医学专业英语考试重点(护理学用)
护理诊断-医学英语(英语学习资料)
128个护理诊断-医学英语(英语学习资料)NANDA通过的以人类反应型态（Human ResPonse Patterns）的分类方法。
现将人类反应型态分类方法的128个护理诊断分列如下：（1）交换（Exchanging）营养失调：高于机体需要量（Altered Nutrition：More Than Body Requirements）营养失调：低于机体需要量（Altered Nutrition： less Than Body Requirements）营养失调：潜在高于机体需要量（Altered Nutrition：Potential for More Than Body Requirements）有感染的危险（Risk for Infection）有体温改变的危险（Risk for Altered Body Temperature）体温过低（Hypothermia）体温过高（Hyperthermia）体温调节无效（Ineffective Thermoregulatlon）反射失调（Dysre flexia）便秘（Constipation）感知性便秘（Perceived Consttipation）结肠性便秘（Colonic Constipation）腹泻（Diarrhea）大便失禁（Bowel Inconttinence）排尿异常（Altered Urinary Elimination）压迫性尿失禁（Sires Incontlnence）反射性尿失禁（Reflex Incontlnence）急迫性尿失禁（Unge Incontlnence）功能性尿失禁（Functional Incontlnence）完全性尿失禁（Total Incontlnencd尿储留（Urinary Retentron）组织灌注量改变（肾、脑、心肺、胃肠、周围血管）（Altered Tissue Perfuslorl（ Renal， Cereral， Cardlopulmonary Gastrolntestlnal，Peripheral）体液过多（Fluid Volume Excess）体液不足（Fluid Volume Deficit）体液不足的危险（Risk for Fluid VolUme Deficit）心输出量减少（Deer.a.ed CardlacouPu）气体交换受损（Imnaired Gas Exc5anse）清理呼吸道无效（Ineffecthe AirwayImPairedMucous3 Membrance）皮肤完整性受损（ImPaired Skin Integrity）有皮肤完整性受损的危险（Risk for ImPaired Skin Integrity）调节颅内压能力下降（ Decreased AdaPtive CaPacityIntracranial）精力困扰（Energy Field distubance）（2）沟通（Communicating）语言沟通障碍（impaired VerbalCommunlcatlon）（3）关系（Relating）社会障碍（Impaired Soial Interatlon）社交孤立（Social Isolition）有孤立的危险（Risk for.Lonelines.）角色紊乱（Altered Role Performance）父母不称职（Altered Parenting）有父母不称职的危险（Risk for Altered Parenting）有父母亲子依恋改变的危险（Risk for Altered Parent／Infant／Child Att8Chffi6llt）性功能障碍（Sexual Dysfunction）家庭作用改变（Altered Family Process）照顾者角色障碍（Caresiver Role Strain）有照顾者角色障碍的危险（Risk for Caregiver Role Strain）家庭作用改变：酗酒（Altered Family Process： Alcoholism）父母角色冲突（Parental Role Conflict）性生活型态改变（Altered SexualityPatterns）（4）赋予价值（Valuing）精神困扰（Spiritual Distress）增进精神健康：潜能性（Potential for Enhance Spiritual Well-Belug）（5）选择（Choosing）个人应对无效（Ineffctive Individual Coping）调节障碍（ImPaired Adjustment）防卫性应对（Defensive Coping）防卫性否认（Ineffective Denial）家庭应对无效：失去能力（ Ineffective Family Coping：Disabling）家庭应对无效：妥协性（Ineffectiv Family Coping：Compromised）家庭应对：潜能性（Family CoPing： Potential for Growth）社区应对：潜能性（Potential for Enhanced Community CoPing）社区应对无效（Ineffective Community Coping）遵守治疗方案无效（个人的）（Ineffective Management of Therapeutic Regimen）（Individual）不合作（特定的）（Noncompliance）（Specitfy）遵守治疗方案无效（家庭的）（Ineffective Management of Therapeutic Regimen：（（Families）遵守治疗方案无效（社区的）（Ineffective Management of Thera－peutic Regimen： Community）遵守治疗方案有效（个人的）（Effective Management of Thera－peutic Regimen：Individual）抉择冲突（特定的）（Decisional Conflict）（Specify）寻求健康行为（特定的）（Health Seeking Behaviors）（Specity）（6）活动（Moving）躯体移动障碍（ImPaired Physical Mobility）有周围血管神经功能障碍的危险（Risk for PeriPheralNeurovas－cular Dysfunction）有围手术期外伤的危险（Risk for Perloperatlve Positioning Injury）活动无耐力（Activity Intolerance）疲乏（Fatigue）有活动无耐力的危险（Risk for Activity Intolerance）睡眠状态紊乱（SleepPattern Disturbance）娱乐活动缺乏（Diversional Activity Deficit）持家能力障碍（Impaired Home Maintenance Management）保持健康的能力改变（Altered Health Maintenance）进食自理缺陷（Feeding Self Care Deficit）吞咽障碍（Impaired Swallowing）母乳喂养无效（Ineffective Breast Feeding）母乳喂养中断（Interrunted Breast1ceding）母乳喂养有效（Effective Breast feeding）婴儿吸吮方式无效（Ineffective Infant Feeding Pattern）沐浴／卫生自理缺陷（Bathing／Hygiene Self Care Deficit）穿戴／修饰自理障碍（Dressing／Grooming Self Care Deficit）入厕自理缺陷（Toileting Self Care Deficit）生长发育改变（Altered Growth and Development）环境改变应激综合征（Relocation Stress Syndrome）有婴幼儿行为紊乱的危险（ Risk for Disorganized Infant Behavior）婴幼儿行为紊乱（Disorganized Infant Behavior）增进婴幼儿行为（潜能性）（potential for Disorganized Infantganlzed Infantkhavlor）（7）感知（Perceiving）自我形象紊乱（Body Imagse Disturbance）自尊紊乱（SolfEsteem disturbance）长期自我贬低（Chronic Low Self Esteem）情境性自我贬低（Situational Low Self Esteem）自我认同紊乱（Personal Identity disturbance）感知改变（特定的）（视、听、运动、味、触、嗅）（Sensory／PerceptualAlterations）（specify）（Visual，Auditory，Kinesthetlc，Gustatory，Tao－tile，Olfactory）单侧感觉丧失（Unilateral Neglect）绝望（Honelessness）无能为力（Powerlessness）（8）认知（Knowing）知识缺乏（特定的）（Knowledge Deficit）（Specify）定向力障碍（Impaired Environmental Interpretation）突发性意识模糊（Acute Confusion）渐进性意识模糊（Chronic Confusion）思维过程改变（Altered Thought Processes）记忆力障碍（ImPaired Memoryy）（9）感觉（Feeling）疼痛（Pain）慢性疼痛（Chronic Pain）功能障碍性悲哀（Dysfunctional Crievins）预感性悲哀（AnticiPatory Crieving）有暴力行为的危险：对自己或对他人（Risk for Violence：Self-Directed or drected at Others）有自伤的危险（Risk for Self－Mutilation）创伤后反应（Post－Trauma Response）强奸创伤综合征（RaPe－Trauma Syndrome）强奸创伤综合征：复合性反应（Repe－Trauma Syndrome：Compound Reaction）强奸创伤综合征：沉默性反应（ Rape－Trauma Syndrome：Silent）焦虑（Anxiety）恐惧（Fear）。
护理学基础专业英语
专业英语之护理学基础篇Part Ⅰ words1.nurse[nə:s]n.护士vt. & vi.护理, 照料2.nursing[ˈnə:sɪŋ]n.护理，看护3.respiration[ˌrespəˈreɪʃən] n.呼吸4.insomnia[inˈsɔmniə] n.失眠(症)；缺少睡眠5.perceive[pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解6.perception [pəˈsepʃən] n.感觉；知觉；理解力7.ingestion [inˈdʒestʃən]n.摄取；吸收8.thermometer[θəˈmɔmitə] n.温度计, 体温表9.rectal[ˈrekt(ə)l] adj.直肠的10.axillary[ækˈsiləri] adj.腋窝的,11.oral[ˈɔrəl] adj.口腔的；口服的12.pulse[pʌls] n.脉搏；13.inhale[inˈheil] vt. & vi.吸气14.exhale[eksˈheɪl] vt.吐出（肺中的空气、烟等）；呼气15.oxygen[ˈɔksidʒən] n.氧气；16.oxygenation[ˌɔksidʒiˈneiʃən] n.给氧17.hypoxia[haiˈpɔksiə] n.组织缺氧,氧不足18.hyperventilation[ˌhaipəventiˈleiʃən] n.换气过度,强力呼吸19.transtracheal[ˌtrænsˌtrəˈki:əl] adj.经气管的plication[ˌkɔmp liˈkeiʃən] n.〈医〉并发症21.supine[ˈsju:ˌpaɪn]adj.仰卧的22.prone[prəun] adj..俯卧的23.elimination[ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃən] n.排泄24.urination [ˈjuəriˈneiʃən] n.排尿25.feces[ˈfi:si:z] n.粪便26.enema[ˈeniməˈenəmə] n.灌肠法27.systolic[siˈstɔlik] adj.收缩的28.diastolic [,daiəs'tɔlik] adj.舒张的29.aseptic[əˈseptɪk] adj.无菌的；经消毒的;防感染的30.asepsis[æˈsepsis] n.无菌; 无病毒31.disinfection [ˌdisinˈfekʃən] n.消毒32.disinfectant[ˌdɪsɪnˈfektənt] n.消毒剂, 杀菌剂33.sterile[ˈsterəl] adj.无菌的, 消过毒的34.sterilize[ˈsterɪlaɪz] vt.消毒;使无菌35.autoclaving[,ɔ:təu'kleiviŋ]n. [医] 高压灭菌法；高压蒸气养护36.parenteral[pæˈrentərəl]adj.肠胃外的,不经肠的,非肠道的;37.gastrointestinal[ˌɡæstrəuinˈtestənl] adj.胃与肠的38.ventilate[ˈventileit] vt.使通风，通风，使通气39.medication[ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən] n.药物治疗40.dosage[ˈdəʊsɪdʒ] n.1. (按剂量的)给药2.（通常指药的）剂量41.injection[inˈdʒekʃən] n.注射, （液体）注入42.syringe[səˈrɪndʒ] n.注射器, 注射筒43.intravenous[ˌɪntrəˈvi:nəs] adj.进入静脉的,注入静脉的,静脉内的44.subcutaneous[ˌsʌbkju:ˈteɪni:əs] adj.皮下的45.venipuncture[ˈvenipʌŋktʃə] n.静脉穿刺,静脉针灸46.epithelial[ˌepiˈθi:ljəl] adj.上皮的,皮膜的47.Part Ⅱ word group1.blood pressure 血压2.physical assessment 体格检查3.holistic nursing care 整体护理4.self-care 自理assessment [əˈsesmənt] n.评估diagnosis [ˌdaiəɡˈnəusis] n.诊断5.nursing process plan[plæn] n.计划（护理程序）implementation[ˌɪmplɪmənˈteʃən] n.实施evaluation[ɪˌvæljʊˈeʃən] n.评价6.morning care 晨间护理7.evenning care 晚间护理8.oral hygiene 口腔卫生9.bedmaking 整理床铺Part Ⅲ Practice1.Nursing process should include five steps _________ (评估)、_______________(诊断)、_____________(计划)、_____________(实施)、_________________(评价)。
内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料Coronary+Artery+Disease(1)-PPT文档资料
The genesis of plague斑块 formation is the result of complex interactions between the components of the blood and the elements forming the vascular wall.
Etiology and pathophysiology病因和病理生理
Development stages 发展过程
CAD takes many years to develops. When it becomes symptomatic, the disease process is usually well advanced.
Health promotion and maintenance 健康促进和维护
Identification of high-risk Management of high-risk Physical fitness Health education Nutritional management Pharmacologic management
Etiology and pathophysiology病因和病理生理
Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化is the major cause of CAD.
It is characterized by a focal deposit of cholesterol胆固醇 and lipids血脂, primarily within the intimal wall of the artery.
