Analysis of product defects caused by flux in wave soldering

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缺陷原因英语作文

缺陷原因英语作文Causes of Defects。

Defects are common in many industries and can have serious consequences, such as customer dissatisfaction, increased costs, and even safety hazards. It is important to understand the causes of defects in order to prevent them from occurring in the first place. There are several reasons why defects occur.Firstly, defects can be caused by poor design. If a product is not designed properly, it may have flaws that can lead to defects. For example, a poorly designed car may have a faulty brake system that can cause accidents. To prevent defects caused by poor design, it is important to conduct thorough testing and analysis before releasing a product to the market.Secondly, defects can be caused by poor manufacturing processes. If the manufacturing process is not properlycontrolled, defects can occur during production. For example, if a machine is not calibrated correctly, it may produce parts that are not within the required specifications. To prevent defects caused by poor manufacturing processes, it is important to implement quality control measures and regularly check equipment to ensure that it is functioning properly.Thirdly, defects can be caused by human error. Even with the best design and manufacturing processes, defects can occur if people make mistakes. For example, a worker may forget to tighten a bolt or may use the wrong material. To prevent defects caused by human error, it is important to provide proper training and supervision to workers and to have clear procedures and checklists in place.Finally, defects can be caused by external factors, such as environmental conditions or supplier issues. For example, if a supplier provides defective materials, it can lead to defects in the final product. To prevent defects caused by external factors, it is important to have a thorough supplier evaluation process and to monitorenvironmental conditions that may affect production.In conclusion, defects can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor design, poor manufacturing processes, human error, and external factors. To prevent defects, it is important to implement quality control measures, conduct thorough testing and analysis, provide proper training and supervision to workers, and have clear procedures and checklists in place. By addressing the root causes of defects, companies can improve product quality, reduce costs, and increase customer satisfaction.。

光刻缺陷检查培训英文版

Magnifying glass or microscope examination
Use a magnifying glass or microscope to magnify the surface of a wafer for more accurate identification and classification of defects. This method improves the accuracy and reliability of detection, but still requires manual operation.
Traditional defect inspection methods often have limitations in accuracy and efficiency, and cannot meet the needs of modern semiconductor manufacturing Therefore, it is necessary to provide training on literacy defect inspection to improve the ability of inspectors
workspace, and handling of the graphic substructure
02
Chemical factors
Residuals can be caused by the use of cancer chemicals during
processing that may not be completely removed from the
Analysis of lithography

产品质量保证书英文

产品质量保证书英文篇一：产品质量保证书中英文范文Quality GuaranteeADS guarantees that all hardwave and frame component have been carefully manutactured are free from defects in workmanship .and material for a pericel of there (5) years date of purchase.If any product in our judgment prove to detective and talls to perform to spectfication .repiacement witlent costThe customer is totally rresponsible for anydamage .Scratches ang bridge to mate-rids caused byimproper harding installation misses. Megigence .abuse. Firedamage caused by building detects.Acts of God and any other direct to affect its ap-pearance and performance class breakage of any kind of is not covered by this warranty.The product quality complies to European standards ,BS EN653(2021),and EEA Health and Safety Standards.质量保证书艾递斯公司确保其生产的壁橱门，五金件和配件均系经过严格的质量检验。

自购买之日内起（五）年内在正确地使用方法下导致的产品质量问题，本公司将给用户质量维修。

过程FMEA程序-第五版

1.0 目的:/purpose:评估产品/过程中失效的潜在技术风险，分析失效的起因和影响，记录预防和探测措施，针对降低风险的措施提出建议，FMEA形成文件并跟踪这些措施的实施情况，以降低风险。

并介定后续维护中的提出、制订、执行及随后监察其有效性的责任。

Evaluate the potential techincal risks of failure of a product or process,analyze the causes and effects of those failures,document preventive and detection actions,recommend actions to reduce risk，the FMEA documents and tracks actions that are taket to reduce risk, It also defines the responsibilities for the subsequent maintenance of the proposal, formulation, implementation and subsequent monitoring of its effectiveness. 2.0 范围:/Scope:适用于制作流程的检查与预防。

Applicable to the production process of the inspection and prevention.注：根据APQP要求，并针对下述来源所发现的潜在缺陷，应采取相应的预防及纠正行动。

Note:according to the requirements of APQP, and according to the following sources found potential defects, the corresponding preventive and corrective action should be taken. 以前产品认可时发出的偏差纠正；Deviation from the previously approved products when correcting;因设计、标准、物料更改导致产品变化；Product changes caused by design, standard, material changes;使用新指示或物料；Using the new instructions or material;使用新的或优化的工具，包括生产和客户提供的工具；Use new or optimization tools, including production and provide the tools;对原有工具和设备进行过翻新和重新布置；The original tools and equipment for renovation and redecorating生产流程、方法、组装、物流过程发生变动；Production process, method, assembly, logistics process change;工具和设备位置迁移；Tools and equipment location migration;部件、物料或服务的外发加工商变更；Outward processing business changes of parts, materials or services;工具停用一年后再次使用；。

