野性的呼唤

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野性的呼唤主要内容

《野性的呼唤》主要内容：一条叫“巴克”的养尊处优的家狗，被偷卖到北方荒野之中，不得不面对一个完全不同的世界。

在极其恶劣的现实生活中，他显示出了强烈的生存欲望，并由这种欲望主宰，设法克服一切难以想象的困难，成为一只适应荒野生存规律和竞争规律的雪橇狗，最终还响应荒野的召唤，回归了自然。

《野性的呼唤》又名《荒野的呼唤》，是美国作家杰克·伦敦创作的中篇小说。

小说以狗作为主人公，在一定程度上是对“人乃万物之灵长”这一观念的挑战。

作者对人类的中心主义行为是带有批判性质的。

在现实主义这一点上，《野性的呼唤》具有更深刻的揭示作用。

生存环境的变迁，使巴克从一个文明社会的宠物变成了一个荒野深处的狼群之王，这是巴克的本性使然；同时这也是美国社会现实生活的真实写照。

人与人之间尔虞我诈，弱肉强食，适者才能生存，竞争无处不在。

该作延续了杰克·伦敦小说的“生存”主题：生命总是在不断挣扎求存的过程中获得意义与力量。

野性的呼唤 ppt课件

Major Works
Major Works
•The People of the Abyss(1903) 深渊中的人们 • The Call of the Wild(1903) 野性的呼唤 • The Sea Wolf(1904) 海狼 • White Fang(1906) 白牙 • Love of Life (1907) 热爱生命 •The Iron Heel(1908) 铁蹄 • Martin Eden(1909) 马丁.伊登 • The Valley of the Moon(1912) 月谷 • The Star Rover(1915) 星游人 • The Little Lady of the Big House(1916)大屋里的小妇人
Wolf House
特怀曼·L·托尔利在《狼的智慧》中对狼有很好的描述及概括。
狼是陆地上生物最高的食物链终结者之一，群居动物中最有秩序，纪律的族群。由于有狼的存在，其他野生动物才得以淘汰老弱残的不良族群；也因为有狼的威胁存在，其它野生动物才被迫进化得更优秀，以免被狼淘汰；也因为有狼非常强的生存能力，适应能力。
Writing Style
Writing Style
•He was fascinated by the way violence tested and refined human character. Without much stylistic and formal refinement and subtlety of characterization, London’s fiction has the unusual and intriguing power of ancient myth. Although his work can never be classed rough realism, he will always be remembered as the originator of a new type of writing called rough realism. •Forceful, and colorful; Subjectivity and enthusiasm •His characterizations were often stiff and his dialogue stereotyped. •Themes: primitive violence, Anglo-Saxon supremacy, biological evolution, class warfare, and mechanistic determinism.

野性的呼唤-the-call-of-the-wild

• Indians have attacked and killed his master. Buck attacks the Indians， mourn his master
• heads off into the wild, where he becomes the leader of a pack of wolves
在将近一年的时间中，经过市场部全体员工共同的努力，使我们公司的产品知名度在河南市场上渐渐被客户所认识，良好的售后服务加上优良的产品品质获得了客户的一致好评，也取得了宝贵的销售经验和一些成功的客户案例，个人销售工作计划书范文。这是我认为我们做的比较好的方面，但在其他方面在工作中我们做法还是存在很大的问题。特对个人销售工作计划分析如下：下面是公司 ××年总的销售情况：从上面的销售业绩上看，我们的工作做的是不好的，可以说是销售做的十分的失败。在河南市场上，×× 产品品牌众多，×× 天星由于比较早的进入河南市场，×× 产品价格混乱，这对于我们开展市场造成很大的压力。客观上的一些因素虽然存在，在工作中其他的一些做法也有很大的问题，主要表现在 1）销售工作最基本的客户访问量太少。市场部是今年四月中
recommended reason
• NO.1把狗类比作人类,成功刻画了巴克,表现了爱的理念以及适者生存的主题,可以说是自然主义、现实主义、超验主义的完美结合
• NO.2巴克形象的塑造中使人性和狗性得到了统一。巴克的人性寓于狗性之中，狗性中体现着人性。巴克是一条狗，也是人类社会中的人，作者用这种讽喻和影射的艺术手法来揭示当时美国现实社会的本质。

杰克-伦敦《野性的呼唤》主要内容是什么简介

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[野性的呼唤简介]《野性的呼唤》：《野性的呼唤》

[野性的呼唤简介]《野性的呼唤》：《野性的呼唤》篇一: 《野性的呼唤》：《野性的呼唤》-内容简要，《野性的呼唤》-作者简介杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》这本书讲述了一只名叫巴克的狗的一生：巴克是一条杂交狗，他被坏人从南方主人家偷走后卖掉，几经周折便踏上了北方淘金的道路。

它成了一只拉雪橇的狗。

残酷的驯服过程和恶劣的生存环境让它变得凶猛、狡猾。

在争夺领头犬的过程中，它运用了一切阴险的手段，并且从来未被人发现，凭借它的经验和智慧，当上了梦寐以求的领头犬。

在北方恶劣的环境下，它作为一只南方犬，并没有被环境拖垮，反而适应了环境，它懂得了该如何战斗，该如何填饱肚子，以及如何在雪地里睡觉，这足以看出巴克在不断提高自己，已在慢慢唤醒自己身体内古老的野性。

从狗到狼的演变过程，说明了埋藏在巴克内心深处的远古的性情完全释放了。

它已经不在是被人类驯服的狗，而是一只具有狗的外表的狼。

野性的召唤_《野性的呼唤》-内容简要巴克的多重性格分析富有抗争精神，适者生存的强者A：坚忍不拔的抗争精神。

养尊处优——听命棍棒法则却并未被驯服——勇猛狡诈——预知危险时宁死不屈。

B：勇猛强壮，适应能力强。

在第二章中，为躲避严寒，巴克学会了挖雪洞栖身，为填饱肚子甚至学会了偷盗。

正如作者所描述的一样，这次偷盗行为就显示了巴克适宜于在充满敌意的北国环境里活命。

这显示了他的适应性以及适应变幻无常环境的能力。

例子：巴克成功夺取了领头狗的位置后，统领的雪橇狗队屡次破记录美名远扬，成为伊哈特人谈之色变的“狗妖”，它能拉动在雪地里载有半吨重面粉的雪橇，能用四天的时间拖垮比他重近十倍的麋鹿，能穿越陌生的荒野却从不迷失方向。

