2012年货运代理考试英语辅导讲义(第九章)

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2012年国际货运代理从业资格考试专业英语试题答案.

2012国际货运代理从业资格考试专业英语试题答案一、单项选择题DAADB CBBAA BABBC二、判断题AABAB BBBAB BAABB三、多项选择题A C D A D C A CDB B CD BCD ABCD AD ACD四、完形填空BCCBB AABDB五、英译汉(1)Offer(2)Confirming bank(3)ICC(4)FCR(5)Voyage Charter(6)Particular average(7)Partial shipments(8)Customs broker(9)Clean bill of lading(10)Document of title(11)The WTO thus serves four basic functions:1)to implement,administer,and carry out the WTO Agreement and its annexes;2)to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations;3)to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes;4)to review the trade policies and practices of member states.答案：(1)发盘(2)保兑银行(3)国际商会(4)货运代理人收货证明书(5)航次租船(6)单独海损(7)分批装运(8)海关代理(9)清洁提单(10)物权凭证(11)世界贸易组织四个基本功能是：1)执行，管理和实施世贸组织协定及其附件;2)充当现行多边贸易谈判的论坛3)作为解决争端的法庭4)评审各成员国的贸易政策和行为六、汉译英(1)国际贸易(2)货物舱单(3)航空货运单(4)无营运船公共承运人(5)不记名背书(6)集装箱运输(7)均一运费费率(8)积载因素(9)指定商品运价(10)清关(11)除了安排提货交货、预定运货航班以及填写航空货运单等日常工作外，货运代理还要涉及如查寻丢失或错运的货物，处理赔偿损坏货物的要求等问题。

2012年国际货运代理考试辅导讲义(第一章)

一、国际货运代理的概念国际货运代理来源于英文的“internationalFreightForwarder”1、我国政府主管部门(商务部)对国际货运代理出台的定义“国际货运代理业”：是指接受进出口货物收货人、发货人的委托，以委托人的名义或者以自己的名义，为委托人办理国际货物运输及相关业务并收取服务报酬的行业。

从事的业务：国际代理企业可以作为进出口货物收货人、发货人的代理人，也可以作为独立经营人，从事国际货运代理业务。

2、国际货运代理协会联合会(FIATA)制定的国际货运代理的定义1996年10月颁布的《国际货运代理服务示范条例》(又称为FIATA货运代理标准交易条件)中给国际货运代理人和国际货运代理服务做出了定义。

“国际货运代理”是指与客户签订国际货运代理服务合同的人。

(04年推出)“国际货运代理及物流服务”指的是所有和货物的运输相关的服务，及货物的拼箱、储存、处理、包装和配送等相关的服务和上述服务相关的辅助性及咨询服务，其中包括，但不局限于海关和财政事务、货物的官方申报、安排货物的保险、代收或支付货物相关的款项和单证等服务。

【09真题】3、FIATA对“国际货运代理及物流服务”的最新定义指的是：所有和货物的运输(即采用单一的模式或多式联运模式所完成的运输)相关的服务，及货物的拼箱、储存、处理、包装或配送等相关的服务，和与上述服务的辅助性及咨询服务，其中包括，但不局限于海关和财政事务、货物的官方申报、安排货物的保险、代收或支付货物相关的款项与单证等服务。

()正确3、国际货运代理的性质国际货运代理人其本质就是“国际货运中间人”。

可以扮演“代理”的角色，也可以扮演“当事人”角色。

国际货运代理在社会产业结构中属于第三产业服务行业。

【09】2、国际货运代理人以自己的名义与第三人签订合同，往往被认定为当事人并承担当事人的责任。

()正确二、国际货运代理业务范围(一)货运代理的服务对象1、货方2、国家管理部门3、实际承运人4、储存装卸单位5、物流服务中的工商企业等【08真题】73.国际货运代理人所从事的业务范围非常广泛，通常为接受客户的委托，完成货物运输的某一个环节或与此有关的各个环节的任务，其服务对象有()。

2012年国际货运代理考试辅导讲义(第二章)

第一节国际货运代理法律地位概述【提示：本节内容大纲要求是“了解”，简单了解大陆法系和普通法系下对货运代理的法律地位的规定有何不同】注意!当前世界上还没有关于国际货运代理法律地位记起责任的统一公约。

一、普通法系国家货运代理法律地位货运代理的法律地位以代理的概念为基础。

二、大陆法系国际货运代理法律地位货运代理的法律地位一般由各国的《商法典》来确定。

所以各国也存在差异。

1、法国“运输代理”——对结果负责，当事人责任。

“货物转运代理”——代理人责任实际运输过程中，法国法律允许发货人在货运代理和承运人之间做出选择。

2、德国除非本人亲自执行运输，否则不承担合理履行运输合同的责任。

德国法律下，托运人对因未合理履行运输引起的损失只能向承运人追偿。

3、我国货运代理可以“以委托人的名义或者以自己的名义”行事。

即货运代理人从事的业务是以被代理人的名义行事，则为“代理人”，若以自己的名义行事，则为“当事人”。

【07年】32、对于国际货运代理是作为代理人还是当事人的法律地位，国际上通常有强制性的法律法规的规定。

( ) 错第二节我国有关代理法律规定【提示：本节内容大纲要求是“掌握”，分析历年真题，一般会涉及有2分左右的题目】备注!我国目前尚未有关于国际货运代理法律，所以涉及这方面的纠纷通常适用下列法律：★代理人——《中华人民共和国民法通则》(以下简称《民法通则》);★承运人、多式联运人或仓储保管人——《合同法》、《海商法》、《海事诉讼程序法》一、《民法通则》的有关规定(一)、代理的特征及权利1、概念：代理是指代理人以被代理人名义在代理权限内进行直接对被代理人发生效力的法律行为。