假冒伪劣产品的原因及危害英语作文

假冒伪劣产品的原因及危害英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Causes and Dangers of Counterfeit and Substandard ProductsIn today's globalized marketplace, the prevalence of counterfeit and substandard products has become a significant concern. These illicit goods not only undermine legitimate businesses but also pose severe risks to consumers' health and safety. As a student, I have witnessed firsthand the allure of these cheaper alternatives among my peers, driven by the desire to save money or acquire coveted items. However, it is crucial to understand the root causes of this issue and the grave consequences it can have.One of the primary reasons for the proliferation of counterfeit and substandard products is the prospect of substantial financial gains for those involved in their production and distribution. Unscrupulous manufacturers and sellers are motivated by the potential to make quick profits by circumventing quality controls, safety regulations, andintellectual property rights. By cutting corners and using inferior materials, they can offer products at significantly lower prices than their genuine counterparts, enticing unsuspecting consumers.Moreover, the rise of e-commerce platforms and online marketplaces has inadvertently facilitated the spread of these illicit goods. The anonymity and global reach of the internet have made it easier for counterfeiters to reach a vast audience and evade detection. Consumers, lured by the convenience and perceived bargains, often fail to scrutinize the authenticity and quality of the products they purchase online.Another contributing factor is the lack of consumer awareness and education regarding the risks associated with counterfeit and substandard products. Many individuals, particularly those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, prioritize affordability over quality and safety considerations. The desire to acquire luxury or high-end items at a fraction of the cost can override the potential dangers, leading to impulsive and uninformed purchases.The consequences of this issue are far-reaching and severe. Counterfeit and substandard products can pose serious health and safety risks to consumers. These goods are oftenmanufactured using subpar materials, lacking proper quality control measures, and disregarding safety standards. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals, for instance, may contain incorrect dosages, ineffective ingredients, or even harmful substances, putting people's lives at risk. Likewise, counterfeit electronics, toys, and automotive parts can malfunction or fail, potentially causing injuries or accidents.Beyond the immediate health and safety concerns, the proliferation of counterfeit and substandard products also undermines legitimate businesses and stifles innovation. Counterfeiting erodes the intellectual property rights of companies, discouraging them from investing in research and development. It creates an uneven playing field, wherelaw-abiding businesses struggle to compete with those offering cheaper, albeit inferior, alternatives.Furthermore, the sale of counterfeit goods can have detrimental economic impacts. It deprives governments of tax revenues, undermines job creation in legitimate industries, and potentially funds organized crime and other illicit activities. The counterfeiting industry thrives on exploiting vulnerable populations, perpetuating unethical labor practices, andcontributing to environmental degradation through the improper disposal of hazardous materials.As students, we must recognize our role in combating this issue. Education and awareness are crucial in empowering consumers to make informed decisions and reject counterfeit and substandard products. By understanding the risks associated with these goods and prioritizing quality and safety over mere affordability, we can create a demand for authentic, ethically produced products.Additionally, we should support initiatives aimed at strengthening intellectual property rights, enforcing quality control measures, and cracking down on counterfeit operations. Collaboration between governments, law enforcement agencies, and industry stakeholders is essential in disrupting the supply chains and distribution networks that facilitate the trade of these illicit goods.Moreover, as future professionals and decision-makers, we must embrace ethical business practices and corporate social responsibility. By fostering a culture of integrity and accountability within organizations, we can contribute to the eradication of counterfeit and substandard products from the global marketplace.In conclusion, the prevalence of counterfeit and substandard products is a multifaceted issue with far-reaching consequences. While the allure of affordability may be tempting, we must recognize the grave risks associated with these illicit goods. As students and future leaders, it is our responsibility to educate ourselves, make informed choices, and support efforts to combat this pervasive problem. By prioritizing quality, safety, and ethical practices, we can create a safer and more equitable marketplace for all.篇2The Perils of Fakes: Uncovering the Reasons and Risks of Counterfeit GoodsAs students, we're always on the lookout for a good deal. Whether it's textbooks, electronics, clothing, or the latest sneaker drop, paying full price can put a serious dent in our limited budgets. That's why the temptation of counterfeit products can be so strong – they promise the real deal at a fraction of the cost. But before you get lured in by thosetoo-good-to-be-true prices, it's crucial to understand the factors driving this shady industry and the dangers that come with it. Trust me, you don't want to get burned by a fake.So, what's really behind the counterfeit craze? For starters, there's the pure profit motive. Making knockoffs is a lucrative business for the unscrupulous manufacturers involved. They can produce cheaply made imitations using low-quality materials and sweatshop labor, yet sell them at prices only slightly below the genuine articles. The markup is insane! And with demand for luxury brands and hot products always high, there's a steady stream of customers willing to take the risk for a steal.But it's not just greed fueling this underground economy. In many developing countries grappling with poverty and lacking economic opportunities, the counterfeit trade can seem like one of the only viable ways to make ends meet. From the factories churning out fake merchandise to the street vendors hustling them, this illegal industry is providing incomes to those with very few other options. It's a vicious cycle of supply and demand that's tough to disrupt.Speaking of supply and demand, all those fake Jordans, Guccis and iPhone knockoffs have to come from somewhere, right? You can thank globalization and the internet for making it easier than ever to manufacture and distribute counterfeits worldwide. Global supply chains allow bad actors to sourcecheap materials and labor across borders, while the web serves as an anonymous online bazaar for selling fakes far and wide.And then there are the consumers themselves, including plenty of cash-strapped students like us. Some people are fully aware they're buying knockoffs, but turn a blind eye because of the affordability factor. Others get duped by sophisticated counterfeiters into believing they've scored the real McCoy. In both cases, the perceived prestige and clout of owning elite brands is tough for many to resist – even at the risk of buying fakes.Now that we've explored some of the key forces enabling the counterfeit market to thrive, let's talk about why we should steer well clear of it. Because here's the hard truth – there's no such thing as a "good" knockoff. Besides being illegal, buying counterfeit products is gambling with your safety, finances and ethics.From a quality standpoint, counterfeit goods are pretty much guaranteed to be shoddy and defective. With no regulations or oversight into their production, these bogus products use substandard materials and cut every possible corner. Makeup containing lead, toxic drywall in counterfeit electronics, choking hazards in fake toys – the lack of safetystandards puts your health at serious risk. And that fake designer purse you snagged for cheap? It'll likely start falling apart in months, if not weeks.But the financial perils go well beyond just wasting your money on a crummy product. If you get caught buying knockoffs, you could face hefty fines or even prosecution in some cases. Many universities have strict codes prohibiting the possession of counterfeit goods on campus, with penalties like suspension or expulsion for violators. Moreover, using pirated software, videos or games can open you up to crippling malware infections and data breaches. Talk about a bad deal!The ethical considerations are just as troubling. By purchasing counterfeits, you're supporting criminal enterprises involved in other illicit activities like money laundering, human trafficking and drug smuggling. There are links between counterfeit operations and terrorist organizations using the profits to fund extremism. Kid want to fight forced labor? Then stop buying knockoffs made in unspeakable sweatshop conditions.From an economic perspective, counterfeit goods represent a collective drain on legitimate businesses, tax revenues, jobs and innovation. It's estimated that counterfeiting could drain 4.2trillion from the global economy and put 5.4 million legitimate jobs at risk each year. Why support an industry that hurts everyone just to save a few bucks?At the end of the day, knockoffs aren't the bargain they seem. As students and young people still forging our values, we have to think about the full costs. Is saving money today worth compromising our principles, personal integrity and very safety? I'd argue the real price of fakes is far too high.We've got to become more conscious consumers, educating ourselves and each other on this important issue. Let's spend our hard-earned money on genuine products made ethically and scrutinize deals that seem too sweet. Let's be mindful of the human toll and hurt inflicted by the counterfeit industry. And let's remember that by rejecting counterfeits, we reject the ills that make them possible – greed, exploitation, criminality.At the end of the day, being able to afford the real brands and products we want is a privilege, one that comes through hard work and patience. Instead of gambling on fakes, we should take pride in the genuine items we earn through perseverance. Because while knockoffs will always be alluring, being able to afford the authentic is the ultimate flex.篇3The Perilous World of Fakes: Causes and Consequences of Counterfeit GoodsAs students, we're always on the lookout for a good deal, seeking to stretch our hard-earned cash as far as possible. However, in the pursuit of bargains, we may inadvertently stumble into the murky realm of counterfeit goods – a world rife with deception, danger, and far-reaching consequences. It's a territory we must navigate with utmost caution, for the allure of cheap imitations can blind us to the severe risks they pose.The proliferation of counterfeit products is a multifaceted issue, fueled by a complex interplay of economic, social, and ethical factors. At its core lies the insatiable human desire for status symbols and luxury items at a fraction of their genuine cost. Counterfeiters exploit this craving, offering convincing replicas that promise the prestige of high-end brands without the exorbitant price tag.Moreover, in regions plagued by poverty and lack of economic opportunities, the counterfeit trade can seem like a tempting avenue for survival. Impoverished individuals may turn to peddling fake goods as a means of subsistence, oblivious orindifferent to the broader ramifications of their actions. This vicious cycle perpetuates a parallel economy built on deception, one that undermines legitimate businesses and erodes consumer trust.However, the consequences of engaging with counterfeit products extend far beyond the realm of mere financial loss. These goods pose severe threats to our health, safety, and even our lives. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals, for instance, can contain hazardous substances or incorrect dosages, putting consumers at risk of adverse reactions, treatment failures, or even death. Fake cosmetics and personal care products may harbor toxic ingredients, causing skin irritations, allergic reactions, orlong-term health issues.The dangers don't stop there. Counterfeit electronics, from smartphones to chargers and batteries, can be a ticking time bomb, prone to malfunctions, short circuits, and even explosions. These products often lack proper safety certifications and quality controls, jeopardizing not only our devices but also our physical well-being.Furthermore, the production and distribution of counterfeit goods frequently intersect with organized crime syndicates, fostering a breeding ground for illicit activities such as humantrafficking, drug smuggling, and money laundering. By inadvertently supporting these operations, we may be perpetuating human rights abuses, exploitative labor practices, and the erosion of ethical standards on a global scale.Beyond the immediate risks, the counterfeit industry inflicts profound economic damage. Legitimate businesses lose substantial revenue, hampering their ability to innovate, invest in research and development, and create employment opportunities. Governments suffer from diminished tax revenues, hindering their capacity to fund essential public services and infrastructure. Entire industries can be crippled, stifling economic growth and hampering progress.As students, we must confront the harsh realities of the counterfeit trade and recognize our role in combating this insidious practice. Education is paramount – we need to foster awareness of the dangers posed by fake goods and cultivate a deeper appreciation for the value of genuine, ethically-sourced products. By making informed choices and rejecting the temptation of bargain-basement counterfeits, we can collectively starve the counterfeit industry of its lifeblood: consumer demand.Moreover, we should leverage our voices and platforms to advocate for stronger intellectual property rights, stringentanti-counterfeiting laws, and robust enforcement mechanisms. By supporting initiatives that crack down on counterfeit operations and hold perpetrators accountable, we can disrupt the supply chain and deter those who seek to profit from illicit activities.Simultaneously, we must address the socioeconomic factors that drive individuals towards the counterfeit trade. Promoting inclusive economic opportunities, alleviating poverty, and fostering ethical entrepreneurship can provide viable alternatives to those who might otherwise resort to peddling fake goods out of desperation.In our academic pursuits, we should embrace a culture of integrity and respect for intellectual property. Plagiarism, unauthorized file-sharing, and the use of pirated software or materials not only undermine the efforts of creators and innovators but also erode the foundations of trust and ethical conduct that underpin academic excellence.The battle against counterfeit goods is a collective endeavor, one that demands our unwavering commitment and vigilance. As future leaders, entrepreneurs, and responsible citizens, wehave a moral obligation to uphold ethical standards and protect the integrity of the products we consume and the industries we support.By acknowledging the grave consequences of counterfeit goods and taking proactive steps to combat this pernicious trade, we can forge a path towards a safer, more prosperous, and ethically-sound future. It is a challenge that demands our resolve, our ingenuity, and our steadfast commitment to upholding the values of authenticity, integrity, and social responsibility.In the end, the choice is ours – to succumb to the allure of cheap imitations or to stand firmly against the scourge of counterfeiting, safeguarding not only our well-being but also the foundations of a fair, ethical, and sustainable global economy. Let us embrace the latter path, for it is the only way to preserve the genuine, the authentic, and the enduring essence of our shared human experience.。