“方向之准确，足以让人类人他们的指南针感到脸红。

”对新生活的向往者和渴望者巴克从阳光明媚的南方来到了冰天雪地的北方，投入了远离人类文明的原始荒原。

它很快适应了北国富于挑战性的生活并且喜欢上了那里。

书中描述它追逐雪兔的一幕写得异常精彩，充满了力量和生气。

《野性的呼唤》(节选)阅读导读示例

《野性的呼唤》（节选）阅读导读示例杨妙新【目标文本】小说［美］杰克·伦敦《野性的呼唤》（节选）烦恼，无边无际的烦恼困扰着巴克。

自从带领着它的家族逃亡到这个死寂的荒原上，它们已两天没进食了。

长长的一队走在荒原上，灰色的毛映着遍地的黄沙，寥寥的几根枯草，远远望去就像乡间黄土地上那变黑了的河流。

巴克一边走着，一边搀扶着它的妻子多莉。

五天前为了躲避人类的捕杀，在逃亡的途中，多莉踩着了人类设置的捕兽夹。

为了生存，巴克看着眼泪汪汪的妻子咬断了那只被夹的腿。

现在伤口已经开始溃烂，加上两天没进食，多莉已是奄奄一息了。

随着妻子身体的日益衰弱，巴克那散发出具有王者风范的蓝眸子也日渐淡下去。

看着妻子干裂的嘴唇在自己的视野中一张一合，毫无办法的巴克发出了痛苦的低吼声。

“扑通”，身体碰撞大地的声音久久地回荡在荒原上——多莉倒在了地上，它再也没能站起来。

宁静，死一般地充斥着整个荒原，充斥在荒原上的狼群中。

随即，一阵悲痛的呜呜声响起，却没有眼泪--它们已经流不出泪了。

像注射了兴奋剂一般，巴克望了妻子一眼，疾跑着上了一个山冈，仰首凄厉地嗥叫着。

透过扬起的尘土，它那疾跑时趔趄的背影被躲藏在远处的人类尽收眼底。

“慢点，比尔，小心弄出声响惊动了它们。

”“你这胆小鬼，盯了这么久，瞧它们那样，是动手的机会了。

嘿，真想抚摸那毛茸茸的狼皮呀！嘿……”夕阳由血红变成枯黄，映着遍地的黄沙，给人除了荒凉还是荒凉的感觉。

疲倦的神色掩不住地挂在巴克的脸上，虽然，它努力使自己依旧保持王者的风范，但它太累了，它好想舒舒服服地睡上一觉，即便是空着肚子。

“嗨，弄好了没有？可千万别出什么差错啊！”“放心吧！戴夫，我们这次肯定会有大大的收获。

”夜幕中，挟着黄沙的风一阵紧似一阵，周围传来了人的脚步声。

求生的本能使处于半睡半醒中的狼迅速地睁开了眼睛，警惕地围在了一起，又恢复了野性的眸子在黑暗中闪烁着蓝莹莹的利光，犹如利箭般射向持枪逼近的人类。

低吼声从巴克的喉骨间发出，它的脑海里浮现出多莉血迹斑斑的腿、母亲那被人类从身上扒下的皮毛和人类嚼食狼肉时发出的心满意足的笑声。

《野性的呼唤》PPT课件

12
中的人性的一面, 在这一点上甚至超出了某些人类; 而当环境的改变,
生存的欲望会激发出原始的野性。
2020/1/15
9
可编辑
• 巴克就是一面镜子, 透过他, 作者给我们展示出了现代社会
中的所谓“人性”只有在安详的阳光普照的日子里才会表
现出其绵羊般的善的一面, 这种“善”一旦遇到了“棍子和牙齿”, 便会毫不犹豫地、不留丝毫痕迹地撤出。在残酷的资本原始积累阶段, 慈悲或宽容都是弱点, 人类已经退化到了生存的最原始的状态。那是适者生存的时代, 一切与文明无关,而“野性”才是生命的骨髓, 没有它生命也无从谈起,唤起了野性也就是开始了重生。在小说中作者用人的本性描写了狗的心理, 巴克逐渐意识到宽容在原始生活中是不存在的。那会被误解为惧怕, 而这种误解很可能会导致死亡。这是巴克的心理写照, 更是淘金时代人的心理缩影。“野性”在呼唤着巴克, 也使“人性”中的“善” 骤然消失。
• 1900年, 伦敦24 岁时出版了他的第一部小说集<<狼子 >>( The Son of the Wolf), 立即誉满全国。
• 到1916年他年满40时, 已出版了51部著作, 是个很高产的作家。
• 他的作品在当时独树一帜, 充满了生命间激烈的搏斗与冲突, 凸显着生
• 命的气势。如果说后来海明威的作品中是以人与自然的抗争为主题, 那么在伦敦的许多作品中, 不仅可以看到人与自然的抗争, 还可以看到在同一艰苦的自然 <<荒野的呼唤>>、 <<热爱生命>>。在这些对抗中, 人类为欲望所驱使展现出的原始的野性, 动物因与人类真挚的感情所表现出的人性都被淋漓尽致地刻画出来。
• 毛信德在《美国小说史纲》中认为杰克·伦敦《野性的呼唤》的写作“显然是一种讽喻和影射的手法,目的在于通过动物

(完整版)野性的呼唤(英文版)

When news of the find reached the United States, the Klondike gold rush was on.
The Call of the Wild: Background
The gold prospectors, known as “Klondikers,” faced harsh conditions: • temperatures 40 degrees below zero • starvation and
The Call of the Wild
Born: January 12, 1876 San Francisco, California United States Died: November 22, 1916 (aged 40) Glen Ellen, California United States Occupation :Novelist, journalist, short story writer and essayist
River
the United States
The CallIn August 1896, gold was discovered in Rabbit Creek in the Yukon Territory of western Canada.
The Call of the Wild: Background
Jack London
A realistic writer
Life Experiences
Writing Style
Major Works
Life Experiences
1890
child laborer in a cannery (at 14)

野性的呼唤(牛津书虫中英文双版本)

