高中英语必修四unit1 grammar主谓一致 PPT 课件

2. A woman with a baby in her arms ___A__ waiting
for the bus in the rain.
A．was B．were C．has D．have
3. E-mail, as well as the telephones, __A___ an
意义一致→
谓语动词的单复数取决于 主语所表达的概念，而不
取决于表面的语法标志
意义一致 1
•集合名词(family,team group,crowd public,government,band, company...) •若强调整体，谓语动词用单数 •若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数 e.g. The group is (be) made up of nine students. The group are (be ) dancing happily.
hWashennoatndbweehnere we will have a picnic _______ _ (be not) decided yet.
语法一致 5
*当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。
e.g. What you need are these dictionaries.
Large quantities of oil were put into the soup. Large quantities of apples were in the basket.
语法一致 8
•trousers, pants(裤子), shoes, glasses, gloves, stockings, scissors(剪刀)等词作主 语时谓语用复数，但如果名词前有 a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数 e.g. My glasses are broken. The scissors are sharp. The pair of shoes under the bed is mine.
• The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
但如果指事物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数. The new is sure to replace the old.
• Neither the students nor the teacher _k__n_o_w_s (know) what happened.
意义一致 2
• 单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish, series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器…做主语时，视 其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
e.g.A new means has been used . Many means have not come into effect.
Nothing in the box is mine.
Someone wants to see you.
语法一致 3
•none 和 neither 作主语时，谓语可用 单数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可 数名词只用单数
e.g. None of us is/ are perfect.(人无完人)
None of the information has been received.
语法一致 4
more than one…; many a…修饰名词，复数 含义，但是谓语用单数
e.g. Many a student __is__ (be) in the classroom. More than one mother __r_e_c_e_i_v_es (receive) the
flowers.
*如强调具体数目，则用复数。
One hundred cents make a dollar. More than fifty years have passed since they got married.
意义一致 7
• “the + 形容词/分词” 表示一类人，谓语用 复数, eg. the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the disabled, the sick
• There __is__ (be) an apple, two bananas, five oranges in the basket.
就近原则→
指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最 近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词
就近原则 1
就近原则 2
并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致 ？
1. You or he ___ to blame.
school. • 注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非
学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。
My mathematics are week. What are your politics? 政治信仰/见解
意义一致 4
主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词 some, all, more, most, any, none等以及名词 half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可 表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词 而定。
Eg: Which is more valuable, health or wealth? Which are prettier, these or those? We had some paper, and the rest was put back.
意义一致 4
意义一致 5
the number of（...的数量）, the variety Байду номын сангаасf(种类)用单数谓语， a number of（许多，大量）, a variety of（各种各 样的...)用复数谓语 1. The number of traffic accidents _h_a_s_ (have) increased.
意义一致 3
physics, politics, mathematics等一些以 “-ics”结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语 动词用单数。
Physics is not difficult to learn. Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every
2. A number of children _li_k_e_ (like) this song.
3. There are a variety of toys on sale in that shop.
4. The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.
意义一致 6
意义一致 6
表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词作 主语时，被看作整体时谓语用单数
Sixty years is a long time. Ten dollars is enough for him. Three thousand miles is a long distance. Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried.
Subject-verb Agreement
主谓一致
• 主谓一致是指句子的谓__语__动__词__与 _主__语__在_人__称__和_数___上必须保持一 致
Subject---Verb Agreement • 主谓一致的三个原则:
1. 语法一致 2. 意义一致 3. 就近原则
语法一致→
主语为单数或复数时，其
）
War and peace is often people’s topic.（战争与和平
）
1. and
3. 并列名词前有no…and (no)…; every…and (every)…; each and (each)修饰时，谓语一 般用单数
e.g. Every man and (every) woman _h_a_s_ (have) the
B．are
C．is being
D．are being
此题应选B。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保 持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语 与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是 一个勤劳的民族。
Exercise and Rules
1. The teacher with two students __w_a_s_ at the meeting . (was / were)
语法一致 7
a (large/ small/ vast)quantity of 或Large quantities of 谓语由quantity的形式 决定 e.g. A large quantity of oil was put into the soup. A large quantity of apples was in the basket.
你或他有一人要受责备。
2. ___ you or he to blame?
受责备的是你还是他？
A．is，Is
B．are，Are
C．is，Are D． are，Is
答案：C，就近一致
谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?
• We Chinese ____ a hard-working
people．
A．is
speech tonight in our school.
2. 两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念 e.g. The writer and translator is delivering a speech
tonight in our school. One more fork and knife is on the table.（一副刀叉