钣金件模具在冲压进程中的变形剖析

钣金件模具在冲压进程中的变形剖析摘要：随着科技的进步，机械制造业的快速发展，模具已经成为国民工业的基础性分支。

板料成形技术是最重要的金属成形方法之一，广泛应用于工业领域。

钣金加工精度要求较高，模具变形成为影响工件成形质量的重要因素。

造成产品质量缺陷的因素较多，只有认真分析产生的各项原因，才能有针对性的维修生产中出现的模具故障，解决好冲压模具的这些主要问题，保证生产工艺的高效实施。

关键词：模具变形；冲压；失效形式abstract: with the progress of science and technology, mechanical manufacturing of rapid development, mould has become the foundation of the national industrial branch. sheet metal forming technology is the most important metal forming one of the ways, widely used in industrial field. sheet metal processing higher accuracy, mould deformation become influence the quality of the forming factors. product quality defects caused by many factors, only careful analysis of the reasons have to targeted maintenance production appeared in the mould fault, solve the main problems of the stamping die, ensure the effective implementation of the production process.keywords: mold deformation; stamping; failure forms中图分类号：f407.4文献标识码：a 文章编号：1 前言模具是一种使用量大，适用面广的工具产品，模具工业的进步对各种类型的产品的生产都有十分重要的意义。

产品保修承诺书英语

Product Warranty StatementThank you for choosing our product. We are confident in the quality and performance of our product and are committed to providing you with the best service and support possible. To demonstrate our confidence in our product, we offer the following warranty statement.Warranty CoverageOur product is covered by a warranty for a period of one year from the date of purchase. This warranty covers defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. If you find any defects in materials or workmanship during the warranty period, we will repair or replace the product free of charge.Warranty ExclusionsThis warranty does not cover:1.Damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse, or negligence.2.Damage caused by unauthorized repair or modification.3.Damage caused by use of the product in a manner other than itsintended use.4.Normal wear and tear of the product.Warranty Claim ProcedureIf you need to make a warranty claim, please follow these steps:1.Contact our customer service department by phone or email to obtaina Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number.2.Pack the product carefully and include all accessories anddocumentation.3.Write the RMA number on the outside of the package.4.Ship the package to the address provided by our customer servicedepartment.Once we receive the product, we will inspect it and determine whether it is covered under the warranty. If it is covered, we will repair or replace the product and return it to you at no cost. If it is not covered, we will contact you to discuss your options.Limitation of LiabilityOur liability under this warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of the product as described above. We are not liable for any incidental or consequential damages, including but not limited to loss of use, loss of profits, or loss of data.ConclusionWe hope you enjoy using our product and find it to be of the highest quality and performance. We stand behind our product and are committed to your satisfaction. If you have any questions or concerns about your product, please don’t hes itate to contact us.Thank you for choosing our product.Sincerely,[Your Company Name]。

产品质量保证书英文

产品质量保证书英文【篇一：产品质量保证书中英文范文】quality guaranteeads guarantees that all hardwave and frame component have been carefully manutactured are free from defects in workmanship .and material for a pericel of there (5) years date of purchase.if any product in our judgment prove to detective and talls to perform to spectfication .repiacement witlent costthe customer is totally rresponsible for any damage .scratches ang bridge to mate-rids caused byimproper harding installation misses. megigence .abuse. firedamage caused by building detects.acts of god and any other direct to affect its ap-pearance and performance class breakage of any kind of is not covered by this warranty.the product quality complies to european standards ,bsen653(1997),and eea health and safety standards.质量保证书艾递斯公司保证其生产的壁橱门，五金件和配件均系经过严格的质量检验。