简介在加利福尼亚的家里，巴克过着安逸舒适的生活。

他是那儿最高大强壮的狗，地位举足轻重。

他和孩子们一同散步，在水中嬉戏，冬天的时候他就坐在主人的炉火边取暖。

但是在1897年，人们在育空河发现了金矿，他们需要像巴克这样的狗。

于是巴克被从家乡偷运到北方。

他在那里学会了拉雪撬，在冰天雪地中日复一日地跋涉。

他学会了偷食以慰饥肠，破冰取水解渴，还学会了反击来对付那些欺负他的狗。

而且他学得很快。

不久巴克成为了北方所有著名的拉雪撬的狗之一。

但是北部是狼群出没的森林，在那里他们对着明月长嗥。

野性的呼唤在巴克的梦中回响，越来越响亮……杰克·伦敦1876年生于旧金山，死于 1916年。

他出身穷苦，在他短暂的一生中他有丰富的经历——海员、工人、育空河的淘金人、旅行家、记者和作家。

他写了很多书，但是其中以《野性的呼唤》和另一本写狗的书《白芳》，最广为流传。

1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers． He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California． Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big， strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house， and a river nearby． In a big place like this，of course， there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs， but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here， and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897， and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel， one of Mr Miller's garden－ers， needed money for his large family． One day，when Mr Miller was out， Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk， Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel， and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled， and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth． For a few moments he was unable to move， and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up， the train was still moving． The man was sitting and watching him， but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening， the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco． The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．‘A hundred． He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty． It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here， help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box． He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar． His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ． What did they want with him， these strange men？ And where wasMr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north， and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank． Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box． For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er． His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small， high－walled back garden，where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting． Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box． The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men．‘Of course，’ answered the fat man， and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe， Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting， pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood． After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘ Now， come here， red eyes，’ said the fat man， dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man， sixty kilos of anger， his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck． Just before his teeth touched the skin，the man hit him with the club． Buck fell to the ground． It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand． He stood up， and jumped again． Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man， and ten times the club hithim． Slowly he got to his feet， now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears． Then the fat man walked up and hit him again， very hard， on the nose．The pain was terrible． Again， Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time， when the man knocked him down， Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ said one of the men on the wall． Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself， reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well， Buck， my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little， and I think the best thing to do now is to stop． Be a good dog and we'll be friends． But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke， he touched Buck’ s head， and although Buck was angry inside， he did not move． When the man brought him water and meat， Buck drank and then ate the meat， piece by piece， from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that） but he was not broken． He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive， and each dog was beaten by the fat man． Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed， although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs． Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short， dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars． It's a good price， Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price． He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’ Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand， and he was not surprisedwhen he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault． He took them to a ship， and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship． There they met another man， Francois． Perrault was a French－Canadian， but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest． And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as white as snow． He was friendly to Buck at first， always smiling． He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal． Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move． Buck decided that this was fair， and began to like Francois a little．Dave， the other dog， was not friendly． He wanted to be alone all the time． He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another， but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder． One morning， the ship's engines stopped， and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside． At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white． He jumped back in surprise． The soft， white thing was also falling through the air， and it fell onto him． He tried to smell it， and then caught some on his tongue． It bit like fire， and then dis appeared． He tried again and the same thing happened． People were watching him and laughing， and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why． It was his first snow．1 北部之旅巴克不曾读过报纸，他不知道人们需要高大强壮能够在北方的严寒和冰雪中工作的狗。

野性的呼唤主要内容

野性的呼唤主要内容野性的呼唤主要内容（一）《野性的呼唤》主要内容：巴克是一头十分强壮的狗.他本来在一个大法官家里过着优裕的生活,后来被法官的园丁偷走,辗转卖给邮局,又被送到阿拉斯加严寒地区去拉运送邮件的雪橇.巴克最初被卖给两个法裔加拿大人.他先后换过几个主人,最后被约翰·索顿收留.那是在巴克被残暴的主人哈尔打得遍体鳞伤、奄奄一息时,索顿救了他,在索顿的精心护理下巴克恢复得很快,由此他们之间产生了真挚的感情.巴克对索顿非常忠诚,他两次不顾生命危险救了索顿的命,不幸的是,在淘金的过程中,索顿被印第安人杀死.这时恩主已死,他觉得对这个人类社会已无所留恋.最终,他回应自身野性的呼唤,进入森林,从此与狼为伍。

野性的呼唤主要内容（二）这本书的主人公是一条狗，名叫巴克。

整个故事以阿拉斯加淘金为背景，讲述了在北方险恶的环境下，巴克为了生存，如何以一条驯化的南方狗退化到似狗非狗，似狼非狼的野蛮状态的过程。

巴克是一条硕犬无比的朵交狗，它被贪心的仆人从南方主人家偷出来卖掉，几经周折后开始踏上淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。

在残酷的驯服过程中，它意识到了公正与自然的法制，恶劣的生存环境让它懂得了生存而不择手段，从而学到了狡猾与欺诈，后来它自己将生存智慧发挥到了运用自如的境界，经过残忍，你死我活的争斗，巴克最后终于确立了领头犬的地位。

在艰辛的拉雪橇途中，()狗们面对着许多痛苦:挨打.挨饿.甚至死亡，但巴克适应环境快得惊人，超越每只狗，它们的主人几经调换，最后，巴克与一位主人约翰.桑顿结下了难舍难分的深情厚谊。

这位主人曾将它从极端繁重的苦役中解救出来，而巴克又多次营救了它的主人，还帮他还回了债务，最后，在它热爱的主人和其它伙伴惨遭印第安人射杀后，它便走向荒野，响应它这一路上多次聆听到的，非常向往的那种野性的呼唤。

野性的呼唤主要内容（三）这本书《野性的呼唤》中，描述的是一只狗的。

《野性的呼唤》(the Call of the Wild) 浅析及三种译文之对比

《野性的呼唤》(the Call of the Wild) 浅析及三种译文之对
比
王华立
【期刊名称】《考试周刊》
【年(卷),期】2007(000)052
【摘要】小说<野性的呼唤>(又译<荒野的呼唤>)是美国作家杰克·伦敦最为著名的作品.该小说作为名著,已有多种中译版本.本文试析原著的风格,并对比蒋天佐、胡春兰和贾文浩三位译者的译本(分别由河北教育出版社、人民文学出版社及北京燕山出版社出版),浅谈各译本的优劣得失,同时提出对同一文学作品的不同译本进行比较时,应引进共时和历时的观点作为标准之一.
【总页数】2页(P132-133)
【作者】王华立
【作者单位】广西大学,外国语学院,广西,南宁,530004
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I1
【相关文献】
1.Of Studies三种译文的对比研究
2.唐诗《春晓》三种英译文本之美学元素对比分析
3.对比性批评The Call of the Wild的两个不同中文译本的不同风格
4.The Author's Account of Himself三种译文对比研究
5.从《论读书》三种译文对比看王佐良译文的特色
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

2022年《野性的呼唤》读后感(15篇)

2022年《野性的呼唤》读后感(15篇)《野性的呼唤》读后感1在假期中我读了《野性的呼唤》这本书，我非常喜欢它。

这本书的作者是美国的作者——杰克。

伦敦。

美国的小说家，优秀的作品有《墨西哥人》。

《热爱生命》。

《在甲板的天逢底下》等可我最喜欢这本书，因为他让我走进了一只狗——巴克的世界，知道了什么是野性的呼唤。

这本书主要讲了巴克是一只壮硕的狗；它的主人是米勒先生，住在加州，之后因为不辛被曼紐尔卖给了城镇去拉金子，在这之间巴克受过许多许多的主人可是巴克是在最后一个主人身上第一次感受到了人类的爱，他的主人是桑顿然后渐渐的变成了“朋友”它们在经过一次次艰辛后，桑顿与巴克决定往东寻找新的天地，巴克听到一种令它心灵嚊到呼唤，从森林中阵阵传来。

在此书中我可以极深的体会出巴克的朝气与勇气他坚持不懈勇往直前勇于挑战聪明灵活。

读了这本书回头在想想我一遇到困难就退缩，没有一点勇气和坚强，记的'有时间被一道小小数学题难住后就退缩，真是太不应该了，相信许多同学到和我一样吧！那么就让我们一起去改正吧，如小巴克那样坚持不懈，永不退缩吧！这本书主要讲述了一只良犬逐渐回归野性，重返荒野的过程，作者借此反映了“弱肉强食”丛林法则，也让我懂了做事要坚持不懈、坚强、勇敢，才会成功。

