【备考2020】福建省厦门市中考英语总复习题型四阅读理解真题剖析

题型四阅读理解
福建真题剖析
类型一选择型阅读理解
第一节阅读下面A、B、C、D四篇短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

A
My interest in cooking started when I was 11, partly thanks to my mother. She
didn't really like cooking and when she did cook, I didn't like her food. Once I was watching something about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to
the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find.
During a year, I had produced most of its recipes(食谱) and was ready for a
bigger challenge(挑战). I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for
more people than just my family. To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking to test my dishes in it and my skill improved quickly.
Later, my mom and I set up a dinner club that organized monthly events inside my
home. Now as a teen chef(主厨), I have also cooked in top­class restaurants around
the country. I am not doing it for the money, but because I love cooking.
Now I know that when you stop caring whether you'll be famous or do well, your
dream will come to you.
46．The writer is now ．
A．a TV star
B．a news reporter
C．a well­known bookseller
D．a good chef
47．What made the writer begin to cook?
A．His parents' wish.
B．The customers' advice.
C．His mother's delicious food.
D．The information about cooking on TV.
48．After producing most of the recipes in the cookbook, the writer wanted
to ．
A．take cooking lessons
B．write his cookbook
C．make new dishes of his own
D．open a restaurant
49．The underlined word “it” in Parag raph 2 refers to(指代)“”．
A．the bookstore
B．a test kitchen
C．a dinner club
D．the country
50．What is important for the writer?
A．Finding a good job.
B．Making lots of money.
C．Doing what he loves.
D．Becoming famous.
【答案及解析】
46．D 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Now a s a teen chef (主厨), I have also cooked in top­class restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for the money，but because I love cooking.”可知，现在作为一名青少年厨师，作者也在全国顶级餐馆里做过饭，但是作者不是为了钱而做，而是因为喜欢烹饪。

因此作者现在应是一名好厨师，故选D。

47．D 细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Once I was watching som ething about cooking on TV and I thought I could do this, so I went to the bookstore and looked for the biggest cookbook I could find.”可知，有一次，作者正在看电视上的烹饪，作者认为他也能做到这一点，所以他去书店寻找他能找到的最大的烹饪书。

因此作者应是通过看电视才开始烹饪的，故选D。

48．C 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“During a year, I had produc ed most of its recipes(食谱)and was ready for a bigger challenge(挑战). I wanted to create my own dishes and I started cooking for more people than just my family.”可知，在一年的时间里，作者制作了大部分的食谱，并准备迎接更大的挑战，他想自己做菜，也开始为更多的人做饭，而不仅仅是他的家人。

因此作者在试过烹饪书中大部分的食谱之后，想要自己制作新的菜肴。

故选C。

49．B 词义猜测题。

根据前一句“To my joy, my parents allowed me to build a test kitchen. I did much cooking to test my dishes in it and my skill improved quickly.”可知，令作者高兴的是，他的父母允许他建造一个测试厨房，他做了很多菜来测试，因此他的技能很快就提高了。

由此可推测，it 指的是一个试验厨房，故选B。

50．C 推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Now as a teen chef (主厨), I have also cooked in top­class restaurants around the country. I am not doing it for the money，but because I love cooking.”可知，现在作为一名青少年厨师，作者也在全国顶级餐馆里做过饭，但是作者不是为了钱而做，而是因为
喜欢烹饪。

再根据最后一段中的“Now I know that when you stop caring whether you'll be famo us or do well, your dream will come to you.”可知，现在作者知道当他不再关心他是否会出名或做得好时，他的梦想就会降临到他身上。