自购买之日内起（五）年内在正确地使用方法下导致的产品质量问题，本公司将给用户质量维修。

客户抱怨及 RMA 处理程序

※※目录※※1时效内完成客户抱怨及RMA 处理，通过发掘问题真因并实施针对性矫正及预防，使客怨及RMA 需求得以及时有效处理并预防再发，以持续稳定产品品质，达成客户满意及持续改善。

To resolve a customer’s complaint or RMA request and prevent its recurrence, including completion of a thorough root cause analysis and the implementation of all corrective and preventive actions defined, within a defined time period that is no longer than our customer expects, so that continual improvement can be demonstrated and both product quality and the satisfaction of its customers can be maintained consistently high.2、范围(Scope)凡客户对本事业单位(以下简称本公司) 於产品开发送样阶段及量产阶段之产品品质、环境管理、交期及产品保固等方面所产生之抱怨处理作业及RMA 作业均属之。

It is applicable to all customer complaints and RMA concerning product quality, environmentsubstances to be controlled (hereinafter referred to as the controlled substances), delivery date and product warranty during product development, sample submission, mass production and series production in our business unit (hereinafter referred to as our company).3、参考文件(Reference Documents)3.1《记录管理程序》FPR00-0023.2《持续性改善程序》FPQ00-0013.3《不合格品管制程序》FPQ00-0033.4《矫正与预防措施程序》FPQ00-0043.5《成品检验入库管制程序》FPQ00-0193.6《新产品导入作业程序》FPM00-0063.7《失效模式与效应分析作业程序》 FPR00-0053.8《NTF处置规范》FDPWQA-0113.9 《Diagnosis on components-Warranty parts》GS 95004 (BMW客户文件)4、定义(Definition)4.1 客户：接受本公司产品、服务的组织或个人，包括外部客户及鸿海集团内交客户。

热轧铝粉导致的黑条缺陷分析及对策

2020年 2月下世界有色金属11冶金冶炼M etallurgical smelting近几年随着国民经济的发展和市场的激烈竞争，客户对铝板带的表面质量和外观要求都越来越高[1]。

这对铝合金板带生产企业，提出了更高的质量控制要求。

在铝合金板带热轧过程中，黑条是最常见的表面缺陷之一，严重影响产品表面质量。

本文将着重探讨铝合金板带热轧过程中，因过多的铝粉导致的黑条缺陷，进行原因分析，以及根据实际经验提出有效的改善对策。

1 黑条缺陷描述1.1 黑条缺陷概述热轧卷厚度5.0~6.0mm，在热轧卷上未发现明显黑条、污垢等缺陷，但经过3~4道次冷轧后的成品（厚度1.0~1.5mm），典型黑条缺陷形貌如图1所示，黑条缺陷一般宽度10~30mm，长度100~300mm，颜色较浅，表面无破损，触摸无手感，酒精等溶剂擦拭不消除，在铝卷的宽度和长度方向间断性分布没有明显规律，上下表面都有。

1.2 黑条缺陷样品分析取缺陷样品，进行能谱分析，比对黑条缺陷部位与正常部位成分，结果见表1。

表1 能谱分析结果成分/%C O Mg Al Si 缺陷部位 5.9831.180.6960.91 1.24正常部位5.830.910.6692.490.11缺陷部位相比正常轧制部位，主要氧元素含量增加，铝元素含量降低，其他C、Mg、Si 元素无明显变化。

使用扫描电镜分析缺陷部位与正常部位，结果分别见图2、图3。

热轧铝粉导致的黑条缺陷分析及对策宁金华（奥科宁克（昆山）铝业有限公司，江苏　昆山　２１５３３２）摘要：铝合金热轧过程中因摩擦产生大量铝粉，如果过多的铝粉不加于控制，很容易在铝板带表面形成黑条缺陷，影响最终产品表面质量，导致批量不良。

本文主要分析因热轧铝粉过多导致的黑条缺陷，分析其产生的根本原因，并从乳液过滤、轧机清洁和工艺控制等方面入手，并给出行之有效的解决方案。

关键词：黑条，黑线，铝合金热轧，　铝粉中图分类号：ＴＧ３３９文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１００２－５０６５（２０２０）０４－００１１－２Analysis and Countermeasures of black strip defects caused by aluminum powder on the hot rolling surfaceNING Jin-hua（Ａｒｃｏｎｉｃ　（Ｋｕｎｓｈａｎ）　Ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ　Ｃｏ．，　Ｌｔｄ，　Ｋｕｎｓｈａｎ　２１５３３２，　Ｃｈｉｎａ）Abstract ：Ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ　ｏｆ　ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　ａｌｌｏｙ　ｈｏｔ　ｒｏｌｌｉｎｇ，　ａ　ｌａｒｇｅ　ａｍｏｕｎｔ　ｏｆ　ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　ｐｏｗｄｅｒ　ｉｓ　ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ　ｄｕｅ　ｔｏ　ｆｒｉｃｔｉｏｎ．　Ｉｆ　ｔｏｏ　ｍｕｃｈ　ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　ｐｏｗｄｅｒ　ｉｓ　ｎｏｔ　ａｄｄｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ，　ｉｔ　ｉｓ　ｅａｓｙ　ｔｏ　ｆｏｒｍ　ｂｌａｃｋ　ｓｔｒｉｐ　ｄｅｆｅｃｔｓ　ｏｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｏｆ　ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　ｐｌａｔｅ　ａｎｄ　ｓｔｒｉｐ，　ｗｈｉｃｈ　ｗｉｌｌ　ａｆｆｅｃｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｆｉｎａｌ　ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ，　ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇ　ｉｎ　ｐｏｏｒ　ｂａｔｃｈ．　Ｔｈｉｓ　ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ　ｍａｉｎｌｙ　ａｎａｌｙｚｅｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｂｌａｃｋ　ｂａｒ　ｄｅｆｅｃｔｓ　ｃａｕｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｏｖｅｒ　ｈｏｔ　ｒｏｌｌｉｎｇ　ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　ｐｏｗｄｅｒ，　ａｎａｌｙｚｅｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇ　ｃａｕｓｅｓ，　ａｎｄ　ｓｔａｒｔｓ　ｆｒｏｍ　ｔｈｅ　ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ　ｏｆ　ｅｍｕｌｓｉｏｎ　ｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ，　ｒｏｌｌｉｎｇ　ｍｉｌｌ　ｃｌｅａｎｉｎｇ　ａｎｄ　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ　ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ，　ａｎｄ　ｇｉｖｅｓ　ａｎ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ　ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｒｉｐ．Key words ：Ｂｌａｃｋ　ｓｔｒｉｐ，　ｂｌａｃｋ　ｌｉｎｅ，　ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　ａｌｌｏｙ　ｈｏｔ　ｒｏｌｌｉｎｇ，　ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍ　ｐｏｗｅｒ收稿时间：２０２０－０２作者简介：宁金华，男，江苏启东人，生于１９８１年３月，本科，冶金工程师，主要研究方向：铝合金钎焊板热轧复合工艺及质量。

