现在完成时态是初中英语的重点语法知识

现在完成时态是初中英语的重点语法知识，也是中考必考的语法项目。

下面结合教材、课标和中考要求，对其归纳总结以便帮助同学们全面复习。

一、现在完成时态的结构助动词have/has+动词的过去分词说明：动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种，规则形式同过去式的规则形式，词尾需要加ed构成。

非规则形式需要特殊记忆，但是同学们仔细观察也是有规律的，也能找出变化类似的来，例如：feel、keep、sleep、sweep，blow、grow、know、throw，lend、send、spend，sell、tell等。

同学们也可以这样分类：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC （见下表）AAA cost-cost-cost，hit-hit-hit，let-let-let，put-put-put，set-set-setABB buy-bought-bought，catch-caught-caught，find-found-found，stand-stood-stoodABA come-came-come，become-became-becomeABC break-broke-broken，fly-flew-flown，take-took-taken，write-wrote-written二、现在完成时态的基本句式肯定句：I have finished my homework.否定句：She has not/hasn”t finished reading the book.一般疑问句：Have you finished your homework yet? 简略回答：Yes,I have.或No,I haven”t.特殊疑问句：How long has your father worked in the factory?反意疑问句：He”s never been to Hainan Island before, has he?三、现在完成时态的用法1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，可以和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等副词连用。

例如：I can”t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.(丢手表发生在过去，但现在还没有找到，即过去的动作对现在造成的影响。

)He has seen the film. So he won”t go with us. (看电影发生在过去，但现在仍然记得它的内容。

)说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。

yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。

例如：I have already finished my homework. I haven”t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。

这样的时间状语有for+时间段、since+过去的时间点或how long 疑问词等。

例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。

How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。

例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。

错误：I have bought the book for three months.正确：I have had the book for three months.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：How long has your brother joined the army?正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?四、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别现在完成时态强调的是现在的情况，即对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。

而一般过去时态强调的是过去的动作或状态，和现在没有关系，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。

例如：I lost my watch two days ago. 两天前我丢了我的手表。

（不涉及现在是否还没有找到）I can”t find my watch now. I have lost it. 现在我不能找到我的手表，我已经把它丢了。

（强调现在还没有找到）练习：用括号中词的正确形式填空A: you (finish) your homework yet?B: Yes, I .A: When you (do) it?B: I (do) it last night.五、现在完成时态的两个“去”。

have(has) been 表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。

have(has) gone 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。

例如：Have you ever been to England?你曾经去过英国吗？He has never been there. 他从来没有去过那里。

She isn”t here now. She has gone to her teacher”s office. 她不在这里，她去老师的办公室了。

附练习答案: Have, finished, have, did, do, did时态比较在英语中, 时态是英语语法中的难点之一，它种类多，容易混淆，下面笔者通过几种时态比较, 帮助英语学习者理解和掌握时态的用法。

现在一般时与现在完成时现在一般时与现在进行时现在完成时与过去一般时过去完成时与过去一般时过去进行时与过去一般时将来一般时与现在进行时现在一般时与过去一般式现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在一般时与过去完成时1. 现在一般时与现在完成时1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）I have come from Shanghai（从上海来）2) You read very well. (强调能力）You've read very well. （强调一次刚完成的动作）3) I forget.(一时想不起来了）I have forgotten.（仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了）4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态）The book has been written in simple English.（表动态，已用英语写成）5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. （两个动作不可能同时进行）Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行）6) He is gone. (强调状态）He has gone （强调动作和时间）7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出开始时）He won't come till the play has begun.（戏已开始）8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. （两个动作紧密相接）After I have left school, I'll go to college.（强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔）9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语）10) Where are you? (在哪）Where have you been?(去了哪）2. 现在一般时与现在进行时1) He works hard.（强调始终如一）He is working hard.（强调现在）2) What do you do? (干什么工作的）What are you doing?（在干什么）3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰）The bus is coming.（汽车到来的情景）4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了）5) You don't eat much. (强调胃口不大）You're not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比较固定，不宜改变）The match is starting at 7 o'clock.（可以改变）7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备）8)Tom goes to college now.Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动）9） I tell you.（我可以告诉你）I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩）10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了）11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令）I'm expecting you to phone me.（婉转）12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满）12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果） I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到）13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)14) He always thinks of others.He's always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)16) I hope you'll give us some advice.I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了)18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)3. 现在完成时与过去一般时1) I've seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里)I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了)2) Who's opened the window? (窗户还在开着)Who opened the window? (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上)3) Have you ever heard him sing? (他可能不是爱唱歌)Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家)4) Have you ever heard of such a thing? (你听过这种事吗)Did you ever hear of such a thing?(这种事, 你听说过吗? 是一个修辞性问题，表示惊异。