因此，做他喜欢做的事情很重要。

故选C。

B
Jackie is writing a summary(总结) and feedback about School Day to his teacher.
51．The text is written to ．
A．give a report
B．have School Day
C．collect opinions from visitors
D．hold a meeting with teachers
52．What were sold in Tina's group?
A．School postcards.
B．Chinese paintings.
C．Recycling bags.
D．Homemade snacks.
53．How did the visitors feel about the activities?
A．Disappointed.
B．Satisfied.
C．Worried.
D．Surprised.
54．How many students like the recycling bags according to the feedback? A．50. B．25. C．15. D．10.
55．Which of the following is TRUE about the activities?
A．Nick was the leader of Group 1.
B．Twenty­four students offered t heir feedback.
C．The postcards were cheap.
D．Student helpers who did well can get prizes.
【答案及解析】
51．A 细节理解题。

根据“Jackie is writing a summary(总
结) and feedback about School Day to his teacher.”可知，Jackie正在写关于学校生活的总结和反馈。

因此本文章是一篇报告，故选A。

52．B 细节理解题。

根据第二组里的“Chinese paintings(Leader: Tina)”可知Tina小组卖中国画，故选B。

53．B 细节理解题。

根据“Opinions from 100 students have been collected. Most students thought the activities were good. However, some students thought the prices of the school postcards were a little too high.”可知，已经收集了100名学生的意见，而大多数学生认为这些活动很好，因此他们是满意的，故选B。

54．A 细节理解题。

根据“Opinions from 100 students have been collected.”可知收集了100名学生的意见，再结合柱状图可看出recycling bags 占50%，所以50名学生喜欢收集袋子，故选A。

55．D 细节理解题。

根据“Have a meeting with the headmaster about prizes for excellent student helpers.”可知与校长就优秀学生助手的奖金问题举行会议，因此做得好的学生助手可以得到奖品，故选D。

C
Birth order—does it matter? Are you different because you are the first, second,
or third child in your family—or maybe the last of nine?
A study found that first­borns have an average(平均的)IQ that is three points
higher than people who fall into a different place in the birth order, perhaps because first­borns often help younger brothers and sisters, which improves their own skills.
In 2007, an international organization of CEOs found that 43% of CEOs are
first­borns, 33% are middle children, and 23% are last­borns. First­borns are more
likely(可能的) to be doctors and astronauts and get higher pay.
If first­borns are more successful, last­borns are generally more agreeable. They
are also more likely to be funny, possibly to get attention from all the bigger people at the dinner table. Mark Twain and Stephen Colbert were both the youngest in large families, and Jim Carrey was the youngest of four. According to a 2007 Time
magazine article, “The Power of B irth Order，” last­borns are more likely to be
artists and successful businessmen.
Then there are the middle children; we have not ignored(忽视) them! Many
middle children are short of one­on­one time with their parents. They often feel
short­changed: the oldest gets more rights, and the youngest is “spoiled(宠坏)．”
Though they may be ignored, middle children are more likely to grow into
easygoing adults.
Many factors(因素) make us who we are, but if the research is correct, birth order may be one of the most important factors.
56．Who is most likely to be a CEO?
A．A first­born.
B．A second­born.
C．A third­born.
D．A last­born.
57．What can we learn about Jim Carrey?
A．He was likely to be given low pay.
B．He was likely to be agreeable.
C．He was a first­born.
D．He was a middle child.
58．What does the underlined word“short­changed”in Paragraph 4 probably mean in Chinese? A．受亏待的B．受控制的C．受宠爱的D．受欢迎的
59．We can learn from the research that birth order ．
A．has no influence on IQ
B．matters a lot at the dinner table
C．may decide who we are
D．is a factor in making us powerful
60．What would be the best title for the text? A．Where Is Your Place in the Family?
B．Who Improves Your Social Skills?
C．What Makes You Successful in Life?
D．How Can You Grow into a Big Man?
【答案及解析】
56．A 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的43% of CEOs are first­borns 可知43%的CEO是家庭当中第一个出生的孩子，故答案选A。

57．B 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“If first­borns are more successful, last­borns are generally more agreeable. They are also more likely to be funny, possibly to get attention from all the bigger people at the dinner table. Mark Twain and Stephen Colbert were both the youngest in large families, and Jim Carrey was the youngest of four.”可知，如果第一批出生的人更成功，那么最后的孩子通常更容易相处，他们也更可能滑稽，可能会引起餐桌上所有年长的人的注意。

