定语从句高中英语基础版
高中英语基本从句——定语从句 简单归纳

• 先行词有两个或两个以上,既有人又有物 • He talked about the places of interest and the famous people that he had visited.
Q2. 关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况
高一级
• 先行词是主句的表语时 • Tom is no longer the boy that he used to be. • There be句型 • There are so much work that must be finished. • 主句是以who,which开头的疑问句 • Who is the man that told you the news? • Which is the dress that you bought yesterday?
高一级
关系副词when
• 关系副词when可以限定性和非限定性定语从句,其 先行词必须是表示时间的名词,day, year, century…先行词在从句中作时间状语。 • Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ____ local 5-star hotels charged 6000 yuan for one night. • 我将永远不会忘记我们在公园第一次见面的那一天。 • I’ll never forget the day when we first met in the park.
高一级
关系副词where
• 关系副词where引导定语从句,其先行词一般是表示 地点的名词:place,house… • 关系副词where在从句中作地点状语 这是我度过童年生活的那个小镇。 This is the town where I spend my childhood. 这是我之前参观过的那个小镇。 This is the town which I paid a visit to before.
高中英语:定语从句专项讲解

高中英语:定语从句专项讲解【基础回顾】考点归纳:定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句2.关系副词引导的定语从句3.判断关系代词与关系副词4.限制性和非限制性定语从句5.介词+关系词6.as, which 非限定性定语从句7.关系代词that 的用法一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1、who, whom, that限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who/that whom/that(可省略) whose指物which/that which/that(可省略) whose指人和物that that whose非限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who whom whose/of whom指物which which whose/of which特殊情况:只能用that的情况,先行词为everything,all,little,much等不定代词时;先行词被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修饰时;先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时;先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时;先行词有人又有物时;当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
不能用that的情况介词前置时;非限定性定语从句中先行词本身是that多用who,不用that的情况。
先行词为anyone,one,ones时;先行词为those,he和people时;这些词代替指人,whom在定语从句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。
高中英语语法:定语从句篇

高中英语语法:定语从句篇一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
3、but用作关系代词,相当于who/that…not例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one 等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高中英语定语从句

高中英语定语从句一、定语从句之结构定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构;它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。
定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。
在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体,或是构成一个名词短语;或是构成一个代词短语。
从结构上说,关系词与从句是一个整体。
排除句子的其他各部分,这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下:1)Three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack.三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象。
在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中:signs是:被修饰的名词; that是:关系词;that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2)Those who drink a lot. 那些大量饮酒的人。
在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中:those是:被修饰的`名词; who是:关系词;定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下:被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中,"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)二、定语从句讲解(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
高中英语定语从句详细讲解

高中英语定语从句详细讲解定语从句基本概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2 定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that ,which ,who (宾格whom,所有格whose ),as 等。
关系副词包括where ,when ,why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
例如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty won' t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
例如:The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的.注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that 。
4 关系代词的用法that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that 作主语)The coat (that )I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that 作宾语)which 用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
高考高中英语核心语法详解 定语从句

高考高中英语核心语法详解定语从句关系从句//定语从句一、基础知识1. 由来:两个句子之间要有一个重复元素产生关联。
重复点上改写为关系词,由此产生关系从句。
这个重复点在主要从句中称为先行词(antecedent)。
在关系从句中称为关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
结构一般比较固定:先行词+关系词+从句例:The boss lives opposite my house. 那位老板住在我家对面。
He is very rich. 他很富有。
说明:the boss 和he 为重复点;下面保留boss,把he改写为who,组成一句话:The boss who lives opposite my house is very rich. 住在我家对面的那位老板很富有。
boss称为为先行词;who为关系引导词;who引导的句子称为关系从句或定语从句。
2.内涵:忌重复原则决定,目的让句子更紧凑;尾重原则,决定重点信息后置。
3.先行词:被关系从句所修饰的词The tall man who is standing over there is my uncle. 正站在那儿的高个子男士是我叔叔。
man为先行词。
4. 关系词:让两个句子产生关联;具有双重角色;(1)角色一:代替前面的先行词;(2)角色二:起到连接作用,并在其引导的句子中承担相应语法成分;例:This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。
that代替前面的先行词book; that同时是其引导句子中bought的宾语。
5. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分口诀: 有无逗号;限定不限定;展开不展开;a. 限制性: 从句紧跟先行词,两者之间无逗号,并且句意特别指定先行词,并不展开。
b.非限制性:先行词与从句中间用逗号隔开;句意非特指不限定,从句继续展开。
例:限制性There is a tribe of busy little people who live in the Frozen Zone.一个忙碌的小人部落住在冰冻区。
高中英语 定语从句