2、代理具有以下四个基本特征(1)代理行为必须是具有法律意义的行为;(2)代理人独立进行意思表示(3)以被代理人本人名义为法律行为(4)直接对被代理人发生效力，由被代理人承受该行为的一切法律后果，包括权利、义务、费用、损害赔偿等3、被代理人授予代理人的代理权，其范围依活动内容可分为三种情况(1)专就某项事务代理法律行为，称一次委托(2)在一定时期内代理同类的法律行为，称特别委托(3)在一定时期内就某项事务及于此事务有关的一系列活动代理法律行为，称总委托。

国际货代英语完整讲义Unit9MarineBillsofLading

国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 9 Marine Bills of Lading一、 General concept of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的一般概念 (考试重点)1-1 课文：Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea.注释：marine bills of lading: 海运提单 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地international sales of goods: 国际货物的销售 carriage: 运输课文意思：海运提单主要用于国际货物销售的海上运输中。

1-2 课文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. Broadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on board a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship.(海运提单的定义，掌握)注释：definition: 定义 vary from: 不同 broadly: 宽广地，广泛, 总体而言on board: 在船上 stating: 陈述，申明课文意思：每个国家对于提单的定义各有不同。

总体而言，提单是货物装船的收据;它由达成货物运输协议的承运人签字，上有货物送到船上及被船方接收的条款。

2012年货运代理考试海运货代辅导讲义(第三章)

第一节班轮运输概述【提示：本节内容历年考试真题很少涉及到，属于简单了解的部分。

重点把相应的课后练习题做好就可以。

】一、班轮运输主要关系人1、班轮公司自己拥有或者自己经营船舶，班轮公司应拥有自己的船期表、运价本、提单或其他运输单据。

也称为远洋公共承运人2、船舶代理人船舶运输辅助性企业，服务对象有船舶所有人、船舶经营人或者船舶承租人等3、无船承运人是以承运人身份接受托运人的货载，签发自己的提单或者其他运输单证，向托运人收取运费，通过班轮运输公司完成国家海上货物运输，承担承运人责任，并根据法律规定设立的提供国际海上货物运输服务的企业。

注意!无船承运人可以与班轮公司订立协议运价以从中获得利益。

无船承运人不能从班轮公司那里获得佣金。

4、海上货运代理人接受货主的委托，代表货主的利益，为货主办理海上运输相关事宜注意!国际海上货运代理人通常无法与班轮公司签订协议运价。

货代可从货主那里获得代理服务报酬，另外还可以从班轮公司那里获得奖励(即佣金)。

5、托运人可以与承运人订立协议运价。

二、船期表班轮船期表的主要内容包括：航线、船名、航次编号、始发港、中途港、终点港的港名，到达时间(ETA)和驶离各港(ETD)的时间，其他有关的注意事项等。

P66 典型班轮船期表第二节班轮货运程序【提示：本节内容大纲要求是“熟悉”，从历年考试真题来看，重点还是以班轮运输的特点作为重点来记忆。

】★班轮运输的特点有哪些?(简答题)：(P67 第二自然段)1、班轮运输最基本的特点是“四固定”：固定航线、固定港口、固定船期和相对固定的运价。

2、承运人和货主之间在货物装船之前通常不签订书面运输合同，双方的义务和责任豁免通常以承运人签发的提单背面条款为依据并受国际公约的制约。

3、承运人对货物的责任期间是从货物装上船起至货物卸下船止。

4、承运人负责装卸和理舱作业及全部费用，且不计算滞期费和速遣费。

【08】80. 班轮运输也称定期船运输，是指班轮公司将船舶按事先制定的船期表在特定航线的各挂靠港口之间，经常地为特定的众多货主提供规则的、反复的货物运输服务，并按运价本或协议运价的规定计收运费的一种营运方式。

2012年货运代理考试英语辅导讲义(第二章)

重点掌握货运代理人分别代表发货人和收货人所要做的工作。

2-1 课文：Unless the consignor, the person sending goods, or the consignee, t he person receiving the goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and docu mentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.核心句子：Unless the consignor or consignee wants to attend to...himself, it is t he freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods...注释：consignor: 发货人consignee: 收货人attend to: 关注= pay attention toprocedural and documentary formalities: 程序和单证上的手续undertake to do sth. 承担去做某事，承诺做某事process: 在这里为动词，处理，处置involve: 包含，含有，涉及movement: 移动，动向( 在这里引申为“运输”)这句话大致意思是：如果发货人或者收货人不想亲自去办理那些繁琐的手续的话，货运代理人将代表他们去处理货物运输中所涉及的各个步骤。

2-2 课文：The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through sub-contractors or other agencies employed by him.核心句子：The freight forwarder provide these services...这句话的大致意思是：货运代理人可以直接或者通过次承包商或者另外雇用代理来提供这些服务。

2012年货运代理考试海运货代辅导讲义(第二章)

第一节集装箱运输概况【提示：本节内容历年考试真题很少涉及到，属于简单了解的部分。

重点把相应的课后练习题做好就可以。

】一、集装箱运输的优越性(了解)1、提高装卸效率，减轻劳动强度2、减少货损货差，提高货运安全质量3、缩短货物在途时间，加快车船周转4、节省货物运输包装，简化理货手续5、提高运输效率，节省货物运输费用6、全球普遍采用，推动包装标准化7、统一运输标准，促进综合运输发展二、集装箱运输的发展(了解)主要涉及集装箱、集装箱船、集装箱港口等几个方面的发展1、集装箱发展趋势(1)集装箱标准的发展(2)集装箱箱体大型化的趋势(3)集装箱的保有量的快速增长(4)特种箱箱型比例有明显增加2、集装箱货物与运输技术环境的发展(1)集装箱运输量继续增长(2)集装箱船舶的大型化(3)集装箱码头的深水化、大型化和高效化(4)干支线网络的形成(5)集装箱运输组织方式的变化(6)集装箱运输与信息化的结合(7)内陆集装箱运输系统的进步第二节集装箱【提示：本节内容大纲要求是“掌握”，从历年考试真题考试来看一般这部分都会涉及2道小题，重点在集装箱标准化和集装箱类型这两部分】一、定义与标准化1、集装箱的定义集装箱是一种运输设备，分为S.O.C(货主箱)和C.O.C(承运人箱)。