Mark Twain和Stephen Colbert 都是大家庭中最年轻的，而Jim Carrey也是四个当中最小的，因此Jim Carrey可能是最容易相处的，故答案选B。

58．A 词义猜测题。

根据后面的“ the oldest gets more rights, and the youngest is spoiled(宠坏的). Though they may be ignored, middle children are more likely to grow into easygoing adults.”可知，最大的人得到更多的权利，最年轻的人被宠坏了，虽然他们可能被忽视，但中间的孩子更容易成长为随和的成年人。

因此short­changed应该是被忽视，即被亏待的，故答案选A。

59．C 细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的Many factors(因素)make us who we are, but if the research is correct, birth order may be one of the most important factors.“可知，许多因素决定我们成为什么样的人，但如果研究正确，出生顺序可能是最重要的因素之一。

因此出生顺序可能决定我们将成为什么样的人，故答案选C。

60．A 标题归纳题。

根据文中的第一段“Birth order—does it matter? Are you different because you are the first, second, or third child in your family—or maybe the last of nine？”可知，出生顺序有关系吗？你是不是因为你是家里的第一个、第二个或第三个孩子而不同呢？或者还是九个孩子中的最后一个？再根据后面文章描述，可知本文主要讲述在家庭中的位置，故答案选A。

D
(2018·福建中考A卷)Many Chinese people will wonder what presents to get for
their moms on Mother's Day, but not many know Mother's Day is actually a festival
from overseas.
Mother's Day originated(起源) in America during the early 20th century. The festival spread to China as early as the 1980s and was widely accepted.
Why did a foreign festival become popular in China? In fact, Chinese traditional culture has always encouraged filial(孝顺的) devotion to parents. There are many stories which show filial respect in ancient China. For example, the story of “Taste Liquid(液体的) Medicine for Mother” tells us the filial virtue(美德) of Emperor Wen of the Western Han dynasty. His mother had been sick for three years. He often
stayed up by her bedside and cared for her day and night. He tasted the liquid medicine first before she drank it. Also, mother love is a repeated subject in Chinese ancient poems, like “Song of the Parting Son” by Meng Jiao, a poet of the Tang dynasty. Now this poem is still a must in the school textbooks. Children in China are brought up with the education of filial devotion.
On special days, people often use roses or forget­me­nots to express love. Carnations are considered as the perfect flowers for mothers around the world, but
few know that China has its own flower for mothers—the tiger lily.
Love for mothers can have different ways of expression. What matters most is love, not the festival itself. What mothers truly want is perhaps just a simple expression of love from their children.
61．When did Mother's Day spread to China?
A．In the 1920s.
B．In the 1980s.
C．In the Western Han dynasty.
D．In the Tang dynasty.
62．What is the poem of “Song of the Parting Son” mainly about?
A．The filial virtue of Emperor Wen.
B．Caring for the old.
C．Traditional Chinese medicine.
D．A mother's love for her son.
63．Mother's Day is popular in China mainly because of ．
A．its wide spread in many countries
B．our ancient stories of respecting parents
C．our traditional cultural values
D．its simple way of expressing love
64．What is regarded as the Chinese own flower for a mother?
65．What a mother truly wants on Mother's Day may be ．
A．a big dinner
B．a celebration party
C．greetings of the festival
D．expensive presents
【答案及解析】
61．B 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“The festival spread to China as early as the 1980s and was widely accepted.”可知被传到中国并广泛被人们所接受大约在20世纪80年代，故答案为B。

62．D 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Also, mother love is a repeated subject in Chinese ancient poems，like Song of the Parting Son'by Meng Jiao，a poet of the Ta ng Dynasty”可知，《游子吟》讲的是母亲对儿子的爱，故答案为D。

