过去分词作定语和状语
过去分词(短语)作状语和定语
栏目导引
(2010·四川卷)A great number of students________said they
were forced to practise the piano.
A.to question
B.to be questioned
C.questioned
D.questioning
解析: 句意为:许多被调查的学生说,他们是被迫练习
答案: B
工具
Unit 3 Life in the future
栏目导引
5.________more attention,the trees could have grown
better.
A.Given
B.To give
C.Giving
D.Having given
解析: 考查过去分词短语作条件状语。句子主语the trees 与give之间是被动关系,故答案选A。过去分词短语Given more attention放于句首,作条件状语。
students.) 老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
工具
Unit 3 Life in the future
栏目导引
名师指津: 1.过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即 表被动;现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 即表主动。 Asked why he was late,he cried. 被问到他为什么迟到时,他哭了。 Looking out of the window,I saw some students playing there. 我朝窗外望去,看见几个学生在那边玩耍。
分类
用法
举例
时间 状语
相当于时间状语 从句;可在过去 分词前加上连词 “when, while,until” 等,使其时间意 义更明确
【英语知识点】过去分词的五种用法
【英语知识点】过去分词的五种用法过去分词是分词的一种,规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成。
用法有:1、过去分词作表语;2、过去分词作定语;3、过去分词作状语;4、过去分词作宾语补足语;5、with+宾语+过去分词结构。
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。
(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。
(过去分词作表语)过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing形式来修饰物.(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成。
1.过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2.过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, weled the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
过去分词作定语和状语解析
8. ______ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding (福建2009) B. Reminded
C. To remind
deliver our letters unless we chained
our dog. A. Being bitten C. Having bitten (北京2009) B. Bitten D. To be bitten
4. Michael’s new house is like a huge
1. ______ from the top of the tower, the
south foot of the mountain is a sea of
trees. A. Seen C. Having seen (陕西2010) B. Seeing D. To see
2. The experiment shows that proper
A 2)Mr.Smith,____ of the ____ speech,
started to read a novel.(北京春'03) A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D. tiring;boring 点拨:be tired of的意思是“厌倦……”,过去 分词短语在句中作原因状语,其逻辑主语是 句子的主语Mr.Smith;现在分词boring的 意思是“令人厌烦的”,修饰speech。
palace, ______ with his old one.
(重庆2009)
A. comparing
过去分词小结
他对收集邮票感兴趣。
(三)作宾语补足语
过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,have,feel等动词后作宾语补足语,强调分词与宾语之间为被动关系。例如:
I often hear the song sung in English.
(二)作表语
1.过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态。
例如:
The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。
2.过去分词作表语,相当于形容词,最常见的有:delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,amused,interested,satisfied等。例如:
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来,几乎没有什么变化。
(2)有时为了强调还可将单一的分词放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:
They decided to change the material used.他们决定改变所用的材料。
=Once it is published,the dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版,这本词典将大受欢迎。
拓展
有时为了强调时间概念,过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词,如when,while等。例如:
When completed,this railway will link many industrial cities to a seaport.