备注：货主箱一般没有箱号。

集装箱应具有如下条件：(了解)(1)具有耐久性，其坚固强度足以反复使用(2)便于商品运送而专门设计得，在一种或多种运输方式中运输无须中途换装(3)设有便于装卸和搬运，特别是便于从一种运输方式转移到另一种运输方式的装置(4)设计时应注意到便于货物装满或卸空(5)内容积为1立方米或1立方米以上【08】22. 国际海上集装箱班轮运输实践中可能使用“货主箱”(SOC)，该类箱在海上运输过程中灭失或者损坏时，可以认为它是一种( )。

BA. 货物的包装B. 运输设备C. 运输工具D. 货物2、集装箱标准化(掌握)为了便于计算集装箱的数量，一般以20英尺的集装箱作为换算标准箱(简称TEU，TWE NTY-FOOT EQUIVALENT UNIT)。

货代英语(2012)

货代英语真题解析（2012年）
2012年货代英语真题解析
一、单选题
1. Which of the following risk is not the political risk in
international trade?
A. war risk
B. cancellation of import license
C. carrier
承运人
D. notify party 通知人
答案：B
2012年货代英语真题解析
9. ( ) are rates that are applicable to named types of freight. A. Specific Commodity Rates 指定商品运价 B. Class Rates 等级货物运价 C. General Cargo Rates 普通货物运价 D. Contract FAK Rates 全包价
航次租船
C. NYPE form 纽约土产格式定期租船
D. BALTIME form
答案：A
2012年货代英语真题解析
11. To the individual consignors, the consolidator 集拼经营人is the ( ) while to the actual carrier, he is the ( )
答案：A P33
2012年货代英语真题解析
3. Which of the following documents can be used to exchange for the bill of lading ( ) A. mate’s receipt 大副收据 B. sea waybill 海运单 C. shipping notes 托运单 D. manifest 载货清单

