文档.2
空运资料文档 (2)
空运港杂费一.空运进口100公斤以下:报关费120元;劳务费65元;运输费180元;制单费50元100公斤以上:每加1公斤加收0.57元仓储、预录入、铲车、搬运费,实报实销二.空运出口100公斤以下:报关费120元;劳务费65元;运输费180元;制单费50元100公斤以上:报关费120元;订舱手续费100元;装板费180元/板;制单费50元(市内拉货免收运费,市外2.50元/吨公里)三.货柜监管货物运输2.5吨货柜由北京海关监管到另一海关监管地起价1500元,超过200公里,每吨公里按3.50元收取。
国际空港转运货物,按照进口转运,出口转运,比对进出口货物收费标准收取航空货物运输包装要求一般规定:1、货物包装应坚固、完好,在运输过程中能防止包装破裂、内物漏出、散失;防止因码放、摩擦、震荡或因气压、气温变化而引起货物损坏或变质;防止伤害操作人员或污染飞机、地面设备及其他物品。
2、包装除应适合货物的性质、状态和重量外,还要便于搬运、装卸和码放;包装外表面不能有突出的钉、钩、刺等;包装要整洁、干燥、没有异味和油渍。
3、包装内的垫付材料(如木屑、纸屑)不能外漏。
除纸袋包装的货物(如文件、资料等),托运货物都应使用包装带捆。
严禁使用草袋包装或草绳捆扎货物。
4、捆扎货物所用的包装带应能承受该货物的全部重量,并保证提起货物时不致断开。
5、如果货物的包装不符合本手册中的相关规定,应要求托运人改进或重新包装后方可收运。
部分货物的特殊包装要求:1、液体货物。
容器内部必须留有5-10%的空隙,封盖必须平密;不得溢漏。
用玻璃容器盛装的液体,每一容器的容量不得超过500毫升。
单件货物毛重以不超过25千克为宜。
箱内应使用衬垫和吸附材料填实,防止晃动或液体渗出。
2、粉状货物。
用袋盛装的,最外层应使用塑料涂膜纺织袋作外包装,保证粉末不致漏出,单件货物毛重不得超过50千克;用硬纸桶、木桶、胶合板桶盛装的,要求桶身不破、接缝严密、桶盖密封、桶箍坚固结实;用玻璃装的,每瓶内装物的重量不得超过1千克。
告知书文档 (2)
孕前优生健康检查结果及评估建议(三联)告知书(第二联:县级服务机构保存)妻子姓名年龄联系电话丈夫姓名年龄联系电话家庭住址江西省定南县乡(镇) 村(居委会)1.在已接受的检查项目中,暂未发现夫妇双方存在对怀孕不利的风险因素。
建议定期接受健康教育与指导。
具体建议:2.夫妇仅一方(妻子/丈夫)接受检查评估。
在已接受的检查项目中,暂未发现存在对怀孕不利的风险因素。
建议另一方(妻子/丈夫)尽快前来接受孕前优生健康检查。
具体建议:3.在已接受的检查项目中,发现对怀孕不利的风险因素,建议进一步咨询及查治。
具体发现及建议:医生签名:李平华日期:2013年月日受检人签名:妻子日期:2013年06月日丈夫日期:2013年06月日打印日期2013年月日一、夫妻双方参检,本次检查结果示:、男女双方检查无异常。
、女方阴道清洁度3度。
、女方B超示:盆腔积液。
、女方乙肝两对半“大三阳”,ALT,无临床不适。
、男方检查无异常。
、男方乙肝两对半“小三阳”,ALT,无临床不适。
二、建议:、女方积极治疗阴道炎,治疗期间不宜怀孕。
、女方定期复查肝功能和乙肝两对半。
、女方于月经干净后3-7天复查B超,排除盆腔炎。
、女方接种乙肝疫苗及风疹疫苗,接种后6个月内不宜怀孕。
、下环术后3个月内不宜怀孕。
、男方定期复查肝功能和乙肝两对半。
、男方接种乙肝疫苗。
、男方戒烟后3-5个月以后才能怀孕。
、男女双方均属高龄,请做好怀孕准备尽早怀孕。
、计划怀孕时,从孕前3个月开始服用叶酸片,直至怀孕后3个月。
、孕前及孕期避免接触有毒有害物质,不饲养猫狗等宠物,慎重用药,均衡膳食。
、怀孕后请及时前来接受检查,我们将为你提供孕期保健和指导。
、此评估报告请妥善保管,复查或早孕检查时请携带。
、此结论仅代表此次参检结果。
一、夫妻双方参检,本次检查结果示:男女双方检查无异常。
二、建议:1、女方接种乙肝疫苗与风疹疫苗,接种后6个月内不宜怀孕。
2、男方戒烟后3-5个月以后才能怀孕。
人参的鉴别Word 文档 (2)
[原创]如何鉴别人参的真伪?野生品与栽培品有什么区别?中药学堂2009-10-31 12:41:43 阅读570 评论1 字号:大中小订阅人参为五加科植物人参(panax ginseng c.a.mey.)的干燥根。
栽培者习称园参,野生者习称山参。
产于朝鲜者习称高丽参(有白参与红参之分)。
人参在人们心目中占有重要的地位,认为它能长精力,是大补元气的要药,更认为多年生的野山参药用价值最高。
人参为多年生草本植物,喜阴凉、湿润的气候,多生长于海拔500~1100米山地缓坡或斜坡地的针阔混交林或杂木林中,主产东北三省,采挖多于秋季,人参晒干或烘干,称“生晒参”,蒸制后,干燥,称“红参”。
中医认为,人参性平,味甘,微苦。
具有大补元气、复脉固脱、补脾益肺、生津、安神之功能。
用于体虚欲脱、肢冷脉微、脾虚食少、肺虚喘咳、津伤口渴、内热消渴、久病虚羸、惊悸失眠、阳痿宫冷、心力衰竭、心源性休克。
现代药理研究发现,人参主要含10多种人参皂甙,以及人参快醇、β-榄香烯、糖类、多种氨基酸和维生素等。
有抗心律失常,抗衰老的作用,近年来的研究还发现人参的有效成分还具有抗肿瘤作用。
人参的传说深秋的一天,有两兄弟要进山去打猎。
进山后,兄弟俩打了不少野物。
正当他们继续追捕猎物时,天开始下雪,很快就大雪封山了。
没办法,两人只好躲进一个山洞,他们除了在山洞里烧吃野物,还到洞旁边挖些野生植物来充饥。
一天,他们发现一种外形很像人形的东西味道很甜,便挖了许多,当水果吃。
不久,他们发觉,这种东西虽然吃了浑身长劲儿,但是多吃会出鼻血。
为此,他们每天只吃一点点,不敢多吃。
转眼间冬去春来,冰雪消融,兄弟俩扛着许多猎物,高高兴兴地回家了。
村里的人见他们还活着,而且长得又白又胖,感到很奇怪,就问他们在山里吃了些什么。
他们简单地介绍了自己的经历,并把带回来的几枝植物根块给大家看。
村民们一看,这东西很像人,却不知道它叫什么名字,有个长者笑着说:“它长得像人,你们两兄弟又亏它相助才得以生还,就叫它…人生‟吧!”后来,人们又把“人生”改叫“人参”了。
ghhghg 文档 (2)
----------------------------------Unit 3 What’s in your kitchen?V ocabulary TaskAnswersA large bathtub (BR), a stove (K), a dresser (BD), an old couch (LR), a bed (BD), a refrigerator (K), a shower (BR), a toilet (BR), a lamp (LR), a small table (BD), a soft chair (LR), a small sink (BR), a big book-case (BD), a TV ( - ), a kitchen sink (K), a table & chairs (K), a coffee table (LR)ScriptIn my living room there is an old couch, a soft chair, a table, and a lamp. In my kitchen there is a stove, a sink, and a refrigerator. There’s also a bigtable and two chairs. My bathroom has a large bathtub, a small sink, a shower, and, of course, a toilet. And my bedroom has a bed, a dresser, a small table, and a lamp. There’s also a big bookcase.Listening Task1 First ListeningAnswers5. 1. bedroom 3. bathroom6. 2. kitchen 4. living room2 Second ListeningAnswers5. 1. This is a pretty big room.6. 2. It’s nice and sunny.7. 3. This room is very small.8. 4. This room is great.Script1. 1. This is a pretty big room, I think. The bed is in the corner, and there’s a small table next to the bed. There’s a lamp on the table. There’s a dresser, too, and two big bookcases.2. 2. Now, I like this room. It’s nice and sunny. There’s a stove and a small refrigerator. The sink is next to the stove. There is one chair and a small table where you can eat. There’s a small TV on the table.3. 3. Now, there’s this room. I know, this room is very small, but it’s okay. It has a show er and a toilet. There’s a sink, too, next to the toilet,but, as you can see, no bathtub.4. 4. Isn’t this a nice room? It’s big. There’s a big old couch and two soft chairs. There’s a table next to the couch. And there’s a lamp on the table. But the best thing is there is a really big TV. This room is great!Real World Listening1 PredictAnswerSize of room, furniture, how much it costs, swimming pool.2 Get the main ideasAnswersBusiness hotel: two beds, a bathtub, a couch, a tableRitz Hotel: two beds, a bathtub, a shower, a couch, a table, chairs,refrigerator, TV, poolScriptAlan: I looked on the Internet today and I think I found a hotel for us.Bob: Oh, yeah? Me, too. What does yours have?Alan: Well, it’s a business hotel. The room has two b eds. And, of course, abathroom. The bathroom has a bathtub, but no shower.Bob: That’s it?Alan: Well, in the picture it looks like there’s also a couch and table.Bob: Two beds, a couch, a table and no shower. Okay. Want to hear about myhotel?Alan: All right, but I –Bob: It’s the Ritz Hotel. It looks great! The room is really two rooms: abedroom with two really big beds and a living room with a couch, a table andchairs. There is a bath room with a shower and a big bathtub. And listen tothis. You also get a refrigerator and a big-screen TV!Alan: Sounds expensive.Bob: Wait. There’s even a health club with a pool!Alan: How much?