美国法学会《侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编》

美国法学会《侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编》（条文翻译校对稿）王竹四川大学法学院副教授Restatement of the Law, Third, Torts: Products Liability (Black Letters)Copyright © 1998 by The American Law Institute说明：本译本仅系为中国《侵权责任法》起草研究、参考目的，根据肖永平、龚乐凡、汪雪飞译，肖永平审校：《侵权法重述第三版：产品责任》，法律出版社2006年版译本校对而成，仅供个人学习、研究参考之用，请勿用于其他任何目的，后果自负。

相关译文具体细节请参见注释。

第一章基于销售时产品缺陷的商业产品销售者责任Chapter 1- Liability of Commercial Product Sellers Based on Product Defects at Time of Sale主题1普遍适用于产品的责任规则Topic 1- Liability Rules Applicable to Products Generally§1.商业销售者或者分发者因缺陷产品导致损害的责任从事产品销售或者以其他方式分发[1]的经营者，销售或者分发缺陷产品，应对该缺陷所造成的人身或者财产损害承担责任。

1 Liability of Commercial Seller or Distributor for Harm Caused by Defective ProductsOne engaged in the business of selling or otherwise distributing products who sells or distributes a defective product is subject to liability for harm to persons or property caused by the defect.§2.产品缺陷的种类产品在销售或者分发时，包含制造缺陷，设计存在缺陷，或者因为说明或警示不充分而存在缺陷，则该产品存在缺陷。

ESD监视程序(中英文版本)

XX Industrial Limited1. PurposeUsing wrist strap tester to quickly and easily check grounding systems; Eliminates product defects caused by static electricity。

目的使用手腕帶快速檢查接地系統；排除產品由於靜電導致的損壞。

2. ScopeApplicable to all the related activities from ESD objects in XX Industrial Ltd. (IncludingIQC\QA\LAB\Production line)。

範圍適用于XX公司範圍內的所有ESD活動區域(包括IQC\QA\LAB\生產線)。

3. Responsibility3.1 QA manager & Eng. manager: Be responsible for monitoring ESD system establishment, management and running and maintaining;3.2 IQC\QA\LAB\PQC inspectors are responsible for monitoring ESD every day。

職責QA經理&工程經理：負責監視ESD系統的建立，管理，執行跟維護；IQC\QA\LAB\PQC負責每天對ESD進程監測。

4. TrainingAccess to EPA shall be limited to personnel who have completed appropriate ESD training. Untrained individuals shall be escorted by trained personnel while in an EPA;All new employees to work in EPA will not start work until being trained ESD knowledge and verified eligible; All personnel who are likely to contact ESDS items should be re-trained in the regular period。

假冒伪劣产品的原因及危害英语作文

假冒伪劣产品的原因及危害英语作文英文回答：Counterfeit products are prevalent in today's marketplace, posing a significant threat to consumers, businesses, and the economy as a whole. These ersatz goods are intentionally manufactured and sold to deceive buyers into believing they are purchasing genuine products. The reasons behind the proliferation of counterfeit products are multifaceted, while the consequences can be far-reaching.Causes of Counterfeiting:1. High Profit Margins: Counterfeiting offers substantial profit margins for illicit manufacturers. The low cost of production, coupled with the ability to sell the products at near-genuine prices, makes counterfeiting an attractive undertaking.2. Lax Enforcement: In many jurisdictions, penalties for counterfeiting are insufficient or inconsistently enforced. This lack of deterrence emboldens counterfeiters to operate with impunity.3. Technological Advancements: Advances in manufacturing and printing technologies have lowered the barriers to entry for counterfeiters. They can now produce goods that are increasingly difficult to distinguish from genuine products.4. Online Marketplaces: E-commerce platforms have facilitated the distribution of counterfeit products on a global scale. Buyers can access a vast selection of counterfeit goods at competitive prices, often without realizing the illicit nature of the products.5. Consumer Demand: Some consumers knowingly purchase counterfeit products due to perceived cost savings or status signaling. This demand fuels the production and distribution of fake goods.Consequences of Counterfeiting:1. Consumer Safety: Counterfeit products often lack the safety standards and quality controls of genuine products. This can pose significant risks to consumers, particularly when it comes to products like pharmaceuticals, electronics, and consumer goods.2. Economic Losses: Counterfeiting deprives legitimate businesses of revenue, leading to job losses and reduced economic growth. It also undermines fair competition, as counterfeiters unfairly profit from the reputation and innovation of genuine manufacturers.3. Damage to Intellectual Property: Counterfeiting violates intellectual property rights by infringing on trademarks, patents, and copyrights. This undermines incentives for innovation and creativity, harmingindustries that rely on the protection of intellectual property.4. Reputational Damage: Counterfeit products can erodethe reputation of legitimate brands. When consumers purchase counterfeit goods, they may develop a negative perception of the genuine brands, even if they are not aware of the counterfeit nature of the product.5. Environmental Concerns: Some counterfeit manufacturing processes use hazardous materials and contribute to pollution. This poses environmental and health risks for both workers and the general public.中文回答：假冒产品的原因：1. 高利润率，造假者可以通过低成本生产和高溢价销售，获得巨大的利润。

2010 国际管道会议(IPC2010)--(一)