2012年全国国际货运代理考试《货代英语》试卷及答案

一、单项选择题1. Which of the following risk is not the political risk in international trade?A. war riskB. cancellation of import licenseC. transfer riskD. risk of non-acceptance答案：D2. According UCP600, the terms “the end of July, 2008” in t he L/C shall be construed as ( )A. from July 21st to July 31stB. from July 1st to July 15thC. from July 11th to July 20thD. from July 1st to July 10th答案：A3. Which of the following documents can be used to exchange for the bill of lading ()A. mate’s receiptB. sea waybillC. shipping notesD. manifest答案：A4. Both in voyage and time chartering, the shipowner is responsible for ( ).A. dischargingB. fuelC. demurrageD. wages of crew答案：D5. Which of the following risks are not covered in FPA ( )A. lightningB. partial lossC. general averageD. discharging at a port of distress following a sea peril答案：B6. The B/L can be issued by ( )A. consignorB. notify partyC. carrierD. consignee答案：C7. Which of the following marine bills of lading cannot be transferred to third parties? ( )A. Order Bills of LadingB. Straight Bills of LadingC. Shipped Bills of LadingD. Clean Bills of Lading答案：B8. Usually, the AWB is non-negotiable, the goods must be sent to the ( ) titled in the air waybill.A. consignorB. consigneeC. carrierD. notify party答案：B9. ( ) are rates that are applicable to named types of freight.A. Specific Commodity RatesB. Class RatesC. General Cargo RatesD. Contract FAK Rates答案：A10. ( ) is one standard form of bareboat charter party used to any great extent designed by BIMCO.A. BARECOM formB. GENCON formC. NYPE formD. BALTIME form答案：A11. To the individual consignors, the consolidator is the ( ) while to the actual carrier, he is the ( )A. consignor/carrierB. carrier/consignorC. actual carrier/carrierD. consignor/actual consignor答案：B12. Which of the following documents is a document of title to the goods and can be sold merely by endorsement? ( )A. Bills of LadingB. Air WaybillC. InvoiceD. Packing List答案：A13. Usually the freight must be opened and inspected, if the consignee is not on-site, the ( ) can represent him.A. reservations agentB. customs brokerC. shipping clerkD. carrier答案：B14. Under UCP600, The regulations regarding multi-modal transport documentsmay be described in Articles ( )A. 4~8B. 17~28C. 29~37D. 1~3答案：B15. ( ) is a system of unitized multimodal land transportation of transport by road and rail.A. Land bridgeB. Rail/roadC. PiggybackD. Sea/air答案：C二、判断题1. In international trade, a country can import goods that make intensive use of the factor of production, instead of importing the factor of production. ( ) 答案：正确2. Inherent vice or nature of the insured goods are not covered both in WA and All Risks coverage.( )答案：正确3. The date marked on the B/L is the date on which the carrier takes delivery of the goods. ( )答案：错4. The air freight charges may be determined either by weight or weight plus volume. ( )答案：正确5. According UCP600, the words “till”, “after”, “from” applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned. ( )答案：错6. Tramp service is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. The vessels are usually chartered at negotiated rates, particularly when the quantity of cargo is large.( )答案：错7. The air waybill is the document of title for the goods and can be transferred to the third party by endorsement.( )答案：错8. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination under FOB trade term. ( )答案：错9. The V oyage chartering party includes the payment of dispatch and demurrage. ( )答案：正确10. The standard for examination of documents by the banks is reasonable timenot exceeding 7 banking days.( )答案：错11. “unclean on board” is indicated on the B/L means that the goods is not clean.答案：错12. The figure like 11/7/2008 in British English will be understood as July 11, 2008, while in American English will be understood as November 7, 2008. ( ) 答案：正确13. If the goods are in order, but the documents are not correct, the issuing bank has the rights to refuse to pay the seller. ( )答案：正确14. The written permission granted by the customs authorities to allow the vessel which has brought any imports or has loaded exports to leave the port is Entry Inwards. ( )答案：错15. The Specific Commodity Rates are higher than General Cargo Rates. ( )答案：错三、多项选择题1. A shipment of fresh egg is transported to the docks by an exporter on an FOB contract. The eggs are broken by a crane falling them as they are awaiting to be loaded on board. The ___ should be liable for the damage. (A)A. sellerB. buyerC. ship ownerD. freight forwarder2. 100 sewing machines under CIF shanghai are being shipped onto the ship and the rope breaks. The goods finish up at the bottom of the dock and divers are sent down. The recovery and repair of goods costs a great of money. The ___ should be responsible for the damage. (C)A. ship ownerB. buyerC. sellerD. freight forwarder3. According to INCOTERMS 2000, which group of the following trade terms mean that the seller must contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port (or place ) of destination?____ (D)A. FOB/CFR/CIFB. FCA/CPT/CFRC. FOB/FCA/CIPD. CFR/CPT/CIF4. Under the FOB term, the risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when goods pass the ship’s rail in the ____. (A)A. port of shipmentB. place of shipmentC. port of destinationD. place of destination5. Under the CFR term, the seller must, in addition, pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the ____ , when he delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him. (D)A. named placeB. named destinationC. any placeD. named port of destination6. According to INCOTERMS 2000, under which group of the following trade terms is the seller required to bear the risk of loss of or damage to the goods when the goods pass the ship’s rail ?(C)A. FCA/CFR/CIPB. FCA/CPT/CFRC. FOB/CFR/CIFD. CFR/CPT/CIF7. When applying to CIF, the expression of ocean bill of lading freight is ____.(A)A. freight prepaidB. freight collectC. freight paidD. freight unpaid8. Which of the following trade terms can be adopted supposing the shipment will be from Chengdu (Sichuan Province) to Hamburg? (CD)A. CIFB. CFRC. FCAD. CPT9. When the goods arrive at the port of destination, _____ issue an Arrival Notice to inform the Notify Party about the cargo discharge point and other information. (B)A. shipperB. carrierC. receiverD. ship owner10. Under FCA, if delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, who is responsible for unloading the goods according to the contract of sale____. (B)A. sellerB. buyerC. carrierD. freight forwarder11. Container freight rates mainly include: ()A. tramp rateB. liner freight rateC. FAKD. CBR答案：CD12. Logistics is the process of ( ) from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.A. inventoryB. goodsC. informationD. services答案：BCD13. Multimodal transport has the following advantages: ( )A. Minimizing time lossB. Providing faster transit of goodsC. Saving costsD. Reducing cost of exports.答案：ABCD14. Under CMR convention, the carrier is liability of: ( )A. the acts and omissions of his agentsB. any wrongful act or neglect of the consignorC. inherent vice of the goodsD. loss of or damage to the goods during the time he takes the goods答案：AD15. Which of the following trade terms may be used multi-modal transport.A. CIPB. CIFC. FCAD. CPT答案：ACD四、完形填空An international contract should be executed through four basic steps: pre-preparation for contract, contract negotiation, 41 and contract execution, and each steps includes detail procedures, an international seller must have good knowledge of the following steps: firstly we should seek 42 and contact the certain customers who have demands indeed. The second steps we need negotiate with customers about the price, products, service etc. In this step we should make an 43 to our customers, and the costumers will make a confirmation of 44 or non-acceptance. After all essential factors of contract are confirmed, we should sign contract with our customer. The last step is execution of contract, in this step we need arrange shipment, prepare relative shipment documents and effect insurance if any etc. Of course our customer should also make 45 by L/C or T/T according to the contract stipulations.41.A. contract performanceB. contract signingC. contract paymentD. contract shipment42.A. marketB. productC. customerD. seller43.A. inquireB. counterofferC. offerD. acceptance44.A. inquireB. acceptanceC. offerD. quotation45.A. customs clearanceB. paymentC. shipmentD. production答案：BCCBBThe latest edition of “Inconterms”is “Inconterms 2000”,which was amended in July1999 by 41 and published in January 1, 2000. The “Inconterms 2000” includes 13 different international trade terms. They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from the seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. FOB, 42 and CIF are the traditional three trade terms among them, which are most widely used in international trade. Like CIF, the 43 must pay the costs and freight and insurance necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. While the new three terms FCA, CPT and CIP developed on the basis of the traditional ones. The traditional three terms can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport and the new three terms can be used for any mode of transport especially 44 . Take CPT and CFR for example, the major difference is that CFR can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport, while CPT can be used for any mode of transport, if the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail, the 45 term is preferred.46.A. ICCB. WTOC. FIATAD. United Nation47.A. CFRB. CPTC. FCAD. CIP48.A. CarrierB. SellerC. BuyerD. Consignee49.A. sea transportB. air transportC. road transportD. muti-model transport50.A. CFRB. CPTC. FCAD. CIP答案：AABDB五、英译汉(前10道题，每题0.5分，第11道题5分，共10分)(1) Offer(2) Confirming bank(3) ICC(4) FCR(5) V oyage Charter(6) Particular average(7) Partial shipments(8) Customs broker(9) Clean bill of lading(10) Document of title(11) The WTO thus serves four basic functions: 1) to implement, administer, and carry out the WTO Agreement and its annexes; 2)to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations; 3)to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes; 4)to review the trade policies and practices of member states.答案：(1)发盘(2)保兑银行(3)国际商会(4)货运代理人收货证明书(5)航次租船(6)单独海损(7)分批装运(8)海关代理(9)清洁提单(10)物权凭证(11)世界贸易组织四个基本功能是：1)执行，管理和实施世贸组织协定及其附件;2)充当现行多边贸易谈判的论坛3)作为解决争端的法庭4)评审各成员国的贸易政策和行为六、汉译英(英文全拼，简写不得分，前10道题，每题0.5分，第11道题5分，共10分)(1)国际贸易(2)货物舱单(3)航空货运单(4)无营运船公共承运人(5)不记名背书(6)集装箱运输(7)均一运费费率(8)积载因素(9)指定商品运价(10)清关(11)除了安排提货交货、预定运货航班以及填写航空货运单等日常工作外，货运代理还要涉及如查寻丢失或错运的货物，处理赔偿损坏货物的要求等问题。