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit 4 T-shirts and jeansV ocabulary TaskAnswers/scriptMiguel is wearing a blue T-shirt, jeans, socks, sneakers, and a red hat.Lydia is wearing a yellow dress, a green sweater, and brown shoes.Ricardo is wearing a black suit, a white shirt, and a light brown coat.Yasu is wearing green shorts, a blue sweatshirt, and sneakers.Trudi is wearing a blue swimming suit and a yellow jacket.Jennifer is wearing a blue jacket, black pants, and black shoes.Listening Task1 First ListeningAnswers7. 1. Lisa has a new job (at a bank).8. 2. Erin is going to a party.9. 3. Jeff wants to swim and run after work.10. 4. Colin works at a hotel. He is a waiter.Script1. 1. Lisa has a new job at a bank. In Lisa’s bag there are two dresses, ablue suit, a brown coat, and some shoes. She has a big bag!2. 2. In Erin’s bag there is a red party dress, red shoes, and a black coat.They’re for a big party!3. 3. Jeff wants to swim and run after work. In Jeff’s bag is a blueswimming suit. He also has socks, sneakers, and green shorts. He bought twoyellow T-shirts, too.4. 4. Colin works at a big hotel. He’s a waiter. In his bag are two blacksuits, four white shirts, and some black shoes.Real World Listening1 PredictAnswerThey’ll take e verything except the running shorts.2 Get the main ideasAnswersA ski jacket, 2 sweaters (a blue one and a yellow and green one), ski boots, apair of gloves, a (yellow and black) ski hat, a (blue) swimming suit, a (white)bathrobe, a (black) suit, a white shirt, a (red) tie, an extra pair of jeans, afew shirtsScriptSusan: Come on, David. Let’s get ready for the ski trip.David: Already?Susan: What do you mean “already”? We’re leaving tomorrow morning.David: Oh. Well. I don’t need to get ready. I can just take a few things, youknow, a ski jacket, a sweater, my ski boots. I don’t need much.Susan: you need more than that. How about gloves?David: Oh, yeah. I guess I need a pair of gloves.Susan: Right. And how about a hat? You’ve got a great yellow an d black ski hat.Take that.David: Oh, right. Okay. Where is my hat? Great. I found it. And here are myblack gloves. Ahhh…here’s my blue sweater. I’ll take this too. Susan, where’s myyellow and green ski sweater?Susan: I thought you only needed one sweater.David: Well, yeah, but…It’s always good to have two. Let’s see. What else? MaybeI’ll take this…Susan: David, our hotel has a spa and a swimming pool. Take a swimming suit.Your blue one.David: Right, right. My blue swimming suit. Then, of course. I need to take mywhite bathrobe. Okay. I think I’m ready…Wait, I guess I’ll take my black suit,too. And this white shirt and my red tie. So we can go out at night.Susan: I thought you only needed a ski jacket, a sweater, and a pair of skiboots…David: n o, actually, what I need is a bigger suitcase. I think I’ll take anextra pair of jeans, and maybe a few more shirts…Susan: David!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit 5 Where are you from?V ocabulary TaskAnswersColombian, Korean, French, Brazilian, Japanese, American, English, ThaiScriptHere is our music club. There are members from all over the world!First is Carlos. He’s Colombian. He’s from Bogota, Colom bia.Second is Sang-kai. He’s Korean. He’s from Seoul, Korea.Third is Michael. He’s French. He’s from Nice, France.Fourth is Maria. She’s from Sao Paulo, Brazil.Next is Michiko. She is Japanese. She’s from Osaka, Japan.Then Jackie. She’s American. She’s from Miami, Florida.And Jonathan. He’s British. He’s from Cornwall, England.And last is Sunt. He’s Thai. He’s from Bangkok, in Thailand.Listening Task1 First ListeningAnswers11. 1. Australia 2. Spain 3. China 4. India 2 Second ListeningAnswers9. 1. Liz (Walker) 3. Yu-an (Lee)10. 