我常听人用英语唱这首歌。
过去分词做定语和状语课件
独立结构
独立结构指的是过去分词短语不依赖于任何从句,而是独立 地修饰名词或代词。这种结构通常表示一种状态或结果,强 调动作的完成。例如,“The broken window needs to be repaired.”(那个破碎的窗户需要被修理。)
独立结构有时也可以表示原因或条件,例如,“Given the limited time, we had to prioritize tasks.”(考虑到时间有 限,我们不得不优先处理任务。)
与其他定语形式的比较
与形容词做定语的区别
过去分词做定语主要表示被动动作或状 态,而形容词主要表示主动性质或状态。 例如,“the beautiful girl”中的 “beautiful”是形容词做定语,表示女 孩的性质是美丽的,而“the girl named Mary”中的“named”是过去分词做定 语,表示女孩的状态是被命名为Mary。
在省略结构中,过去分词短语可以省略掉某些成分,但必 须保证句子的完整性和清晰度。
05 练习与巩固
单项选题
总结词
考察基础概念
详细描述
提供多个包含过去分词做定语和状语的句子,要求选择正确的意思或符合语法规则的选项。
填空 题
总结词
应用实际语境
详细描述
根据句子语境,填入适当的过去 分词,使句子完整通顺。
结构辨析
过去分词做定语和状语在句子结构上 有所不同
过去分词做定语通常紧跟在修饰的名 词之后,而过去分词做状语则通常出 现在句首或句尾,修饰整个句子。
语境辨析
理解上下文语境对于区分过去分词做定语和状语至关重要
在阅读时,需要根据上下文语境来判断过去分词是作为定语还是状语,以准确理解句子的含义。
过去分词作定语和状语
过去分词作定语和状语过去分词作定语和状语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,没有时态和语态的变化,它只是一种形式,从意义上讲,它具有完成和被动两大特点。
一. 过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语时,单个的过去分词或只带副词的单个过去分词作前置定语时,具有形容词的特性,一般放在被修饰词的前面。
a broken window, an honored guest, a retired teacher, the fallen leaves2. 过去分词修饰some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those等时,或过去分词短语作定语时,要置于被修饰的名词之后。
They reduced the number of animals used in experiments.There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.3. 过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系:(1)及物动词的过去分词可改为动词被动形式的定语从句。
lost time= time which is lost; a beaten team= a team which is beaten; a well-known writer= a writer who is well-known.(2)部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词完成式或表示状态的定语从句。
retired workers = workers who have retired; a sunken ship =a ship which has sunk二. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语修饰谓语,大多说明动作发生的背景或情况,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。
一般说来,这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛着了,几乎不能呼吸了。
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别
过去分词做状语和定语时的区别一、过去分词(短语)做状语1、与句子主语的关系当过去分词(短语)做状语时,要与句子的主语有关系,而且一般是被动关系。
在读下面所有的例句时,请注意过去分词短语与句子主语的关系。
先分析例句:Frightened by Santa Claus …words,Scrooge woke up.句子的主语是Scrooge,状语部分为Frightened by Santa Claus‟words,可以看出Scrooge是“被”Santa Claus的话“惊吓”(Frightened)。
2、在句子中的位置过去分词做状语,修饰的是句子中的位于,多放在句首,也可以放在后面,后者插在句子的中间。
Seen from the hill,the city looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。
They came in,followed by their wives.他们进来了,妻子们跟随在后。
Tom,horrified at what he had done,could at first say nothing.Tom对他做的事感到恐惧,一时说不出话来。
3、所表示的状语种类过去分词做状语可以表示伴随情况(即主句的谓语动作与状语同时发生)、表示原因、表示条件、也可以表示时间。
He entered,accompanied by his secretary.(伴随情况)他由秘书陪着走了进来。
Moved by his speech,many people volunteered to help in the work.(原因)由于受他讲话的感动,许多人自愿参加这项活动。
Taken in time,the medicine will be quite effective.(条件)如果及时服用,这种药是相当有效的。
Heated,water changes into steam.(时间)当被加热的时候,水可以变成蒸汽。
过去分词作状语和定语
2)Don’t speak until spoken to.
=Don’t speak until you are spoken to.
当别人和你讲话时,你才能讲话
原因状语
可用于原因状语从句或并列结构
Touched by his teacher’s words,the boy cried.
at by all people just now.
spoken English.
过去分词短语作定语
常常置于其所修饰的名词后
He is a teacher respected
by all his students.
不及物动词的过去分词作定语
当与其所修饰的名词构成逻
辑上的动宾关系时,必须在该
动词后使用必要的介词
He is the student laughed
可用于时间状语从句,也可在过去分
词前加上连词“when,while,until”
等,使其时间意义更明确
1)Seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.