医学英语水平考试 考点
医学英语水平考试考点
医学英语水平考试的考点包括但不限于以下内容：
1. 医学专业词汇: 考生需要掌握与医学专业相关的词汇，例如
解剖学、生理学、病理学等方面的词汇。
2. 解剖学: 包括人体的各个器官、组织和系统，以及其名称、
位置、结构和功能。
3. 病理学: 包括疾病的分类、病因、病理机制、病理变化以及
与疾病相关的诊断和治疗。
4. 生理学: 包括人体的各个系统的生理过程，例如呼吸、循环、消化、泌尿等。
5. 疾病与诊断: 包括各种常见疾病的症状、诊断方法、治疗方
法和预防措施。
6. 药物与治疗: 包括各种药物的名称、作用、剂量和用法，以
及不同疾病的治疗方法和药物治疗的原理。
7. 医学研究与实验: 包括医学研究的方法、实验设计、数据分
析和研究结果的解释。
8. 专业文献阅读: 考生需要阅读和理解医学领域的专业文献，
包括期刊论文、研究报告和临床指南等。
以上只是医学英语水平考试的一些常见考点，具体考试内容会根据考试机构和考试级别的不同而有所差异。
考生需要根据自己的具体情况进行针对性的备考。
护理学专业英语单词题库
护理专业英语基础第一部分neur- 神经angi- 血管，管my- 肌gastr- 胃enter- 肠，小肠hepat- 肝chol- 胆cholangi- 胆管-ia表示疾病状态-algia 痛alg-仍可用作词根-dynia 痛-rrhagia 出血-ptosis下垂（可单独用）-itis 炎gastralgia 胃痛gastrodynia 胃痛gastrorrhagia 胃出血gastroptosis 胃下垂cholangiography 胆管造影术cholangiohepatitis 胆管肝炎cholangiotomy 胆管切开术（anatomy 解剖学）trache- 气管bronch - 支气管pneum- 肺，呼吸，空气pneumat- 肺，呼吸，空气肺-pathy 病path仍可作词根-logy 学说-ist 者，人员-logist 学者，学家-scopy 镜检法，检查法-graphy X线照相术，描记法，造影术card- 心/贲门dys- 不良、障碍、困难-rrhea 泛滥intra- 内erythrocyte 红细胞cyt(o) 细胞sub- 下oste- 骨centesis 穿刺术puncture 穿刺gluc(o)- /glyc(o)- 葡萄糖-penia 减少urine 尿液-gen 原albumen 蛋白albumin 清蛋白、白蛋白-lysis 溶解、消退hypo- 低hyper- 高hemat- 血液学labi- 唇dent- 齿peri- 周围pneumonopathy 肺病pneumology 肺病学neurologist 神经科医生pneumography 充气造影术，呼吸描记法vascular 血管的hypopharyngoscopecaries: decay （龋齿、骨溃疡）hepat/ic pertaining to the liversplen/o/pathy disease of the spleenhemat/o/blast an immature undifferentiated blood celllabi/o/dent/al pertaining to the lips and teethperi/cardi/um the membranous sac enclosing the heartdys/men/o/rrhea painful menstrual flow（痛经）intra/erythr/o/cyt/ic within red blood cellssub/peri/oste/al under the tissue that covers the bone (adj. 骨膜下的)contra/in/dic/a/tion that which indicates the inappropriateness of some form of treatment（禁忌症）para/centesis the surgical puncture of a body cavity in order to draw off excess fluid （穿刺术）hyperglycemia 高血糖glucopenia 低血糖glycosuria 糖尿glycogen 糖原gluc(o) - ,glyc(o) - 葡萄糖albuminuretic 蛋白尿的albuminolysis 清蛋白分解第二部分laryng(o) 喉laryngitislaryngologylaryngoparalysis （麻痹）laryngopharyngitis （咽炎）laryngoscopy 喉镜检查nas(o) -;rhin(o) - 鼻rhinorrhea （流，溢）鼻溢液rhinologist 鼻科专家nasopharyngitis （咽炎）鼻咽炎rhinocleisis （闭）鼻塞rhinodynia 鼻痛rhinolalia （音）鼻音rhinolaryngology鼻喉科学pharyng- 咽（喉）pharyngopathy 咽病pharyngodynia 咽痛pharyngolaryngitis （喉炎）咽喉炎pharyngotonsillitis 咽扁桃体炎pneum(o) -;pneumon(o) - 气，肺pneumology 肺病学pneumohemothorax 气血胸pneumonectasis （膨胀）肺气肿pneumonedeme （水肿）肺水肿pneumonemia （血液）肺充血pneumonectomy （切除术）肺切除术pneumonia 肺炎pneumonic 肺炎的pneumonopathy 肺病pneumology 肺病学pneumography 充气造影术，呼吸描记法tonsil(o) - 扁桃体tonsilloadenoidectomy 扁桃体及其腺体切除术tonsillopathy 扁桃体病tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术tonsillitis 扁桃体炎thorac(o) - 胸thoracomyodynia 胸肌痛thoracoplasty （成形术）胸廓成形术thoracoscope 胸腔镜trache(o) - 气管tracheobronchitis （支气管炎）气管支气管炎tracheolaryngotomy 气管喉切开术tracheotomy 气管切开术-pnea 呼吸apnea 呼吸暂停dyspnea 呼吸困难bradypnea （缓慢）呼吸过慢eupnea 呼吸正常pleur(o) - 胸膜pleura 胸膜pleurodynia 胸膜痛，肋肌痛pleuritis 胸膜炎pleuropneumonia 胸膜肺炎The structure of respiration system呼吸系统结构oral cavity 口腔nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal septum 鼻中隔paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦vocal cords 声带lower airway structures 下气道结构chest wall 胸壁the muscles of respiration 呼吸肌pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary vein 肺静脉shallow respiration 浅呼吸deep breath 深呼吸tidal volume 潮气量vital capacity 肺活量expiratory cycle 呼气循环gaseous exchange 气体交换respiratory functioning 呼吸功能respiratory rate 呼吸速率respiratory center 呼吸中枢pulmonary distress 肺窘迫breath through the mouth 张口呼吸takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳sneezing reflex 打喷嚏呼吸swallowing reflex 吞咽反射upper respiratory infection上呼吸道传染restrictive lung disorder 限制性肺疾病obstructive lung disorder 阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺疾患all types of pneumonia 所有类型的肺炎lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎mycoplasma pneumonia 支原体肺炎bacterial pneumonia 细菌性肺炎severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik’s spots 麻疹黏膜瓣（科氏斑）lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤spirometer 肺活量计fetid breath 口臭第三部分nephr(o) -; ren(o) - 肾nephrology 肾病学nephritis 肾炎nephrocolic 肾绞痛nephrolith 肾石nephroma 肾瘤nephropathy 肾病nephroptosis 肾下垂nephropyelitis 肾盂肾炎nephrotuberculosis 肾结核renopathy 肾病renovascular 肾血管的renography 肾造影术glomerul(o) - 小球；肾小球glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎glomerulopathy 肾小球病pyel(o) - 肾盂pyelography 肾盂造影术pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎ureter(o) - 输尿管ureterocele 输尿管疝ureterolysis 输尿管破裂cyst(o) - 膀胱，囊，囊肿cystitis 膀胱炎cystocele 膀胱膨出cystodynia 膀胱痛cystography 膀胱造影术cystoptosis 膀胱下垂cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查urethra(o) - 尿道urethritis 尿道炎urethrocystitis 尿道膀胱炎urethrorrhagia 尿道出血urethrospasm 尿道痉挛urethrostenosis 尿道狭窄ur(o) -;urin(o) - 尿，尿道，排尿urinemia 尿毒症lith(o) - 石，结石lithocenosis 碎石清除术andr(o) - 男，雄androcyte 精子细胞androgen 雄激素acidbase 酸碱acidosis 酸中毒albumin 清蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alkaline 碱性analgesic 止痛剂urinary tract 尿道urethral meatus 尿道口urinary bladder 膀胱bladder tone 膀胱张力renal pelvis 肾盂renal tubule 肾小管kindy or perinephric area 肾或肾周区域vagus nerve 迷走神经epigastric region 上腹部区域cardiac sphincter 贲门括约肌pyloric sphincter 幽门括约肌biliary ducts 胆管lactosuria 乳糖尿fruity breath 呼吸有水果味ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturition 排尿；频尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruria 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿pyuria 脓尿-----------purulent adj.脓的第四部分cardi(o) - 心脏atri(o) - 心房ventricul(o) - 心室arteri(o) - 动脉aort(o) - 主动脉coron(o) - 冠状的sten(o) - 狭窄，狭小stenosis- 狭窄brady- 慢tachy- 快，快速oligo- 少，缺少cardiovascular systerm 心血管系统cardiovascular status 心血管状态left atrium and right atrium 左右心房left ventricle and right ventricle 左右心室coronary arteries 冠状动脉heart valves 心脏瓣膜aortic valve 主动脉瓣valves of the veins 静脉瓣acrocyanosis 手足发绀acyanotic 不发绀的cardioangiology 心血管学cardiocentesis 心穿刺术cardiodynia 心痛cardiohepatomegaly 心肝肿大cardiology 心脏病学cardiomyopathy 心肌病atriomegaly 心房肥大arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄arteritis 动脉炎coronavirus 冠状病毒stenocardia 心绞痛bradycardia 心动过缓tachycardia 心动过速tachypnea 呼吸急促oligocardia 心动过缓heart murmur 心脏杂音arrhythmia 心律失常antiarrhythmic 抗心律失常药cardiocinetic 强心药cardiocirrhosis 心源性肝硬化cardiogram 心电图cardionecrosis 心脏坏死cardioneurosis 心脏神经症cardiovalvulitis 心瓣膜炎cardiology 心血管学cardiotoxic 心脏中毒的cardiac 心脏的，强心药cardioaortic 心主动脉的cardiospasm 贲门痉挛第五部分palat(o)- 腭，esophag(o) - 食管palatitis 腭炎palatoschisis 腭裂esophagitis 食管炎esophagocele 食管疝esophagogastroscopy食管胃镜检查esophagostenosis 食管狭窄esophagus 食管gastr（o）-胃，duoden-，十二指肠gastrocolitis（结肠炎）胃结肠炎gastratrophia（萎缩）萎缩性胃炎gastrectomy胃切除术gastritis 胃炎gastroduodenostomy（吻合术）胃十二指肠吻合术gastrodynia 胃痛gastrology 胃病学gastroscope 胃（窥）镜pylor(o) - 幽门pyloroduodenitis（十二指肠炎）幽门十二指肠炎pylorogastrectomy 幽门（及邻近部分胃）切除术pylorospasm 幽门痉挛pylorostenosis 幽门狭窄duoden(o) - 十二指肠gastroduodenectomy （十二指肠）胃十二指肠切除术duodenocholangeitis（胆总管炎）十二指肠胆总管炎duodenoenterostomy（肠）（吻合术）十二指肠小肠造口吻合术enter(o) - 肠，小肠enterogastritis 肠胃炎enterorrhagia 肠出血enterostenosis 肠狭窄col(o) -, 结肠；proct(o) -, 直肠coloclysis 结肠灌洗colonoscopy 结肠镜检查proctocele 直肠突出proctocolitis 直肠结肠炎splen（o）- 脾，hepat(o) - 肝splenectomy 脾切除术hepatitis 肝炎hepatomegaly 肝肿大splenohepatomegaly 肝脾肿大bil(i) -;chol(e) - 胆汁biliary 胆汁的bilirubin 胆红素cholecystalgia（囊）胆绞痛cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术cholecystitis 胆囊炎cecum 盲肠sigmoid 乙状结肠第六部分physical Assessment Examination 体格评估检查a basic screening physical examination 一般身体检查conduct the physical examination 进行体检complete or partial physical examination全面或部分体检comprehensive or problem-related history 综合或与问题相关的病史the nursing history 护理史assessment data 评估资料normal limits of vital signs 生命体征的正常值（范围）abnormal limits of vital signs 生命体征的异常值（范围）take vital signs 测生命体征approach to the patient 接近病人peripheral circulation 周围循环variations from the normal （生命体征）偏离正常值范围blood pressure 血压body temperature 体温oral temperature 口腔温度rectal temperature 直肠温度the axillary (armpit) temperature 腋下温度oral adult temperature 成人口腔温度pulse rate 脉率rhythm and depth of breathing 呼吸的节律和深度rapid (slow) respiration 快（慢）呼吸breath sounds 呼吸音inspection and palpation 视诊与触诊direct observation 直接观察indirect observation 间接观察direct percussion 直接叩诊indirect percussion 间接叩诊direct auscultation 直接听诊indirect auscultation 间接听诊clear sound 清音heart murmurs 心脏杂音duration and intensify 持续与强度nursing record 护理记录objective information 客观资料subjective information 主观资料systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic pressure 舒张压blood pressure readings 血压读数a false reading 假的读数（血压）essential blood pressure 基础血压arterial blood pressure 动脉血压peripheral resistance 周围阻力high (low) blood pressure 高（低）血压essential (primary) hypertension 原发性高血压secondary hypertension 继发性高血压take blood pressure 测血压measure body temperatu 测体温take pulse 测脉搏feel pulse 摸脉count for at least 30 seconds 至少测30sa full minute 一分钟整regular in rhythm 规律的节律strength of the pulse wave 脉搏的强度tongue depressor 压舌板cotton applicator stick 棉签absolute diet (fasting) 禁食balanced diet 均衡伙食convalescent diet 恢复期饮食diabetic diet 糖尿病饮食eucaloric diet 适当热量饮食fat-free diet 无脂饮食salt-free diet 无盐饮食fever diet 热病饮食full diet 全食，普通饮食half diet 半食high caloric diet 高热量饮食high-carbohydrate diet 高糖类饮食high-protein (protein rich) diet 高蛋白饮食low fat diet 低脂饮食low caloric diet 低热量饮食low-protein diet 低蛋白饮食low-residue diet 低渣饮食nourishing diet 滋补饮食obesity diet 肥胖病饮食prenatal diet 孕期饮食regimen diet 规定食谱smooth (soft) diet 细软饮食invalid diet 病弱者饮食light diet 易消化饮食liquid diet 流质饮食high fat diet 高脂饮食The cardiovascular system 心血管系统The circulatory system 循环系统The respiratory system 呼吸系统The digestive system 消化系统The (central) nervous system (中枢)神经系统The immune system 免疫系统The urinary system 泌尿系统The excretory system 排泄系统The reproductive / genital system 生殖系统The endocrine system 内分泌系统The muscular system / musculature 肌肉系统第七部分blood and lymph system 血液及淋巴系统red blood count (RBC) 红细胞记数complete blood count 全血细胞记数white blood cells 白细胞T4 lymphocytes T4 淋巴细胞blood products 血液制品polymorphonuclear leukocyte 多形核白细胞red cell morphology 红细胞形态学分析coagulation disorder 凝血机制紊乱erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 红细胞沉降率blood culture 血液培养bone marrow aspiration 骨髓穿刺吸引术basic metabolic rate 基础代谢率blood transfusion 输血blood component therapy 成分输血治疗homologous blood 同种异体血autologous blood 自体固有血lymph vessels 淋巴管lymph ducts 淋巴管thoracic duct 胸（淋巴导管）lymph capillaries 毛细淋巴管right lymphatic duct 右侧淋巴管lymph nodes 淋巴结acute lymphocytic leukemia 急性淋巴性白血病the growth and infiltration of leukemic cell 白血病细胞的增殖与浸润bleeding disorder 出血性疾病generally unwell 全身不适感swollen lymph glands 淋巴结肿大lymph node dissection 淋巴结解剖Endocrine system 内分泌系统thyroid gland 甲状腺parathyroid glands 甲状旁腺parathyroid hormone (PTH) 甲状旁腺激素thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 促甲状腺激素thymus gland 胸腺pituitary gland 垂体腺pineal gland 松果体腺adrenal glands 肾上腺growth hormone 生长激素diabetes mellitus 糖尿病Type ⅠDiabetes mellitus 1型糖尿病Type ⅡDiabetes mellitus 2型糖尿病blood sugar 血糖blood glucose 血糖fasting blood sugar (FBS) 空腹血糖postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) 餐后血糖glucose tolerant test (GTT) 糖耐量试验diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒thyroid function study 甲状腺功能研究radioiodine therapy 放射性碘治疗glycosuria 糖尿hematology 血液学hematoma 血肿hematuria 血尿hemodialysis 血液透析hyperglycemia 高糖血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hypersecretion 分泌过多hypoglycemia 低糖血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyposecretion 分泌过少morphology 形态学thyroiditis 甲状腺炎hematonosis 血液病hematocytosis 血细胞增多hematocytopenia 血细胞减少erythr(o) - 红erythrocyte 红细胞leuk(o) - 白leukemia 白血病leukocyte 白细胞leukocytosis 白细胞增多cyt(o) - 细胞cytology 细胞学macro - 大，巨，长macrophagocyte 巨噬细胞micro- 小，微，细microbe 微生物microcirculation 微循环phag(o) - 吞噬phagocyte 吞噬细胞dialysis 透析peritoneal dialysis 腹膜透析hemodialysis 血液透析transfusion 输血arterial transfusion 动脉输血blood transfusion 输血direct (immediate ) transfusion 直接输血drip transfusion 滴注输(血)液indirect transfusion 间接输血plasma transfusion 输血浆serum transfusion 输血清venous transfusion 静脉输血，静脉输液emergency care used to control hemorrhage 止血急救terminal diseases 绝症cachexia 恶病质congestion 充血dehydration 脱水petechia 瘀点，瘀斑purpura 紫癫hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少volume 体积第八部分cerebral cortex 大脑皮质cranial nerves 脑神经（十二对）sensory nerves 感觉神经spinal nerves 脊神经motor nerves 运动神经peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统sympathetic nervous system 交感神经系统parasympathetic nervous system 副交感神经系统spinal cord 脊髓cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液cerebrovascular disease 脑血管疾病organic mental disorder 器质性精神障碍acute brain syndrome 急性脑综合症multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化cerebrovascular accident 脑血管意外cephalodynia 头痛cephalohematoma 头颅血肿cephalometry 头测量法cephalonia 巨头症cephalotomy 头部切开术；穿颅术cerebrology 脑学cerebroma 脑瘤cerebromalacia 脑软化cerebrosclerosis 脑硬化cerebrostomy 脑切开(造口)术cerebrotomy 脑切开术cerebrum 大脑encephalo-arterio/graphy 脑动脉造影术encephalodialysis 脑软化encephaloma 脑瘤encephalology 脑学encephalomyelitis 脑脊髓炎hydrocephalic 脑积水的cerebellospinal 小脑脊髓spinal- 脊的cerebellum 小脑craniology 颅骨学craniometer 测颅器craniopathy 颅病cranioplasty 颅成形术plasty 成形术craniopuncture 颅穿刺术puncture 穿刺craniotomy 颅骨切开术，穿颅术aphasia 失语ataxia- 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识unconsciousness 失去知觉convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹yawning 打哈欠第九部分hyperacidity 胃酸过多hyperlipidemia 高脂血症hyperdiuresis 多尿hyperemesis 剧吐hyperemia 充血hypergenesis 发育过度hypergiganto/soma 巨人症hyperglycemia 高血糖（症）hyperhidrosis n. 多汗（症）hyperleukocyt/osis 白细胞过多hypertrophy 肥大hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypocapnia 低碳酸血症hypocellular 细胞过少的Hypochromemia 血色指数过低hypoacidity 胃酸过少hypoacusis 听力减退hypoaldosteronemia 醛固酮减少症hypocrine 内分泌功能减退hypocyto/sis 血细胞减少heat and cold applications 冷、热敷applying hot compresses 热敷applying hot soaks 湿热敷assisting the patient to take a sitz bath 帮病人坐浴applying hot water bottles 用热水瓶applying an ice bag 用冰袋applying cold compresses 冷敷giving a cold (an alcohol) sponge bath 冷水（酒精）擦浴infusion 输入，注入glucose infusion 葡萄糖液输注glucose-saline infusion 葡萄糖－盐水输注saline infusion 盐水输注injection 注射endermic (intracutaneous) injection 皮内注射hypertonic saline injection 高渗盐水注射hypodermic injection 皮下注射intramuscular injection 肌内注射intraocular injection 眼球注射intrapleural injection 胸膜腔注射intrauterine injection 子宫内注射nasal injection 鼻内注射peritoneal injection 腹膜腔注射rectal injection 直肠注射subconjunctival injection 结膜下注射urethral injection 尿道注射vaginal injection 阴道注射irrigation 冲洗vaginal irrigation 阴道冲洗bladder irrigation 膀胱冲洗continuous irrigation 连续冲洗法mediate irrigation 间接冲洗法chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology 病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced) 诱因marital status 婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause 闭经past history 既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom 精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs 体征antecedent 前驱征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重malaise 不适dizziness 眩晕night sweat 盗汗。
内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料myocardial infarction
Pathophysiology 病理生理
Depending on the location of the obstruction in the coronary circulation, different zones of the heart can become injured. • An occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)左冠状动脉前降支will result in an anterior wall myocardial infarct前壁心肌梗死. • Infarcts of the lateral wall侧壁心肌梗死are caused by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery(LCx)冠
Pathophysiology病理生理
• The degree of preestablished collateral circulation侧支循环提前建立also determine the severity of infarction. • In an individual with a history of heart disease, adequate collateral channels may have been established that provided the area surrounding the infarction site with a blood supply and oxygen. • This is one explanation why the young person who has a severe MI is more likely to have a more serious impairment than an older person with the same degree of occlusion.