2. Carlos (Fernandez) 4. PurniScriptA: Is everyone ready? Please come up when I call your number…Number 1.1: My name is Liz Walker. L-I-Z.A: Are you British?1: No. No, I’m Australian. I’m from Sydney, Australia, but I live in the United Stated.A: Number 2.2: My name is Carlos Fernandez.A: Carlos?2: Yes. Carlos. C-A-R-L-O-S. I’m Spanish. I’m from Barcelona, Spain.A: Number 3.3: My name is Yu-a n Lee. That’s Y-U-A-N.A: Okay. And, Yuan, where are you from?3: I’m Chinese. I’m from Shanghai, China.A: Number 4.4: my name is Purni.A: Perdi?4: No. Purni. P-U-R-N-I. I’m Indian. I’m from New Delhi, India.Real World Listening1 PredictAnswerThey met at a youth hostel.2 Get the main ideasAnswersThey are at a youth hostel in London.Robert is from San Francisco, California.Miguel is from Bogota, Colombia.Keiko is from Japan, but she lives in Paris. She works there.She wants to do something fun.Silvia is from a small town near Venice, Italy.ScriptRobert: Hi, I’m Robert. How’s it going?Miguel: Hi. My name’s Miguel. Sorry, I didn’t catch your name.Robert: It’s Robert. I’m from San Francisco, in the U.S. Nice to meet you –Miguel.Miguel: Nice to meet you, too.Robert: Is this your first day here?Miguel: Yes. I just got to London today.Robert: Where are you from?Miguel: I’m Colombian. From Bogota, Colombia.Keiko: Hi. Can I sit here?Robert: Hello. Sure. There’s plenty of room. I’m R obert.Keiko: Hi. My name’s Keiko. Where are you from, Robert?Robert: Hi. Keiko. I’m from California. And you…? Are you from Japan?Keiko: Yes, I’m from Osaka, originally. Now I live in Paris.Robert: Really? What do you do there?Keiko: I work for a high-tech company. I’m so glad to be away from work.Robert: Right.Keiko: Do you have any ideas on fun things to do here in London?Robert: Yeah. Let me get my guidebook. And my map. I’ll be right back.Silvia: Hello. I’m Silvia. Do any of you know what time it is?Miguel: It’s 6:15. I think dinner is at 7:00. have a seat.Silvia: Thank you.Miguel: I’m Miguel. I’m from Colombia. And this is Keiko, from Japan. Where’reyou from, Silvia?Silvia: I’m from Italy. From a small town near Venice. Have you been to I taly?Miguel: No, but I’d love to go. I like Italian food. And, Italian cars.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit 6 Curly or straight?V ocabulary TaskAnswers/script7. 1. Carl is tall.He has short, wavy, blond hair.8. 2. Yumi is thin.She is also short.9. 3. Ana is pretty.She has long, straight, black hair.10. 4. Andrew is handsome.He’s a little heavy.He has curly brown hair.Listening Task1 First ListeningAnswers3, 1, x, 2, x, 42 Second ListeningAnswersScript1. 1. A: I can’t find your sister.B: She’s tall. She’s very tall. She has long brown hair. She likes to wear jeans and a sweatshirt.A: Oh, I see her.2. 2. A: Tell me again what your brother looks like.B: He’s kind of short. He has black curly hair. He likes to wear T-shirts with pictures on them.A: I think I see him.3. 3. A: Is that your son, there?B: No, my son is tall. He has short brown hair. His hair is straight. And he’s a little heavy.A: Let me look again.4. 4. A: I think I see your wife now.B: She’s short. She has short, wavy, blond hair. She is thin and…A: Kind of pretty?B: Well, yeah, I guess so.A: Yeah, I see her.Real World Listening1 Predict2 Get the main ideasAnswersBefore: fat, long, brown, curly (hair)After: thin, short, straight, blond (hair)ScriptK: Hello?L: Hi, Karen. This is Lisa.K: Wow! How are you? Where are you?L: I am at home. I just got back last night. From Hawaii.K: So how was it? Tell me.L: It was so great. Great. You should see me. The new me.K: What do you mean “the new me”? What did you do?L: Well remember my hair?K: Yeah…L: It was brown.K: Yeah…And long and curly.L: Well, now it’s blond. And…K: Let me guess. It’s short?L: Yeah. It looks so great. It’s short and it’s straight. And so blond!K: Blond, short, and straight? Wow! I can’t wait to see you!L: And, there’s?? more. I walked and jogged every day. And I went swimming alot. So good-bye, fat. No m ore fat. Now I’m thin.K: Thin and short, straight hair? I won’t know you.L: Wait. There’s more. A surprise.K: Can you come over now?L: Sure, I’ll run over right-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit 7 Who’s that?V ocabulary TaskAnswers11. 1. Carlos: grandfather, husband, fatherTeresa: grandmother, wife, motherKurt: father, son, husbandMaria: mother, daughter, wife12. 2. Thomas: (older) brother, son, nephewAnna: sister, daughter, nieceMarta: aunt, wifeRobert: uncle, husbandGabriella: aunt, wifeScript1. 1. My grandfather’s name is Carlos. My grandmother is next to him. Hername is Teresa. My father is next to her. His name is Kurt. My moth er’s name isMaria.2. 2. my older brother’s name is Thomas. My sister is next to him. Her nameis Anna. My aunt next to her is my aunt Marta. Her husband is my Uncle Robert.3. 3. My other uncle is Uncle Pedro. His wife is my aunt Gabriella.Listening Task1 First ListeningAnswersAnswers may vary, but should include:12. 1. brother, (younger) sister13. 2. grandmother, grandfather, grandparents, younger sister14. 3. mother, father, son15. 4. wife, son, daughter, mother, family2 Second ListeningAnswers1. my brother Marco 3. looks like father2. my younger sister 4. looks like motherScript1. 1. A: Oh, is this your brother and sister?B: Yeah, that’s my brother, Marco. And that’s my younger sister, Sar ah. And of course that’s me in the middle.A: I can see that!2. 