管理信息系统课件

1. Build the technical architecture 2. Build the database and programs
Both of these activities are mostly performed by IT specialists
6-12
Phase 5: Testing
users take with little or no help from IT specialists 3. Outsourcing – a third-party organization (i.e., let someone do the work and pay them for it)
6-2
6-18
COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT
The SDLC focuses only on the project at hand Component-based development (CBD) – focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code (components) that can be reused across a variety of applications CBD focuses on
2. Perform the testing of the system
Unit testing – tests individual units of code System testing – verifies that the units of code function correctly when integrated Integration testing – verifies that separate systems work together User acceptance testing (UAT) – determines if the system satisfies the business requirements
6-3
SDLC Phases & Major Activities
6-4
SDLC as a Waterfall Methodology
6-5
Phase 1: Planning
Planning phase - create a solid plan for developing your information system Three primary planning activities:
1. Define the system to be developed
Critical success factor (CSF) - a factor simply critical to your organization’s success
2. Set the project scope 3. Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes
1. Gather the business requirements 2. Prioritize the requirements
6-8
Phase 2: Analysis
Take time during analysis to get the business requirements correct. If you find errors, fix them immediately. The cost to fix an error in the early stages of the SDLC is relatively small. In later stages, the cost is huge.
6-6
Phase 1: Planning
Sample Project Plan
6-7
Phase 2: Analysis
Analysis phase - involves end users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and document the business requirements for the proposed system Two primary analysis activities:
6-11
Phase 4: Development
Development phase - take all of your detailed design documents from the design phase and transform them into an actual system Two primary development activities:
Technical architecture - defines the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment required to run the system
6-10
Phase 3: Design
2. Design system models
INSOURCING AND THE SDLC
Systems development life cycle (SDLC) - a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems 7 distinct phases, each with well-defined activities Also called a waterfall methodology, an approach in which each phase of the SDLC is followed by another, from planning through implementation
This includes GUI screens that users will interface with, database designs (see XLM/C), report formats, software steps, etc
Starting with design, you take on less of an active participation role and act more as a “quality control” function, ensuring that the IT people are designing a system to meet your needs
Choose the right implementation method
Parallel implementation – use both the old and new system simultaneously Plunge implementation – discard the old system completely and use the new Pilot implementation – start with small groups of people on the new system and gradually add more users Phased implementation – implement the new system in phases
1. Build a help desk to support the system users
Help desk - a group of people who responds to knowledge workers’ questions
2. Provide an environment to support system changes
1. Write the test conditions
Test conditions - the detailed steps the system must perform along with the expected results of each step
6-13
Phase 5: Testing
Testing phase - verifies that the system works and meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase Two primary testing activities:
1. Using already-developed components to build systems quickly 2. Building new components as needed that can be used in all future systems
6-19
Component-Based Development Methodologies
6-9
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ Phase 3: Design
Design phase - build a technical blueprint of how the proposed system will work Two primary design activities:
1. Design the technical architecture
Chapter 6 Systems Development: Phases, Tools, and Techniques
INTRODUCTION
When developing a new system, you have 3 “who” choices…