)
Change was not always this rapid.变化并不总是这样快的。
(SVC句型,增加了状语)
No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend. 没有人真的指望一次假日旅行就能结交到一位好友。
(SVOC句型,增加了状语、定语)
The scientific method has shown us endless marvels and wonders. 科学方法向我们展示出了无穷的奇迹。
(SVOC句型,增加了定语)
My friend Beth was very ambitious.我的朋友贝思雄心勃勃。
(SVC句型,增加了同位语、定语、状语)
2. There be句型
在There be句型中,there 放在主语的位置,真正的主语是be动词后面的名词词组,谓语动词通常为be,be随人称、数、时态、情态等而变化。
例如:
There is no food that is essential, but there are nutrients that are necessary for good health. 没有哪种食物是必不可少的,但有些营养成分对身体健康是不可缺少的。
There hadn't been any rain for months. The earth was bare and dry. There wasn't a blade of grass growing anywhere. 数月无雨,大地干裂,寸草不生。
There might well be a trace of truth to the stereotype. 老套话也许有点儿道理。
Note 1:除be之外,一些表示存在、位置移动等意义的不及物实义动词也可以用在there句型中。
常用的有seem, appear, live, lie, remain, exist, happen等,例如:
So long as human beings remain curious, there seems no doubt that the whodunit, in all its various forms, will continue to exert its fatal attraction. 只要人类依然好奇,那么毫无疑问,各种各样的侦探小说就将继续发挥它们致命的诱惑力。
I don't think she ever understood why her genuinely good intentions were scorned by the media, why there appeared to be a permanent quest on their behalf to bring her down 我想她一直都没明白为什么她发自内心的良好愿望却受到媒
体的讥讽,为什么他们为了他们自己的利益总是一直缠着她,打击她。
There followed a long period of peace and prosperity. 随后一段相当长的和平繁荣时期到来了。
Note 2: there be的特殊结构:
1)There is no use (in) doing。
此结构意为“……是没有用的”。
There is可改为it is。
如:
There is/It is no use asking her—she doesn't know anything. 问她是没有用的,因为她什么都不知道。
2)There is no point ( sense)+ in +动名词。
此结构意为“……是没有意义的”。
如:
There is no point in wasting our summer holiday here. 在这里浪费我们的暑假是毫无意义的。
There is no sense in making him angry.惹恼他毫无意义。
Note 3: 在使用There be结构时,应避免以下错误:
1)There + be句型不能与since 连用。
如:
*There are three years since we last met.
It's three years since we last met. 自从我们上次见面至今已经三年了。
2)There be结构表示“某地有……”,所以一般不与“has”或“have”连用。
如:
*There has a man at the door. He wants to speak to you.
There is a man at the door. He wants to speak to you. 门口有个人。
他想跟你谈谈。
3)在使用there be结构时,特别要注意不要出现双谓语,例如:
* Are there no people in the world help me during this crisis?
Are there no people in the world who can help me during this crisis? /
Are there no people in the world to help me during this crisis? 在这关键时刻难道就没有人能帮我一把?。