2. A: These are my grandparents. My grandmother, she’s 81. but my grandfather, he’s even older, he’s 84.B: Wow! But they look so young!A: I know, don’ they?B: And who is this?A: Oh, that’s my younger sister, and that’s our dog next to her. A golden retriever. His name’s Clarence.3. 3. A: Is that your mother and father?B: Yeah, and that’s me, of course. Before I got my hair cut short.A: You look just like your father!B: Yep. I’m definitely his son!4. 4. A: This is my wife, my son, and my daughter. We’re at a hotel in Hawaii.B: You have a nice family. Your daughter. Looks like her mother.A: Yes, everyone says that.Real World Listening1 Predict2 Get the main ideasAnswersTop row, left to right: mother, grandmother, stepsister, sisterSecond row, left to right: stepfather, stepbrother, brotherScriptTony: Well, I brought some photos of my family with me. I want to show them to you.Friend: Wow, you brought lots of photos. Great!Tony: here’s the first one.Friend: Let me see. Oh, what a nice family. Is she your mother?Tony: Yes, she’s my mother.Friend: And who’s in the second picture?Tony: Oh, this is my grandmother.Friend: Does she live with you?Tony: Yep. She lives with us.Friend: How about in this picture? Who are the girls?Tony: Well, the one on the right is Carla –she’s my sister.Friend: And the one on the left is who?Tony: Um, that’s Ellen. She’s also my… sister.Friend: Oh?Tony: And in this pict ure, this is Lenny and Marty. They’re my brothers. Friend: Wait a minute. How many brothers and sisters do you have?Tony: Well, it’s a little hard to follow, but I’ll explain. This is my mother.And this is my mother’s husband Evan.Friend: that’s your fa ther.Tony: No, he’s not my father. My mother and father are divorced. And, Evan isalso divorced.Friend: Okay.Tony: And he married my mother last year. He has two children, also, one boy andone girl. Marty and Ellen. So, actually, Marty is my stepbrother and Ellen is mystepsister.Friend: Stepbrother and stepsister?Tony: Yeah. That means my mother isn’t their mother, but my mother is married totheir father.Friend: Oh, it’s a little hard to follow.Tony: Well, it really doesn’t matter now. We all just live together and we’re afamily.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit 8 where are we going?V ocabulary TaskAnswers/ScriptThe post office is next to the First National Bank.The bank is between Broadway Bookstore and First Aid drugstore.Antonio’s Restaurant is across from the library.Sherwood hospital is on the corner. It is next to Apple Tree Flower Shop.Listening Task1 First ListeningAnswers1. 1. post office 3. bank2. 2. hospital 4. library2 First ListeningAnswers1. 1. It’s on the corner, next to the bank.2. 2. It’s between the drugstore and the police station.3. 3. It’s down the street.4. 4. It’s on the corner, next to Adam’s shoe store.Script1. 1. A: Excuse me, where’s the post office?B: The post office? It’s on the corner, next to the bank.A: Thanks.2. 2. A: How can I get to a hospital?B: A hospital?A: Yes, I need to find a hospital fast.B: Well, there’s a hospital on Main Street between the drug store and the policestation.A: On Main Street? Thanks.3. 3. A: Whoops! I need to get some money.B: Well, there’s a bank down this street, or an ATM machine in the hotel.A: Let’s go to the bank. It’s closer, right?4. 4. A: Can you tell me how to get to the library?B: Sure, the library is easy to get to from here. Go down the street and turn left. It’s on the corner, next to Adam’s shoe store.Real World Listening1 predict2 Get the main ideasAnswersGo down this street. You will see the International Hotel of Kyoto. Across from the hotel is Nijo Castle. Also, NHK radio station is next to Nijo Castle. Nijo Castle is between the radio station and the International Hotel.ScriptMichael: Well, what do you want to do first?Colette: I know. Let’s go to Nijo Castle.Michael: Nijo Castle? Okay. Can you ask someone for directions?Colette: Okay. Here goes. Excuse me…we’re trying to find…Man: Sorry, sorry, I don’t speak English.Colette: Oh…Excuse me…where is Nijo Castle?Woman#1: Nijo Castle? <explains it in Japanese>Michael: Thank you.Colette: Did you understand that?Michael: No, I didn’t understand that. Let’s see if we can find another tourist. Colette: There’s someone. With a map. On th e corner. See?Michael: Let’s go. Excuse me, can you help us? We want to go to Nijo Castle. Woman#2: Oh, I’ve been there. Okay, go down this street. There is the international Hotel of Kyoto. Across from the hotel is Nijo Castle. Also, NHK radio station is next to Nijo Castle. Nijo Castle is between the NHK radio station and the International Hotel.Both: Great. Thanks for you help.Real World SpeakingAnswers/Script:5. 5. A: Excuse me. Where is the post office?B: It’s on Green Street, across from McD onalds.A: Did you say across from McDonalds?B: Yes, that’s right.6. 6. A: Where is the Grand Hotel?B: The Grand hotel? I think it’。
德育六个一文档 (2)
德育“六个一”活动
为提高我校学生德育水平,从本学期开始,我校开展德育“六个一”活动。
具体内容如下:
1. 每生、每学期读一本好书。
(以高年级学生为主)
2. 每生、每学期写一篇好文章。
(以高年级学生为主)
3. 每生、每学期参加一项公益活动。