2012年货运代理考试理论与实务章节辅导讲义(一)

第一节国际货代与货运保险关系【提示：本节内容大纲的要求是“熟悉”，重点掌握保险单证的种类和保险费的计算】一、货代责任险与货运保险关系概述(一)、货代责任保险责任保险就是以被保险人对第三者依法应承担的损害赔偿责任为保险标的的保险。

(二)、货物运输保险是指以运输过程中的货物作为保险标的，保险人对保险货物在运输中发生保险责任范围内的保险事故而造成的损失承担赔偿责任的财产保险。

二者关系：实践中，发生货运事故后，货主从保险人那里得到赔偿;保险人取得了代位求偿权后，可能向右过错的货代企业追偿;货代企业则可以根据责任险由保险责任险的保险人来赔偿损失。

二、货运保险合同与保险单证(一)、货物运输保险合同保险合同是投保人与保险人约定保险权利和义务关系的协议。

(二)、保险单证保险单据的总类很多，我国常用的单证主要有保险单、保险凭证和联合凭证。

1、保险单保险单(insurance policy)，又称大保单，是一种正规的保险合同，使用最为广泛，可以转让2、保险凭证：保险凭证(insurance certificate)，又称小保单，是一种简化的保险合同。

具有与保险单相同的法律效力;但是不能作为议付单据。

3、联合凭证(combined certificate)，是一种将发票和保险单相结合的保险单据。

它是最简单的一种保险单据。

三、投保险别与保险费(一)、货物运输保险的做法1、出口货物保险的做法——出口商办理2、进口货物保险的做法——进口商办理(二)、投保险别的选择(三)、保险金额和保险费的计算1投保责任：取决于使用的贸易术语。

2、保险金额的确定：保险加成的办法，国际上习惯按CIF价值得110%投保，即保险加成率为10%!但在通货膨胀比较严重和利息率比较高时，买方也会要求提高投保加成，对此，应在合同中明确规定，如果加成部分过大，应事先征得保险公司同意。

计算公式为：保险费=保险金额×保险费率保险金额= CIF价(或CIP价格)×(1+保险加成率)例题：某出口公司按照CIF条件出口一批服装，根据交易投保平安险，已知成交金额为25000美元，保险费率为0.4%，求保险费。