常用医学护理英语词汇
第一部分 护理英语基本词汇A abandon 放弃，放任，抛弃，放纵abdo men 腹部abdo men distension 腹胀abdo men ultrasound 腹部超声检查abdo minal 腹部的abdo minal breathing 腹式呼吸abdo minal C T 腹部C T检查abdo minal hernias 腹疝abdo minal pain 腹痛abdo minal paracentesis 腹腔穿刺术abduction 外展abducens nerve 外展神经aberrant 异常的ability 能力，才能abnormal 异常abnormality 畸形，异常性abnormal finding 异常发现abortion 流产，流产的胎儿abrasion 磨损，擦伤abrupt 突然的，意外的，不连贯的abruption 分离，分开，脱离，剥离abruptio placentae 胎盘早期剥离abscess 脓肿absence 没有，不在，缺席，缺乏absent 不在的，缺席的，缺少的absent minded 心不在焉的，茫然的，恍惚的absolute contraindication 绝对禁止absorbable suture 可吸收的缝线·１·absorption 吸收absorption of drainage 引流物的吸收abstinence 节制（戒烟、酒或其他嗜好），禁欲abstinence from alcohol 戒除酒精abstract 摘要（病例、病史），摘录，抽象的abstracting ability 抽象的能力abuse 滥用，虐待abuse ：physical ，verbal ，sexual ，financial abuse 身体的，言词的，性的，财经的，虐待或滥用academic 学院的，理论的acarbose （Precose ） 阿卡波糖accelerate 加速，促进acceleration 加速度accentuation 增强，亢进acceptable 可接受的，合格的acceptance 接受，承诺，容忍，赞同access 通路，访问，入门，v t ．接近accessibility 易接近，可到达accessory 辅助的accident 意外事故，事故acco m modate 调节适应acco mpany 陪伴，伴奏acco mplish 完成（任务）等accumulate 积累，积聚accurative 正确的，精确的Accutane 异维A 酸（isotretinoin 制剂的商品名）acebutolol （Sectral ） 醋丁洛尔acetaminophen 唱acetylcysteine 对乙酰氨基酚acetate 醋酸盐acetazolamide 乙酰唑胺acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸盐acetohexamide （Dy melor ） 乙酰苯磺酰环己脲（口服降血糖药）acetone 丙酮acetonuria 丙酮尿acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱acetylsalicylic acid （ASA ） 乙酰水杨酸（阿司匹林）·２·常用护理英语词汇手册achalasia 弛缓不能，失弛缓性ache 疼痛achieve v t ．完成，达到achlorhydria 胃酸缺乏acid 酸；酸的acidosis 酸中毒ackno w ledge v t ．承认acne vulgaris 普通粉刺（痤疮）acoustic 有关声音的，声学的acoustic nerve 听神经acquired 获得的，后天的acquired im munodeficiency syndro me （AIDS ） 后天获得的免疫缺陷综合征acrocyanosis 手足发绀acromegaly 肢端肥大症acromegaly and gigantism 肢端肥大症及巨人症acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节acrophobia 高处恐怖action 行动activate v t ．刺激，使活动activated charcoal 活性炭（药用炭）active listening 积极的倾听activities of daily living （AD L ） 日常生活活动activity 活动activity level 活动水平activity progress notes 活动进程记录actual 实际的，真实的acoustic neuroma 听神经瘤acuity 敏锐（尤指感官）acupuncture 针刺，针灸acute 急性的，尖锐的acute （angle 唱closure ）glauco ma 急性闭角性青光眼acute adrenal insufficiency 急性肾上腺功能不足acute artery thrombosis 急性动脉栓塞acute cholecystitis 急性胆囊炎acute cystitis 急性膀胱炎·３·第一部分 护理英语基本词汇acute dyspnea 急性呼吸困难acute dystonia 急性张力障碍acute epiglottitis 急性会厌炎acute episodic w heezing 急性发作喘鸣acute exacerbation 急性加剧acute glo merulonephritis 急性肾小球性肾炎acute idiopathic polyneuropathy （Guillian 唱Barre syndro me ） 急性自发性多发性神经病acute interstitial pneumonitis 急性间质性肺炎acute laryngitis 急性咽炎acute left ventricular failure 急性左心室衰竭acute leukemia 急性白血病acute lo w er gastrointestinal bleeding 急性下胃肠道出血acute myocardial infarction 急性心肌梗死acute onset 急性发作acute otitis media 急性中耳炎acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎acute pulmonary edema 急性肺水肿acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS ） 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory failure 急性呼吸衰竭acute rheumatic fever &rheumatic heart disease 急性风湿热及风湿性心脏病acute nasosinusitis 急性鼻窦炎acute small intestine obstruction 急性小肠梗阻acute spasmodic laryngitis （spasmodic croup ） 急性痉挛性喉炎acute tracheitis 急性气管炎acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding 急性上胃肠道出血acyanotic 不发绀的adapt v t ．使适应adaptable 能适应的adaptability 适应性added care 加强护理addict n ．v t ．沉溺，上瘾（的）人addison ’s disease 慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退·４·常用护理英语词汇手册addition 加，增加物，增加additional 附加的，另外的adduct v t ．使内收adduction 内收作用aden ，adenoid 腺，腺样的adenocarcino ma 腺癌adenoma 腺瘤adenovirus 腺病毒的adequacy 适当，足够adequate 适当的，足够的adequate fluid intake 足够的液体摄入adequate kno w ledge 足够的知识adhere v i ．黏附，坚持adherence 黏附，依附adhesion 支持adhesive tape 粘胶带（布，纸或塑料带）adipose tissue 脂肪组织adjacent 接近的，毗连的adjunct 附件，附属物；附属的adjust v t ．调整，校准adjustment 调整administer v ．管理，治理，执行，给药administer afterload reduction medication 给予降低后负荷的药物administer analgesic 给予镇痛剂administer and monitor I V fluid 给予及监察静脉注射输液administer antibiotic as prescribed 按处方给服抗生素administer care of endotracheal tube 给予气管插管护理administer corticosteroid 给服皮质激素administer digitoxin 给服地高辛administration 管理admission 收入院，承认admission nursing assessment 入院护理评估admission of patient to the operation room 病人进入手术室admit v ．容许，承认，接纳admit data ，patient ’s identification and demographic data 入院资料，身份证及户口资料·５·第一部分 护理英语基本词汇adolescent 青春期adolescent ’s reaction 青春期的反应adopt v t ．采纳，收养adrenal 肾上腺；肾上腺的adrenalectomy 肾上腺切除术Adrenalinn 肾上腺（epinephrine ）制剂的商品名adrenergic 肾上腺素能的；肾上腺素能药adrenocortical 肾上腺皮质的adrenocortical insufficiency （Addison ’s disease ） 肾上腺皮质功能减退症（艾迪生病）adrenocorticotrophim hor mone （AC T H ） 促肾上腺皮质激素Adriamycin 多柔比星，阿霉素，盐酸阿霉素（doxorubicin hydrochloride ，盐酸多柔比星）制剂的商品名adult 成年人，成年的adult daycare center 成人日间护理中心adult injection clinic 成人注射诊室adult respiratory distress syndro me 成人呼吸衰竭综合征adventitious 偶发的，偶然的，外来的adverse effect 副作用adverse drug reaction 药物的不良反应advise v t ．劝告，忠告，建议advocacy group 拥护，辩护组advocate v t ．拥护（主张，意见等）；拥护者aerobic 有氧的，增氧健身法的aerobic exercise 有氧运动aesthetic 美的，审美的A FB smears 抗酸杆菌涂片afebrile 不发热的affect 影响，感情，情感，（疾病）侵袭affected 患病的，受到影响的，受（疾病）侵袭的affection 感情affiliation 联系，从属关系after cast applied should be w atching 上石膏反应观察afterload 后负荷after w ard 后来against p rep ．相反，反对，靠着，倚着·６·常用护理英语词汇手册age discrimination 年龄歧视aged 年老的，时间长的agenesis 发育不全，无生育能力agent 因子，剂，物，因素aggravate v t．加重，恶化aggregation 集合，集合体，聚合aggression 进攻，侵略aggressive 侵犯的，侵略性的aging 老化，衰老aging demographics 老人人口学aging elimination problems 老人的排泄问题agitate v．焦虑不安，激动agitated delirium 激动性谵妄agitation 激动agnosia 认识不能agonist 主动肌，主缩肌，显效药，促效药agoraphobia 广场恐怖agranulocytosis 粒细胞缺乏症agree v i．同意，赞成……的意见ague 疟疾aid in hemostasis 帮助止血ailment 小病，不严重的疾病aimless 无目标的air and ox ygen（O２） 空气及氧气air borne 空气载体air mattress 空气垫褥airflo w 气流airtight 不透气的air w ay 气道akathisia 静坐不能akinesia 运动不能alarm 警报，警钟albumin 白蛋白albumin and total protein（SAA G） 白蛋白及总蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿albuterol（Proventil，Ventolin） 舒喘宁，沙丁胺醇·７·第一部分 护理英语基本词汇alcohol 酒精alcohol and I V drug users 酒精及静脉注射毒品使用者alcohol dependency and abuse （alcoholism ） 酒精依赖及滥用者（酗酒者）alcohol intoxication dro w siness 酒精中毒性嗜睡alcoholic hepatitis 酒精性肝炎alcoholic rehabilitation treatment center 酒精中毒的康复治疗中心alcoholism 酗酒aldosterone 醛固酮alert 注意，警觉alfentanil （Alfenta ） 阿尔芬太尼（镇痛药）align v t ．v i ．排列，成直线aligned 排成直线alignment 排列，成直线alimentary 营养的，饮食的alimentary canal 营养通道alkali 碱alkaline 碱性，碱性的alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶alkalosis 碱中毒alkaptonuria 尿黑酸尿allay v t ．减轻，缓和alleged 声称的，所谓的allergic 敏感的，过敏的allergic eye diseases 过敏性眼病allergic reaction 过敏反应allergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎allergy 变应性alleviate v t ．缓和，减轻allograft 同种异体移植allopurinol 别嘌醇（治痛风药）allotment 分配allo w v t ．允许，承认almonds dried 杏仁干alopecia 脱发，脱毛alpha 唱adrenoceptor blocker α唱肾上腺受体阻滞剂alpha 唱fetoprotein 甲胎蛋白·８·常用护理英语词汇手册alprazolam （Xanax ） 阿普唑仑，三唑安定alter v ．改变alteration 改变，变更，改造alteration in body image 身体形象改变altered mental status 精神状态改变alternate 交替的，轮流的；v ．交替，轮流，改变alternative 两者择一的altitude 高度，海拔altruism 利他主义，关心别人aluminum 铝aluminum toxicity 铝中毒alveolar 小泡的，肺泡的alveolar abscess 牙槽小泡脓肿alveolar sac 小泡囊alveoli 气泡，齿槽突起（alveolus 的复数）alveolus 肺泡，小泡，牙槽Alzheimer ’s center 阿尔茨海默病中心Alzheimer ’s disease 阿尔茨海默病（老年痴呆症）amantadine 金刚烷胺amaurosis fugax 一时性黑ambient 周围的ambiguous genitalia 两性生殖器ambivalence 矛盾的ambulant clinic 门诊ambulate v ．移动，走动ambulation 走动ambulatory 走动的，流动的，非固定的amebiosis （amebiasis ） 阿米巴病amenorrhea 闭经amenorrhea and menopause 闭经及绝经aminophylline 氨茶碱aminotransferase 转氨酶amiodarone （cordarone ）antidysrhythmic 胺碘酮，乙胺碘呋酮，抗心律失常药amitriptyline 阿米替林amlodipine （N orvasc ） 氨氯地平·９·第一部分 护理英语基本词汇amniotic fluid 羊水am monia 氨amnesia 遗忘症，记忆丧失amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术amniocytes or trophoblastic cell 羊膜细胞或滋养层的细胞amnion 羊膜amniotic 羊膜的amniotic fluid studies 羊水研究amount of hemoglobin 血红蛋白量amoxicillin 阿莫西林，羟氨苄青霉素amphetamine 苯异丙胺，苯丙胺amphojel 氢氧化铝凝胶amphotericin B 两性霉素Bamplify v t ．放大amplitude 幅度amputation 截断术amrinone 氨力农（强心药）amylase 淀粉酶amyloidosis 淀粉样变性amyotrophic 肌萎缩的A merican Nurse Association 美国护士协会anaerobes 厌气菌anal 肛门的anal canal 肛门通道anal fissures or fistulas 肛瘘和肛裂anal intercourse 肛门性交anal sphincter tone 肛门括约肌张力analgesia 痛觉缺失，无痛法，止痛法，镇痛analgesic 止痛剂analysis 分析analysis of amniotic fluid 羊水分析analysis of maternal serum 母亲血清分析anaphylactic 过敏的，导致过敏的anaphylactic reaction 过敏反应anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anaphylaxis 过敏症，过敏反应；过敏性〔免〕·０１·常用护理英语词汇手册anasarca 全身水肿anastomosis 吻合术anatomically ad．在解剖学上anatomy 解剖，解剖学，分解，分析ancient 古代，年老者Andrew’s bed use for prone position 安德列床用作俯卧位androgen 雄激素，雄酮android 男性样的anemia 贫血anemia of prematurity 早产儿贫血anesthesia 麻醉anesthetic agent 麻醉剂aneuploid 非整倍的aneurysm 动脉瘤aneurysm of abdo minal aorta 腹主动脉瘤aneurysm of peripheral artery 周围动脉瘤aneurysm of thoracic aorta 胸主动脉瘤anger 忿怒，愤怒angina 咽喉炎，痉挛性、窒息性疼痛angina pectoris 心绞痛angioedema 血管神经性水肿angiogenesis 血管生成angiography 血管造影angio ma 血管瘤angio myolipoma 血管肌脂瘤angioplasty 血管成形术angioscope 血管镜angiotensin 血管紧张素angiotensin converting enzy me inhibitor 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂angiotensinⅡblocker 血管紧张素Ⅱ阻断剂angiotensinⅡreceptor blocker 血管紧张素受体阻断剂angiotensin唱converting enzy me（ACE） 血管紧张素转化酶angle唱closure glauco ma 闭角青光眼animal 动物ankle 踝ankle joint replacement 踝关节置换术ankylosis 关节强硬，关节强直ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎anal fissure 肛裂annoy v．使……苦恼，骚扰annual 一年的annually 一年一次，每年anogenital 肛门生殖的anorectal 肛门直肠的anorexia 厌食anorexia nausea 恶心厌食anorexia nervosa 神经性厌食anoscope 肛门镜anovular 不排卵的anoxia 缺氧antabuse 双硫仑，戒酒硫，双硫醒〔治慢性酒精中毒药〕antacid 抗酸antagonist 对抗肌，拮抗肌，拮抗药，对抗药antecubital fossa 肘前窝anterior 前面的，在前的anterior axillary 腋前anterior posterior diameter 前后径anthrax 炭疽anthropoid 类人的antianxiety 抗焦虑antianxiety and hypnotic agents 抗焦虑和催眠药antiarrhythmic 抗心律失常药antibiotic 抗生素antibody 抗体antibody response 抗体反应anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的anticholinergic effects 抗胆碱能作用anticholinergic medication 抗胆碱能药物anticholinergic syndrome 抗胆碱能药综合征anticholinesterase 抗胆碱酯酶anticipate v．