(全校学生)
4. 每生、每学期掌握一项文体技能或爱好。
(全校学生)
5. 每生、每学期负责班级的一项工作。
(全校学生)
6. 每生、每学期做一件有意义的事。
(全校学生)
说明:读书要有读书笔记;写文章要存稿件;参加公益活动要有计划并付之于行动;文体技能或爱好根据本人特长和爱好而
定;班级事情很多,任意选择一项有益于班级或学生的事情去做即可;有意义的事的范围可适当扩大居住的村屯。
各班主任对本班学生要做好指导工作并做好计划、记录。
香山中心校
德育建设办公室
2013.04。
泪痣 Word 文档 (2)
传说,在眼角下方如有一枚褐色浅痣,那就是泪痣.而你的眼睛注定今生多泪,时而滂沱的泪,时而无意象露珠.这枚泪痣,为你生命中的爱而生长,它会发芽,成长,最后枯竭.哭的是你今世的爱,痛的是来生的情.如来世不能继续这爱情,那么泪痣会世世陪伴,和你一起等待,直到有天他会发现你的痛.还有一种浪漫的说法是:泪痣是泪水凝结后的样子。
暗红的色泽麻木包裹着浓浓的睡意。
泪痣,是燃烧的间隙。
是因为前生死的时候,爱人抱着他哭泣时,泪水滴落在脸上从而形成的印记,以作三生之后重逢之用。
有泪痣的人,一旦遇上了命中注定的那个人,他们就会一辈子不分开,直到彼此身心逝去。
而他也会为对方偿还前生的眼泪!泪痣,没有哭泣的权利,眼下一公分的位置,朱砂点不出的效果,如此真实。
泪痣,三生石上刻下的印记,连转世都抹不掉的痕迹。
还有一种说法,有泪痣的人注定得不到幸福。
但幸福与否,要靠自己的努力,不是泪痣能决定的。
民俗中关于泪痣果老星宗根据明代的《果老星宗》记载:泪痣位于眼角下方,属于非常吉利的吉祥预兆。
有泪痣的人,爱情甜美稳固,不会出现婚变。
五行中泪痣为水,“金生丽水,水为金之母”如果女士佩戴蓝绒晶、男士佩戴影子石或者红竹石可以,激活五行相生,佩戴人会,因此化解生活中小人的干扰。
免去生活中的起伏不定和迷茫。
事业爱情都可以得到双丰收,而且如果做善事积累善缘,一旦泪痣被蓝绒晶、影子石、红竹石激活,男士可以富甲一方,女士可以旺夫旺子事事顺利。
泪痣阴阳中属于“阴”最忌讳佩戴象牙制品,因为象牙五行属阴,一旦佩戴,阴气过重冲入百会穴,阳气耗竭会克死夫妻双方中的另一方,初期对方身边出现很多小人、之后多病,最后会死于非命。
太阳穴和颧骨最高点连成直线,然后从外眼角向下延伸出一条直线和刚才那条线大致垂直,以那个焦点为轴心,太阳穴,颧骨和外眼角为外围的区域都是爱哭痣的范围,最标准是长在那个焦点上,左右无所谓,关键是长在外眼角下方~~长眼睛上方的可能是天眼或是美人痣~。
The Tell-tale Heart文档 (2)
Analysis of the Tell-tale Heart1.What is the plot of the story?2.Who is the narrator?3.What makes him kill the old man?4.How does he prepare for his murder?5.Why does he always insist on his sanity?6. What reveals him as insane7. Find as many as possible the words and expressions that contribute to the effect of horror, dreariness, decay and gloominess.8. Explain how Poe exemplifies his theoriesthrough his writing.THE TELL-TALE HEART.1 TRUE! —nervous —very, very dreadfully nervous I had been, and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses — not destroyed — not dulled them. Above allwas the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Harken! and observe how healthily — how calmly I can tell you the whole story.2 It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but, once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! —yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture —a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so, by degrees — very gradually — I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.3 Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have [column 2:] seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded — with what caution — withwhat foresight —with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it — oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I first put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly —very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man’s sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see the old man as he lay upon his bed. Ha! — would a madman have been so wise as this? And then, when my head was well in the room, I undid the lantern cautiously —oh, so cautiously (for the hinges creaked) — I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights — every night just at midnight — but I found the eye always closed; and so it [page 30:]was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into his chamber, and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he has passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.4 Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch’s minute-hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never, before that night, had I felt the extent of my own powers —of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was, opening the door, little by little, and the old man not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea. And perhaps the old man heard me; for he moved in the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back —but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness,(for the shutters were close fastened, through fear of robbers,) and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept on pushing it steadily, steadily.5 I had got my head in, und [[and]] was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out —“Who’s there?”6 I kept quite still and said nothing. For another hour I did not move a muscle, and in the meantime I did not hear the old man lie down. He was still sitting up in the bed, listening; —just as I have done, night after night, hearkening to the death-watches in the wall.7 Presently I heard a slight groan, and I knew that it was the groan of mortal terror. It was not a groan of pain, or of grief — oh, no! —it was the low, stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe.I knew the sound well. Many a night, just at midnight, when all the world slept, it has welledup from my own bosom, deepening, with its dreadful echo, the terrors that distracted me.I say I knew it well. I knew what the old man felt, and pitied him, although I chuckled at heart. I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise, when he had turned in the bed. His fears had been, ever since, growing upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless, but could not. He had been saying to himself —“It is nothing but the wind in the chimney — it is only a mouse crossing the floor,” or “it is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp.” Yes, he had been trying to comfort himself with these suppositions; but he had found all in vain. All in vain: because death, in approaching the old man had stalked with his black shadow before him, and the shadow had now reached and enveloped the victim. And it was the mournful influence of the unperceived shadow that caused him to feel —although he [column 2:] neither saw nor heard me —to feel the presence of my head within the room.8 When I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing the old man lie down, I resolved to open a little —a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it — you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily —until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye.9 It was open —wide, wide open —and I grew furious as I gazed upon it. I saw it with perfect distinctness — all a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones; but I could see nothing else of the old man’s face or person; for I had directed the ray, as if by instinct, precisely upon the damned spot.10 And now — have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over acuteness of the senses? —now, I say, there came to my ears a low, dull, quick sound — much such a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. I knewthat sound well, too. It was the beating of the old man’s heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage.11 But even yet I refrained and kept still.I scarcely breathed. I held the lantern motionless. I tried how steadily I could maintain the ray upon the eye. Meantime the hellish tattoo of the heart increased. It grew quicker, and louder and louder every instant. The old man’s terror must have been extreme! It grew louder, I say, louder every moment: —do you mark me well?I have told you that I am nervous: — so I am. And now, at the dead hour of the night, and amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable wrath. Yet, for some minutes longer, I refrained and kept still. But the beating grew louder, louder!I thought the heart must burst! And now a new anxiety seized me —the sound would be heard by a neighbor! The old man’s hour had come! With a loud yell, I threwopen the lantern and leaped into the room. He shrieked once —once only. In an instant I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heavy bed over him. I then sat upon the bed and smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done. But, for many minutes, the heart beat on, with a muffled sound. This, however, did not vex me; it would not be heard through the walls. At length it ceased. The old man was dead. I removed the bed and examined the corpse. Yes, he was stone, stone dead. I placed my hand upon the heart and held it there many minutes. There was no pulsation. The old man was stone dead. His eye would trouble me no more.12 If, still, you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned, and I worked hastily, but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs. [page 31:] I then took up three planks from the flooring of the chamber, and deposited all between the scantlings. I then replaced the boards socleverly, so cunningly, that no human eye —not even his— could have detected anything wrong. There was nothing to wash out —no stain of any kind — no blood-spot whatever. I had been too wary for that. A tub had caught all — ha! ha!13 When I had made an end of these labors, it was four o‘clock — still dark as midnight. As the bell sounded the hour, there came a knocking at the street door. I went down to open it with a light heart, —for what had I now to fear? There entered three men, who introduced themselves, with perfect suavity, as officers of the police.A shriek had been heard by a neighbor during the night; suspicion of foul play had been aroused; information had been lodged at the police-office, and they (the officers) had been deputed to search the premises.14 I smiled, —for what had I to fear? I bade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream. The old man, I mentioned, was absent in the country. I took my visiters all overthe house. I bade them search — search well. I led them, at length, to his chamber. I showed them his treasures, secure, undisturbed. In the enthusiasm of my confidence, I brought chairs into the room, and desired them here to rest from their fatigues; while I myself, in the wild audacity of my perfect triumph, placed my own seat upon the very spot beneath which reposed the corpse of the victim.15 The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them. I was singularly at ease. They sat, and, while I answered cheerily, they chatted of familiar things. But, ere long, I felt myself getting pale and