=When it is seen from the hill,the parks are very beautiful.
过去分词作状语和定语
一、过去分词
过去分词有两大特点:一是表被动的概念;二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者
二、过去分词作状语的用法
过去分词或过去分词短语常用于以下几种状语:
分类
说明
举例
时间状语
=Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.
过去分词做定语和状语
2 做状语
过去分词作状语,在意义上相当于一 个状语从句。 1. United, we stand; divided, we fall. 如果团结起来,我们就能成功,如 果分裂,我们就会失败。 → 相当于If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
这本书的销售量仍很好。
→ 相当于Although the book has been
published…
过去分词作状语,一是表被动的动作,二是表 动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语:
1. 时间状语,
可在过去分词前加上连词 when, while, until等.
1. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
Seen from the hill
2. Don’t speak until you are spoken to.
until spoken to
2.原因状语 1. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.
2. Moved by the story, he decided to study harder. 由于被这个故事感动,他决定更加努 力学习。 → 相当于Because he was moved…
3. Having been shown around the library, we came to the classroom building. 我们参观了图书馆后,我们来到了 教学楼前。
现在分词作状语,过去分词作状语,表语,宾补,定语
V-ing (现在分词)作状语v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语,表语,定语,宾补一.现在分词的形式形式主动形式被动形式否定形式一般式doing beingdone not doing/beingdone完成式havingdone having been done not having(been)done二.现在分词作状语辨析:动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。
辨析:(1)动词的-ing 形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果,常与only 连用,构成“only to do sth.”三.连词+动词的-ing 形式作状语,省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ,表示主动或者正在句子功能例句1.作时间状语,相当于when,while,as,after 等引导的时间状语从句Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2.作原因状语,相当于as,because,since 等引导的原因状语从句Having eaten too much ,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because he had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作条件状语,相当于if,once,unless 等引导的条件状语从句Using your head,you 'll find a good way.=If you use your head,you'll find a good way.4.作方式或伴随状语,相当于and 连接的并列谓语动词。
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5.作结果状语,可扩展为有并列谓语的句子。
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲
用心爱心专心1 过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词:表示完成和被动的动作,具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式:done,have done, had done可作成分:定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语:表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。
1)单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前(除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody ,those...)E.g. It was the lost cat. =It was the cat which had lost. Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him. 2)过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. E.g. People People People addicted addicted addicted to to to drugs drugs drugs are are are dangerous.=People dangerous.=People dangerous.=People who who who are are are addicted addicted addicted to to drugs are dangerous. This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written by Luxun. 【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系",即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语,主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
过去分词作定语和状语的用法总结
过去分词作定语和状语的用法总结过去分词作定语和状语是英语语法中的两种常用语法形式,用于描述动作和状态。
在过去分词作定语或状语的语法结构中,动词通常使用了-ed或-en的形式,并位于名词或动词后面,用于表示一个已完成的动作或状态。
本文将从以下三个方面对过去分词作定语和状语进行讲解:一、过去分词作定语的用法;二、过去分词作状语的用法;三、过去分词作定语和状语的区别及例句。
