V-ing形式作定语和状语

合集下载

高考语法之V+ing形式

V-ing 的用法：
(1)作主语
Swimming is good for health.
游泳对健康有益。
Raising your hat to a lady is good manners.
对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。
(2) 作表语
Teaching is learning.
教学相长．
My hobby is making model planes.
我的嗜好是做模型飞机．
注意
1. V-ing形式和不定式都可表示比较抽象的一般
性的行为；而表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作时，多用不定式。
To obey/Obeying the law is everyone’s duty.
2. V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 Ving 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。
完成式 (not)having done (not)having been done
二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。
V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完Байду номын сангаас式。
lifeguard. 小孩子被救生员救起，免于淹死。
注意：
在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, can’t help 等后只接V-ing形

V-ing的用法

There
is no sense in doing 做、、、没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干、、、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、、、更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干、、、无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.
注意：There
is no need to do sth 干、、、没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.. 没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her. 注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sister's being ill made we worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
appearance.
五、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
注意：-ing与不定式的比较： -ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。
我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。 I like reading ，but now I like to see a film .

V-ing作定语和状语

V-ing作定语和状语Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语单个的V-ing作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；V-ing短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。

1．V-ing作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。

He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。

They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。

2．V-ing 作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。

There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。

Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？3．有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。

①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。

②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。

Ⅱ. V-ing作状语V-ing （短语）可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。

V-ing形式的用法

V-ing形式的用法V-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词。

现在分词（Present Participle）是分词的一种，分词又分为V-ing形式和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质。

一：V-ing形式的三个基本特点:1.在时间上表示动作正在进行。

例如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。

（试比较：a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳）2. 在语态上表示主动。

例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。

（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）3. 在含义上表示“令人……”；表示习惯性、抽象性；表示种类、用途。

二：时态与语态主动被动一般式doing Being done完成式having done Having been done三：否定式：所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not1）V-ing形式的时态：V-ing形式本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。

这一点和不定式用法相同。

A)V-ing形式的一般式：doing表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。

或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。

如：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.She smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。

) 她闻到有东西烧焦了。

She sat on the chair, reading a novel.B)V-ing形式的完成式：having done表示V-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

v-ing

1.He attended the party without ____.
A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited
regret/admit doing = regret/admit having done
2.Bella was unhappy for _____ the first chance to go abroad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having been given
V-ing 作表语
说明主语的内容,回答what 的问题. What is your job? 动名词 My job is teaching.
说明主语的性质特征,回答how的问题.(…的) How is the play? 现在分词 The play is exciting.
非谓语动词
成分
形式
主语宾语宾补表语定语状语
A. having shutted B. shut C. shutting D. being shut
动作发生在谓语动词之后
___ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
not Having finished his homework， he went to bed． Having realized why he had failed in the exam, he has made up his mind to work harder from now on．

V-ing的用法

2011-9-15
Ⅱ）注意：及物动词后接非谓语动词作注意：宾语时有以下几种情况：宾语时有以下几种情况： 1．有些动词只能接v-ing形式作宾语，有些动词只能接v ing形式作宾语形式作宾语，不能接不定式。不能接不定式。如： mind, finish, risk, advise, consider, enjoy, imagine, escape, practise, miss, suggest, prevent, avoid, appreciate，put off, be appreciate， worth, insist on, stick to, give up, look forward to, be proud of, feel like, be good at, be sure of, think of, succeed in, have difficulty in, can’t help 等。
2011-9-15
2. I can hardly imagine Peter ___ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
2011-9-15
3.____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B. Walking C.To walk D.Walk
2011-9-15
3．有些动词后可跟不定式和v-ing 有些动词后可跟不定式和v 形式作宾语，意义差别不大。形式作宾语，意义差别不大。
1）在like, love, hate, prefer等动词后， prefer等动词后等动词后， v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作， ing形式表示经常性概括性的动作，形式表示经常性、不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。如：

动词ing形式作定语和状语知识讲解

动词的ing形式作定语和状语编稿：张桂琴审稿：梁晓概念引入：Do you know the boy playing basketball? 你认识那个正在打篮球的男孩儿吗？They lived in a house facing south. 他住在一所朝南的房里里Knowing all this ,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿。

Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好充分准备了，现在可以考试了。

语法讲解：V-ing 形式V-ing 形式由“do＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是“not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。

现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示“供作…之用”和“ …的”。

a walking stick (a stick used for walking)drinking water (water for drinking)a waiting room (a room for waiting)working people the rising sun分词是短语形式, 应放在所修饰的名词后, 相当于一个定语从句。

They are visitors coming from several countries.who come from several countries.Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.which offered me the job.The girl standing there is my classmate.who stands there现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。