《野性的呼唤》读后感2暑假里，我读了一__学名著——《野性的呼唤》。

这本书的作者是杰克·伦敦，是美国颇具民族色彩的优秀作家。

他1876年1月12日生于旧金山，1916年11月死于突发性心脏病。

杰克·伦敦的童年是在艰难困苦中度过的。

曾当过报童、水手、流浪中还蹲过监狱，后来去阿拉斯加淘过金。

故事中的主人公是一条生长在美国南部加州的狗。

它原来是米勒法官家的一条爱犬，后来被卖到寒冷偏远的美国北部，在盛产黄金的阿拉斯加，它成了一只拉雪撬的狗。

进入北方后，他眼见自己的同伴——一只南方狗遭到当地狗攻击而惨死，他第一次感受到了“利齿的残酷性”，认识到生活中没有公平的游戏规则，任何时候都必须坚强挺住，绝对不能倒下，他原始的野性开始被唤醒。

野性的呼唤主要内容

野性的呼唤主要内容在这个喧嚣的城市中，我们常常感受到一种迷失和孤独。

在高楼大厦间穿行，我们似乎忘记了自己的本性，忘记了那个原始的自己，忘记了大自然的呼唤。

野性的呼唤，是大自然对我们内心的一种呼唤。

它不是对我们身体的呼唤，而是对我们心灵的呼唤。

在这个纷扰的世界中，我们需要去寻找那个真实的自己，去回归那个最初的本性。

野性的呼唤，是大自然对我们内心深处的一种召唤。

它让我们远离城市的喧嚣，走进大自然的怀抱。

在茂密的森林中，我们可以感受到大自然的力量，感受到自己内心的平静和宁静。

在湍急的河流中，我们可以感受到大自然的激情，感受到自己内心的勇气和决心。

在广袤的草原上，我们可以感受到大自然的包容，感受到自己内心的宽广和豁达。

这些都是野性的呼唤，它让我们找到了自己，找到了内心的平衡和和谐。

野性的呼唤，是大自然对我们生活方式的一种警示。

在这个物质文明的社会中，我们过于追求物质的享受，而忽略了内心的需求。

我们需要去追寻那些简单而纯粹的东西，去感受大自然的恩赐，去体验生活的真谛。

在大自然中，我们可以找到生命的意义，找到内心的宁静和满足。

野性的呼唤，是大自然对我们人类命运的一种警示。

我们生活在这个美丽而脆弱的星球上，我们需要更加珍惜和保护大自然。

我们需要意识到我们与大自然的紧密联系，我们需要意识到我们的生存离不开大自然。

只有当我们与大自然和谐相处，我们才能找到生命的意义，找到内心的安宁和幸福。

野性的呼唤，是大自然对我们内心的一种启示。

在这个快节奏的社会中，我们需要停下来，去聆听大自然的声音，去感受大自然的力量。

我们需要找到内心的平衡，找到生活的意义。

只有当我们与大自然和谐相处，我们才能找到真正的幸福和满足。

野性的呼唤，是大自然对我们内心的一种召唤。

让我们回归自然，回归内心，去感受大自然的美好，去体验生命的意义。

让我们与大自然和谐相处，与自己内心和谐相处。

这样，我们才能真正找到自己，找到生活的意义，找到内心的平衡和和谐。

野性的呼唤故事梗概

野性的呼唤故事梗概巴克是一条圣伯纳犬和牧羊犬混种的大狗，野性、灵敏。

这是只狼性很重的狗，拉雪橇时尽职卖力，战斗时机智勇猛。

它本来在一个大法官家里过着优裕的生活，它和孩子们一同散步，在水中嬉戏，冬天的时候它就坐在主人的炉火边取暖。

但是在1897年，人们在育空河发现了金矿，在美国很快掀起了一股淘金热。

许多美国青年来到阿拉斯加这个冰雪世界，希望能淘到属于自己的黄金。

于是狗成了淘金旅途中不可缺少的伙伴和工具，他们需要像巴克这样的狗。

强壮的巴克被法官的园丁偷走，辗转卖给邮局，又被送到阿拉斯加严寒地区去拉运送邮件的雪橇。

巴克最初被卖给两个法裔加拿大人。

这些被买来的狗不仅受到了冷酷的人类的虐待，他在那里学会了拉雪撬，在冰天雪地中日复一日地跋涉，他学全了偷食以慰饥肠，破冰取水解渴。

而且狗之间为了争夺狗群的领导权，也无时不在互相争斗、残杀。

巴克还是天生的领导者，由于体力超群、机智勇敢，绝不愿久居人下。

它觊觎领队狗的位置，一面拉拢犬党，充实自己的实力和政治资本，一面养精蓄锐，伺机而动。

最后巴克终于击败领队狗史必兹，成为新的领队。

它似乎很能发挥管理长才，恩威并使，把狗队冶理得井然有序，使得每天的行程因而大增。

巴克的世界里再也没有怜悯和仁慈，它信奉的是很简单的原则：杀，或是被杀；吃，或是被吃。

捕猎与杀戮是为了果腹和自卫，就像呼吸那么必要和自然，绝对没有错与对的考虑。

他先后换过几个主人，最后被约翰·索顿收留。

那是在巴克被残暴的主人哈尔打得遍体鳞伤、奄奄一息时，索顿救了他，并悉心为他疗伤。

在索顿的精心护理下，巴克恢复得很快，由此他们之间产生了真挚的感情。

巴克对索顿非常忠诚，他两次不顾生命危险救了索顿的命，不幸的是，在淘金的过程中，索顿被印第安人杀死。

狂怒之下，巴克咬死了几个印第安人，为主人报了仇。

这时恩主已死，他觉得对这个人类社会已无所留恋。

最终，他回应自身野性的呼唤，进入森林，从此与狼为伍，过着原始动物的生活。

《野性的呼唤》DOGS

美国可卡犬 12.5岁（American Cooker Spaniel）
松狮犬，英文Chow Chow
米格鲁猎兔犬 13.3岁 beagle
圣伯纳犬牧羊犬
• 它目睹了人与人、狗与狗、强者与弱者之间冷酷无情和生死争斗，于是为了生存，它学会了只求活命、不顾道义的处世原则，变得凶悍、机智而狡诈。最后，在森林中狼群的呼唤下，巴克狼性复萌，逃入丛林，重归荒野。在小说中，杰克· 伦敦运用拟人手法，把狗眼中的世界及人类的本质刻画地淋漓尽致，反映了资本主义社会冷酷的现实和 “优胜劣汰，适者生存”的客观现实。巴克渴望并奔向了自由，这也正是作家的追求和理想的体现。
西藏獒犬Tibetan Mastiff 20.ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ岁
Tibetan Plateau
马尔济斯犬MalteseDog 18岁
地中海的马尔基斯岛
玩具贵宾犬（Toy Poodle ） 15 岁卷毛小狗
威比特犬 Whippet 14.3岁
博美犬波美拉尼亚犬、松鼠犬 14岁
Pomeranian
京巴犬 13.3岁 Pekingese