预期，占先anticipatory 预料的，预想的anticoagulant 抗凝剂，抗凝血药；抗凝血的anticoagulant therapy 抗凝血剂治疗anticoagulation 抗凝血作用anticonvulsant 抗惊厥药antidepressant 抗抑郁药antidiuretic hor mone（AD H） 抗利尿激素，血管升压素antidote 解毒剂，解毒药antiembolism 抗栓药antiemetic 止吐剂，止吐药antifungal agents 抗真菌药物antigen 抗原antihistamine 抗组胺antihypertensive 抗高血压药anti唱inflam matory agents 抗炎药物antimicrobial 抗微生物，抗菌antimicrobial sensitivities 抗菌的敏感试验antimicrobial soap or detergent 抗菌肥皂和去污剂antineoplastic 抗肿瘤剂antipathy 憎恶，反感antiperspirant 止汗药，防汗药antipruritic 止痒药物antipsychotic 抗精神病药物antipyretic 退热的；退热剂antirheumatic agent 抗风湿药物antiseptic 抗菌剂antiserum 抗毒血清antitoxin 抗毒素antiviral agent 抗病毒药物anuria 无尿anus 肛门anxiety 焦虑anxiety or depression 焦虑及抑郁症anxious 焦虑的，渴望的anxious mood 焦虑的情绪aorta 主动脉aortic 主动脉的aortic pulsation 主动脉搏动aortic regurgitation 主动脉反流aortic stenosis 主动脉狭窄aortic valve replacement 主动脉瓣置换术aortic valves 主动脉瓣aortic唱cave cannulation 主动脉及腔静脉插管apathy 淡漠，无情，冷淡，情感淡漠，无情感aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血apex of heart 心尖Apgar score 阿普加评分，阿氏评分（出生婴儿１分钟的生理指标）aphasia 语言失能，失语症aphthous ulcer 口疮性溃疡apical 尖，尖端，顶点apical impulse 心尖搏动aplastic 发育不全的apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息apocrine gland 顶浆分泌腺apparatus 器械，装置，仪器，器官，机构apparent 显然的，外观上的appearance 外貌appearance and odor 外观和气味appendecto my 阑尾切除术appendicitis 阑尾炎appendix 阑尾，蚓突，附录，附属物，附件appetite 食欲apple juice 苹果汁apple sause 苹果沙司appliance 应用，适用，器械，装置，支架，器械架apply side rail 应用侧床栏appointment 预约，安排appreciation 赏识，鉴识，感激apprehension 理解，理解力，忧虑approach 研究，探讨，方法，接近，进路（手术）appropriate 适当的appropriate drug regimen 适当的药物疗法appropriate for injection into thigh 适合于大腿注入appropriate shelter 适当的庇护appropriate to methods of sterilization 适当的消毒方法appropriate vocabulary 适当的词句approve 准许，赞同approximately 大约，大概apraxia 运用不能，失用apricot 杏aqua glycolic 乙二醇液Aqua M E PHY T O N 维生素K１（phytonadione）的商品名aqueous 水的，水样的aqueous glutaraldehyde 戊二醛水溶液aqueous humor 房水arch 弓，足弓，弓形纹areola 小区，晕argument 争论，辩论arise v．站立，上升，出现，兴起arm 手臂arousal 觉醒arrange v．排列，整理，安排arrangement 排列，安排arrest 阻滞，停止arrhythmia 心律失常，不整arsenic 砷artane 安坦arterial blood gases（ABG） 动脉血气arterial blood gas（ABG）analysis 动脉血气分析arterial catheter 动脉导管arterial embolecto my 动脉血栓切除术arterial pressure monitoring 动脉压监测arteriography and venography 动脉造影和静脉造影arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease 冠状动脉硬化病arteriovenous 动静脉的，连接动静脉的arteriovenous fistula 动静脉瘘artery 动脉artery embolism 动脉栓塞arthritis 关节炎arthropods 节肢动物arthroscope 关节镜arthroscopy resection and repair 关节镜下切除术或修复article 物品，商品articulation 关节artificial 人工的，人造的，假的artificial heart 假体心脏as soon as possible 尽可能快asbestos 石棉ascend v．上升，攀登ascending thoracic aorta 升主动脉瘤ascites 腹水ascorbic（vitamin C） 维生素Casepsis 无菌aseptic delivery of packing contents 递送包装的无菌内容物aseptic principles 无菌原则aseptic syringe 无菌注射器aseptic technique maintained 保持无菌技术aseptic bulb syringe 连橡皮球的注射器（灌洗或吸痰用）aspartate 天冬氨酸，天冬氨酸盐aspect 外观，方面aspirate 抽吸物，吸出物；v．抽吸aspiration 吸引（术），误吸aspiration of spinal fluid 抽吸脊髓液aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎aspirate secretion 抽吸分泌物aspirin 阿司匹林assault 攻击assay v．n．测定，分析，化验；测定法assert v．主张，声明，断言，维护主权assess v．估定，评定assess fetal maturity 检查胎儿的成熟度assess level of consciousness 检查意识水平assess responsiveness 检查反应情况assess the acid唱base balance 测定酸碱平衡assessment 评价asset 资产，有用的东西assign v t．分配，指派assist v．参与assistance needed 需要帮助assistant 助手，助理assisting patient in activities 帮助病人进行活动associate 同伴，伙伴；v．联合，联想association 结合，协会，相关，关联，联合assume v．假定，承担，摆架子asterixis 扑翼性震颤asthma 哮喘asthma clinic 哮喘诊断asthmatic bronchitis 哮喘性支气管炎astig matism 散光asy m metric chest expansion 不对称的胸部扩张asy m metric posturing 不对称的姿势asy m metry of extremities 不对称的肢体asy mptomatic 无症状ataxia 共济失调ataxic 共济失调的atelectasis（lung collapse） 肺不张atenolol（Tenormin） 氨酰心安atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化atherosclerotic changes 动脉硬化改变atherosclerotic唱occlusive disease 动脉硬化阻塞性病Ativan 劳拉西泮（抗焦虑药）atmosphere 大气，气氛atopic dermatitis（Eczema） 特应性皮炎（湿疹）atony 张力缺乏，张力弛缓，弛缓，无力atresia 闭锁atrial 心房atrial fibrillation 心房震颤atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial premature beats（atrial extrasystoles） 房性早搏（房性期外收缩）atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞atrioventricular bundle of His 希氏房室束atrioventricular dissociation 房室分离atrioventricular junction rhythm 房室分界节律atrioventricular node 房室结atrophy 萎缩atrophic endometrium 子宫内膜萎缩atrophic vaginitis 萎缩性阴道炎atropine and pralidoxime 阿托品及解磷定attach v．附加，系，贴，缚attach ECG 连接心电图attachment 附着，附着体，附件，附属品；依恋attack 发作，发病，攻击attain v．达到，获得attempt 努力，尝试，企图；v t．尝试，企图attend v．参加，注意，照料，出席，随从attending to the co mfort of patient 注意病人的舒服attendant 护理员，侍者，服务员attention 注意力，关心，关注attitude 态度atypical 非典型的atypical（dysplastic）nevi 不典型的（发育不良的）痣atypical pneumonia 非典型肺炎audible 听得见的audiologist 听力学专家audiology 听力学audiotape 录音磁带auditory 听觉的，耳的，听力的aug ment v．增加，增大aura 气味，气氛，先兆auricle 耳郭auscultate v．听诊auscultation 听诊auscultation of fetal heart唱beat 胎儿心音听诊auscultation w heezing，crackle 听诊喘鸣音和干 音authorize v．授权与，批准，委托代替，使……有理，辩护authority 权威，权力autism 孤独癖，自我中心主义，缄默症autograft 自体移植automatic 自动的，无意识的autoim mune disease 自身免疫性疾病autoim mune hemolytic anemia 自身免疫性溶血性贫血autoim munity 自体免疫autonomic 自律药；自主的，自律的autonomy 自主性autopsy 尸体解剖autosomal 正染色体的，常染色体的autosomal dominant inheritance 常染色体的显性遗传autosomal recessive inheritance 常染色体的隐性遗传autosome 常染色体，正染色体autotransfusion 自身输血availability 有效，有用，有益available 有用的，有空的，可利用的average 平均，平均值averse 不愿意的，反对的aversion 厌恶avocado 鳄梨（奶油果）avoidance 回避aw ake v t．唤醒；v i．醒，觉醒aw areness 意识，知觉axial 轴的，轴向的axilla 腋axillary 腋窝的axillary temperature 腋下体温axis 轴azidothy midine（AZ T） 叠氮胸苷azotemia 氮血症BB唱ly mphocytes B淋巴细胞Babinski 巴宾斯基征babysitter 临时照顾幼儿者bacillary dysentery 细菌性痢疾Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin（BCG）卡介苗back 背back surgery laminecto my 背部手术，椎板切除术backache 背痛background 背景bacon 咸肉，熏肉bacterial 细菌的bacterial agents，escherichia coli 细菌物质，埃希大肠杆菌bacterial conjunctivitis 细菌性结膜炎bacterial keratitis 细菌性角膜炎bacterial overgro w th 细菌过度生长bacterial peritonitis 细菌性腹膜炎bacterial pneumonia 细菌性肺炎bacterial vaginosis 细菌性阴道病bacterial（cocci，bacilli，spirilla） 细菌的（球菌，杆菌，螺旋体）bactericidal 杀菌的baggy 悬垂的Bailey rib retractor 贝氏肋骨牵开器baked（roast） 烧烤balance 平衡baldness（alopecia） 秃发，脱发balloon 气球ballottement 冲击触诊法banded 扎紧bandage 绷带barbecue 烤肉；v．烤肉barbiturate 巴比妥bargain v t．讲价，交易，意料barium esophagography 食管吞钡摄影barium of upper G I imaging 上消化道吞钡影像barotrauma 气压伤barrier 屏障，障壁basal cell layer 基底细胞层base cell carcino ma 基底细胞瘤basal ganglia 基底核baseline 基线basil po w der 紫苏粉basis 基础basophil 嗜碱粒细胞bath oil 沐浴油bathroom 浴室bath soap 浴皂bath solution and medication 沐浴液及药物bath to w el 浴巾bathing 沐浴bathing infant 新生儿沐浴bathtub 浴缸batter v．猛击battery 电池bear v t．负担，忍受，带给bearing 支撑，生育beat 跳动，敲声 v t．敲，打 v i．搏动beat steady 心跳稳定bed making 铺床bed bath 床上浴bedbug 臭虫bedpan 便盆bed scale 床上磅称bedside co m mode 床边便桶bedside lamp 床边灯bedside rails raised 升起床边围栏bedtime 就寝时间bedsore 褥疮（decubitus）bedspread 床罩单beef 牛肉beef broth 牛肉汤beforehand 预先准备好的，预先，提前behave v i．举动，举止，运转v t．行为表现behavior 举止，行为behavior irritable 激动的行为behavioral therapy 行为治疗belief 相信，信仰Bell’s palsy 贝尔麻痹，面神经麻痹belonging 个人拥有物belo w the patella 髌骨下belt 带，腰带Benadryl 盐酸苯拉明制剂的商品名benazepril 贝那普利〔抗高血压药〕Bence Jones protein 本斯·琼斯蛋白bend n．v．弯，弯曲bend knee 弯膝bending 弯身beneficial 有益的，有用的benefit 利益，好处；v t．有益于，有助于benign 良性的，温和的benign esophageal lesion 良性食管病变benign esophageal neoplasm 良性食管肿瘤（新生物）benign nasal tumor 良性鼻肿瘤benign prostatic hyperplasia 良性前列腺增生benign tumor of liver 良性肝肿瘤benign tumor of the sto mach 良性胃肿瘤bent v．弯曲，屈服，致力于benzodiazepine 苯二氮 类（任何一类弱安定药，包括安定）benztropine 甲磺胺苯扎托品bereavement 丧亲beta唱adrenergic blocking agent β唱肾上腺素阻断剂betray v．背叛beverage 饮料bewilder v．迷惑，混乱bibasilar 双侧基底部bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐bicuspid or mitral valves 二尖瓣或僧帽瓣bilateral 双侧的bilateral nares 双侧鼻孔bilateral subtotal lobecto my 双侧次全肺叶切除术bilateral vocal cord paralysis 双侧声带麻痹bile 胆汁bile ascites 胆性腹水bile melanin 胆黑素bile salt malabsorption 胆盐吸收不良biliary 胆汁的biliary tract 胆管biliary obstruction 胆管阻塞biliary stricture 胆管狭窄bilirubin 胆红素bilirubin direct test 胆红素直接试验bilirubin indirect test 胆红素间接试验bind v．捆绑binge 狂欢作乐biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard hamper or bag（red color） 生物危害物废弃桶或袋（红色的）biohazardous（infectious）w aste 生物危害（感染性）废弃物biological 生物学的biology 生物，生物学biophysical 生物物理的bioprosthesis valves 生物假体瓣（人工瓣膜）biopsy 活组织检查biosynthetic 生物合成的bipolar 双极的bipolar disorder 双极情感障碍（既有狂躁又有抑制的精神病）bird and rodent，mites 鸟及啮齿动物，小虫birth place，nation 出生地，国籍birth w eight 出生体重bisacodyl 比沙可啶，双醋苯啶（泻药）biscuit 饼干bismuth 铋bismuth subsalicylate 次水杨酸铋bitter 苦，苦味；苦味的，痛苦的bizarre 奇异的，古怪的black bean 黑豆black color 黑色blackout （暂时）的眩晕， （记忆）的中断bladder 膀胱bladder aug mentation 膀胱增大bladder cancer 膀胱癌bladder infection 膀胱感染bladder training 膀胱训练blade 刀片，叶片，板，叶鞘blanch v t．变白bland 无味的，清淡的，刺激性少的blanket 毯子blast 一阵（风），爆炸，原始细胞 v t．爆炸，毁灭bleed v t．使出血，放血；v i．出血bleeding time 出血时间blend v t．混合n．混合blepharitis 睑炎blepharoplasty 睑成形术blind 盲，盲目，挡板，遮光帘blister 水泡bloat v t．使膨胀 v i．膨胀，肿起block 块，片，部件，阻滞，阻断blocker 阻滞剂blood lipid abnormalities 血脂异常blood pressure 血压blood pressure cuff 血压计袖套blood test 验血blood transfusion 输血blood typing 血型检定blood area nitrogen（BU N） 血尿素氮blue nevi 蓝痣blue sclera or yello w sclera 蓝色巩膜或黄色巩膜bluish discoloration 变紫蓝色blunt 钝的，生硬的blur v．把（界线，视线等）弄得模糊不清blurred vision 视力模糊blurry 模糊的，不清楚的B唱mode ultrasonography B型超声波board 木板，甲板，膳食body image 身体形象。
医学护理专业英语词汇大全
医学护理专业英语词汇大全根据医院日常应用以及接待外宾时常用短语、句型，总结出最实用，最经典的词汇、短语、句型。
使大家可以在不管是备战雅思、医学英语等级考试还是医院用语都能有帮助。
门诊部Topic 1、挂号咨询Topic 2、病历Topic 3、医生问诊Topic 4、候诊Topic 1单词：挂号take a registration挂号处 registration office专家号expert number普通号 average number挂号费 registration fee大厅main floor内科 medical department医务部medical administration division院办 hospital administration office护理部 nursing department值班室 duty room医护办公室 staff office填表内容：name 、age、 gender、 address 、work place、 post code、 ID number、 telephone number句型：where don’t you feel well?which department do you want to register with?you have to fill in this registration card. The registration card contains ( ).Topic 2单词：办理病历buy a case history史 past medical history家族史family history个人病史 personal history过敏史allergies检查资料Inspection data血液检查 blood test化验室数据laboratory data一般资料 physical data生理指标 physical signs其他检查数据 other lab data住院治疗情况 hospital course卡的种类 medical card医疗卡 social security card医保卡 medical insurance card信用卡 bank card / fiscard句型：she has much experience with that kind of case.She made a clinical record for the patient.The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza. Topic 3单词：诊断方法diagnostic method望诊inspection问诊inquiry听诊 auscultation叩诊 percussion触诊palpation面部facial organs眉毛 eyebrow睫毛 eyelash眼皮eyelids鼻子nose下巴chin鬓角 temple瞳孔 pupil嘴mouth舌头 tongue额头forehead眼睑 eyelid面颊cheek嘴唇 lip药物种类：止痛药analgesics [ˌænəl'dʒi:zɪks]止咳药 antitussive [ˌæntɪ'tʌsɪv]利尿药diuretics [daɪ'jʊəretɪks]止泻药antidiarrheal ['æntɪdəri:l]解毒药 antidote [ˈæntidəʊt]抗癌药anticarcinogen [ænti:kɑ:'sɪnədʒɪn]抗凝药anticoagulant [ˌæntikəʊˈægjələnt] 美 [ˌæntikoʊˈægjələnt]血管舒张药vasodilator [ˌvæsəʊdaɪ'leɪtə]退烧药antipyretics [æntɪpaɪ'retɪks] 美 [æntɪpaɪ'ret ɪks]祛痰药expectorant [ɪkˈspektərənt] 美 [ɪkˈspɛktərənt］止血药hemostatic [ˌhi:mə'stætɪk]止痒药antipruritic [ænti:p'rʊərɪtɪk] 美 [æntai:p'r ʊərɪtɪk]抗风湿药antirheumatic [æntɜ:'hu:mætɪk] 美[ænt ɜ:'hu:mætɪk]抗菌/抗生素antibiotics [ˌæntɪbaɪ'ɒtɪks]强心药cardiac tonic [ˈkɑ:di:ˌæk ˈtɔnɪk]血管收缩药vasoconstrictor [ˌvæsəʊkən'strɪktə]抗癫痫药antiepileptic [æntaɪpɪ'leptɪk]镇静药sedative [ˈsedətɪv]解痉药antispamodic***anesthetics [æntɪspæz'mɑdɪk] ＊＊＊[ænɪs'θɪtɪks]句型：what are the symptoms?Can you tell me how did it get started?Topic 4单词：处方prescription看处方you’re your prescription过敏be allergic to消毒sterilize [ˈsterəlaɪz]棉球swab [swɒb]皮试skin test反应reaction预约make an appointment with the receptionist可能引起过敏的食物：小麦wheat鸡蛋egg乳制品dairy products [ˈdeəri]香蕉banana花生peanut鱼fish腰果lumbar [ˈlʌmbə(r)] beans芝麻sesame酱油soy sauce句型：Hold still please .It is important that you don’t skip a day, or the treatment will be of no effect.You should follow your treatment with plenty of rest in bed.