英语语音基础知识

英语语音基础知识要想说好英语语音，就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。

以下内容供你参考。

1．关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。

元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音标：词的语音形式。

3)音素：音的最小的单位。

英语中有48音素。

4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。

ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有20元音。

6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有28辅音。

7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth3)[e] bed, desk, head,4)[æ] bad, land, bank, stamp5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt6)[ɔ] hot, want7)[ɔ:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,9)[u] look, put, women, could10)[Λ] cup, come, blood, rough11)[ә:] girl, work, serve, nurse12)[ә] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye15)[әu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow16)[au] house, town17)[ɔi] boy, oil18)[iә] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,19)[εә] pear, care, there, fair20)[uә] tour, poor,3. 容易混淆的元音1)[e] [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide4)[au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don4. 辅音1)[p] pen,2)[b] bed, comb3)[t] tell,4)[d], day, played, wanted5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box6)[g] big, go, guess, language7)[m] man8)[n] nine, knife, autumn9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,10)[l] land, world11)[r] read, write,12)[f] five, cough, laugh13)[v] voice, of14)[θ] think,15)[ ð] this, bathe16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf17)[z] zoo, close,18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation19)[/] pleasure,20)[h] hot, who, hour21)[w] wall, what, answer22)[j] yes23)[t∫] child, teach, catch24)[d/] joke, bridge,25)[ts] boats26)[dz] goods27)[tr] tree28)[dr] dream5. 容易混淆的辅音1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math3)[z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang6. 读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)2)非重读音节 [ә] banana, student, today, after,[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday7. 特殊读音1)音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?8. 重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。

letter, sorryb)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-,mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。

a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'latec)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。

'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent;'content, con'tentd)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。

'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'warB)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。

'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。

'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious,-ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。

cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tectived)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。

enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette2)句子重音A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D) 实词不重读的特殊情况a) 实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks.b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in the railway station.c) 代替词Which book do you want? The small one.d) 感叹词中的 what 和howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e) street 在专有名词中Wangfujing Street.f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。