野性的呼唤( The Call of the Wild)

The Call of the Wild1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers．He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California．Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big，strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big place like this，of course，there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs，but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897，and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr Miller's garden－ers，needed money for his large family．One day，when Mr Miller was out，Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk，Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel，and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled，and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth．For a few moments he was unable to move，and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up，the train was still moving．The man was sitting and watching him，but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening，the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco．The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the man who stole him—how much did he get？’asked the barman．‘A hundred．He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty．It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here，help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box．He spent the night in the box in the back room of the bar．His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ．What did they want with him，these strange men？And where was Mr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north，and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank．Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box．For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er．His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small，high－walled back garden，where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting．Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box．The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’asked one of the men．‘Of course，’answered the fat man，and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe，Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting，pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood．After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘Now，come here，red eyes，’said the fat man，dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man，sixty kilos of anger，his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck．Just before his teeth touched the skin，the man hit him with the club．Buck fell to the ground．It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand．He stood up，and jumped again．Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．T en times he jumped at the man，and ten times the club hit him．Slowly he got to his feet，now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears．Then the fat man walked up and hit him again，very hard，on the nose．The pain was terrible．Again，Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time，when the man knocked him down，Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’said one of the men on the wall．Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself，reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well，Buck，my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little，and I think the best thing to do now is to stop．Be a good dog and we'll be friends．But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke，he touched Buck’s head，and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move．When the man brought him water and meat，Buck drank and then ate the meat，piece by piece，from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that）but he was not broken．He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive，and each dog was beaten by the fat man．Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed，although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at the dogs．Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short，dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars．It's a good price，Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price．He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’s hand，and he was not surprised when he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault．He took them to a ship，and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship．There they met another man，Francois．Perrault was a French－Canadian，but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest．And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as white as snow．He was friendly to Buck at first，always smiling．He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’s food at the first meal．Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move．Buck decided that this was fair，and began to like Francois a little．Dave，the other dog，was not friendly．He wanted to be alone all the time．He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another，but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．One morning，the ship's engines stopped，and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside．At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white．He jumped back in surprise．The soft，white thing was also falling through the air，and it fell onto him．He tried to smell it，and then caught some on his tongue．It bit like fire，and then dis appeared．He tried again and the same thing happened．People were watching him and laughing，and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why．It was his first snow．2 The law of club and toothBuck's first day at Dyea Beach was terrible．Every hour there was some new，frightening surprise．There was no peace，no rest—only continual noise and movement．And every minute there was danger，because these dogs and men were not town dogs and men．They knew only the law of club and tooth．Buck had never seen dogs fight like these dogs；they were like wolves．In a few minutes he learnt this from watching Curly．She tried to make friends with a dog，a big one，al －though not as big as she was．There was no warning．The dog jumped on Curly，his teeth closed together，then he jumped away，and Curly's face was torn open from eye to mouth．Wolves fight like this，biting and jumping away，but the fight did not finish then．Thirty or forty more dogs ran up and made a circle around the fight，watching silently．Curly tried to attack the dog who had bitten her；he bit her a second time，and jumped away．When she attacked him again，he knocked her backwards，and she fell on the ground．She never stood up again，because this was what the other dogs were waiting for．They moved in，and in a moment she was under a crowd of dogs．It was all very sudden．Buck saw Spitz run out from the crowd with his tongue out of his mouth，laughing．Then he saw Francois with an axe，and two or three other men with clubs jump in among the dogs．Two minutes later the last of the dogs was chased away．But Curly lay dead in the snow，her body torn almost to pieces．Curly's death often came backto Buck in his dreams．He understood that once a dog was down on the ground，he was dead He also remembered Spitz laughing，and from that moment he hated him．Then Buck had another surprise．Francois put a harness on him．Buck had seen harnesses on horses，and now he was made to work like a horse，pulling Francois on a sledge into the forest and returning with wood for the fire．Buck worked with Spitz andDave．The two other dogs had worked in a har－ness before，and Buck learnt by watching them．He also learnt to stop and turn when Francois shouted．‘Those three are very good dogs，’Francois told Perrault．‘That Buck pulls very well，and he's learning quickly．’Perrault had important letters and official papers to take to Dawson City，so that afternoon he bought two more dogs，two brothers called Billee and Joe．Billee was very friendly，but Joe was the opposite．In the evening Perrault bought one more dog，an old dog with one eye ．His name was Sol-leks，which means The Angry One．Like Dave，he made no friends；all he wanted was to be alone．That night Buck discovered another problem．Where was he going to sleep？Francois and Perrault were in their tent，but when he went in，they shouted angrily and threw things at him．Outside it was very cold and windy．He lay down in the snow，but he was too cold to sleep．He walked around the tents trying to find the other dogs．But，to his surprise，they had disappeared．He walked around Perrault's tent，very，very cold，wondering what to do．Sud-denly，the snow under his feet fell in，and he felt something move．He jumped back，waiting for the attack，but heard on-ly a friendly bark．There，in a warm hole under the snow，was Billee．So that was what you had to do．Buck chose a place，dug himself a hole and in a minute he was warm and asleep．He slept well，although his dreams were bad．When he woke up，at first he did not know where he was．It had snowed in the night and the snow now lay thick and heavy above him．Suddenly he was afraid—the fear of a wild animal when it is caught and cannot escape．Growling，he threw himself at the snow，and a moment later，he had jumped upwards into the daylight．