急诊室Topic 1、receiving the call and sending the ambulanceTopic 2、emergency patient receivingTopic 3、inquiry and settlementTopic 4、Emergency arrangementTopic 1单词：救护车ambulance急救医护人员paramedic [ˌpærəˈmedɪk]现场scene医院医师内科医师pysician [fɪˈzɪʃn]神外医师neurosurgen麻醉科医师anesthetist [ə'nesθɪtɪst]理疗科physiotherapist [ˌfɪziəʊˈθerəpɪst]营养科医师dietician [ˌdaɪɪ'tɪʃən]流行病医师epidemiologist [ˌepɪˌdi:mɪ'ɒlədʒɪst]妇科医师gynecology [ˌgaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪ]泌尿外科医师urological surgeon [ˌjʊərə'lɒdʒɪkl]药剂医师pharmacist [ˈfɑ:məsɪst]整形科医师plastic surgeon传染病科医师doctor for infectious diseases [ɪnˈfekʃəs]卫生医师hygienist [haɪˈdʒi:nɪst]助产士midwife急救 making an ambulance人工呼吸artificial respiration [ˌrespəˈreɪʃn]输氧oxygen therapy输血blood transfusion [trænsˈfju:ʒn]止血 stop/arrest the blood止咳喘relieve dyspnoea and cough [dɪs'pni:ə]句型：please tell me what the matter is.Try to calm down,madam.So tell me where you are and we’ll be there.Could you tell me exactly where you are?Can you tell me your phone number?We will have an ambulance in about ten minutes.Please put a bandage round the wound.Clean cloth instead of bandage is okay.Don’t move him .Hold still. Arresting bleeding is the most important thing at this moment. There is an accident on the Third Ring Road and a man has been knocked down by a car. I’ll get to the scene. Tell the ambulance driver to be prepared.Topic 2单词：担架stretcher轻点easy does it.氧气罩oxygen mask遭遇encounter人体所需营养：糖sugar蛋白质protein无机盐inorganic salt/mineral脂肪fat水water维生素vitamin句型：Prepare ice pack for the patient. Bandage the wound. Put a piece of cloth on the wound to diminish the inflammation . He hasn’t got up yet.Topic 3单词：诊断diagnosis开药方prescribe打针inject肌肉注射intramuscular injection预防注射inoculation止血arrest the bleeding of blood治疗treatment配药fill a prescription皮下注射hypodermic injection静脉注射intravenous injection点滴注射fluid infusion句型：Try to move your arm as little as possible. Your elbow seems to be not all right.So to be on the safe side, you’d better go to see the doctor. Where do you feeluncomfortable?Topic 4单词：关节joint膝盖骨kneecap骨盆pelvis肝脏liver胆囊gall bladder胰腺 pancreas脾spleen十二指肠 duodenum阑尾 appendix盲肠 blind gut食管 gullet热敷 hot compress冷敷 cold compress洗胃 gastric lavage灌肠 enema导尿 urethral catheterization包扎 dress拆线 remove the stitches止血 hemostasis缝合切口 sew up the incision心脏按摩 cardiac massage句型：Are you the patient’s relation? We are arranging the operation. Be calm and listen to me. His condition is a little serious. His legs was seriously damaged. So perhaps it has to be amputated. He has lost much blood. But it only released his condition.Yes, we will try but not definitely. We need your signature on the operation report/the guarantee letter. That can release his condition. He needs blood transfusion. I promise you to try our best.外科Topic 1、handling injury or woundTopic 2、operation schemeTopic 3、preoperative preparationTopic 4、recuperation after the operationTopic 1单词：割伤cut烫伤burn出血 bleeding瘀伤 bruise外伤 trauma晒伤 a sun burn手指扭伤sprained finger骨折fracture扭伤 sprain擦伤 scratch烫伤 scald脱臼dislocation蜜蜂蛰伤 a bee sting句型：Put her on the bed. Here are some anti-inflammatory tablets. Take off her watch, ring and anything bounding her. Don’t rip away the cloth on the burn, or it would be infected. Help her wash the wound under the running water. Don’t apply anything to the burn till it is suggested or ordered by the doctor. For example someone will apply some gentian violet to the burn, but the color is too dark that it makes impossible for the doctor to see the burn clearly.Topic 2单词：器官移植organ transplantation心脏heart肺 lung肾kidney骨髓bone marrow肝移植liver transplantation胃gastric transplantation毛发 hair transplantation干细胞移植 stem cell transplantation疗法 therapies针灸疗法 food therapy中医疗法 traditional Chinese medicine therapy音乐疗法 music therapy精神疗法 psychiatric therapy句型：Are you the relative of Yolanda？We have worked out the operation scheme. What functions can this program perform?Topic 3单词：大脑brain食道 esophagus小肠 small intestine大肠 large intestine直肠rectum句型：Do you feel better? You should be very careful in a week or two.. Do the doctors have much experience in operating? You will get intensive care if your husband stays with you.. That is helpful for your recovery. By the way, is there any problem I need to pay attention to before the operation? Your diet should be given special attention. You just need to relax and keep calm. Has it gotten worse?Topic 4单词：吃药take medicine洗澡 take a bath上厕所 spend a penny换床单 change bed sheets句型：You are going to be discharged from hospital tomorrow. The doctor has written you a certificate for you. Complete recovery will still take a long time. Donnot mention it. That is out duty.内科Topic 1、diagnosis of diseasesTopic 2、consultation 专家会诊Topic 3、prescription and suggestions 开药及提示Topic 4、further diagnosi复诊检查Topic 1单词：咳嗽cough咽喉痛 sore throat花粉热 hay fever痉挛 convulsion神经痛heart disease痢疾 dysentery失眠 insomnia发烧 fever流感influenza肝炎 hepatitis湿疹 eczema肾结石 renal calculus心力衰竭 heart failure阑尾炎 appendicitis疱疹herpes脑中风 stroke打喷嚏 sneeze破伤风 tetanus风湿症 rheumatism贫血 anemis腹膜炎 peritonitis句型：Is there any other symptom？ Last night she had a terrible headache and her nose was stuffed up. Follow the doctor’s words. By the way , does she has a history of pulmonitis? I will write you a prescription. And is she got worse, take her to the hospital immediately. This often occurs at this age. It seems that my throat is inflamed.Topic 2单词：镇静药sedative特效药specific medicine抓药have a prescription made up轻泻药laxative服药 take medicine退热药antipyretic换药change dressings预防药preventative medicine血液成分：血小板 platelets白细胞 white blood cells红细胞red blood cells血浆plasma句型：Sorry to have kept you waiting. Let me introduce these experts to you. They come from several well-known local hospital. I want to ask more detailed questions. What are her symptoms these days. Have you taken her temperature? Does she have a persistant cough? Is her cough more likewheezing? Is she suffering from lack of appetite? We reached a conclusion that she has caught pulmonitis.The illness usually occurs on children who are in poor health. The medicine on it will help her a great deal. You can change dressings for the patient.Topic 3单词：药片tablet药膏ointment药丸pill药粉medicinal powder药水liquid medicine医院分类children’s hospital句型：Can you fill the prescription for me， please？By the way ，you got this prescription from Dr.Karl， didn’t you？Take two of these tablets three times a day after meals. You can also refer to the instructions on it. Make sure you read them carefully. Shake the bottle before drinking. I hope you can recover soon. I have a severe pain in my stomach. You’d better go to children’s hospital for help. Just a moment, please.Topic 4、单词：水痘Chickenpox尿布疹diaper rash口吃stammer腮腺炎mumps上网surf online吃辣椒 eat hot peppers句型：Are you coming for your child’s further diagnosis? How is your child’s condition going? How long does it last? Has she taken medicine on time? Pulmonitis usually occurs on children. If it is delayed ,it may even cause danger of losing life. Is there any remedial measure? Your child’s inflammation is basically controlled. Your child is now our of danger. She will be all right soon if she takes medicine on time. Taking medicine on time is the guarantee of recovering. She is not allowed to dabble in water and have a cold drink, Tuck her up when she is sleeping. She only needs some time to recover.妇幼保健Topic 1、婚前体检 premarital physical examination Topic 2、常规孕检 routine pregnancy checkTopic 3、儿科常见病 common pediatric diseases Topic 4、儿科注射 pediatric injectionTopic 1单词：乳汁不足 lack of lactation引导分泌物 vaginal discharge宫颈糜烂 erosion of cervix宫颈息肉 cervical polyp宫颈肥大 hypertrophy of cervix宫颈粘膜炎 endocervicitis剖腹产cesarean section接触性出血 contact bleeding下腹部肿块abdominal mass常规盆腔检查 pelvic exam乳房自检 breast self-exam宫颈裂伤 cervical laceration妊娠 pregnancy脱垂感 sensation of prolapse外生殖器检查 external genital exam临床乳腺检查clinical breast exam测量指标：体温 temperature身高 height血压 blood pressure脉搏 pulse体重weight心跳 heart beat身体部位名称：肚脐 navel腰waist屁股 buttock臀部 hip锁骨 collar bone脊柱 backbone肩胛骨 shoulder blade腹部 abdomen肩shoulder颅骨 skull肋骨 rib肩关节 shoulder joint胸骨 breastbone句型：It is very necessary to have a CT scan. Do you feel unwell in your （）？Maybe you can measure your （）first. Please describe your trouble in detail to me. When did this pain begin? Are you always in the blues? You should pay special attention.Topic 2单词：检查CT 身体检查CT examination产后检查physical examination心理检查 psychological examination胃肠检查 gastrointestinal examination句型：Well，what was the amount of menstrual flow? When was the your last period? Is your menstruaaion regular? Well， any other discomforts? How about your appetite? I suggest you having a pregnancy test. The result of the pregnancy test is positive. You are pregnant .Congratulations! Where is the pain? I am afraid it is a sign of miscarriage. You should stay in bed except for eating or going to the toilet. I will give some medicine by injection and orally, You should call the emergency immediately whenever the bleeding becomes more severe than usual. Come back in a week for a check up.Topic 3单词：一阵bout小儿科 pediatric department妇产科 obstetrics and gynecology department眼科 ophthalmology department耳鼻喉科 ENT department皮肤科 skin department创伤科 traumatology department麻醉科 anesthesiology department牙科 dental department泌尿科 urology department矫形外科 orthopedic surgery department病理科 pathology department新生儿惊厥 neonatal convulsions高热惊厥 febrile convulsions新生儿肺炎 pneumonia of the newborn早产儿 premature infant拉肚子 suffer from diarrhea昏厥 faint肚子痛 stomachache新生儿肝炎 neonatal hepatitis新生儿败血症 neonatal septicemia背痛 backache呕吐 vomit胸痛 chest pain耳朵痛 earache句型：He had a long bout of illness last year. What seems to be the trouble with your child？ Can you tell me what he had for supper？Has he vomited? Is there any other symptom? Which part? Now you have to take your child to get his tools tested. I will write out a slip for you to take to the library. Wait for a while and pick up the report, and then bring it back to me. Follow the doctor’s advice. I do advise you to remind your child of avoiding oily food for the next few days.Topic 4单词：营养丰富的食物谷类 cereal奶类 milk & diary products肉类 meat贝类 shellfish干果类 nuts蛋类 egg products根茎类 root vegetables鱼虾 fish and prawn豆类 beans and peas瓜果类 fruits句型：It is time for me to give you IV fluids . IV fluids can prevent bacteria from entering your body and causing an infection. This IV fluids must be given slowly so as not to get his heart overloaded. What’s happened? You will be well soon after the injection. What should my child pay attention to after injection. Do not eat spicy and greasy food. They are rich in vitamins and minerals. Thank you for your advice. You would better takeyour child to department of cardiac surgery. You should eat more cereal.中西药房Topic 1、pricing 划价Topic 2、charging and taking medicine 收费和取药Topic 3、dealing with questionsTopic 4、medicine bulk purchaseTopic 1单词：药方、处方prescription 给。