2010国际管道会议（IPC2010）--(一)国际管道会议（IPC）是一个不以营利为目的，旨在提供信息，启发和激励业界人士的会议。

它已经成为国际知名的世界一流的管道会议。

第八届国际管道会议（IPC2010）于2010年9月27日至10月1号在加拿大卡尔加里成功举办。

来自世界各地的管道业界人士参加了此次会议。

此次会议由代表国际石油和天然气公司，生产，输送和分配企业，能源和管道协会及各国政府的志愿者主办。

会议于周一（9月27日）开始，举行了相关关键领域的讲座。

9月28日上午到周五（10月1日），举行了专题研讨。

为提高与会者听取和参与他们所选择的主题领域的业界领袖的探讨的机会，会议组织者将会议论文分成了14个技术专题。

包括：专题1：采集管道专题2：项目管理专题3：设计与施工专题4：环境专题5：地理信息系统/数据库开发专题6：设施完整性管理专题7：管道完整性管理专题8：材料及连接专题9：运营和维修专题10：管线自动化与量测专题11：北极和海洋管线环境专题12：基于应变的设计专题13：风险与可靠性专题14：标准及法规专题1：采集管道（5篇论文，摘要如下）IPC2010-31092 THE ALBERTA EXPERIENCE WITH COMPOSITE PIPES IN PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTS David W. Grzyb, R.E.T., P.L.(Eng.)Energy Resources Conservation BoardCalgary, Alberta, CanadaABSTRACTThe Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) is the quasi-judicial agency that is responsible for regulating the development of Alberta’s energy resources. Its mandate is to ensure that the discovery, development, and delivery of Alberta’s energy resources takes place in a manner that is safe, fair, responsible, and in the public interest. The ERCB’s responsibilities include the regulation of over 400,000 km of high-pressure oil and gas pipelines, the majority of which is production field pipeline.ERCB regulations require pipeline licensees to report all pipeline failures, regardless of consequence, and thus a comprehensive data set exists pertaining to the failure frequency and failure causes of its regulated pipelines. Analysis has shown that corrosion is consistently the predominant cause of failure in steel production pipeline systems. Corrosion-resistant materials, such as fibre-composite pipe, thermoplastic pipe, and plastic-lined pipe have long been explored as alternatives to steel pipe, and have in fact been used in various forms for many years. The ERCB has encouraged the use of such materials where appropriate and has co-operated with licensees to allow the use of various types of new pipeline systems on an experimental basis, subject to technical assessment, service limitations, and periodic performance evaluations.This paper will review the types of composite pipe materials that have been used in Alberta, and present statistical data on the length of composite pipe in place, growth trends, failure causes and failure frequency. As the purpose of using alternative materials is to improve upon the performance history of steel, a comparison will be done to determine if that goal is being achieved.IPC2010-31138 MANAGING INTEGRITY OF UNDERGROUND FIBERGLASS PIPELINESChuntao Deng*Husky Energy, Calgary, AB, Canada Gabriel SalamancaHusky Energy,Calgary, AB, CanadaMonica SantanderHusky Energy,Calgary, B,CanadaABSTRACTThe majority of Husky’s fiberglass pipelines in Canada have been usedoil gathering systems to carry corrosive substances. When properly designedinstalled, fiberglass pipelines can be maintenance-free (i.e., no requirements for corrosion inhibition and cathodic protection, etc.) However, similar to many other upstream producers, Husky has experienced frequent fiberglass pipeline failures.A pipeline risk assessment was conducted using a load resistance methodology for the likelihood assessment. Major threats and resistance-to-failure attributes were identified.The significance of each threat and resistance attribute, such as type and grade of pipe, and construction methods (e.g., joining, backfill, and riser connection) were analyzed based on failure statistical correlations. The risk assessment concluded that the most significant threat is construction activity interfering with the existing fiberglass pipe zone embedment. The most important resistance attribute to a fiberglass pipeline failure is appropriate bedding, backfill and compaction, especially at tie-in points. Proper backfilling provides most resistance to ground settlement, frost-heaving, thaw-unstable soil, or pipe movement due to residual stress or thermal, and pressure shocks.A technical analysis to identify risk mitigation options with the support of fiberglass pipe supplier and distributors was conducted. To reduce the risk of fiberglass pipeline failures, a formal backfill review process was adopted; and a general pipeline tie-in/repair procedure checklist was developed and incorporated into the maintenance procedure manual to improve the workmanship quality. Proactive mitigation options were also investigated to prevent failures on high risk fiberglass pipelines.IPC2010-31196 ASSESSMENT OF CORROSION RATES FOR DEVELOPING RBIs ANDIMPs FOR PRODUCTION PIPELINESLyudmila V. Poluyan, Sviatoslav A. TimashevScience and Engineering Center “Reliability and Safety of Large Systems” Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620049, RussiaABSTRACTCorrosion rates (CRs) for defect parameters are playing a crucial role in creating an optimal integrity management plan (IMP) for production pipelines (well piping, inter-field pipes, cross country flow lines, and facility piping) with a thinning web and/or growing defects. CRs are indispensible when assessing the remaining strength, probability of failure (POF) and reliability of a production piping/pipeline with defect(s), and permit assessing the time to reaching an ultimate permissible POF, a limit state, or time to actual failure of the leak/rupture type. The CRs are also needed when creating a risk based pipeline inspection (RBI) plan, which is at the core of a sound IMP. The paper briefly describes the state of the art and current problems inquality of direct assessment (DA) and in-line inspection (ILI) tocomprehensive CR models are listed and formulated. Since corrosion or, in general, deterioration of pipelines is a stochastic time dependent process, the best way to assess pipeline state is to monitor the growth of its defects and/or thinning of its web. Currently the pipeline industry is using such methods as electric resistivity probes (ERP), corrosion samples (CS) and weight loss coupons (WLC) to define the CR for pipelines which transport extremely corrosive substances, or are located in a corrosive environment. Additionally, inhibitors are used to bring the CR to an acceptable level. In this setting the most reliable methods which permit assessment of CRs with needed accuracy and consistency, are probabilistic methods. The paper describes a practical method of predicting the probabilistic growth of the defect parameters using the readings of separated in time different DA or ILI measurements, using the two-level control policy [1]. The procedure of constructing the probability density functions (PDFs) of the defect parameters as functions of time, linear/nonlinear CR growth, and the initial size of the defects is presented. Their use when creating an RBI plan and IMP based on time dependent reliability of pipelines with defects is demonstrated in two illustrative cases - a production pipeline carrying crude oil, and a pipeline subject to internal CO2 corrosion.IPC2010-31337 INTEGRATION OF PIPELINE SPECIFICATIONS, MATERIAL, ANDCONSTRUCTION DATA – A CASE STUDYJeffery E Hambrook WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Calgary Division Calgary, Alberta,CanadaDouglas A Buchanan Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Edmonton,Alberta, CanadaABSTRACTThis paper introduces the concept of a Pipe Data Log (Pipe Log). The idea is not new but a Pipe Log is rarely created for new pipeline projects. A Pipe Log is frequently created as part of the post-construction process and is intended for Integrity purposes. However, creating and populating the Pipe Log as construction proceeds can provide multiple benefits: Progress of all aspects of construction can be tracked.Anomalies in data received can be identified immediately and rectified before the project proceeds. Missing information can be captured before the project iscompleted and crews are demobilized. The field engineer can compare with designto verify that the project is being constructed as it was designed. Whenconstruction is complete the Pipe Log will be as well. WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd., acting as Colt Engineering, worked on behalf of Enbridge Pipelines Inc. and created a detailed Pipe Data Log for the Canadian portion of the Southern Lights LSrthe location of each pipe segment, welds performed, material, terrain,protection, and testing was recorded. The Pipe Data Log is excellent for auditing data as the information is being entered. Information collected by the surveyor can be matched to that provided by the pipe mill and by weld and NDE inspectors. Missing or questionable information can be corrected during construction much easier than post-construction. At post-construction, the Pipe Log allows the Integrity team to quickly determine if there are other areas of concern that have similar properties to another problem area.IPC2010-31570 LOW CYCLE FATIGUE OF CORRODED PIPES UNDER CYCLIC BENDINGAND INTERNAL PRESSUREMarcelo Igor Lourenço Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiroCOPPE - Ocean Engineering Dept.Rio de Janeiro, RJ BrazilTheodoro A. Netto Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiroCOPPE - Ocean Engineering Dept.Rio de Janeiro, RJ BrazilABSTRACTCorroded pipes for oil transportation can eventually experience low cycle fatigue failure after some years of operation. The evaluation of the defects caused by corrosion in these pipes is important when deciding for the repair of the line or continuity in operation. Under normal operational conditions, these pipes are subject to constant internal pressure and cyclic load due to bending and/or tension. Under such loading conditions, the region in the pipes with thickness reduction due to corrosion could experience the phenomenon known as ratcheting. The objective of this paper is to present a revision of the available numerical models to treat the ratcheting phenomenon. Experimental tests were developed allowing the evaluation of occurrence of ratcheting in corroded pipes under typical operational load conditions as well as small-scale cyclic tests to obtain the material parameters. Numerical and experimental tests results are compared.（来源：焊管学术委员会）。