高中英语定语从句一、定语从句在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
(定语从句作后置定语)二、先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词,作先行词的可以是:1.一个词(通常是名词,也可以是代词)This is the place which is worth visiting.这是值得参观的地方。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
2.一个短语Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题,是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
3.一个分句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为,语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
4.一个完整的句子I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上,我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院,这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。
高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ.概念:(1) 定语从句: 在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词()后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词, 短语, 或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句, 连接主句和从句, 相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语)常用的关系代词: 、、、、,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时, 关系代词可以省略。
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): (时间状语)、(原因状语)、(地点状语)可以修饰人的关系代词: , , ,可以修饰事的关系代词: , , , ,.I .() .I'd a .定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:●: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语, 宾语, 表语。
(指人时, 相当于或;指物时, 相当于)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1.A .(主语)2.3. ( ) .(宾语)4. ()5. ( ) .6.'s ( ) .(表语)7. () .(= .= 。
= .)●: 指物;在定语从句中作主语, 宾语。
如:1. .(主语)2. () I .(宾语)●, , :: 主格, 在从句中作主语, 只可指人: 宾格, 在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人: 表所属关系, 在从句中作定语。
译为: 某人的, 某物的+ 名词 + n.+ (某物的)+ n.+ (某人的)I .(主语)( / ) .I a .( = )A .(指人)( = )I'd a .(指物)( )关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中, 介词提前时, 介词后: 表人用;表物用 )关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
高中英语定语从句 (共43张PPT)

1 定语从句(二)
一、只使用that的情况:
7. 先行词为数词时。 Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday. 瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
a brave boya boy with Nhomakorabealasses
a boy who is brave and wearing glasses
3 定语从句
2. 什么成分可以作定语?
1.My brother likes playing basketball. 我兄弟喜欢打篮球。(代词作前置定语)
2.There are few women workers in the factory. 这个工厂女工很少。(形容词、名词作前置定语)
1
定语从句(二)
1 定语从句(二)
一、只使用that的情况:
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。 We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals. 我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。 There is much that I want to tell you. 我有很多想要告诉你的话。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗?
5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语,用whose或of whom/of which引导。 This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. = This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known. = This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known. This is the house whose window broke last night. = This is the house, of which the window broke last night. = This is the house, the window of which broke last night.
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)

高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法

高中英语知识点归纳定语从句的用法定语从句是英语中常见的一种从句。
它用来对主句中的名词或代词进行修饰和限定,使语言更加精确和具体。
本文将对高中英语中关于定语从句的用法进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一个以关系词引导的从句,修饰或限定前面的名词或代词,起到进一步解释、补充信息的作用。
关系词包括:who、whom、which、whose、that等。
二、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词who指代人,whom在从句中做宾语,which指代物,可以指代整个主句或从句中的一个成分,that既可以指人也可以指物。
2. 关系副词where表示地点,when表示时间,why表示原因。
三、定语从句的位置1. 当修饰主句中的主语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。
例句:The boy who is playing football is my brother.(正在踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。
)2. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之后。
例句:I bought a book which was written by J.K. Rowling.(我买了一本J.K.罗琳写的书。
)3. 当修饰主句中的宾语时,定语从句位于被修饰名词之前。
例句:I saw the girl whom I met yesterday.(我看到了昨天遇到的那个女孩。
)四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句用来对名词进行修饰和限定,如果去掉不影响主句的完整性。
被从句修饰的名词不能省略。
例句:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(昨天我买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 非限制性定语从句用来对名词进行陈述和补充说明,去掉会影响句子的意思和完整性。
被从句修饰的名词可以省略。
例句:Tom, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.(汤姆是个医生,在一家医院工作。
高中英语语法基础 ——定语从句知识点总结归纳讲解(附同步练习)(有答案)