医学护理专业英语词汇大全(三)
Topic 1、婚前体检premarital physical examinationTopic 2、常规孕检routine pregnancy checkTopic 3、儿科常见病common pediatric diseasesTopic 4、儿科注射pediatric injectionTopic 1单词：乳汁不足lack of lactation 引导分泌物vaginal discharge 宫颈糜烂erosion of cervix 宫颈息肉cervical polyp宫颈肥大hypertrophy of cervix 宫颈粘膜炎endocervicitis 剖腹产cesarean section接触性出血contact bleeding下腹部肿块abdominal mass 常规盆腔检查pelvic exam 乳房自检breast self-exam 宫颈裂伤cervical laceration 妊娠pregnancy 脱垂感sensation of prolapse 外生殖器检查external genital exam 临床乳腺检查clinical breast exam测量指标：体温temperature 身高height 血压blood pressure 脉搏pulse 体重weight 心跳heart beat身体部位名称：肚脐navel 腰waist 屁股buttock 臀部hip 锁骨collar bone 脊柱backbone 肩胛骨shoulder blade 腹部abdomen 肩shoulder颅骨skull 肋骨rib 肩关节shoulder joint 胸骨breastbone句型：It is very necessary to have a CT scan. Do you feel unwell in your （）？Maybe you can measure your （）first. Please describe your trouble in detail to me. When did this pain begin? Are you always in the blues? You should pay special attention.Topic 2单词：检查CT 身体检查CT examination 产后检查physical examination 心理检查psychological examination 胃肠检查gastrointestinal examination句型：Well，what was the amount of menstrual flow? When was the your last period? Is your menstruaaion regular? Well，any other discomforts? How about your appetite? I suggest you having a pregnancy test. The result of the pregnancy test is positive. You are pregnant .Congratulations! Where is the pain? I am afraid it is a sign of miscarriage. You should stay in bed except for eating or going to the toilet. I will give some medicine by injection and orally,You should call the emergency immediately whenever the bleeding becomes more severe than usual. Come back in a week for a check up.Topic 3单词：一阵bout 小儿科pediatric department 妇产科obstetrics and gynecology department 眼科ophthalmology department 耳鼻喉科ENT department 皮肤科skin department 创伤科traumatology department 麻醉科anesthesiology department 牙科dentaldepartment 泌尿科urology department 矫形外科orthopedic surgery department 病理科pathology department新生儿惊厥neonatal convulsions 高热惊厥febrile convulsions 新生儿肺炎pneumonia of the newborn 早产儿premature infant 拉肚子suffer from diarrhea 昏厥faint 肚子痛stomachache 新生儿肝炎neonatal hepatitis 新生儿败血症neonatal septicemia 背痛backache 呕吐vomit 胸痛chest pain 耳朵痛earache句型：He had a long bout of illness last year. What seems to be the trouble with your child？Can you tell me what he had for supper？Has he vomited? Is there any other symptom? Which part? Now you have to take your child to get his tools tested. I will write out a slip for you to take to the library. Wait for a while and pick up the report, and then bring it back to me. Follow the doctor’s advice. I do advise you to remind your child of avoiding oily food for the next few days.Topic 4单词：营养丰富的食物谷类cereal 奶类milk & diary products 肉类meat 贝类shellfish 干果类nuts 蛋类egg products 根茎类root vegetables 鱼虾fish and prawn 豆类beans and peas 瓜果类fruits句型：It is time for me to give you IV fluids . IV fluids can prevent bacteria from entering your body and causing an infection. This IV fluids must be given slowly so as not to get his heart overloaded. What’s happened? You will be well soon after the injection. What should my child pay attention to after injection. Do not eat spicy and greasy food. They are rich in vitamins and minerals. Thank you for your advice. You would better take your child to department of cardiac surgery. You should eat more cereal.中西药房Topic 1、pricing 划价Topic 2、charging and taking medicine 收费和取药Topic 3、dealing with questionsTopic 4、medicine bulk purchaseTopic 1单词：药方、处方prescription 给。
护理学专业英语词汇积累
护理学专业英语词汇积累护理学专业英语词汇对于学习护理学的学生来说是非常重要的，它能够帮助学生在学术、实践和职业发展中更好地理解和应用相关领域的知识。
本文将介绍护理学专业常用的英语词汇，涵盖不同方面的内容，旨在帮助学生扩充词汇量，提升英语能力。
一、护理学基础知识（Basic Nursing Knowledge）1. Patient care（病人护理）：refers to the assistance or treatment provided to individuals who are ill, injured, or disabled to help them maintain or regain their health and well-being.2. Nursing process（护理过程）：a systematic approach to care, involving the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing interventions.3. Vital signs（生命体征）：include measurements such as temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiration rate, which indicate the overall health status of a patient.4. Infection control（感染控制）：refers to the measures taken to prevent and control the spread of infections in healthcare settings, such as hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and isolation precautions.二、护理实践（Nursing Practice）1. Bedside care（床边护理）：the care provided by nurses at the bedside of patients, which includes tasks such as giving medication, changing dressings, and assisting with personal hygiene.2. Patient assessment（病人评估）：the systematic collection and analysis of data about a patient's health status to identify their needs and develop a care plan.3. Medication administration（药物管理）：the process of giving medications to patients, including checking the medication order, preparing the medication, and ensuring the correct dosage and route of administration.4. Wound care（伤口护理）：the management of wounds, including cleaning, dressing, and monitoring for signs of infection or healing.三、护理专业技能（Nursing Skills）1. Intravenous therapy（静脉输液）：the administration of fluids, medications, or blood products through a vein, usually using an intravenous (IV) catheter.2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)（心肺复苏）：a life-saving technique used in emergencies to restore blood circulation and breathing in cardiac arrest patients.3. Urinary catheterization（导尿）：the insertion of a thin tube into the bladder to drain urine, often done for patients who are unable to urinate on their own.4. Patient education（病人教育）：providing patients with information and skills to help them manage their health conditions and make informed decisions about their care.四、护理领域专业术语（Nursing Terminology）1. Palliative care（姑息护理）：care provided to patients with serious illnesses to improve their quality of life, focusing on pain and symptom management, emotional support, and decision-making assistance.2. Evidence-based practice（循证实践）：a problem-solving approach that incorporates the best available evidence from research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to inform decision-making in nursing practice.3. Holistic care（整体护理）：care that addresses the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of a patient, taking into account their unique circumstances and preferences.4. Ethical considerations（伦理考虑）：the ethical principles and guidelines that nurses should follow in their practice, such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, and justice.五、护理研究与发展（Nursing Research and Development）1. Quantitative research（定量研究）：a research method that collects numerical data and uses statistical analysis to investigate relationships or patterns.2. Qualitative research（定性研究）：a research method that collects non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations, to gain an in-depth understanding of a specific phenomenon.3. Evidence synthesis（证据综合）：the process of reviewing and analyzing multiple research studies to draw conclusions and make recommendations for practice.4. Quality improvement（质量改进）：a systematic approach to improving healthcare outcomes and processes, often involving the use of performance measures and data analysis.以上是护理学专业常用的英语词汇，它们涵盖了护理学基础知识、实践技能、专业术语以及研究与发展等领域。
医学护理专业英语词汇大全定稿版
医学护理专业英语词汇大全精编W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】医学护理专业英语词汇大全根据医院日常应用以及接待外宾时常用短语、句型，总结出最实用，最经典的词汇、短语、句型。
使大家可以在不管是备战雅思、医学英语等级考试还是医院用语都能有帮助。
门诊部Topic 1、挂号咨询Topic 2、病历Topic 3、医生问诊Topic 4、候诊Topic 1单词：挂号take a registration挂号处 registration office专家号expert number普通号 average number挂号费 registration fee大厅main floor内科 medical department医务部medical administration division院办 hospital administration office护理部 nursing department值班室 duty room医护办公室 staff office填表内容：name 、age、 gender、 address 、work place、 post code、 ID number、telephone number句型：where don’t you feel well?which department do you want to register with?you have to fill in this registration card. The registration card contains ( ). Topic 2单词：办理病历buy a case history史 past medical history家族史family history个人病史 personal history过敏史allergies检查资料Inspection data血液检查 blood test化验室数据laboratory data一般资料 physical data生理指标 physical signs其他检查数据 other lab data住院治疗情况 hospital course卡的种类 medical card医疗卡 social security card医保卡 medical insurance card信用卡 bank card / fiscard句型：she has much experience with that kind of case.She made a clinical record for the patient.The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza. Topic 3单词：诊断方法diagnostic method望诊inspection问诊inquiry听诊 auscultation叩诊 percussion触诊palpation面部facial organs眉毛 eyebrow睫毛 eyelash眼皮eyelids鼻子nose下巴chin鬓角 temple瞳孔 pupil嘴mouth舌头 tongue额头forehead眼睑 eyelid面颊cheek嘴唇 lip药物种类：止痛药analgesics [nl'di:zks]止咳药 antitussive [nt'tsv]利尿药diuretics [da'jretks]止泻药antidiarrheal ['ntdri:l]解毒药 antidote [ntidt]抗癌药anticarcinogen [nti:kɑ:'sndn]抗凝药anticoagulant [ntikgjlnt] 美 [ntikogjlnt]血管舒张药vasodilator [vsda'let]退烧药antipyretics [ntpa'retks] 美 [ntpa'retks]祛痰药expectorant [kspektrnt] 美 [kspktrnt］止血药hemostatic [hi:m'sttk]止痒药antipruritic [nti:p'rrtk] 美 [ntai:p'rrtk]抗风湿药antirheumatic [nt:'hu:mtk] 美 [nt:'hu:mtk]抗菌/抗生素antibiotics [ntba'tks]强心药cardiac tonic [kɑ:di:k tnk]血管收缩药vasoconstrictor [vskn'strkt]抗癫痫药antiepileptic [ntap'leptk]镇静药sedative [sedtv]解痉药antispamodic***anesthetics [ntspz'mɑdk] ＊＊＊ [ns'θtks] 句型：what are the symptoms?Can you tell me how did it get started?Topic 4单词：处方prescription看处方you’re your prescription过敏be allergic to消毒sterilize [sterlaz]棉球swab [sw?b]皮试skin test反应reaction预约make an appointment with the receptionist 可能引起过敏的食物：小麦wheat鸡蛋egg乳制品dairy products [deri]香蕉banana花生peanut鱼fish腰果lumbar [lmb(r)] beans芝麻sesame酱油soy sauce句型：Hold still please .It is important that you don’t skip a day, or the treatment will be of no effect.You should follow your treatment with plenty of rest in bed.