一、过去分词作定语的用法过去分词作定语一般位于被修饰的名词之后,用于修饰名词,描述名词所表示的事物的状态或性质,通常用于以下情况:1. 表示被动意义的动作完成态例如:The broken pen cannot be used.(损坏的笔无法使用)The stolen bike has been found.(偷走的自行车已经找到了)2. 表示主动意义的动作完成态例如:The written book was published by a famous publisher.(写作完成的书是由著名出版商出版的)3. 表示状态的形容词例如:The annoyed boss left for a meeting.(心烦意乱的老板去开会了)二、过去分词作状语的用法过去分词作状语一般位于句子中,用于修饰谓语动词,描述动作发生时的情况,通常用于以下情况:1. 表示时间状况例如:He finished his homework, exhausted.(他写完作业后筋疲力尽)She stood there, frozen with fear.(她站在那里,惊恐万分)2. 表示原因或结果例如:Having saved enough money, he bought a new car.(存够了钱,他买了一辆新车)Being late for the meeting, they missed their chance.(因为迟到,他们错过了机会。
)3. 表示条件状况例如:Having finished the task, he went home.(完成任务后,他回家了)三、过去分词作定语和状语的区别及例句过去分词作定语和状语的最大区别在于它们所修饰的词不同。
过去分词用法总结
过去分词用法总结过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、过去分词作定语1. 一般情况下,单个分词作前置定语,过去分词短语作后置定语。
如:a used car旧车,a playground built last year去年修建的一个操场。
2. 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”和完成”。
Many people questioned refused to answer. 被问的许多人都拒绝回答。
Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. 五人获得了“中国绿色人物奖”,这是一个颁给对环保有贡献的普通人物的奖项。
3. 不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语,只表示“完成”,不表示被动。
如:the risen sun已升起的太阳,fallen leaves落叶。
4. astonish, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move, please, puzzle, satisfy, surprise, tire等表示心理状态的动词的过去分词作定语,表示被修饰的词所具有的特征,意为“感到……的”。
(其现在分词表示所修饰的词本身所处的状态,意为“令人……的”)。
Mr. Smith, tired of the tiring speech, started to read a novel. 史米斯先生厌倦了乏味的演讲,开始读小说。
This is a boring lecture. 这是一个令人厌烦的报告。
The excited children couldn't go to sleep all night long.这些兴奋的孩子整个晚上无法入睡。
2020高三英语语法之过去分词作定语和状语讲解和巩固练习
过去分词作定语在第一单元,我们已经学过了过去分词作定语的用法,这里做一-简单复习。
1.过去分词作定语与定语从句:过去分词作定语,具有形容词或副词的作用,该分词及其修饰成分相当于定语从句。
如果把分词短语转变成定语从句时,这个定语从句应具备两个特征:1)从句的主语和所修饰的先行词一致;如2)的例句1中定语从句的主语就是所修饰词a teacher。
2)从句的谓语动词为被动语态形式。
She is a teacher respected by all her students.= She is a teacher who is respected by all her students. 她是位受所有学生尊敬的老师。
This is the best novel of its kind ever written. = This is the best novel of_ its kind that has ever been written. 这是这类小说中写得最好的。
2.作定语的分词的逻辑主语分词作定语,其逻辑主语是所修饰词,现在分词动作与所修饰词常是主动关系,而过去分词动作与所修饰词常是被动关系。
The broken clock should be repaired as soon a as possible.这个坏了的钟表该尽快修好。
(定语broken与所修饰的词clock是被动的,即被弄坏的表)The crying baby has been ill for two days.正在大哭的那个婴儿病了两天了。
(定语crying是所修饰词baby做的,是主动关系)注意:不定式和-ing形式的被动式与所修饰词也是被动关系,但在时间上与过去分词不同。
3.作定语的非谓语动词的时间.过去分词作定语,多表示动作已经完成; to be done 表示动作将要发生; being done表示动作正在进行。
4.表示情感的动词的分词作定语现在分词表示事物的性质,而过去分词表示内心的感受,尤其注意分词修饰expression,look 等词时,一般用过去分词表示内心感受所表现的表情。
过去分词作定语和状语
remain silent at the conference. A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited
❖ 3.(上海春2002)When _A___,the museum will
fallen leaves落叶 faded flowers凋谢的花
Function----practice (3m)
❖ 1. The programs _p_u_t_ (put) on yesterday evening were really wonderful.
❖ 2. S__e_n_t (send) to the hospital immediately, the wounded soldier was saved.
❖ ==As his parents`company,called”future tours” was wellknown for their expertise,it transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.
❖ 2.Hit by a lack of fresh air ,my head ached. ❖ ==As my head was hit by a lack of fresh air ,it ached. ❖ 3.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. ❖ ==As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
Grammar
过去分词作定语和状语
过去分词的用法
做个题吧!
