7 Hemingway

2) His language:
• In 1954, Hemingway was awarded Nobel Prize for his ―mastery of the art of modern narration‖. • His language: words—he used nouns as many as possible, more than other part of speech, and avoid adjectives as many as possible. His words are mostly one or two syllable words. • Sentences—simple sentences. Short last sentence and short last paragraph. He liked spoken language, dialogue, and everyday English.
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III. His works:
• • • • The Sun Also Rises (1926) A Farewell to Arms (1929) To Have and Have Not (1933) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
– ① avoid using adjectives but use nouns. Avoid using adj. such as grand, great, glorious and exaggerating words. – ② short sentences and short 1st paragraph. – ③ vigorous English, full of strength.
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• a) 1st Act: Most characters are introduced. F.Henry was an army officer. C. Barkly was an English nurse. • b) 2nd Act: Henry was wounded and sent to a hospital in Milan, where Barkly worked. They got to know each other in summer. Later they found that Barkly was pregnant. They try to cover the truth. • c) 3rd Act: Henry returned to his army. But he found the army was in disorder. In this act, the writer described the chaos, destruction, and people were like ants.
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“A Farewell To Arms‖
• 1) It’s regarded as the best novel written by Ernest Hemingway. He created this novel according to Shakespeare’s tragedy (five-act tragedy). So this novel is divided into 5 parts.
Ernest Hemingway
(1898-1916) • I.Spokesman of the Lost Generation
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Ⅱ.Life:
• Birth: Oak Park, Illinois (near to Chicago) • His father—a successful physician and had a hobby and hunting and fishing. • His mother—music teacher, bringing her children to theaters, concerts, etc. • His father wanted him to learn medicine, but he didn’t like it. He loved literature. When his father forced him to learn medicine, he escaped.
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Ⅳ. Theme of his works:
• The Old Man and the Sea (1952) • Hemingway likes to write about War and its effects on people. He wrote about contests/competition in hunting or bull fighting. By writing such games, he emphasized that people need stamina( 毅 力 ) & courage( 勇 气 ).Stamina is only described in Hemingway’s works. That’s Hemingway’s code of hero. That means a man who could be beaten or has failure, but he never bend, he is unyielding. Stamina is a quality of man’s man. It’s courage when in despair, to stand up, not to fall down and be a challenger to life.
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3) Status:
• In the history of Am.literature, ―A Farewell to Arms‖ is an important book which made Hemingway called the greatest writer at that time. • This novel is like modern ―Remeo and Juliet‖. In Shakespeare’s ―Romeo and Juliet‖, there is a feud between the two family. Although the feud did not kill Juliet, she’s killed indirectly killed by the feud. Similarity, in Hemingway’s ―A Farewell to Arms‖, the war did not kill Catherine in its battle ground (field), her death was caused indirectly by the war. Both Juliet and Catherine were dead, one killed by feud, the other by war. They were both tragedies.
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• At 17, he didn't go to college, but began to work for a newspaper called ―Kansas City Star‖. It had great influence on his writing because he had learned newspaper style:
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• At 37, WWⅡ broke out. He was a reporter in Europe. • In 1944, he came to China. • After WWⅡ, he went to live in Cuba and wrote several works, including ―The Oldman and the Sea‖ (47-59 years old) • In 1954, he was rewarded Nobel Prize for literature, for his mastery of modern narration. When the Cuba war broke out, he went back to Am. when he was old, he caught disease and even could not stand. • In 1961, he committed suicide like his father.
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• During WWI, he went to Italy and became an ambulance nurse. He was seriously wounded. • After WWI, he went to Paris and was a young writer in Paris. He went to Gertrude Stein’s home to discuss writing technique. They were called expatriate writers.
– a) Leave the war. Henry hate the war. Barkly was his only warmth in a war in a foreign country. – b) Leave his lover.
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• d) 4th Act: Henry determined to join his lover, leave the army. But he was arrested as an Italian spy. They two ran away together to Laussaune. • e) 5th Act: Barkly gave a still birth. She faced death and knew the meaning of death. • A Farewell to Arms—
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“Iceberg Principle‖:
• In his words, ―The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one eighth of it being above water.‖ • When you write a work, you should write it like iceberg. Only one eighth is above the water, seven eighth is under the water and can’t be seen. His language is vigorous. There are many meanings for his readers to dig out. • Henry experienced the war, the love with Catherine, and the death. In the end, Henry realized that death is the end of everything.