墨菲物流学英文版第12版课后习题答案第9章

PART IIANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONSCHAPTER 9: FACILITY LOCATION9-1. Explain how the location decision process involves several layers of screening or focus.The initial focus is on the region, the delineation of which can vary on whether a company has a multinational or domestic focus. The next focus is more precise; it usually involves a selection of the area(s) in which the facility will be located. After this has been determined, a detailed examination of various locations within the selected area is appropriate.9-2. How have cost considerations influenced facility location decisions?Today’s cost considerations arise because many consumers are sensitized to buy products only when prices are low. This low-price/low-cost framework has caused many companies to manufacture in countries characterized by plentiful and low-cost labor. In recent years, some organizations are reexamining the low-cost paradigm because low-cost countries often cause longer order cycles due to being long distances from consumer markets. In addition, some low-cost labor countries, such as China, are no longer considered sources of low-cost labor. Some companies are moving production from previously low-cost countries to currently low-cost countries while some have adopted nearsourcing, in which companies reconfigure their logistics networks to bring some production facilities closer to key consumer markets.9-3. In what way is the location of customer markets a strategic consideration in facility location?Improvements in transportation and technology have allowed consumers to migrate relatively easily from one region or country to another and this migration requires a change in distribution patterns—hence, facility location. Economic growth is another variable that influences the location of customer markets in the sense that organizations sometimes expand their geographic scope to serve new customers. Sustainability is another strategic consideration; a key sustainability issue involves the sourcing of products, and an emerging trend involves companies that purchase locally grown or produced foods.9-4. Discuss the factors that influence the number of facilities that a firm chooses to operate.Rather than asking, “Where should a new facility be located?” organizat ions should be thinking about the optimal number of facilities in the system. The need for additional facilities often arises when an organization’s service performance from existing facilities drops below “acceptable” levels. Most analytical procedures for determining the numberof facilities are computerized because of the vast number of permutations involved, as well as the complementary relationships between current facilities in a distribution network.9-5. How does a raw material’s status as pure, we ight-losing, or weight-gaining influence the facility location decision?A pure raw material is one that loses no weight in manufacturing and, because of this, the processing point can be anywhere near the raw material source and the market. Weight-losing products lose weight during processing; the processing point should be near their source in order to avoid payment of unnecessary transportation charges. Weight-gaining products gain weight during processing; the processing point should be close to the market.9-6. Discuss how population can be viewed as both a market for goods and a source of labor.With respect to a market for goods, attributes of current and potential customers are important. Things such as changes in population size as well as changes in population characteristics are important. With respect to population characteristics, for example, longer life spans can increase the demand for health-related products, such as prescription medicines.There are myriad concerns associated with population as a source of labor, including the size of the workforce, the unemployment rate, the age profile, its skills and education, prevailing wage rates, and union status.9-7. What are maquiladoras? Why do maquiladoras continue to be popular? Maquiladoras are facilities that are located just south of the U.S.–Mexican border. These plants allow for low-cost, duty-free production so long as all the goods are exported from Mexico. Maquiladoras continue to be popular in part because of the narrowing of the wage gap between Mexico and China in recent years. In addition, Mexican maquiladoras can deliver orders to U.S. customers within a week—compared to upwards of four weeks if goods were manufactured in China.9-8. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to locating manufacturing, assembly, or distribution facilities in countries with relatively low wages.Labor wage rates appear to be a key locational determinant as supply chains become more global in nature. Although absolute wage comparisons are important, relative comparisons can be quite insightful. For example, at prevailing wage rates, a company could have approximately similar compensation costs by hiring six Mexican workers or one U.S. worker.One possible disadvantage is that there are sometimes limits on the number of supervisory personnel that can be brought in from outside the country. There may also be regulations that specify that nationals be trained for and employed in supervisory posts. Countries with low labor costs may also have a number of sweatshops, which can be viewed as organizations that exploit workers and that do not comply with fiscal and legal obligations toward employees.9-9. What are right-to-work laws? How do they influence locational decisions?Right-to-work laws refer to situations in which an individual cannot be compelled to join a union as a condition of employment. Right-to-work laws tend to make particular locations more attractive to potential employers.9-10. What are expatriate workers? What challenges do they face?Expatriate workers are those employees who are sent to other countries to work for extended periods of time. One challenge is that expatriate assignments can be costly, ranging up to $1 million per assignment, and turnover rates currently run between 20 and 40 percent. Much of this turnover tends to be caused by socialization, rather than technical factors; indeed, a leading cause of expatriate turnover involves health-related issues of family members that cannot be addressed in the country of assignment.9-11. How can taxes and incentives impact facility location decisions?Inventory taxes, which are often based on the value of inventory that is held on a particular date, can inhibit facility investment as well as discourage facility expansion within a state that levies inventory taxes. Governments may offer incentive packages as an inducement for firms to locate in a particular area, and in early 2016, the state of Massachusetts provided General Electric with approximately $145 million in incentives to move its corporate headquarters to Boston.9-12. How do transportation considerations influence facility location decisions? Transportation considerations in the form of transportation availability and costs are a key aspect of facility location decisions because transportation decisions represent such a large portion of total logistics costs. Transportation availability refers to the number of transportation modes as well as the number of carriers within each mode that could serve a proposed facility. The evaluation of transportation availability is likely to depend on the type of facility (e.g., manufacturing plant versus distribution center) that is being considered. The existence of transportation competition tends to have both cost and service benefits for potential users; limited competition generally leads to higher transportation costs and means that users have to accept whatever service they receive. Moreover, with respect to transportation costs, centrally located facilities tend to minimize the total transit distances, which likely results in minimum transportation costs.9-13. What are industry clusters, and what are some of their potential advantages? Industry clusters refer to the net advantage which can be gained by a sharing of common locations by various enterprises. Silicon Valley is a well-known industry cluster of high technology firms. With respect to advantages, the relative proximity of manufacturers in a particular cluster could allow for capacity pooling in the sense that a manufacturer with excess capacity could produce goods for a manufacturer with an excess of orders. From a transportation perspective, industry clusters could allow for faster and more consistent delivery as well as lower outbound and inbound transportation costs.9-14. Discuss how multicountry trade agreements have influenced the location of production or distribution facilities.The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has seen Mexico become the third largest trading partner for the United States. NAFTA has resulted in increased north–south movement of product among the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and the Interstate 35 corridor has become a hotbed for distribution activity.The virtual elimination of trade barriers among members of the European Union (EU) has allowed many companies to reduce the number of relevant distribution facilities. When the EU consisted of 15 countries, the Benelux countries were a favored location for distribution facilities. However, since the EU’s expansion into Central and Eastern European countries, Poland and the Czech Republic have become favored distribution sites because of their relatively central geographic location.9-15. Explain why quality-of-life issues should be considered in the facility location decision.For one, employees who are able to live a reasonable lifestyle tend to be happier and more loyal; happy and loyal employees are less likely to leave their jobs and less likely to offend prospective customers. Second, because many organizations now compete nationally and internationally for talent, less-than-desirable geographic locations might hinder the recruiting process. The quality of life in a region impacts both employee retention and the ability to attract employees.9-16. Beyond the general factors discussed in this chapter, what additional considerations are important when a firm is thinking of locating a facility (facilities) in other countries? The considerations include the relevant legal system, political stability, bureaucratic red tape, corruption, protectionism, nationalism, privatization, expropriation (confiscation), and treaties and trade agreements.9-17. Briefly describe specialized, or site-specific, considerations that should be taken into account in the facility location decision.One consideration is that land may be zoned, which means that there are limits on how the land is used. Union locals have areas of jurisdiction, and a firm’s labor relations manager may have distinct preferences regarding the locals with which he or she is willing to deal. Other issues include a title search, to make sure that a particular parcel of land can be sold and that are no liens against it. Environmental regulations may require that due diligence be carried out with respect to who previously owned a particular site and how it was used. Another specialized characteristic involves the weather, and location decisions can be influenced by the potential for tornadoes, floods, and hurricanes, among others.9-18. What is a free trade zone? What functions might be performed in it?Free trade zones refer to highly specialized sites where nondomestic merchandise may be stored, exhibited, processed, or used in manufacturing operations without being subjected to duties and quotas until the goods or their products enter the customs territory of the zone country.9-19. Discuss advantages and disadvantages to grid systems, such as the center-of-gravity and weighted center-of-gravity approaches.As a general rule, grid systems can be used for locating a single facility so that the distance to existing facilities is minimized—and by extension, transportation costs are minimized as well. In addition, grid systems are relatively simple to apply, and calculations can be done relatively quickly. However, the relative simplicity means that adjustments have to be made to take into account real-world considerations such as taxes, wage rates in particular locations, volume discounts, the cost and quality of transport services, and the fact that transport rates taper with increased distances.9-20. Distinguish between facility relocation and facility closing. How should companies deal with their human resources (workers) in both situations?Facility relocation occurs when a firm decides that it can no longer continue operations in its present facility and must move operations to another facility in order to better serve suppliers and customers. Facility closing, by contrast, occurs when a company decides to discontinue operations at a current site because the operations may no longer be neededor can be absorbed by other facilities.Regardless of whether the issue is relocation or closing, current employees should be kept informed—by their employer—about relevant issues. Information from other sources could cause confusion, anger, and lower morale which could easily offset the productivity of the existing facility. Additional information is generally required for facility closings, in the sense that the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act mandates that employers give 60 days notice about closings and mass layoffs.PART IIICASE SOLUTIONSCASE 9-1: ALL-INDIAN LOGISTICS SERVICESNote: Because this case requires extensive research and information may be difficult to come by, one suggestion is to assign individual questions to groups of students.One of the first things to establish is the approximate distance between Lucknow and Mumbai (approximately 850 miles) as well as between Patna and Mumbai (approximately 1,100 miles).Question 1: With respect to the natural resources needed to make wickable shirts, is Patna or Lucknow the preferred location? Why?It does not appear that either Patna or Lucknow has an advantage with respect to the natural resources needed to make wickable shirts.Question 2: With respect to transportation considerations, is Patna or Lucknow the preferred location? Why?As of 2016, a highway trip between Lucknow and Mumbai is estimated to take 22 hours whereas a highway trip between Patna and Mumbai is estimated to take 30 hours. In addition, Lucknow appears to offer superior rail service to Mumbai in comparison to Patna. Although both cities offer nonstop air service to Mumbai, multiple carriers offer nonstop flights between Lucknow and Mumbai, compared to only one airline providing nonstop flights between Patna and Mumbai. These data suggest that Lucknow would be the preferred location.Question 3: With respect to labor characteristics, is Patna or Lucknow the preferred location? Why?As of 2016, a common minimum wage for skilled labor in Patna was approximately 250 rupees per day, compared to approximately 295 rupees per day in Lucknow. Moreover, Patna has a higher unemployment rate, particularly among women, than does Lucknow. These data suggest that Patna would be the preferred location.Question 4: With respect to quality-of-life considerations, is Patna or Lucknow the preferred location? Why?As of 2016, the cost of living is similar in Patna and Lucknow, and both cities are home to a number of colleges and universities. Patna has much higher levels of reported crime than Lucknow. Indian census data also indicate that the male-to-female ratio is more unbalanced in Patna (885 females for every 1,000 males) than Lucknow (915 females for every 1,000 males), which might indicate that Patna is less hospitable and uninviting to females. This information suggests that Lucknow would be the preferred location.Question 5: Should AILS recommend that the manufacturing plant be located in Patna or Lucknow? Why?Based on the responses to Questions 1–4, Lucknow appears to be preferable to Patna. Question 6: Would you answer to Question 5 change if the shirts are exported through the Port of Kolkata? Why or why not?The distance from Lucknow to Kolkata is approximately 615 miles, and the corresponding highway trip is estimated to take 17 hours. The distance from Patna to Kolkata is approximately 360 miles, and the corresponding highway trip is estimated to take 11 hours. Both Patna and Lucknow offer direct rail service to Kolkata, and both cities also offer nonstop flights to Kolkata. Moreover, both Kolkata and Patna have fixed (as opposed to floating) terminals on India’s National Waterway 1. Due to improved transportation metrics, Patna appears to be a viable option for a manufacturing plant if the shirts are exported through the Port of Kolkata.Question 7: Suppose that AAA decides to nearsource production to Latin America. Keeping in mind the key stipulation presented in the case, where might AAA locate its production plant in Latin America? Why?As of 2016, there are approximately 40 Latin American cities that meet the population stipulation presented in the case. Two of these, Juarez and Tijuana, are Mexican cities located in close proximity to the United States. Juarez, located just south of El Paso, Texas, provides four separate points of entry into the United States and is centrally located relative to Tijuana, which is just south of San Diego, California. It should be noted that Juarez has experienced high levels of crime and violence in recent years.。