V-ing的用法

一、作定语时，根据被修饰的名词是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者来确定主动和被动，从而确定使用现在分词或过去分词。

They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire.二、作状语时，则根据句子主语是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者确定主动还是被动。

The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.三、作表语时，也是根据主语是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者来确定。

1. The story sounds moving.2. I was deeply moved when I saw the film.四、作宾语补足语时，根据该宾语是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者来确定。

1．在及物动词的复合宾语中：I saw her opening the door.2．在动词have后的复合宾语中：I had my bike repaired yesterday.3．在介词with后的复合宾语中:The picture only came out like a white circle with three black spots showing for a mouth and eyes.五、在独立主格结构中，应根据该主格名词或代词来确定。

Spring coming on,the trees turned green.动词的-ing形式构成的独立主格结构（1）名词(代词)+动词的-ing形式名词(代词)+动词的-ing形式作状语。

它一般位于句首，在这种结构中，前面的名词或代词是动词的-ing 的逻辑主语，即动作的执行者，它表示主动意义。

可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。

The moon having risen, they took a walk in the field.月亮升起后，他们在田野里散步。

英语必修5V-ing 作状语(含复习作定语,独立主格)

意料中的结果。(反之，用to do不定式)
Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)
想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。
Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
3) 表方式、伴随的状语可转换成并列句
He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)
On hearing the news, they couldn’t help jumping.
3. v–ing 的否定形式是在其前加 not. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t ring him.
4．若动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，则在其前加上逻辑主语。此时“逻辑主语+-ving” = 独立主格结构。
3. Since we didn't see him, we couldn't inform
一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。 __W_a_l_k_in_g__a_h_e_ad__, you will see a white house. (=If you walk ahead, you will see a white house.)
5) 表结果 (在句中作结果状语)

v-ing的用法(状语)

To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
3). It’s no use (good) doing sth It’s a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。
※ It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth
宾语。
4. 作定语＊The girl standing there is my sister . ＊This is a piece of surprising (surprise) __________ being discussed ＊The problem____________ (discuss) now is very important. working ＊ The farmers ____________ (work) in the fields are tired . news .
5. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. B Having been taught C. taught
D. Teaching
6. _________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told A B. Having told C. Been told
2. 作表语 ☆ Teaching is learning. 教学相长． making ☆ My hobby is __________ (make) model planes. ☆ What worried the child most was not being allowed _________ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .

V-ing作主语和宾语等等

His hobby is collecting stamps.

他的爱好是收集邮票。

The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语

1、作动词的宾语。
（常接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：）

② -ing 分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁？

They lived in a house facing south. = They lived in a house that faces the street.
He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。
四、-ing分词作定语：

①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如： reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 the exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如： I won’t have you doing that. This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

V-ing形式的复合结构

Ｖ－ｉｎｇ形式的复合结构作者：杨俊杰来源：《初中生(三年级)》2007年第09期V-ing由动词加-ing构成，具有名词的语法特征，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，同时它还具有动词的特征，可以带自己的宾语和状语，构成V-ing短语。

1.V-ing形式作主语(1)V-ing形式作主语往往表示比较笼统的动作。

如：Fishing is his favorite hobby，and collecting coins also gives himgreat pleasure．钓鱼是他的爱好，收集硬币也给他带来乐趣。

(2)V-ing形式作主语时，也可用it作形式主语，常用于It is nouse／no good／doing sth．句型。

如：It's no use doing like this．这么做是没用的。

2．V-ing形式作宾语以下情况下V-ing形式作宾语：finish，suggest，appreciate，consider，practice，miss，imagine，feel like，enjoy，risk，mind等及物动词以及keep on，insist on，put 0ff等短语后面需接-ing形式作宾语。

如：I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon．你如果今天下午回电话的话，我会很感激的。

3.V-ing形式复合结构作主语和宾语(1)V-ing形式前可以加逻辑主语来强调其动作执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。

带逻辑主语的-ing形式常作主语和宾语。

如：Wang Ming's passing the exam made her very happy．王敏通过这次考试使她很高兴。

Would you mind my smoking here?你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?(2)如果V-ing形式的逻辑主语不出现在句首，可用人称代词宾格代替形容词物主代词，或用名词普遍格代替名词所有格。

v-ing作定语和状语

• The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song _____________________________ .
5、作条件状语
• Working harder, you will succeed. • (=If you work harder, you will succeed.)
我们到达长春时是午夜。
We arriving in chuangchun ______________________, it was midnight.
独立成分作状语
有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：
generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言/坦率地说/ 严格地说 judging from /by 根据…来判断 considering / taking …into consideration考虑到…；鉴于…
动词-ing 形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
• 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。
• Walking ahead, you will see a white house. • Keeping on trying, you will realize your dream.
Keep on trying, and you will realize your dream.
练习： 1. Many students _____ around, I explained the story into details.（07 重庆） A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 2.There ___ nothing to talk about , every one in the room remained silent . A. was B. had C. being D. having

ving形式作状语

=Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。
Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。
1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t
help crying.
=When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。
3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如： Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
area looking around curiously. attributive
2. I stood for a minute watching them and went
to greet them.
adverbial
adverbial
3. She stepped back appearing surprised …
-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。 e.g. 1.They are visitors (who are) coming from several countries.