wished them gone. [column 2:] My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears: but still they sat and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct: I talked more freely, to get rid of the feeling; but it continued and gained definiteness —until, at length, I found that the noise was not within my ears.16 No doubt I now grew very pale; — but I talked more fluently, and with a heightened voice. Yet the sound increased — and what could I do? It was a low, dull, quick sound — much such a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton.I gasped for breath —and yet the officers heard it not. I talked more quickly —more vehemently; —but the noise steadily increased. I arose, and argued about trifles, in a high key and with violent gesticulations; —but the noise steadily increased. Why would they not be gone?I paced the floor to and fro, with heavy strides, as if excited to fury by the observations of the men; —but the noise steadily increased. Oh God! what could I do? I foamed — I raved — I swore!I swung the chair upon which I had sat, and grated it upon the boards; — but the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder —louder —louder!And still the men chatted pleasantly, and smiled. Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God! — no, no! They heard! — they suspected! — they knew!— they weremaking a mockery of my horror! —this I thought, and this I think. But anything [[was]] better than this agony! Anything was more tolerable than this derision! I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! —and now —again! —hark! louder! louder! louder! louder! —17 “Villains!” I shrieked, “dissemble no more! I admit the deed! — tear up the planks! —here, here! —it is the beating of his hideous heart!”Plot summary"The Tell-Tale Heart" is a first-person narrative of an unnamed narrator[1] who insists he is sane but suffering from a disease (nervousness) which causes "over-acuteness of the senses". The old man with whom he lives has a clouded, pale, blue "vulture-like" eye which so distresses the narrator that he plots to murder the old man, though the narrator states that he loves the old man, and hates only the eye. The narrator insists that his careful precision in committing the murder shows that he cannot possibly be insane. For seven nights, the narrator opens the door of the old man's room, a process which takes him a full hour. However, the old man's vulture eye is always closed, making it impossible to "do the work".On the eighth night, the old man awakens and sits up in his own bed while the narrator performs his nightly ritual. The narrator does not draw back and, after some time, decides to open his lantern. A single ray of light shines out and lands precisely on the old man's eye, revealing that it is wide open. Hearing the old man's heart beating unusually and dangerously quick from terror, the narrator decides to strike, jumping out with a loud yell and smothering the old man with his own bed. Thenarrator dismembers the body and conceals the pieces under the floorboards, making certain to hide all signs of the crime. Even so, the old man's scream during the night causes a neighbor to report to the police. The narrator invites the three arriving officers in to look around. He claims that the screams heard were his own in a nightmare and that the man is absent in the country. Confident that they will not find any evidence of the murder, the narrator brings chairs for them and they sit in the old man's room, right on the very spot where the body is concealed, yet they suspect nothing, as the narrator has a pleasant and easy manner about him.The narrator, however, begins to hear a faint noise. As the noise grows louder, the narrator comes to the conclusion that it is the heartbeat of the old man coming from under the floorboards. The sound increases steadily, though the officers seem to pay no attention to it. Shocked by the constant beating of the heart and a feeling that not only are the officers aware of the sound, but that they also suspect him, the narrator confesses to killing the old man and tells them to tear up the floorboards to reveal the body.Analysis"The Tell-Tale Heart" uses an unreliable narrator. The exactness with which the narrator recounts murdering the old man, as if his stealthy way of executing the crime is evidence of his sanity, reveals his monomania and paranoia The narrator of "The Tell-Tale Heart" is generally assumed to be male. However, some critics have suggested a woman may be narrating; no pronouns are used to clarify one way or the other.[2] The story starts in the middle of the event. The opening is an in-progress conversation between the narrator and another person who is not identified in any way. It is speculated that the narrator is confessing to a prison warden, judge, newspaper reporter, doctor or psychiatrist.[3]This sparks the narrator's need to explain himself in great detail.