He saw the tents and re －membered everything，from the time he had gone for a walk with Manuel to the moment he had dug the hole the night before．‘What did I say？’shouted Francois to Perrault，when he saw Buck come up out of the snow．‘That Buck learns quickly．’Perrault smiled slowly．He was carrying important papers，and he needed good dogs．He was very pleased to have Buck．They bought three more dogs that morning，and a quarter of an hour later all nine dogs were in harness and on their way up the Dyea Canyon．Buck was not sorry to be moving，and although it was hard work，he almost enjoyed it．He was also surprised to see that Dave and Sol－leks no longer looked bored and miserable．Pulling in a harness was their job，and they were happy to do it．Dave was sledge－dog，the dog nearest to the sledge．In front of him was Buck，thencame Sol-leks．In front of them were the six other dogs，with Spitz as leader at the front．Francois had put Buck between Dave and Sol－leks because they could teach him the work．Buck learnt well，and they were good teachers．When Buck pulled the wrong way，Dave always bit his leg，but only lightly．Once，when they stopped，Buck got tied up in his harness，and it took ten minutes to get started again．Both Dave and Sol －leks gave him a good beating for that mistake．Buck understood，and was more careful after that．It was a hard day's journey，up the Dyea Canyon and into the mountains．They camped that night at Lake Bennett．Here there were thousands of gold miners．They were building boats to sail up the lake when the ice melted in the spring．Buck made his hole in the snow and slept well，but was woken up very early and harnessed to the sledge．The first day they had travelled on snow that had been hardened by many sledges and they covered sixty kilometres．But the next day，and for days afterwards，they were on new snow．The work was harder and they went slowly．Usually，Perrault went in front，on snowshoes，flattening the snow a little for the dogs．Francois stayed by the sledge．Sometimes the two men changed places，but there were many small lakes and rivers，and Perrault understood ice better．He always knew when the ice across a river was very thin．Day after day Buck pulled in his harness．They started in the morning before it was light，and they stopped in the evening after dark，ate a piece of fish，and went to sleep in their holes under the snow．Buck was always hungry．Francoisgave him 750 grams of dried fish a day，and it was never enough．The other dogs were given only 500 grams；they were smaller and could stay dive on less food．Buck learnt to eat quickly；if he was too slow，the other dogs stole his food．He saw Pike，one of the new dogs，steal some meat from the sledge when Perrault wasn't looking．The next day Buck stole some and got away unseen．Perrault was very angry，but he thought another dog，Dub，had taken it and so punished him instead of Buck．Buck was learning how to live in the north．In the south he had never stolen，but there he had never been so hungry．He stole cleverly and secretly，remembering the beatings from the man with the club．Buck was learning the law of club and tooth．He learnt to eat any food—anything that he could get his teeth into．He learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink He was stronger，harder，and could see and smell better than ever before ．In a way，he was remembering back to the days when wild dogs travelled in packs through the forest，killing for meat as they went．It was easy for him to learn to fight like a wolf，because it was in his blood．In the evenings，when he pointed his nose at the moon and howled long and loud，he was remembering the dogs and wolves that had come before him．3 The wild animalThe wild animal was strong in Buck，and as he travelled across the snow，it grew stronger and stronger．And as Buck grew stronger，he hated Spitz more and more，although he was careful never to start a fight．But Spitz was always showing his teeth to Buck，trying to start a fight．And Buck knew that if he and Spitz fought，one of them would die．The fight almost happened one night when they stopped by Lake Laberge．There was heavy snow and it was very cold．The lake was frozen and Francois，Perrault，and the dogs had to spend the night on the ice，under a big rock．Buck had made a warm hole in the snow and was sorry to leave it to get his piece of fish．But when he had eaten．and returned to his hole，he found Spitz in it．Buck had tried not to fight Spitz be－fore，but this was too much．He attacked him angrily．Spitz was surprised．He knew Buck was big，but he didn’t know he was so wild．Francois was surprised too，and guessed why Buck was angry．‘Go on Buck！’he shouted．‘Fight him，the dirty thief！’Spitz was also ready to fight，and the two dogs circled one another，looking for the chance to jump in．But suddenly there was a shout from Perrault，and they saw eighty or a hundred dogs around the sledge．The dogs came from an Indian village，and they were searching for the food that they could smell on the sledge．Perrault and Francois tried to fight them off with their clubs，but the dogs，made crazy by the smell of the food，showed their teeth and fought back．Buck had never seed dogs like these．They were all skin and bone，but hunger made them fight like wild things．Three of them attacked Buck and in seconds his head and legs were bad－ly bitten．Dave and Sol-leks stood side by side，covered in blood，fighting bravely．Joe and Pike jumped on one dog，and Pike broke its neck with one bite．Buck caught another dog by the neck and tasted blood．He threw himself on the next one，and then felt teeth in his own neck．It was Spitz，attacking him from the side．Perrault and Francois came to help with clubs，but then they had to run back to save the food ．It was safer for the nine sledge－dogs to run away across the lake．Several of them were badly hurt，and they spent an unhappy night hiding among the tress．At first light they returned to the sledge and found Perrault and Francois tired and angry．Half their food was gone．The Indian dogs had even eaten one of Perrault's shoes．Francois looked at his dogs unhappily．‘Ah，my friends，’he said softly，‘Perhaps those bites will make you ill．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault said nothing．They still had six hundred kilometres to travel，and he hoped very much that his sledge－dogs had not caught rabies from the Indian dogs．The harness was torn and damaged and it was two hours be－fore they were moving，travelling slowly and painfully over the most difficult country that they had been in．The Thirty Mile River was not frozen．It ran too fast to freeze．They spent six days trying to find a place to cross，and every step was dangerous for dogs and men．Twelve times they found ice bridges across the river，and Perrault walked carefully onto them，holding a long piece of wood．And twelve times he fell through a bridge and was saved by the piece of wood，which caught on the sides of the hole．But the tempera-ture was 45°below zero，and each time Perrault fell into the water，he had to light a fire to dry and warm himself．Once，the sledge fell through the ice，with Dave and Buck，and they were covered in ice by the time Perrault and Francois pulled them out of the river．Again，a fire was needed to save them．Another time，Spitz and the dogs in front fell through the ice—Buck and Dave and Francois at the sledge had to pull backwards．That day they travelled only four hundred metres．When they got to the Hootalinqua and good ice，Buck and the other dogs were very，very tired．But they were late，so Perrault made them run faster．In three days they went a hun－dred and eighty kilometres and reached the Five Fingers．The other dogs had hard feet from years of pulling sledges，but Buck's feet were still soft from his easy life down south．All day he ran painfully，and when they camped for the night，he lay down like a dead dog．He was hungry，but he was too tired to walk to the fish，so Francois brought it to him．One day Francois made four little shoes for him，and this made Buck much more comfortable．Francois forgot the shoes one morning，and Buck refused to move．He lay on his back with his feet in the air，until Francois put the shoes on．Later his feet grew harder and the shoes were not needed．One morning，at the Pelly River，a dog called Delly went suddenly mad．She howled long and loud like a wolf and then jumped at Buck．Buck ran，with Dolly one step behind him．She could not catch him，but he could not escape from her．They ran half a kilometre，and then Buck heard Francois call to him．He turned and ran towards the man，sure that Francois would save him．Francois stood ，holding his axe，and as Buck passed，the axe crashed down on Dolly's head．Buck fell down by the sledge，too tired to move．Immedi-ately，Spitz attacked him and bit his helpless enemy twice，as hard as he could．But Francois saw this，and gave Spitz a ter－rible beating for it．‘He's a wild dog，that Spitz，’said Perrault．‘One day he'll kill Buck．’‘Buck is wilder，’replied Francois．‘I've been watching him．One day he'll get very angry and he'll fight Spitz；and he'll win．’Francois was right．Buck wanted to be lead-dog．Spitz knew this and hated him．