专题05 重点语法复习：V-ing 作定语、状语和宾补(考点串讲+模拟演练)高一英语下学期(解析版)

专题05重点语法复习：V-ing作定语、状语和宾补▲动词-ing形式作定语1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。

(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

a reading room=a room for reading阅览室running shoes=shoes for running跑鞋(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

developing countries=countries that are developing发展中国家a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping正在睡觉的婴儿2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。

There is a path leading to the top of the hill.→There is a path which leads to the top of the hill有一条通向山顶的小路。

Do you know the boy playing basketball?→Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?▲动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。

动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。

1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。

Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house,he went home for breakfast.→After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house,he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。

英语语法.v-ing作状语

I stood by the door ，but I said nothing.
v-ing做伴随状语，用来说明动作发生背景或情况。一般情况v-ing与谓语动词表示动作同时发生。可以转化为并列句。
She fell off the bike，breaking her left leg.
She fell off the bike，and she broke her left leg.
Having failed many times ，he never gives up. Though he failed many times ，he never gives up.
v-ing做让步状语，相当于状语从句，v-ing前可带连词 although，even if ，though。
I stood by the door ，saying nothing.
Having finished my homework，I went for a walk.
2.语法性：v-ing主动还是被动，取决于v-ing与句子主语间关系。主要体现在完成时。
eg：Having been told
the
news，he was surprised.
was happy.
Having eaten an orange ，he
v-ing做结果状语表示必然结果，通常放语动词动作同时发生，用一般式（doing）；若v-ing 动作先于谓语动词动作发生，用完成时（having done）。 eg：Playing in the park ,I met my friend.
v-ing 做原因状语，相当于原因状语从句，它们也可以相互转化。
Working hard at be successful.

现在分词（V-ing）作定语和状语

现在分词（V-ing）作定语和状语现在分词(V-ing)作定语和状语语法聚焦(现在分词作定语和状语)课前预习案学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结现在分词在句子中的用法。

动词--ing形式作定语和状语I.ing 形式作定语1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。

现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。

如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。

如：a moving film, a developing country.II. ing 形式作状语动词-ing形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的，经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。

句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。

1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。

1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today.因为生病，她今天没上学去。

2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。

2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。

1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。

2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。

ving与ved比较

【学习目标】复习巩固V-e d和V-i n g作定语和状语的用法。

V-ing形式和V-ed形式常被称作分词。

我们可以将它们用作定语修饰名词，或用作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。

一、作定语★ V-ing形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的关系，表示正在进行或经常性的动作或某事是什么样的。

●falling leaves ● an exciting developmentV-ing形式的完成式即having done不能用作定语。

Those students who have finished their homework may leave now.（who have finished已经完成的动作，不能用having finished来代替）★V-ing形式作定语可表示被修饰词的用途或性质等。

● a swimming pool ● a walking stick ★V-ed形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的关系，表示已经完成的行为或我们对某事的感觉。

● The police found the stolen car. ● those excited children●fallen leaves (不及物动词的v-ed作定语表示被修饰名词的已经完成的主动动作)★单个的分词形式通常置于被修饰的名词，但分词短语通常置于被修饰的名词。

● the man standing by the window● a book written by Shakespeare二、作状语★V-ing形式和V-ed形式可起副词作用，在句子中作状语，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。

The scientist entered the lab, followed by his assistants. 状语(If) Given more time, we could have done the work better. 状语I got up late today, thus causing the delay. 状语Having been told many times, he still doesn’t know how to do it. 状语★V-ing形式和V-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

V-ing形式作定语和状语

高考语法之V+ing形式

V-ing的用法

V-ing作定语和状语

V-ing形式的用法

v-ing

V-ing的用法

动词ing形式作定语和状语 知识讲解

V-ing的用法

英语必修5V-ing 作状语(含复习作定语,独立主格)

v-ing的用法(状语)

V-ing作主语和宾语等等

V-ing形式的复合结构

v-ing作定语和状语

ving形式作状语

专题05 重点语法复习：V-ing 作定语、状语和宾补(考点串讲+模拟演练)高一英语下学期(解析版)

英语语法.v-ing作状语

现在分词（V-ing）作定语和状语

ving与ved比较

动词ing形式作定语和状语知识讲解