1.The speaker raised her voice,hoping to make herself__h_e_a_rd___(hear). 2.My cellphone has broken down and I want it__re_p_a_ir_e_d_(repair) soon. 3.With the important documents___g_o_n_e___(go),I found it very difficult to go on with my work. 4.I was__s_u_rp_r_is_e_d__(surprise) to find my hometown__c_h_an_g_e_d_(change) so much. 5.She wants her paintings__d_i_sp_l_a_ye_d__(display) in the gallary,but we don't think they will be very popular.
2.位置 ① 前置定语:放在所修饰词之前。 Many used computers will be sold in this market.
② 后置定语:放在所修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。 He is a teacher loved by his students.
做个题吧!
1.With___fa_l_le_n___(fall) leaves buried in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. 2.The__p_u_z_z_le_d__(puzzle) look on his face suggested that he didn't grasp what I said.
过去分词作定语和状语
过去分词作定语和状语过去分词有两个显著的特点,即:从时间上讲,表示动作已经完成;从语态上讲,表示被动的概念,但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式,则只表示时间上的过去,而没有被动意义。
过去分词在句中通常可以作表语、补足语、定语或状语.一、过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语时,单个分词一般放在名词之前,分词短语放在名词之后。
Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier .We are doing our written exercises .The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai.过去分词作定语时, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited(= ) to your part last night?注意:如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。
例如:Is there anything unsolved?There is nothing changed here since I left this town.2. 表示情感的动词的过去分词由表示情感或心理状态的动词的过去分词作定、语时,通常不可以修饰无生命物,有些过去分词已经完全形容词化,常见的这类过去分词有:disappointed, moved, interested, touched. surprised, shocked, puzzled, frightened等。
a frightened driver 吓坏了的司机a disappointed girl 感到失望的女孩3. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成,而没有被动语态的意义。
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概念引入在前两个单元我们已经学过过去分词作定语和表语,及过去分词作宾语补足语,在本单元中我们先复习一下过去分词作定语,然后学习过去分词作状语。
看下面句子:1. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.3. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.4. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.5. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.这些句子中斜体词部分都是过去分词,在句中作状语。
那么过去分词作状语,有什么需要注意呢?∙过去分词作定语∙过去分词作状语----入门篇∙过去分词作状语----用法小结篇∙分词作状语的区别∙作插入语的分词用法讲解过去分词作定语在第一单元,我们已经学过了过去分词作定语的用法,这里做一简单复习。
1. 过去分词作定语与定语从句:过去分词作定语,具有形容词或副词的作用,该分词及其修饰成分相当于定语从句。
如果把分词短语转变成定语从句时,这个定语从句应具备两个特征:1)从句的主语和所修饰的先行词一致;如2)的例句1中定语从句的主语就是所修饰词a teacher。
2)从句的谓语动词为被动语态形式。
She is a teacher respected by all her students. 她是位受所有学生尊敬的老师。
= She is a teacher who is respected by all her students.This is the best novel of its kind ever written. 这是这类小说中写得最好的。
= This is the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.2. 作定语的分词的逻辑主语分词作定语,其逻辑主语是所修饰词,现在分词动作与所修饰词常是主动关系,而过去分词动作与所修饰词常是被动关系。
The broken clock should be repaired as soon as possible. 这个坏了的钟表该尽快修好。
(定语broken与所修饰的词clock是被动的,即被弄坏的表)The crying baby has been ill for two days. 正在大哭的那个婴儿病了两天了。
(定语crying是所修饰词baby做的,是主动关系)注意:不定式和-ing形式的被动式与所修饰词也是被动关系,但在时间上与过去分词不同。
3. 作定语的非谓语动词的时间过去分词作定语,多表示动作已经完成;to be done表示动作将要发生;being done 表示动作正在进行。
4. 表示情感的动词的分词作定语现在分词表示事物的性质,而过去分词表示内心的感受,尤其注意分词修饰expression,look等词时,一般用过去分词表示内心感受所表现的表情。
The frightened look on her face when seeing the dog surprised her parents.她看到小狗时脸上害怕的表情让她父母很吃惊。