高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解(附同步练习)★先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下,引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as,在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词:when,where,why在从句内作状语。
(一). 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物,可作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略。
(二). 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系,表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
高中英语基础知识大全(精品5篇)

高中英语基础知识大全(精品5篇)高中英语基础知识大全(1)定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有:when, where, why, how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 、关系代词引导的定语从句1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw (whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the (which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come (which / that在句中作宾语)关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:不用that的情况:a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famousb) 介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get ourc) 多用who 的情况①关系代词在从句中做主语A friend who helps you in time of need is a real②先行词为those, people 时Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the ③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see⑤在被分隔的定语从句中A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
高中英语新高考一轮语法复习(基础A版)(01)定语从句知识点整理总结

2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习(基础A版)(001)定语从句知识点整理总结01定义定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的例如,a good book, good就是定语那么在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句句型结构①先行词:被定语从句修饰的词②关系代词或关系副词(关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
)③定语从句:一般放在先行词的后面The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.先行词关系词定语从句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
02关系代词或关系副词的具体用法1、The student we saw just now is the best runner in our school.2、We saw the student is the best runner in our school just now.3、She has a brother name I can not remember4、The club members are music fans meet in the schoolgarden every Saturday afternoon.翻译5、我们认为你是那个我们可以获取到建议的人(expect advice from)翻译6、爸爸是那个我可以很容易交谈的人(talk to)7、It rained the whole day he traveled with his family.8、This is the reason my parents got home earlier.9、The study is the place I often have talks with my father.03是不是全部做对了呀,真棒!没有完全正确的小伙伴们也别气馁哦,抓紧时间查漏补缺!1. that的用法由关系代词that引导的定语从句的先行词是人或物。
高中英语定语从句详解及习题精炼附答案

定语从句一、知识框架二、知识梳理一)定义(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)关系代词(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语): that、which、who、whom、whose、as关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、where二)关系代词的用法在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。
关系代1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法三者都可用于指代人,但在用法上存在差别。
who和whomwho可以代替人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中可以担任主语,往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom(常可省略)。
但它的前面不能有介词,如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。
Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp.= The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp.We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children.who和that在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用,但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。
(1)先行词是one, ones和anyone时,宜用who。
高一英语定语从句课件

当先行词被最高级形容词所修饰时,
This is the highest building that I have ever seen.
Do you think this is the most powerful computer that has ever been invented?
当先行词被序数词修饰时
Do you have anything that you don’t understand?
Everything that can be done has been done.
I’m not interested in all that he told me. =I’m not interested in what he told me.(宾从)
The second question that was discussed at the meeting was the most important.
This is the last book that is on my reading list.
D.当先行词被all,no,only,any,very,just,much等词修饰时
The gift was sent by her son ____is serving in the army.
(who, that)
The gift was sent by her son, who is serving in the army.
(16, 限制性定从, 限定作用;
17, 非限制性定从, 补充修饰作用)
02
不能用that的两种情况
在非限制性定语从句中
We’ve collected many stamps, which are all very nice.
定语从句 高中英语