模具行业英语词汇大全

模具行业英语词汇大全IntroductionThe Mold Industry is a crucial sector in the manufacturing industry. It plays a vital role in the production of various products across different industries. To effectively communicate and understand the nuances of the mold industry, it is essential to have a good grasp of the English vocabulary related to this sector. In this document, we have compiled a comprehensive list of English vocabulary related to the mold industry.Mold Industry Vocabulary1. Mold Types•Injection Mold: A mold used in the injection molding process to create plastic or metal products.•Blow Mold: A mold used to manufacture hollow plastic or glass products by the blow molding process.•Compression Mold: A mold used in the compression molding process to produce rubber or composites.•Thermoforming Mold: A mold used in the thermoforming process to shape plastic sheets into products.•Rotational Mold: A mold used in the rotational molding process to create hollow plastic products.2. Mold Components•Cavity: The hollow space in a mold where the product is formed.•Core: The solid or movable part of a mold used to create the inner shape of a product.•Ejector Pins: Pins used to push the product out of the mold cavity.•Sprue: The channel through which molten material is injected into the mold.•Runner: Channels that allow the flow of molten material from the sprue to the cavity.•Gate: The narrow opening through which molten material enters the cavity.•Vent: Small gaps or holes in the mold to allow the escape of r, gas, or excess material.•Cooling System: Channels or components that help in controlling and mntning proper mold temperature.•Mold Base: The bottom part of the mold that provides support and stability.3. Mold Making Process•Design: The initial stage of creating a mold where product specifications are translated into a mold design.•Prototyping: The process of creating a physical model of the mold to validate its design and functionality.•Milling: The process of removing excess material from the mold using a milling machine.•Turning: The process of shaping the mold components by rotating them on a lathe machine.•Grinding: The process of refining mold components using an abrasive wheel or tool.•EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining): A process used to create intricate shapes in a mold using electrical sparks.•Polishing: The process of smoothing the surfaces of mold components to achieve a high-quality finish.•Assembly: The final stage of mold making where all the components are put together to form a complete mold.•Testing: The process of checking the functionality of the mold by producing sample products.4. Mold Mntenance and Repr•Cleaning: The process of removing dirt, residue, and contaminants from the mold surface.•Reconditioning: Restoring the mold to its original condition by repring or replacing damaged components.•Lubrication: Applying lubricant to the mold components to reduce friction and extend their lifespan.•Troubleshooting: Identifying and fixing issues or problems that occur during mold operation.•Preventive Mntenance: Regular upkeep and inspections to prevent potential mold flures or breakdowns.5. Mold Testing and Quality Control•Dimensional Analysis: Checking the dimensions of the product produced by the mold to ensure accuracy.•Tolerance: The allowable variation in dimensions for the product.•Defect: An imperfection or flaw in the product caused by the mold or manufacturing process.•Quality Control: The process of monitoring and controlling the quality of products produced by the mold.•Inspection: The systematic examination of products to identify any defects or non-conformities.•Evaluation: Assessing the performance and functionality of the mold and its products.•Documentation: Mntning records of test results, quality control procedures, and other related data.ConclusionThis comprehensive list of English vocabulary related to the mold industry will be beneficial for anyone involved in the moldmanufacturing or mold usage process. By having a good understanding of these terms, you will be able to communicate effectively, understand technical discussions, and navigate the complexities of the mold industry.。

产品有压伤怎么办

产品有压伤怎么办如是跳屎,料带有批锋出来的小屎压伤,那要考虑间隙的问题.如是成形的压伤要考虑成形公的圆弧以及成形公的间隙.检查下原材料上边是不是有废料，因为我们公司以前也出现过这样的问题，就是原材料上有编织带的废屑。

还有间隙的文题。

1,凹凸模刃口有损坏.2,凹凸模间隙不合理.3,加风枪.将冲公做成V型压伤是冲压生产的常见问题,一般压伤的原因有以下几种1.跳屑2.下料刀口与冲子间隙不对,产生下料粉屑3.接刀处设计不合理,易生粉屑4.原材料质量生产中加吹气治标不治本,关键还是要找准原因,彻底解决最好的办法就是考虑怎么保证冲裁间隙，其他都是假的！可以把冲头磨成V形.分级冲压.不过如果是折弯的话可以做成滚轴来成形!建议：１：首先检查模具的稳定性，检查是不是结构的问题；２：检查零部件的装配是否出现问题，检查各个环节的装配技术参数要求；３：再检查排废的合理性．４：确认了真正的原因后再修改和防止问题的发生．是不是脱料板的间隙大,冲头有摆动,造成时好时坏的现象,间隙不正时,会产生披锋,披锋掉下时,会压伤产品,吹是不能解决问题的.再就是原材料的问题.间隙过小也不行,凸模磨损后有没有全磨出来也不行,都会有这种现象一般工模剪口的好坏与材料硬度和上公下模间隙及加工精度(光洁度)都有密切的关系.而产品生产中出现压伤多数和剪口上带有的金属硫台有直接关系.其次上面各位楼主谈的几方面原因.可以从工模剪口着手解决,提高线割加工精度.有条件的话线割加工完后再进行研磨抛光处理.保证剪囗(上公下模)间的光洁度(减小两者间的摩擦力)消除金属硫台出现.有一个问题不知道大家注意了没有,压伤象小虫子,有很大的可能是间隙太小,二次剪切造成的,材料1.2毫米厚,应该很容易观察到材料的剪段面的分布状况,就可一判断是不是间隙的问题了,如果是的话可以把间隙加大到8-10%.还有可能是冲头冲切磨损出现台阶,将磨损变小的部分全部修掉就可以了.就这样吧,希望对你有帮助.哦,模具零件的褪磁也很重要!請檢查一下剪口鑲件和公的材料,改為硬質合金鋼(如鎢鋼),肯定有明顯的改善! 我认为关键还是模具的间隙和刀口的磨损产生的。