急诊室Topic 1、receiving the call and sending the ambulanceTopic 2、emergency patient receivingTopic 3、inquiry and settlementTopic 4、Emergency arrangementTopic 1单词：救护车ambulance急救医护人员paramedic [prmedk]现场scene医院医师内科医师pysician [fzn]神外医师neurosurgen麻醉科医师anesthetist ['nesθtst]理疗科physiotherapist [fziθerpst]营养科医师dietician [da'tn]流行病医师epidemiologist [epdi:m'ldst]妇科医师gynecology [gan'kld]泌尿外科医师urological surgeon [jr'ldkl]药剂医师pharmacist [fɑ:msst]整形科医师plastic surgeon传染病科医师doctor for infectious diseases [nfeks]卫生医师hygienist [hadi:nst]助产士midwife急救 making an ambulance人工呼吸artificial respiration [respren]输氧oxygen therapy输血blood transfusion [trnsfju:n]止血 stop/arrest the blood止咳喘relieve dyspnoea and cough [ds'pni:] 句型：please tell me what the matter is.Try to calm down,madam.So tell me where you are and we’ll be there. Could you tell me exactly where you areCan you tell me your phone numberWe will have an ambulance in about ten minutes. Please put a bandage round the wound.Clean cloth instead of bandage is okay.Don’t move him .Hold still. Arresting bleeding is the most important thing at this moment. There is an accident on the Third Ring Road and a man has been knocked down by a car. I’ll get to the scene. Tell the ambulance driver to be prepared.Topic 2单词：担架stretcher轻点easy does it.氧气罩oxygen mask遭遇encounter人体所需营养：糖sugar蛋白质protein无机盐inorganic salt/mineral脂肪fat水water维生素vitamin句型：Prepare ice pack for the patient. Bandage the wound. Put a piece of cloth on the wound to diminish the inflammation . He hasn’t got up yet.Topic 3单词：诊断diagnosis开药方prescribe打针inject肌肉注射intramuscular injection预防注射inoculation止血arrest the bleeding of blood治疗treatment配药fill a prescription皮下注射hypodermic injection静脉注射intravenous injection点滴注射fluid infusion句型：Try to move your arm as little as possible. Your elbow seems to be not all right.So to be on the safe side, you’d better go to see the doctor. Where do you feeluncomfortable?Topic 4单词：关节joint膝盖骨kneecap骨盆pelvis肝脏liver胆囊gall bladder胰腺 pancreas脾spleen十二指肠 duodenum阑尾 appendix盲肠 blind gut食管 gullet热敷 hot compress冷敷 cold compress洗胃 gastric lavage灌肠 enema导尿 urethral catheterization包扎 dress拆线 remove the stitches止血 hemostasis缝合切口 sew up the incision心脏按摩 cardiac massage句型：Are you the patient’s relation We are arranging the operation. Be calm and listen to me. His condition is a little serious. His legs was seriously damaged. So perhaps it has to be amputated. He has lost much blood. But it only released his condition.Yes, we will try but not definitely. We need your signature on the operation report/the guarantee letter. That can release his condition. He needs blood transfusion. I promise you to try our best.外科Topic 1、handling injury or woundTopic 2、operation schemeTopic 3、preoperative preparationTopic 4、recuperation after the operationTopic 1单词：割伤cut烫伤burn出血 bleeding瘀伤 bruise外伤 trauma晒伤 a sun burn手指扭伤sprained finger骨折fracture扭伤 sprain擦伤 scratch烫伤 scald脱臼dislocation蜜蜂蛰伤 a bee sting句型：Put her on the bed. Here are some anti-inflammatory tablets. Take off her watch, ring and anything bounding her. Don’t rip away the cloth on the burn, or it would be infected. Help her wash the wound under the running water. Don’t apply anything to the burn till it is suggested or ordered by the doctor. For example someone will apply some gentian violet to the burn, but the color is too dark that it makes impossible for the doctor to see the burn clearly.Topic 2单词：器官移植organ transplantation心脏heart肾kidney骨髓bone marrow肝移植liver transplantation胃gastric transplantation毛发 hair transplantation干细胞移植 stem cell transplantation疗法 therapies针灸疗法 food therapy中医疗法 traditional Chinese medicine therapy音乐疗法 music therapy精神疗法 psychiatric therapy句型：Are you the relative of YolandaWe have worked out the operation scheme. What functions can this program performTopic 3大脑brain食道 esophagus小肠 small intestine大肠 large intestine直肠rectum句型：Do you feel better You should be very careful in a week or two.. Do the doctors have much experience in operating You will get intensive care if your husband stays with you.. That is helpful for your recovery. By the way, is there any problem I need to pay attention to before the operation Your diet should be given special attention. You just need to relax and keep calm. Has it gotten worseTopic 4单词：吃药take medicine洗澡 take a bath上厕所 spend a penny换床单 change bed sheets句型：You are going to be discharged from hospital tomorrow. The doctor has written you a certificate for you. Complete recovery will still take a long time. Donnot mention it. That is out duty.内科Topic 1、diagnosis of diseasesTopic 2、consultation 专家会诊Topic 3、prescription and suggestions 开药及提示Topic 4、further diagnosi复诊检查Topic 1单词：咳嗽cough咽喉痛 sore throat花粉热 hay fever痉挛 convulsion神经痛heart disease痢疾 dysentery失眠 insomnia发烧 fever流感influenza肝炎 hepatitis湿疹 eczema肾结石 renal calculus 心力衰竭 heart failure 阑尾炎 appendicitis疱疹herpes脑中风 stroke打喷嚏 sneeze破伤风 tetanus风湿症 rheumatism贫血 anemis腹膜炎 peritonitis句型：Is there any other symptom Last night she had a terrible headache and her nose was stuffed up. Follow the doctor’s words. By the way , does she has ahistory of pulmonitis I will write you a prescription. And is she got worse, take her to the hospital immediately. This often occurs at this age. It seems that my throat is inflamed.Topic 2单词：镇静药sedative特效药specific medicine抓药have a prescription made up轻泻药laxative服药 take medicine退热药antipyretic换药change dressings预防药preventative medicine血液成分：血小板 platelets白细胞 white blood cells红细胞red blood cells血浆plasma句型：Sorry to have kept you waiting. Let me introduce these experts to you. They come from several well-known local hospital. I want to ask more detailed questions. What are her symptoms these days. Have you taken her temperature Does she have a persistant cough Is her cough more like wheezing Is she suffering from lack of appetite We reached a conclusion that she has caught pulmonitis.The illness usually occurs on children who are in poor health. The medicine on it will help her a great deal. You can change dressings for the patient.Topic 3单词：药片tablet药膏ointment药丸pill药粉medicinal powder药水liquid medicine医院分类children’s hospital句型：Can you fill the prescription for me， pleaseBy the way ，you got this prescription from Dr.Karl， didn’t youTake two of these tablets three times a day after meals. You can also refer to the instructions on it. Make sure you read them carefully. Shake the bottle before drinking. I hope you can recover soon. I have a severe pain in my stomach. You’d better go to children’s hospital for help. Just a moment, please.Topic 4、单词：水痘Chickenpox尿布疹diaper rash口吃stammer腮腺炎mumps上网surf online吃辣椒 eat hot peppers句型：Are you coming for your child’s further diagnosis How is your child’s condition going How long does it last Has she taken medicine on time Pulmonitis usually occurs on children. If it is delayed ,it may even cause danger of losing life. Is there any remedial measure Your child’s inflammation is basically controlled. Your child is now our of danger. Shewill be all right soon if she takes medicine on time. Taking medicine on time is the guarantee of recovering. She is not allowed to dabble in water and have a cold drink, Tuck her up when she is sleeping. She only needs some time to recover.妇幼保健Topic 1、婚前体检 premarital physical examinationTopic 2、常规孕检 routine pregnancy checkTopic 3、儿科常见病 common pediatric diseasesTopic 4、儿科注射 pediatric injectionTopic 1单词：乳汁不足 lack of lactation引导分泌物 vaginal discharge宫颈糜烂 erosion of cervix宫颈息肉 cervical polyp宫颈肥大 hypertrophy of cervix宫颈粘膜炎 endocervicitis剖腹产cesarean section接触性出血 contact bleeding下腹部肿块abdominal mass常规盆腔检查 pelvic exam乳房自检 breast self-exam宫颈裂伤 cervical laceration妊娠 pregnancy脱垂感 sensation of prolapse外生殖器检查 external genital exam 临床乳腺检查clinical breast exam 测量指标：体温 temperature身高 height血压 blood pressure 脉搏 pulse体重weight心跳 heart beat身体部位名称：肚脐 navel腰waist屁股 buttock臀部 hip锁骨 collar bone脊柱 backbone肩胛骨 shoulder blade 腹部 abdomen肩shoulder颅骨 skull肋骨 rib肩关节 shoulder joint胸骨 breastbone句型：It is very necessary to have a CT scan. Do you feel unwell in your （）Maybe you can measure your （）first. Please describe your trouble in detail to me. When did this pain begin Are you always in the blues You should pay special attention.Topic 2单词：检查CT 身体检查CT examination产后检查physical examination心理检查 psychological examination胃肠检查 gastrointestinal examination句型：Well，what was the amount of menstrual flow When was the your last period Is your menstruaaion regular Well， any other discomforts How about your appetite I suggest you having a pregnancy test. The result of the pregnancy test is positive. You are pregnant .Congratulations! Where is the pain I am afraid it is a sign of miscarriage. You should stay in bed except for eating or going tothe toilet. I will give some medicine by injection and orally, You should call the emergency immediately whenever the bleeding becomes more severe than usual. Come back in a week for a check up.Topic 3单词：一阵bout小儿科 pediatric department妇产科 obstetrics and gynecology department眼科 ophthalmology department耳鼻喉科 ENT department皮肤科 skin department创伤科 traumatology department麻醉科 anesthesiology department牙科 dental department泌尿科 urology department矫形外科 orthopedic surgery department病理科 pathology department新生儿惊厥 neonatal convulsions高热惊厥 febrile convulsions新生儿肺炎 pneumonia of the newborn早产儿 premature infant拉肚子 suffer from diarrhea昏厥 faint肚子痛 stomachache新生儿肝炎 neonatal hepatitis新生儿败血症 neonatal septicemia背痛 backache呕吐 vomit胸痛 chest pain耳朵痛 earache句型：He had a long bout of illness last year. What seems to be the trouble with your child Can you tell me what he had for supperHas he vomited Is there any other symptom Which part Now you have to take your child to get his toolstested. I will write out a slip for you to take to the library. Wait for a while and pick up the report, and then bring it back to me. Follow the doctor’s advice. I do advise you to remind your child of avoiding oily food for the next few days.Topic 4单词：营养丰富的食物谷类 cereal奶类 milk & diary products肉类 meat贝类 shellfish干果类 nuts蛋类 egg products根茎类 root vegetables鱼虾 fish and prawn豆类 beans and peas瓜果类 fruits句型：It is time for me to give you IV fluids . IV fluids can prevent bacteria from entering your body and causing an infection. This IV fluids must be given slowly so a s not to get his heart overloaded. What’s happened You will be well soon after the injection. What should my child pay attention to after injection. Do not eat spicy and greasy food. They are rich in vitamins and minerals. Thank you for your advice. You would better take your child to department of cardiac surgery. You should eat more cereal.中西药房Topic 1、pricing 划价Topic 2、charging and taking medicine 收费和取药Topic 3、dealing with questionsTopic 4、medicine bulk purchaseTopic 1单词：药方、处方prescription 给。
专科医院护理医学英语能力考核试卷
(B) Neurologist
(C) Ophthalmologist
(D) Urologist
( )
20. Which of the following is a key component of medical terminology?
(A) Prefixes
(B) Suffixes
(A) Autonomy
(B) Beneficence
(C) Nonmaleficence
(D) Justice
( )
10. What are the main components of a medical history?
(A) Chief complaint
(B) History of present illness
(B) Oncology hospital
(C) Orthopedic hospital
(D) Dental hospital
( )
5. In medical English, which term refers to the study and practice of nursing?
(A) Medicine
(D) Conduct surgical procedures
( )
17. Which of the following is a non-invasive medical procedure?
(A) Laparoscopy
(B) Angioplasty
(C) Colonoscopy
(D) CT scan
( )