Buck started to help the other dogs when Spitz punished them for being lazy．One morning，Pike refused to get up，and Spitz looked for him everywhere．When he found him，he jumped at him．But suddenly，Buck at－tacked Spitz．The other dogs saw this，and it became more and more difficult for Spitz to lead them．But the days passed without a chance for a fight，and soon they were pulling into Dawson City on a cold grey afternoon．They stayed in Dawson for seven days．When they left，Perrault was carrying some more very important papers，and he wanted to travel back as fast as possible．They travelled eighty kilometres the first day，and the same the second．But it was difficult work for Francois．Buck and Spitz hated each other，and the other dogs were not afraid of Spitz any more．One night Pike stole half a fish from Spitz，and ate it standing next to Buck．And every time Buck went near Spitz，he growled and the hair on his back stood up angri-ly．The other dogs fought in their harnesses and Francois often had to stop the sledge．He knew that Buck was the problem，but Buck was too clever for him and Francois never saw him actually starting a fight．One night in camp，the dogs saw a snow rabbit and in a sec-ond they were all chasing it，with Spitz in front．Nearby was another camp，with fifty dogs，who also Joined the chase．The rabbit was running fast on top of the snow，but the snow was soft，and it was more difficult for the dogs．When Spitz caught the rabbit，throwing it in the air with his teeth，Buck was just behind．Spitz stopped，and Buck hit him，very hard．The two dogs fell in the snow．Spitz bit Buck very quickly，twice，and then jumped away，watching carefully．The time had come，and Buck knew that either he or Spitz must die．They watched one another，circling slowly．Themoon was shining brightly on the snow，and in the cold still air not a leaf moved on the trees．The other dogs finished eating the rabbit and then turned to watch．Spitz was a good fighter．He was full of hate and anger，but he was also intelligent．Every time Buck tried to bite his throat，he met Spitz's own teeth．Then，each time Buck attacked，Spitz moved and bit him on the side as he passed．After a few minutes，Buck was covered in blood．He attacked again，but this time turned at the last minute and went under Spitz，biting his left front leg．The bone broke，and Spitz was standing on three legs．Buck tried to knock Spitz down，and then repeated his earlier attack and broke Spitz's right front leg．There was no hope for Spitz now．Buck got ready for his final attack，while the circle of sixty dogs watched，and crowded nearer and nearer，waiting for the end．At last Buck jumped，in and out，and Spitz went down in the snow．A second later the waiting pack was on top of him，and Spitz had disappeared．Buck stood and watched．The wild animal had made its kill．4 The new lead-dog‘Well，what did I say？Buck’s a real fighter，all right，’said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．‘Spitz fought like a wolf，’said Perrault，as he looked at the bites all over Buck．‘And Buck fought like ten wolves，’answered Francois．‘And we'll travel faster now．No more Spitz，no more trouble．’Francois started to harness the dogs．He needed a new lead－dog，and decided that Sol-leks was the best dog that he had．But Buck jumped at Sol－leks and took his place．‘Look at Buck！’said Francois，laughing．‘He's killed Spitz，and now he wants to be lead－dog．Go away，Buck！’He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Sol－leks again．Sol-leks was unhappy too．He was frightened of Buck，and when Francois turned his back，Buck took Sol-leks’place again．Now Francois was angry．‘I'll show you！’he cried，and went to get a heavy club from the sledge．Buck remembered the man in the red coat，and moved away．This time，when Sol-leks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in．He kept a few metres away and circled around Francois carefully．But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave，Buck refused．He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead－dog．For an hour the two men tried to harness him．Buck did not run away，but he did not let them catch him．Finally，Francois sat down，and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late．The two men looked at one another and smiled Francois walked up to Sol-leks，took off his harness，led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then hecalled Buck．All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front But Buck did not move．‘Put down the club，’said Perrault．Francois dropped the club，and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him ，and in a minute the sledge was moving．Buck was an excellent leader．He moved and thought quick－ly and led the other dogs well．A new leader made no differ－ence to Dave and Sol-leks；they continued to pull hard ．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes Pike，the second dog，was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life．The first night in camp Buck fought Joe，another difficult dog，and after that there were no more problems with him．The team started to pull together，and to move faster and faster．‘I've never seen a dog like Buck！’cried Francois，‘Never！He's worth a thousand dollars ．What do you think，Perrault？’Perrault agreed．They were moving quickly，and covering more ground every day The snow was good and hard，and no new snow fell．The temperature dropped to 45°below zero，and didn't change．This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River，and they crossed in a day．Some days they ran a hundred kilome－tres，or even more They reached Skagway in fourteen days；the fastest time ever．For three days the dogs rested in Skagway．Then Francois put his arms around Buck's neck and said goodbye to him．And that was the last of Francois and Perrault．Like other men，they passed out of Buck's life for ever．Two new men took Buck and his team back north on the long journey to Dawson，travelling with several other dog－teams．It was heavy work；the sledge was loaded with letters for the gold miners of Dawson．Buck did not like it，but he worked hard，and made the other dogs work hard，too．Each day was the same．They started early，before it was light，and at night they stopped and camped and the dogs ate．For the dogs this was the best part of the day，first eating，then resting by the fire．Buck liked to lie by the fire，looking at the burning wood．Sometimes he thought about Mr Miller's house in California．More of ten he remembered the man in the red coat and his club，the death of Curly，the fight with Spitz，and the good things that he had eaten But sometimes he remembered other things These were things that he remembered through his parents，and his parents parents，and all the dogs which had lived before him．Sometimes as he lay there，he seemed to see，in a waking dream，a different fire．And he saw next to him，not the Indian cook，but another man，a man with shorter legs，and longer arms．This man had long hair and deep eyes，and madestrange noises in his throat He was very frightened of the dark，and looked around him all the time，holding a heavy stone in his hand ．He wore the skin of an animal on his back，and Buck could see thick hair all over his body．Buck sat by the fire with this hairy man，and in the circling darkness beyond the fire he could see many eyes—the eyes of hungry animals waiting to attack．And he growled softly in his dream until the Indian cook shouted，‘Hey，Buck，wake up！’Then the strange world disappeared and Buck's eyes saw the real fire again．When they reached Dawson，the dogs were tired，and needed a week's rest But in two days they were moving south again，with another heavy load of letters．Both dogs and men were unhappy．It snowed every day as well，and on soft new snow it was harder work pulling the sledges．The men took good care of their dogs．In the evenings，the dogs ate first，the men second，and they always checked the dogs’feet before they slept．But every day the dogs became weaker．Buck had pulled sledges for three thousand kilometres that winter，and he was as tired as the others．But Dave was not only tired；he was ill．Every evening he lay down the minute after the sledge stopped，and did not stand up until morning．The men looked at him，but they could find no broken bones．Something was wrong inside．One day he started to fall down while in his harness．The sledge stopped，and the driver took him out of his harness．He wanted to give him a rest，and let him run free behind the sledge．But Dave did not want to stop working．He hated to see another dog doing his work，so he ran along beside the sledge，trying to push Sol-leks out of his place．When the sledge made its next stop，Dave bit through Sol-leks’harness and pushed him away．Then he stood there，in his old place in front of the sledge，waiting for his harness and the order to start pulling．The driver decided it was kinder to let him work．Dave pulled all day，but the next morning he was too weak to move．The driver harnessed up without Dave，and drove a few hun-dred metres．Then he stopped，took his gun，and walked back．The dogs heard a shot，and then the man came quickly back．The sledge started to move again；but Buck knew，and every dog knew，what had happened．5 More hard work。