2012年货运代理考试英语辅导讲义(第五章)

一、Principles of Marine Cargo Insurance 海上货物保险的原则(考试重点)1-1 课文：The marine cargo insurance is based on the principles of insurable interest, utmost good faith, and indemnity.注释：be based on: 基于principle: 原则insurable interest: 保险利益(interest: 一般意义是“兴趣，爱好”，在这里是“利益,权益”之意，在银行业务中我们常用“利息”这个词意) utmost good faith: 最大(高)诚信(utmost: 最大的，最高的;faith: 信任，信用，good fait h: 真诚，善意) indemnity: 赔偿，补偿这句话的大致意思是：海上货物保险是基于保险利益的原则, 最大诚信原则和赔偿原则1-2 课文：No contract of marine insurance is valid unless the assured has an i nsurable interest in the subject matter insured at the time of loss.注释：(the)assured: 确定的，保证的(在这里引申为“被保险人”)subject matter insure d: 保险标的at the time of : 在...时候这句话的大致意思是：只有在被保险人的保险标的有损失时，海运保险合同才会生效。

1-3 课文：Cargo Insurance is a contract of indemnity, that is, to compensate for the loss of damage in terms of the value of the insured goods.注释：that is：即，就是，换句话说compensate: 赔偿，补偿in terms of : 按照，根据，在...方面value: 价值这句话大致的意思是：货物保险是一种补偿合同，即按照被保险货物的价值对它的损失进行赔偿。

货运代理考试《货代英语》课后习题及答案一

三、英汉互译：
1)transit country 2) trade terms 3) general cargo 4) special cargoes 5) the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt 6) the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport 7) trade contract 8) relevant documents 9) take delivery of the goods 10) mode of transport
分析：B和C都是属于货运代理人代表出口商的职责。
二、判断题
1.When freight forwarder pack the goods on behalf of exporter, should take into account the quality of goods.( )
答案：错
2.If necessary, the freight forwarder should pay the fees and other charges including freight for exporter.( )
2012年货运代理考试《货代英语》课后习题及答案一
一、不定向选择题(答案可能只有一个，或者多个)
1.A consignor refers to the person who goods.
A.receives
B.attends to
C.sends D.takes delivery of
答案：C
2.It is usually the who issues relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc.