63．C 推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Why did a foreign festival become popular in China? In fact，Chinese traditional culture has always encouraged filial(子女的) devotion to parents”可推断，母亲节在中国受欢迎是因为它正好和我们传统文化中的孝道一致，故答案为C。

64．D 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“...few know that China has its own flower for mothers—the tiger lily.”可知答案为D。

65．C 细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“What mothers truly want is perhaps just a simple expression of love from their children.”可知答案为C。

(2018·福建中考B卷)Natural scenes often become the themes of poetry. Poets watch nature closely and present(呈现) its beauty in their poems. For example, poets may describe natural scenes such as a spring day or a snowy day. Besides, poets often express their feelings about nature by creating lively images(形象) in poems.
With images, poets can describe the details(细节) of something colorfully and clearly. Readers, on the other hand, can connect their own experiences with the images in the poems so that they can share the poets' ideas. Now let's read the poem “Who H as Seen the Wind？”
When we read the lines “When the leaves hang trembling” and “When the trees bow down their heads，”they remind us of a windy day. The poet successfully
creates an image of the wind by describing details of the scene. These help readers think of the moment when the wind passes by. We might even bow our own heads, imagining that we are the trees.
In the poem “Night，” Blake describes many details of a night scene. People know very well what they can see at night, like stars or the moon. However, Blake sees more than just the moon itself; he sees the moon as a flower, smiling at us from up in the sky. So the moon is really compared to a flower and personified(拟人化) as a smiling person.
61．What's the purpose of writing Paragraph 1?
A．To have an argument.
B．To have a discussion.
C．To give an introduction.
D．To give a suggestion.
62．Which picture best describes the underlined part in the poem “Who Has Seen the Wind”？
63．sits and smiles on the night in the poem “Night”．
A．The sun B．The star C．The bird D．The moon 64．What do the two poems have in common?
①Seeing natural scenes as humans.
②Using imagination.
③Praising the same natural scene.
④Describing details of the scenes.
⑤Creating images by hearing and touching.
A．①③⑤ B．②③④C．①②④ D．①②⑤
65．How does the writer present the text to us?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By using personifications.
D．By asking questions.
【答案及解析】
61．C 写作意图题。

根据第一段中的“Natural scenes often become the themes of poetry. P oets watch nature closely and present(呈现) its beauty in their poems.”可知，自然景物往往成为诗歌的主题，诗人密切注视自然，在诗歌中呈现它的美。

因此第一段主要是做一个介绍，故选C。

62．B 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“When we read the lines ‘When the leaves hang trembling’ and ‘When the trees bow down their heads，’ they remind us of a windy day”可知，当我们阅读诗句“当树叶飘动”和“当树垂下它们的头”时，它们提醒我们是刮风的一天，故选B。

63．D 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二句中的“he sees the moon as a flower, smiling at us from up in the sky”可知，他把月亮看作一朵花，从天上向我们微笑，因此在诗“夜”中月亮在晚上坐着微笑。

选D。

64．C 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“When we read the lines ‘When the leaves hang trembling' and ‘When the trees bow down their heads，' they remind us of a windy day”可知，当我们阅读诗句“当树叶飘动”和“当树垂下它们的头”时，它们提醒我们刮风的一天；再根据最后一段中的“he sees the moon as a flower, smiling at us from up in the sky”可知，他把月亮看作一朵花，从天上向我们微笑。