10. Which of the following is an example of medical terminology?
护理学位英语题库
护理学位英语题库1. Can you briefly explain what a nursing degree entails?A nursing degree is a program of study that prepares students to become registered nurses or advanced practice nurses. It typically includes coursework in anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, nursing theory, and clinical practice. Students also learn how to provide patient care, communicate effectively with patients and healthcare teams, and use medical technology. Many nursing programs also include hands-on clinical experiences in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings.护理学位是一种培养学生成为注册护士或高级实践护士的学习计划。
它通常包括解剖学、生理学、药理学、护理理论和临床实践等课程。
学生还学习如何提供患者护理、与患者和医疗团队有效沟通以及使用医疗技术。
许多护理课程还包括在医院、诊所和其他医疗场所进行实践性的临床经验。
2. What are the different types of nursing degrees available?There are several types of nursing degrees available, including:- Associate's Degree in Nursing (ADN): This is a two-year program that prepares students to become registered nurses (RNs).- Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): This is a four-year program that provides a more comprehensive educationin nursing, including coursework in leadership, research, and community health.- Master of Science in Nursing (MSN): This is agraduate-level program that prepares nurses for advanced practice roles, such as nurse practitioner or nurse midwife.- Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP): This is a terminal degree for nurses who want to pursue leadership or advanced clinical practice roles.可获得的护理学位包括：- 护理学副学士学位（ADN）：这是一个为期两年的计划，旨在培养学生成为注册护士（RN）。
医学专业英语考试重点(护理学用)
第一单元To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
《全国医护英语综合等级证书》医护英语水平考试(护理类)
《全国医护英语综合等级证书》医护英语水平考试（护理类）简介医护英语水平考试（Medical English Test System，METS）是为全国医学院校在校生和卫生技术人员设计的专业外语考试，考查考生的医护专业英语应用能力，为卫生技术人员提供专业英语能力证明，为用人部门录用和考核员工提供参考依据。
该考试被列为国家引智“十一五”规划重点项目目录。
METS考试证书独立发放。
METS面向全国医学院校在校生和在职卫生技术人员的公共英语和医护专业英语考试。
该证书旨在考核考生的公共英语和专业英语的实际综合应用能力，为用人部门录用和考核员工提供参照标准，提升个人竞争力，促进就业。
为落实“关于在国内高、中等医学院校开展《全国医护英语综合等级证书》（护理类）考试通知”（教育部考试中心[2007]23号函）的指示精神，医护英语水平考试办公室（简称：METS考试办公室）决定2009年（上半年）继续在全国各考点举办METS-1、METS-2 、METS-3级的试考（METS-4暂不举行）。
考试成绩合格者将获得对应级别的《医护英语水平考试证书》（护理类）。
一、考试主办机构：教育部考试中心、卫生部护理中心、中华医学会、中华护理学会、中国国际人才交流协会。
二、METS考试政策文件三、METS考试宗旨普遍提高我国医学英语教学的总体水平，从基础教育入手，促进医学教学改革；普遍提升卫生技术人员的综合执业水平，更好地适应国内外医疗机构的执业要求。
以考促学、以考促教，对全国护理教育工作进行研究、指导和服务，制定护理英语专业的统一标准，推动各地护理专业的建设和发展，促进国内护理专业教学的改革，加快我国护理人才国际化建设的进程。
借助国家支持，整合教学资源、外国专家资源、学习国外护理教育先进的教育理念，与国内用人单位的岗位需求相结合，为国家培养更多国际化优秀护理人才。
四、METS考试级别划分METS（护理类）从低到高共分为METS-1、METS-2、METS-3、METS-4，四个级别。
METS医护英语水平考试
1 Introduction to Trauma Care 创伤护理导论2 Patterns of Blunt Injury 钝器损伤的类型3 Mechanisms of Injury ／Penetrating Trauma 损伤发病机制／穿透性创伤4 The Physiologic Response to Injury 对损伤的生理学反应5 Shock 休克6 Measurements of Injury Severity 损伤严重程度的测定7 Prehospital Triage 送医院前伤员分类8 Prehospital Therapy 送医院前的治疗9 FieldTeams ：Composition，Direction, and Communication with the Trauma Center 现场救护队：组成，指导，与创伤中心的联系10 Air Medical and Interhospital Transport 空中医疗和医院间转运11 Trauma Team Activation 创伤救护队的活动12 Organization prior to Trauma Patient Arrival 创伤病人到达前的组织13 Adult Trauma Resuscitation 成人创伤复苏14 Airway Management in the Trauma Patient 创伤病人的气道处理15 Vascular Access 血管穿刺16 Imaging of Trauma Patients 创伤病人的影像17 Operating Room Practice 手术室常现18 Head Injury 头损伤19 Injuries to the Spinal Cord and Spinal Column 脊髓和脊柱损伤20 Soft Tissue Wounds of the Face 面部软组织伤21 Ophthalmic Injuries 眼损伤22 Penetrating Neck Injury 穿透性颈损伤23 Blunt Neck Injury 颈部钝器损伤24 Thoracic Injury 胸部损伤25 Thoracic Vascular Injury 胸部血管损伤26 Abdominal Injury 腹部损伤27 Abdominal Vascular Injury 腹部血管损伤28 Damage Control 损伤的控制29 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome 腹部隔室综合征30 Genitourinary Injuries 泌尿生殖系统损伤31 Orthopedic Injuries 矫形外科损伤32 Pelvic Fractures 骨盆骨折33 Hand Trauma 手创伤34 Compartment Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis 隔室综合征和横纹肌溶解35 Peripheral Vascular Injuries 周围血管损伤36 Soft-Tissue Trauma 软组织创伤37 Priorities in the ICU Care of the Adult Trauma Patient 在 ICU 护理的成人创伤病人的优先项目38 Commonly Missed Injuries and Pitfalls 常遗漏的损伤和易犯的错误39 Anesthesia for the Trauma Patient 创伤病人的麻醉40 Trauma Pain Management 创伤疼痛的处理41 Hypothermia， Cold Injury， and Drowning 低温、冷损伤和淹溺42 Blood Transfusion and Complications 输血和并发症43 Nutrition/Metabolism in the Trauma Patient 创伤病人的营养/代谢44 Support of the Organ Donor 器官供体的保养45 Burns ／Inhalation 烧伤／吸入46 Pediatric Trauma 儿科创伤47 Care of the Pregnant Trauma Patient 妊娠创伤病人的护理48 Geriatric Trauma 老年人创伤49 Rehabilitation 康复50 Venous Thromboembolism 静脉血栓栓塞51 Injury Prevention 损伤的预防52 House Staff Responsibilities 住院医师的责任53 Legal， Ethical and Family Issues 法律、伦理道德和家庭问题54 Miscellaneous Procedures 各种其它操作程序55 oral health education activity 口腔健康教育活动56 Oral Health Education Unit [Department of Health] 口腔健康教育组57 oral poliomyelitis trivalent 脊灰口服剂58 oral toilet 口腔料理59 oral-maxillofacial surgery and dental unit 口腔颌面外科及牙科部60 outbreak 高峰期；发作；流行61 outbreak control 疫症控制；暴病控制62 outcome management project 医疗成效管理计划63 out-of-pocket expenditure by the user 服务使用者自付64 out-patient appointment system 门诊病人预约制度65 out-patient clinic 门诊诊疗所66 out-patient clinical operations support system 门诊临床运作支持系统67 out-patient consultation service 门诊服务68 out-patient department 门诊部69 out-patient registration system 门诊病人登记制度70 outreach community care programme 外展小区护理计划71 outreach health care team 外展医护队72 outreach medical team 外展医疗队73 outreach specialist medical team 外展专科医疗队86 organic psychosis 器质性精神病87 organoleptic inspection 感官检查88 overall incidence 总发病率89 overflow ward 暂时收容病房；后备病房90 overnight room 夜间当值室91 over-sensitivity 过敏92 ovulation 排卵93 ovulation cycle 排卵周期94 ovulation method 安全期避孕法95 on-call duty doctor 候召当值医生96 oncology 肿瘤学；肿瘤科97 one-way referral 单向转介98 onset of labour 分娩阵痛发作99 onset of symptom 症状发作100 on-site triage treatment 现场分流治疗101 occupational disease 职业病102 occupational health 职业健康103 occupational health nurse 职业健康护士104 Occupational Health Officer 职业健康科医生105 Occupational Hygienist 职业环境生师106 occupational mortality 职业性死亡率107occupational neurosis 职业性神经病108 occupational therapist 职业治疗师109 Occupational Therapists Board 职业治疗师管理委员会110 occupational therapy assessment room 职业治疗评估室111 Occupational Therapy Assistant 职业治疗助理员112 ochlophobia 众恐惧113 ocular pathology 眼科病理学114 ocular prosthesis 假眼115 optimal health 理想的健康状况116 optimum occupancy rate [hospital bed] 最适度病住用率117 optometric assessment 视力测验118 Operations and Training Division [Auxiliary Medical Service Headquarters] 行动及训练部〔医疗辅助队总部〕119 Operations and Training Officer [Auxiliary Medical Service 行动及训练主任〔医疗辅助队〕120 Operations Section [Auxiliary Medical Service Headquarters] 行动组〔医疗辅助队总部〕121 Operations Wing [Auxiliary Medical Service volunteer structure] 行动翼〔医疗辅助队志愿架构〕122 operative treatment 施手术123 oral health care 口腔健康护理；口腔卫生服务124 oral health clinic 口腔卫生诊疗所主任医师(讲课) Professor of Medicine 主任医师(讲课) Professor of Medicine 主任医 师(医疗) Professor of Treatment 儿科主任医师 Professor of Paediatrics 主治医师 Doctor-in-charge 外科主治医师 Surgeon-in-charge 内科主治医师Physician-in-charge 眼科主治医师 Oculist-in-charge 妇科主治医师Gynaecologist-in-charge 牙科主治医师 Dentist-in-charge 医师 Doctor 医士师 Pharmacist 药士 Assistant Pharmacist 主任护师 Professor of Nursing 主管护Nurse 主任技师Technologis 技士Technician Assistant Doctor 主任药师 Professor of Pharmacy 主管药师 Pharmacist-in-charge 药 师 Nurse-in-charge 护师 Nurse Practitioner 护士Technologist 主管技师 Technologist-in-charge 技师SeniorHello, may ( can ) I help you? 您好，我可以帮您吗？What seems to be bothering you? 您觉得哪儿不舒服？Do you have a record? 您有病历吗？I`ll transfer you to the surgery department. 我给您转到外科去what`s wrong with you? 您怎么了？Sit down， please. 请坐。
医护英语二级
医护英语二级（原创版）目录一、医护英语二级简介二、医护英语二级的考试内容三、如何备考医护英语二级四、医护英语二级的重要性正文一、医护英语二级简介医护英语二级，全称为卫生专业技术资格考试（护士执业水平考试），是我国卫生行业针对护士岗位的一项专业英语考试。
该考试旨在检验护士在实际工作中运用英语的能力，以满足国内外医疗交流与合作日益增多的需求。
通过医护英语二级考试的护士，可以在国内外医疗机构从事相关工作。
二、医护英语二级的考试内容医护英语二级考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，内容主要包括以下几个方面：1.基础护理：包括护理学基本概念、护理程序、护理技术操作等。
2.内科护理：涉及常见内科疾病的病因、病理生理、临床表现、护理措施等。
3.外科护理：包括常见外科疾病的病因、病理生理、临床表现、护理措施等。
4.妇产科护理：涵盖妇产科疾病的护理知识。
5.儿科护理：涉及儿科疾病的护理知识。
6.医学伦理与法规：包括护士职业道德、医疗卫生法律法规等。
7.医学英语：主要测试护士在实际医疗情境中运用英语的能力，包括阅读理解、翻译、写作等。
三、如何备考医护英语二级1.建立扎实的护理专业知识基础：熟悉各类护理理论、操作技能和相关疾病知识，为英语学习打下基础。
2.加强英语听说读写能力：通过学习英语课程、参加英语角、观看英语医疗节目等途径，提高英语综合运用能力。
3.进行专项训练：针对医护英语二级考试的题型和内容进行专项训练，提高应试能力。
4.做真题模拟题：通过做历年真题和模拟题，了解考试规律，提高答题速度和准确率。
5.参加培训课程：有条件的情况下，可以选择参加医护英语二级培训课程，系统学习考试相关知识。
四、医护英语二级的重要性1.提升职业竞争力：拥有医护英语二级证书的护士，在求职和晋升过程中具有更高的竞争力。
2.拓宽职业发展空间：通过医护英语二级考试的护士可以在国内外医疗机构工作，拓展职业发展空间。
3.提高医疗水平：掌握英语，可以及时了解国际医疗动态，促进国内外医疗交流与合作，提高我国医疗水平。
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第一单元To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。
The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made.骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。
它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。
人体有206根骨头。
骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。
许多长骨里有一个层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。
A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。
颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。
但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。
如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。
Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult.软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。
它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。
它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与耳的结构基础。
一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、骨化，使婴儿长大成人。
The muscular system allows the body to move, and its contractions produce heat, which helps maintain a constant body temperature. Striated muscles can be consciously controlled. The ends of these muscles are attached to different bones by connective tissue bands so that when the muscle contracts, one bone moves in relation to the other. This makes it possible to move the whole body, as when walking, or to move just one part of the body, as when bending a finger. Contractions of the heart and smooth muscles are not under conscious control. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of organs such as the stomach and the intestines and serve to move the contents of these organs through the body.肌肉系统使躯体运动，肌肉收缩产生的热有助于维持一个恒定的体温。
人体能够有意识地控制条纹肌。
结缔组织使肌肉末端附着于不同的骨面上，所以当肌肉收缩时，两骨彼此靠近而产生运动。
这也就使整个人体可以运动起来，如走路，运动躯体某个部位，如弯曲手指。
心脏收缩和平滑肌收缩就不是被意识所控制的。
器官壁层的平滑肌，如胃肠壁的平滑肌把胃肠中的物质运送到全身。
The circulatory system. All parts of the body must have nourishment and oxygen in order to function and grow, and their waste products must be removed before they accumulate and poison the body. The circulatory system distributes needed materials and removes unneeded ones. It is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which together make up the cardiovascular system. The blood is also part of the body's defense system. It has antibodies and whiteblood cells that protect the body against foreign invaders. 循环系统：机体的所有部分需要营养物质和氧气来使之发挥功能和生长，也需要在这些器官所产生的废物积聚而危害生命之前将其排除。
循环系统运送有用物质，排泄废物。
心血管系统是循环系统的组成之一；心血管系统包括心脏、血管及血液。
血液也是机体防御系统的一个部分，血液中有抗体及白细胞来防止机体受到外来的侵袭。
The heart is a muscle that is divided into two nearly identical halves: one half receives blood from the lungs and sends it to the rest of the body, the other half sends blood that has traveled through the body back to the lungs. When the heart muscle contracts, the blood is forced out into arteries and enters small capillaries. Blood returns to the heart through veins. 心脏是一块被分为几乎对等两半的肌肉。