野性的呼唤（牛津书虫中英文双版本）

野性的呼唤（牛津书虫中英文双版本）简介在加利福尼亚的家里，巴克过着安逸舒适的生活。

他是那儿最高大强壮的狗，地位举足轻重。

他和孩子们一同散步，在水中嬉戏，冬天的时候他就坐在主人的炉火边取暖。

但是在1897年，人们在育空河发现了金矿，他们需要像巴克这样的狗。

于是巴克被从家乡偷运到北方。

他在那里学会了拉雪撬，在冰天雪地中日复一日地跋涉。

他学会了偷食以慰饥肠，破冰取水解渴，还学会了反击来对付那些欺负他的狗。

而且他学得很快。

不久巴克成为了北方所有著名的拉雪撬的狗之一。

但是北部是狼群出没的森林，在那里他们对着明月长嗥。

野性的呼唤在巴克的梦中回响，越来越响亮……杰克·伦敦1876年生于旧金山，死于 1916年。

他出身穷苦，在他短暂的一生中他有丰富的经历——海员、工人、育空河的淘金人、旅行家、记者和作家。

他写了很多书，但是其中以《野性的呼唤》和另一本写狗的书《白芳》，最广为流传。

1 To the northBuck did not read the newspapers． He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California． Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big， strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north．Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big place like this，of course， there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs，but they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here， and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried thegrandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter．But this was 1897， and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr Miller's garden－ers，needed money for his large family． One day，when Mr Miller was out，Manuel and Buck left the garden together．It was just an evening walk， Buck thought．No one saw them go，and only one man saw them arrive at the railway station．This man talked to Manuel， and gave him some money ．Then he tied a piece of rope around Buck's neck．Buck growled， and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck．He jumped at the man．The man caught him and suddenly Buck was on his back with his tongue out of his mouth． For a few moments he was unable to move， and it was easy for the two men to put him into the train．When Buck woke up， the train was still moving． The man was sitting and watching him， but Buck was too quick for him and he bit the man's hand hard．Then the rope was pulled again and Buck had to let go．That evening， the man took Buck to the back room of a bar in San Francisco． The barman looked at the man's hand and trousers covered in blood．‘How much are they paying you for this？’he asked．‘I only get fifty dollars．’‘And the m an who stole him—how much did he get？’ asked the barman．‘A hundred． He wouldn't take less．’‘That makes a hundred and fifty． It's a good price for a dog like him ．Here， help me to get him into this．’They took off Buck's rope and pushed him into a wooden box．He spent the night in the box in the back room of thebar． His neck still ached with pain from the rope，and he could not understand what it all meant ． What did they want with him，these strange men？ And where wasMr Miller？The next day Buck was carried in the box to the railway station and put on a trainto the north．For two days and nights the train travelled north， and for two days and nights Buck neither ate nor drank． Men on the train laughed at him and pushed sticks at him through the holes in the box．For two days and nights Buck got angrier and hungrier and thirsti-er． His eyes grew red and he bit anything that moved．In Seattle four men took Buck to a small， high－walled back garden，where a fat man in an old red coat was waiting． Buck was now very angry indeed and hejumped and bit at the sides of his box． The fat man smiled and went to get an axe and a club．‘Are you going to take him out now？’ asked one of the men．‘Of course，’ answered the fat man， and he began to break the box with his axe．Immediately the four other men climbed up onto the wall to watch from a safe place．As the fat man hit the box with his axe， Buck jumped at the sides，growling and biting， pulling with his teeth at the pieces of broken wood．After a few minutes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out．‘ Now， come here， red eyes，’ said the fat man， dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand．Buck jumped at the man， sixty kilos of anger， his mouth wide open ready to bite the man's neck． Just before his teethtouched the skin，the man hit him with the club． Buck fell to the ground． It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand．He stood up，and jumped again．Again the club hit him and he crashed to the ground．Ten times he jumped at the man， and ten times the club hithim．Slowly he got to his feet，now only just able to stand．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears． Then the fat man walked up and hit him again， very hard， on the nose．The pain was terrible． Again， Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground．A last time he jumped，and this time，when the man knocked him down，Buck did not move．‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson，’ sai d one of the men on the wall． Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station．‘His name is Buck，’said the fat man to himself， reading the letter that had come with the box．‘Well，Buck， my by，’he said in a friendly voice，‘we've argued a little， and I think the best thing to do now is to stop． Be a good dog and we'll be friends． But if you're a bad dog，I'll have to use my club again．Understand？’As he spoke，he touched Buck’ s head，and although Buck was angry inside，he did not move．When the man brought him water and meat， Buck drank and then ate the meat，piece by piece，from the man's hand．Buck was beaten（he knew that） but he was not broken． He had learnt that a man with a club was stronger than him．Every day he saw more dogs arrive，and each dog was beaten by the fat man．Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed， although he did not have to be a friend．Men came to see the fat man and to look at thedogs． Some-times they paid money and left with one or more of the dogs．One day a short， dark man came and looked at Buck．‘That's a good dog！’ he cried．‘How much do you want for him？’‘Three hundred dollars．It's a good price，Perrault，’said the fat man．Perrault smiled and agreed that it was a good price．He knew dogs，and he knew that Buck was an excellent dog．‘One in ten thousand，’ Perrault said to himself．Buck saw money put into the fat man’ s hand， and he was not surprisedwhen he and another dog called Curly were taken away by Perrault． He took them to a ship， and later that day Buck and Curly stood and watched the coast get further and further away．They had seen the warm south for the last time．Perrault took Buck and Curly down to the bottom of the ship． There they met another man， Francois． Perrault was a French－Canadian，but Francois was half－Indian，tall and dark．Buck learnt quickly that Perrault and Francois were fair men，calm and honest． And they knew everything about dogs．There were two other dogs on the ship．One was a big dog called Spitz，as white as snow． He was friendly to Buck at first，always smiling．He was smiling when he tried to steal Buck’ s food at the first meal． Francois was quick and hit Spitz before Buck had time to move． Buck decided that this was fair， and began to like Francois a little．Dave， the other dog， was not friendly． He wanted to be alone all the time．He ate and slept and was interested in nothing．One day was very like another， but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder．One morning，the ship'sengines stopped， and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship．Francois leashed the dogs and took them outside． At the first step Buck's feet went into something soft and white． He jumped back in surprise． The soft， white thing was also falling through the air， and it fell onto him． He tried to smell it， and then caught some on his tongue． It bit like fire， and then dis appeared．He tried again and the same thing happened． People were watching him and laughing， and Buck felt ashamed，although he did not know why． It was his first snow．1 北部之旅巴克不曾读过报纸，他不知道人们需要高大强壮能够在北方的严寒和冰雪中工作的狗。