①以人的身份看到自然景色；②使用了想象；③称赞同一自然场景；④描述景色的细节；
⑤通过听觉和触觉创造想象。

③⑤不是两首诗的共同点，因此①②④正确，选C。

65．A 细节理解题。

A项为举例说明；B项通过比较；C项通过使用拟人D项通过提问。

作者列举了“Who Has Seen the Wind”(《谁曾见过风？》)和“Night”(《夜》)两首诗分享自然美景和作者的思想，应该是通过举例说明，选A。

类型二还原型阅读理解
第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。

E
(2018·福建中考A卷)We should not use more water than we actually need. If we
do, we will not have enough water in the future. 66 It is not a difficult question
to answer. If we remove more fresh water than nature replaces, we have taken too
much.
Many cities run campaigns(运动) to get people to stop wasting water. They show
them ways they can cut back on water use. 67 What's more, they carry out
programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people
shower heads and toilets that use less water. 68
Another threat(威胁) to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh
water get polluted, we can no longer use this water. This also endangers(危及) the
animals that depend on the water.
69 We can save lots of water by not letting taps(水龙头) run while we brush
our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water
when we're taking warm showers, we can also save water. 70 In this way, we
can make full use of water.
A．However, just how much is too much?
B．There are several things we can do to save water.
C．Finally, they make laws to control the use of water.
D．We don't have to let the cold water run until it gets warm.
E．They also increase water bills for people who use too much.
【答案及解析】
66．A 推理判断题。

联系上下文可知，此处应是谈论水资源的多少，因此A项符合题意。

67．E 推理判断题。

根据上一句“They show them ways they can cut back on water use.”可知，此处谈论的应是防止浪费水的方法，因此E项符合题意。

68．C 推理判断题。

根据上一句中的“they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water”可知，此处谈论的是节约水的具体方法，且根据上文中的“What's more”可知，空处位于本段的末尾，因此C项符合题意。

69．B 推理判断题。

根据本段的叙述可知，本段主要讲节约用水的另外一些方法，故B项符合题意。

70．D 推理判断题。

根据上一句“By collecting cold water when we're taking warm showers, we can also save water.”可知，在洗热水澡的时候收集冷水也可以节约用水，空处承接上一句，应是不要让冷水一直流，直到水变暖，故D项符合题意。

(2018·福建中考B卷)GreenHome campaigners(发起者) really love the natural
world. In fact, we love it so much that we're determined(决心) to do our best to protect it. 66 For that, we need money too. GreenHome can be strong only with
the support from people like you. 67
If the joy of walking through green forest, the excitement of climbing ancient rocks, or even the simple pleasure of watching wildlife in its own habitat(栖息地) really moves you, then share GreenHome's idea of the world. Please turn that idea
into some support today.
68 So take action right now! Even a very small amount, like $1 a month,
will soon build up into a valuable contribution(贡献) to protecting the natural world we love so much. 69 We'll also use it to develop ways to deal with
environmental problems.
Think about it another way. If you want a future where you can continue to do the things you love in the great outdoors，you need to make sure you've got a great outdoors to do them in. 70 And this way is simple enough—that's got to be
worth $1 a month.
A．Giving GreenHome your support is one way you can do that.
B．But determination alone will not protect the environment.
C．That's why we're asking you to join us today.
D．And we won't just use it to stop bad things.
E．Everything we do costs money.
【答案及解析】
66．B 推理判断题。

根据前句“In fact, we love it so much that we're determined(决心) to do our best to protect it”可知事实上，我们非常热爱它，我们决心尽最大努力保护它。

因此结合选项应该是单凭决心是不能保护环境的，故选B。

67．C 推理判断题。

根据前句“For that，we need money too. Green Home can be strong only with the support from people like you”可知，为此我们也需要钱，只有在像你这样的人的支持下，绿色家园才能茁壮成长。

结合选项，此处阐释了我们今天邀请你加入我们的原因，故选C。

68．E 推理判断题。

根据后句“So take action right now! Even a very small amount, like 1 a month...”可知，要马上行动，即使是很小的一部分，比如一个月1元，结合选项，我们所做的每件事都是要花钱的，故选E。

69．D 推理判断题。

根据后句“We'll also use it to develop ways to deal wi th environmental problems.”可知，我们还将利用它来开发处理环境问题的方法，结合选项，我们不会仅仅用它来阻止坏事，故选D。

70．A 推理判断题。

根据后句“And this way is simple enough－that's got to be worth ￥1 a month.”可知这种方法很简单，一个月就要1元。

结合选项，给予绿色家园你的支持是你能做到的一种方式，故选A。