自考《英语二》2012年出版最新讲义第九章

自考《英语二》2012年出版最新讲义第九章Unit 9 Facing Life's ChallengesA FAMOUS QUOTEThe only thing we have to fear is fear itself.—— Franklin Delano Roosevelt我们唯一要恐惧的就是恐惧本身。

——富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福Text A 300 HurdlesNew Wordshurdle n.①hurdles [pl.] a race in which runners or horses have to jump over hurdles 跨栏赛②each of a series of ve rtical frames that a person or horse jumps over in a race 栏架；跨栏③a problem or difficulty that must be solved or dealt with before you can achieve something 难关；障碍negativen.a word or statement that means "no"; a refusal or denial 否定词；否定；拒绝adj.bad or harmful 坏的；有害的despair v.to stop having any hope that a situation will change or improve 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心petty adj.small and unimportant 小的；琐碎的；次要的individual adj.connected with one person; designed for one person 一个人的；供一个人用的lane n. a narrow marked section of a track or a swimming pool that is used by one person taking part in a race （比赛的）跑道，泳道spot n.a particular area or place 地点；场所；处所symbolize v.to be a symbol of something 象征；是…的象征；代表incredibly adv.extremely 极端地；极其positive adj.good or useful 良好的；正面的tough adj.having or causing problems or difficulties 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的arise v.（especially of a problem or a difficult situation）to happen；to start to exist 发生；产生；出现lost adj.unable to deal successfully with a particular situation 不知所措的；一筹莫展的leap v.to jump high or a long way跳跃yard n. a unit for measuring length, equal to 3 feet（36 inches）or 0.9144 of a metre 码inch n.a unit for measuring length, equal to 2.54 centimetres.There are 12 inches in a foot.英寸cinch n.something that is very easy 很容易的事；小菜Phrases and Expressionsline up to stand in a line or row; to form a queue/line 排成一行；站队；排队（等候）end up to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend or expect to be in 最终成为；最后处于keep up with to move, make progress or increase at the same rate as somebody/something （与…）齐步前进；并驾齐驱；跟上pace oneself to find the right speed or rhythm for your work or an activity so that you have enough energy to do what you have to do 调整自己的工作（或活动）节奏fit in to live, work, etc.in an easy and natural way with somebody/something（与…）合得来；适应get over to deal with or gain control of something解决；克服；控制wear out to make yourself/somebody feel very tired 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦with ease with no difficulty 轻而易举地make it to be successful in your career 获得成功fall over to hit your foot against something when you are walking and fall, or almost fall 被…绊倒；几乎被…绊倒get lost to be unable to deal successfully with a particular situation 不知所措；一筹莫展look back on to think about something in your past 回首（往事）；回忆；回顾inch by inch very slowly and with great care or difficulty 缓慢而谨慎地；一步一步at a time separately or in groups of two, three, etc.on each occasion 每次；逐一；依次重点词汇hurdle①hurdles [pl.] a race in which runners or horses have to jump over hurdles 跨栏赛②each of a series of vertical frames that a person or horse jumps over in a race 栏架；跨栏③a problem or difficulty that must be solved or dealt with before you can achieve something 难关；障碍eg: He won the 400 metres hurdles.他在400米跨栏赛中获胜。

2012年货运代理考试英语辅导讲义(第六章)

一、Transport Geography 运输地理1-1课文：An international freight forwarder should be familiar with international t rade routes.注释：be familiar with: 熟悉... trade routes: 贸易线路课文意思：国际货运代理应熟悉国际贸易线路。

1-2 课文：He or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes, location of ports, trans-shipment points and inland centers.注释：knowledge: 知识(have knowledge of: 具备...知识，可以引申为“了解，熟悉”traffic routes: 运输线路location: 位置trans-shipment points: 转运地inland centers: 内陆中心课文大致意思：他(她)应该熟悉主要的交通线路，港口的位置，转运地和内陆中心。

1-3 课文：A freight forwarder should also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends.注释：idea: 概念，注意，明白pattern: 型式，模式trend: 走向，方向，趋势，倾向课文意思: 一个货运代理人还应该对国际贸易的模式和其改变的趋势有一个整体的概念。

二、Different Types of shipping services 不同类型的海上运输服务(考试重点)2-1 课文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.注释：namely: 即，就是，换句话说(=that is) conference lines: 班轮公会运输non-conference lines: 非班轮公会运输non-vessel operation common carriers: 无营运船公共承运人tramp service: 不定期船运输(tramp: 在这里是指的“不定期航行”) 课文意思：国际海上运输市场提供了四种类型的服务，即班轮公会运输，非班轮公会运输，无营运船公共承运人和不定期船运输2-2 Conference Lines 班轮公会运输2-2.1课文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tar iff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班轮公会的定义，了解一下)注释：shipping conference:班轮公会group: 团体，集团shipping lines: 班轮运输operating: 运行的，操作的particular: 特殊的，特定的under agreement: 按照协议的，在这里引申为“预定的”scheduled: 按船期表的tariff:费率表，运费表(我们最常用的词义是“关税”) fixed:固定的itinerary:路线，旅行计划ports of call: 挂靠港，停靠港课文意思：班轮公会是按预定的船期表在特定的航线上从事营运的班轮公司的组织，具有共同的费率表、固定的挂靠港。