美国法学会《侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编》

相关译文具体细节请参见注释。

产品批量异常事故调查报告

产品批量异常事故调查报告英文回答：Product Mass Defect Incident Investigation Report.Executive Summary.On [date], it was discovered that a significant number of units within the [product name] product line exhibited a critical defect that rendered them unusable.An immediate investigation was launched to determine the root cause of the defect and to implement corrective actions to prevent its recurrence.This report outlines the findings of the investigation, including the identified root cause, corrective actions taken, and recommendations to enhance product quality and reliability.Incident Description.The defect was first reported by [name] on [date], who observed that several units within their facility exhibited [symptoms of defect].Subsequent reports from other customers confirmed the widespread nature of the issue, with affected units accounting for approximately [percentage]% of the total production batch.The defect prevented the affected units from performing their intended function, resulting insignificant financial losses and customer dissatisfaction.Root Cause Analysis.A multidisciplinary team was assembled to conduct a thorough investigation into the root cause of the defect.The team examined the affected units, reviewed production records, and interviewed personnel involved inthe manufacturing process.The investigation revealed that the defect was caused by [root cause].Specifically, [further explanation of root cause].Corrective Actions.To address the immediate issue, all affected units were recalled from the field and either repaired or replaced.The manufacturing process was revised to eliminate the root cause of the defect.New quality control measures were implemented to prevent the recurrence of similar issues in the future.Recommendations.To enhance product quality and reliability, thefollowing recommendations were made:Establish a more rigorous quality control program with increased sampling and testing.Implement a root cause analysis protocol for all product defects.Provide regular training for production personnel on quality control procedures.Conclusion.The product mass defect investigation identified the root cause of the defect and implemented corrective actions to prevent its recurrence.Recommendations were also made to enhance product quality and reliability.By implementing these findings, the company can significantly reduce the risk of similar incidents in thefuture, ensuring customer satisfaction and the reputation of the product line.中文回答：产品批量异常事故调查报告。

不良品分析报告全英文

Defective products investigation reportThe description of defective productsOn Jan. 6th2013, 809 cartons (405000 pieces) of plastic bags were sending to ***Shanghai company, among which 407 cartons (244200 pieces) of plastic bags were small size and the rest were large size. The plastic bags have reached ***Japan company. Customer has now detected 120 pieces of defective products with red ink on the white edge.Meanwhile, they have detected 1/3 serious plate shifting defective products when spot-checking (the detailed quantity is unknown for products were without fully inspection) :The first problem: the defective products with red ink on the white edge; the second problem: serious plate shifting defective products.The analysis about cause of defective products1. The cause of the first problem:The situation that the ink of the other colors sticks to the white edge will show up in the process of printing because of four-color overlay gravure printing. But normally the operators will pick them out when making bags.The bags with ink had not been picked out because of the ignorance of bag cutting operators and checkers.2. The cause of the second problem:The plate shifting emerges in the process of printing because of four-color overlay gravure printing and the extremely small font. Our operators and checkers will pick out the serious plate shifting bags when bag-making. But since we donot check one by one, some of them will arise in the mass production.Improvement measuresFor the first problem:We will improve the demand on bag-making operators and checkers to pick outdefective products in time as far as possible.For the second problem:This problem is hard to avoid. The sample plastic bags of small size we received from Japan also have the phenomenon of plate shifting, which makes it clear that it is too difficult to completely avoid plate shifting in this artwork. We have also consulted printing company who says that we can only completely avoid this problem by changing the background color into a spot color. Otherwise reproducing the products can't make the result any difference.So we suggest that we take the following measures:1) Taking customer's sample as the inspection standard (the sample has sent back to the customer).If the printing of our products is poorer than that of the sample, we agree to regard them as waste products and we will reproduce them free of charge. On the contrary, we will regard them as quality products.2) The large quantity of mass production makes it difficult to check the products one by one, so there is the existence of defective products rate. We hope that customer can allow us to have 2% of defective products rate.Analyst: Carrie Song Date: Feb. 22th, 2013。

在线细化及处理工艺对5052铝合金阳极氧化料材料线的影响

0前言铝镁合金具有密度小、强度高、质量轻、抗压性强、散热性好等特点。

铝镁合金能充分满足3C 产品高度集成化、轻薄化、微型化、电磁屏蔽及散热的要求[1]。

铝合金材料还具有材料染色性强、耐高温、抗静电、触摸不留痕迹、环保无毒等优点。

早期，由于成本高、成型工艺困难等问题，铝镁合金多应用于高端产品，但随着铝加工技术的不断进步和铝合金成形、阳极氧化技术的发展，铝镁合金已广泛应用于电子类产品外壳[2]。

5052铝合金为Al-Mg系中具有代表性的消费类民用高端产品，具有良好的抗疲劳性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能和表面处理性能，广泛应用于高表面质量要求的3C电子类产品[3]。

该合金制品的阳极氧化材料线缺陷一直是产品质量面临的主要问题。

潘祯[4]等对热连轧和冷连轧过程中产生的表面缺陷进行了原因分析，并提出了控制措施。

本文主要从熔铸工艺对该缺陷的影响进行分析，并提出相应解决措施。

1试验材料5052合金阳极氧化料的化学成分如表1所示。

表15052合金化学成分（质量分数/%）Si0.08Fe0.10~0.18Cu0.01Mn0.03Mg2.20~2.60Cr0.15~0.22Ti0.006~0.012其他杂质单个0.05合计0.15Al余量从用户处取了经阳极氧化后的5052铝合金笔记本外壳黑条缺陷样品1#和2#，其宏观形貌如图1和图2所示。

图11#笔记本外壳阳极氧化黑条宏观形貌在线细化及处理工艺对5052铝合金阳极氧化料材料线的影响徐正权（中国铝业集团高端制造股份有限公司，重庆400050）摘要：材料线是5052铝合金阳极氧化料的一个主要缺陷。

通过对该合金产品缺陷的取样分析，发现缺陷为铸锭内部冶金质量所致。

缺陷主要有两种，一种为氧化物夹杂，一种为钛硼化合物夹杂。

根据缺陷分析结果，对形成该缺陷的原因进行了机理分析，其成因主要与熔体在线处理有关，包括细化剂的种类、用量、本身质量、在线除气装置中氯气的使用与否以及在线除气装置清理维护频次等有关。

Analysis of product defects caused by flux in wave soldering

缺陷原因英语作文

光刻缺陷检查培训英文版

产品质量保证书英文

过程FMEA程序-第五版

假冒伪劣产品的原因及危害英语作文

钣金件模具在冲压进程中的变形剖析

产品保修承诺书 英语

产品质量保证书英文

客户抱怨及 RMA 处理程序

热轧铝粉导致的黑条缺陷分析及对策

美国法学会《侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编》

ESD监视程序(中英文版本)

假冒伪劣产品的原因及危害英语作文

2010 国际管道会议(IPC2010)--(一)

模具行业英语词汇大全

产品有压伤怎么办

美国法学会《侵权法重述·第三次·产品责任编》

产品批量异常事故调查报告

不良品分析报告全英文

在线细化及处理工艺对5052铝合金阳极氧化料材料线的影响

产品保修承诺书英语