定语从句【基本概念】A friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you.1. 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容词。
2. 先行词:所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
3. 位置关系为:先行词+定语从句。
4. 关系词分类:关系代词和关系副词。
常用的关系代词:who, whom, whose, that, which, as.常用的关系副词:when, where, why.【关系代词】先行词是人1.作主语who, thate.g. The girl who/ that is standing under the tree is my sister.2. 作宾语who, whom, thate.g. The girl (who/ whom/ that )he is talking to is my sister.3. 作定语whosee.g. The girl whose hair is red is my sister.先行词是物1. 作主语which / thate.g. The book which/ that is on the table is mine.2. 作宾语which/ thate.g. The book (which / that) you bought yesterday is good.3. 作定语whosee.g. The book whose cover is blue is mine.指出关系词在定语从句中的成分1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.The girl whom I met is Lucy.3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.4.I like the book which you bought yesterday.总结:如何选用定语从句中的关系词1. 分清主句和定语从句2. 确定定语从句的先行词3. 把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分(主语,宾语,定语或状语)4. 若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词,若在从句中作状语,则选择关系副词。
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1. _____is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.(01全国)
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
2. York,_____last year, is a nice old city. (03年北京)
A. that I visited
B. which I visited
C. where I visited
D. in which I visited
3. Yesterday she sold her car, _____she bought a month ago. (08 浙江)
A. whom
B. where
C. that
D. which
Attributive Clause定语从句
一. Definition (定义)修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.
-----被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词
-----从句与先行词是修饰关系
二. Classification (分类)
1 限定性定语从句
2.非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句:
由连接代词that, which, who, whose
和连接副词when, why, where来引导
1. that:
eg:This is the girl that failed in the exam.
He swallowed all the food (that) mother prepared for him.
vt.
China is not the country (that) it used to be.
that 指代的先行词可为人或物,在从句中做主,宾,表语,做宾语或表语时被省略.
2. which
eg: I didn’t see the box which had been given to him.
Mary lost the necklace (which) she received as a gift.
vt.
which 指代先行词为物,在从句中做主或宾语,做宾语时可被省略.
3. who
eg: I don’t know Tom who is elected as our president.
who 指代先行词为人,在从句中做主语
4. whom
eg:The girl’s father is the man (whom) our teacher is talking to.
whom指代先行词为人,在从句中作宾语,可以被省略。
5. whose:
eg:I haven’t met the boy whose bagwas found by me.
No one will repair the house whose roof is broken.
whose“某人的”或“某物的”,在从句中做定语。
6. when
eg: I still remember the year when the P.R.C. was founded.
when=in the year
when指代先行词与时间有关,在从句中做状语,表示时间
7. why
eg:The reason why he didn’t comewas that her mother got ill.
why = for the reason
why一般先行词为reason,在从句中做状语表示原因
8. where
eg:I’ve been to Beijing, where the Olympic Games were held.
where = in Beijing
I ‘ve ever dealt with many cases where the victim turned out to be the murderer.
where = in the cases
where先行词一般为地点或situation,case,scene 等词,在从句中状语表示地点或代表相应
的介词短语。
非限定性定语从句
----特点:
1. 用逗号与主句隔开
2. 连词除指代先行词外,还可指代主句全句
eg:Tom dropped out of school,which made his mother angry.
3. that不可引导非限定从。
特别介绍:
as在定语从句中的用法
1. 限定定从:
eg:I have the same book as he has.
He is such a boy as I expected.
2.非限定定从:译为“正如”
eg:As is known to us,the headquarter of the U.N. is located in New York. CONCLUSION:
----注意事项:
1. 所有连词在从句中都要充当成分
2. 连词在从句中做宾语或表语时可被省略
3. that 与which的区别(总复习
P125)
4. what 不可引导定语从句!!!
------定语从句解题思路与点拨:
1. eg:Jim passed the driving test, _____surprised everybody in the office.(05浙江)
A. which
B. that
C. this
D. It
两句话不能只用逗号相连接,要添加连词。
2. 介词+ which/whom引导定从时判断介词的方法。
-----找到which 或whom所指代
的先行词,代入
eg:
The English play ___ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (04全国)A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
思路:which----the play----in the play-----看定从内部是否有固定词组搭配
eg : This is the baby ____ I was asked to take care.
A. of whom
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. by whom 思路: take care of ...
3.挑选连词前,一定要先划出从句范围,看其中缺少何种成分。
eg :
I have told him the reason ____ he didn’t know.
know---- vt. 后面缺少宾语know the reason
正解 :which/that
I have told him the reason ____ Mary didn’t come.
come----vi.正解:why
That & which 的区别
限定性定从中:
-----以下只用that
1. 先行词既有人又有物
2. 先行词为all ,everything ,nothing ,any ,some ,many 等不定代词时
3. 先行词有all ,any ,some ,many 修饰时
4. 先行词有序数词修饰
5. 先行词有最高级修饰
6.先行词分别被the only ,the very ,the same ,the last 修饰时
7. 当who ,which 引导特殊疑问句,同时做先行词时,用that (偶尔指人,也可用who )
-----以下不用that
1. 非限定从中
2. 介词之后,指物用which (介词之后,指人用whom )
3. 指代上文一句话,用which 指代下文一句话,用as
解题技巧:
-----在确定既能用which 又能用that 的情况下,首选
that。