(感到害怕的表情)对比:The tall man gave me a frightening look. 高个子男人向我做了一个吓人的表情。
(让别人害怕的表情,是性质)过去分词作状语----入门篇1. 什么是状语:状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词、其他状语或主句的,可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。
可以充当状语的有副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、形容词、名词词组和从句等。
如:Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.我们束手无策,只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
(形容词作伴随状语,说明“看着”时的状态是“无助的”)He wrote with a red pencil.他用红铅笔写的。
(介词短语作方式状语)The students went away laughing.学生们笑着走开了。
(现在分词作伴随状语)Tom tried hard to improve his English. 汤姆努力尝试来提高英语水平。
(hard是副词作状语表示程度,to improve his English是不定式短语作状语表示目的)I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.(从句作时间状语)我一到那儿就给你写信。
2. 过去分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时,做题的窍门是:要看作状语的非谓语动词与主句的主语构成的主被动关系。
1)Born into a peasant family, he only had two years’ schooling.他出生于农民家庭,只受过两年的教育。
(某人出生于......要用sb. was born...,因此用born)2)Compared to many women, she was very fortunate. 与许多女子相比,她很幸运。
(人compare A to/with B,此句中是When we compare her to many women,即she is compared ...,因此用compared)3)Exhausted by the journey, he soon fell asleep. 由于旅程而精疲力竭,他不久就睡着了。
(我们说“I am exhausted (= am tired),被使筋疲力尽”,有些学生会误写为being exhausted,一定注意这种由过去分词变来的形容词作状语时表示状态,不需加being,即表示感情的过去分词作状语,不需要加being。
这是考试时要特别注意的。
)4)Although built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.这个引擎虽然是战前造的,仍然状态良好。
(引擎是被制造的,所以用built。
分词作状语时,可以加某些连词,如while doing/ done) 5)Unless changed, the law will make the life difficult for farmers.如果不做变革,这项法律会使农民的生活困难。
(法律是被变革的,因此用changed,加了连词unless,即unless changed)用法讲解过去分词作状语----用法小结篇1)作状语的过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
(过去分词Written作原因状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语this article,是动作的承受者。
)对比:Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。
(现在分词Using作时间状语,其逻辑主语也是句子的主语I,动作是主语发出的。
)注意:如果过去分词作状语时,主句的主语不是分词的逻辑主语,而是在前面另加了逻辑主语,这种结构叫独立主格结构。
The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了。
(given 的逻辑主语是the signal,不是主句主语 the bus。
)Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地走了过去。
(held high 的逻辑主语是her head,而不是主句主语 she。
)2)过去分词作状语时的特点也是被动、完成。
及物动词的过去分词形式语态上表示被动,时间上表示已经完成,有时也表示模糊的时间概念。
Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
(used与句子的主语是被动关系----书是被用的;used的动作已经完成)3)如果我们把该分词短语转变为一个状语从句时,该状语从句也应该具备两个特征:◆从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致;◆谓语动词为被动语态形式。
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. =As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.因为担心旅程,前几天我感到心绪不宁。
Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. = Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然得到了警告,农民们还是在地里干着活。
4)分词作状语时,有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词,如when, while, unless, once, though, even if, than等,这时分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。
也可以理解为:当这些连词引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句中的主语和be动词部分可以省略。
When (you are) given a medical examination, you should keep calm.做体格检查时要保持镇定。
Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to. 别人对你说话时你再说话。
(注意:主语主句是祈使句,祈使句的主语一般是you)Even if (I’m) invited, I won’t take part in the party.即使被邀请,我也不会参加这个聚会。
While (he was) waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.他在那儿等着的时候,看见两个靓妹走出大楼。