[4]What follows is a study of terror but, more specifically, the memory of terror as the narrator is relating events from the past.[5] The first word of the story, "True!", is an admission of his guilt.[3] This introduction also serves to immediately grab the reader's attention and pull him/her into the story.[6]From there, every word contributes to the purpose of moving the story forward, possibly making "The Tell-Tale Heart" the best example of Poe's theories on a perfect short story.[7]The story is driven not by the narrator's insistence upon his innocence but by insistence on his sanity. This, however, is self-destructive because in attempting to prove his sanity he fully admits he is guilty of murder.[8]His denial of insanity is based on his systemic actions andprecision—a rational explanation for irrational behavior.[4] This rationality, however, is undermined by his lack of motivation ("Object there was none. Passion there was none."). Despite this, he says the idea of murder, "haunted me day and night".[8]The story's final scene, however, is a result of the narrator's feelings of guilt. Like many characters in the Gothic tradition, his nerves dictate his true nature. Despite his best efforts at defending himself, the narrator's "over acuteness of the senses," which help him hear the heart beating in the floorboards, is actually evidence that he is truly mad.[9]Readers during Poe's time would have been especially interested amidst the controversy over the insanity defense in the 1840s.[10]The narrator claims to have a disease which causes hypersensitivity in his senses. A similar motif is used for Roderick Usher in "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839) and in "The Colloquy of Monos and Una" (1841).[11] It is unclear, however, if the narrator actually has very acute senses or if he is merely imagining things. If his condition is believed to be true, what he hears at the end of the story may not be the old man's heart but death watch beetles. The narrator first admits to hearing death watches in the wall after startling the old man from his sleep. According to superstition, death watches are a sign of impending death. One variety of death watch beetles raps its head against surfaces, presumably as part of a mating ritual, while others emit a ticking sound.[11]Henry David Thoreau had suggested in 1838 that the death watch beetles sound similar to a heartbeat.[12]Alternatively, if the heart beating is really a product of the narrator's imagination, it is that uncontrolled imagination that leads to his own destruction.[13]The relationship between the old man and the narrator is ambiguous, as are their names, their occupations, and where they live. In fact, that ambiguity adds to the tale as an ironic counter to the strict attention to detail in the plot.[14] The narrator may be a servant of the old man's or, as is more often assumed, his son. In that case, the "vulture" eye of the old man is symbolizing parental surveillance and possibly the paternal principles of right and wrong. The murder of the eye, then, is a removal of conscience.[15] The eye may also represent secrecy, again playing on the ambiguous lack of detail about the old man or the narrator. Only when the eye is finally found open on the final night, penetrating the veil of secrecy, is the murder carried out.[16] Regardless, their relationship is incidental; the focus of the story is the perverse scheme to commit the perfect crime.[17]Former United States Poet Laureate Richard Wilbur has suggested that the tale is an allegorical representation of Poe's poem "To Science". The poem shows the struggle between imagination and science. In "The Tell-TaleHeart," the old man represents the scientific rational mind while the narrator is the imaginative.[18]。
详细设计文档 (2)
详细设计文档1. 引言本文档旨在详细描述项目的设计过程和细节。
详细设计文档是在需求分析文档的基础上完成的,包括了系统的整体结构、模块的详细设计和关键算法的实现等内容。
通过本文档,开发团队可以更好地理解项目的设计思路和实现方式,从而有助于更高效地进行开发工作。
2. 设计原则和约束在进行详细设计之前,我们首先需要明确一些设计原则和约束,以确保项目的高质量和可维护性。
以下是本项目遵循的一些设计原则和约束:•模块化设计:将系统划分为若干个模块,模块间尽量高内聚低耦合,以便于理解和维护。
•可扩展性:设计应灵活可扩展,以便于日后根据需求的变化进行功能的增加和修改。
•性能优化:在设计过程中,要考虑系统的性能,尽量减少资源的占用,提高系统的运行效率。
•用户友好界面:设计应考虑用户体验,界面设计要简洁明了、易于操作。
•安全性:对于涉及到安全问题的模块,要考虑安全性设计,防止潜在的安全漏洞。
3. 系统结构本项目的系统结构采用了分层架构模式,包括表示层、业务逻辑层和数据访问层。
每一层都有明确的责任和接口,以实现模块化的设计。
下面对每一层的设计进行详细阐述:3.1 表示层表示层负责与用户交互,接收用户的输入和显示结果。
在本项目中,表示层主要由用户界面(UI)组成。
用户界面应简洁明了,方便用户进行操作。
在设计用户界面时,我们采用了以下几个原则:•一致性:用户界面的布局和交互方式应保持一致性,减少用户的学习成本。
•可操作性:界面上的元素应易于识别和操作,用户可以直观地理解其功能。
•反馈性:用户操作后,界面应及时给予反馈,以提高用户的满意度。
•易于导航:用户界面应提供清晰的导航路径,以便用户快速定位和操作。
•可访问性:界面应支持不同设备和不同用户的访问,提高用户的可访问性。
3.2 业务逻辑层业务逻辑层负责处理系统的业务逻辑,实现系统的核心功能。
在本项目中,业务逻辑层主要包括以下几个部分:•用户管理:实现用户注册、登录、修改密码等功能。
清洁验证学习资料 Microsoft Word 文档 (2)
引言清洁验证对于降低来自生产设备的药品污染的可能性有着重要作用。
它证明了合适的清洁工艺可以持续充分除去生产设备上/系统中产品残留、工艺残留和环境污染,所以该设备/系统可以安全地生产后续产品(相同或不同产品)。
在本技术报告中,其他处方类型。
如果仅针对用于各种生产情况。
读者应自行决定这些原则和规范是否适用他/她的具体情况。
本报告建立在1998年PDA技术报告第29清洁验证(1)的基础上。
该报告还利用2010年PDA技术报告第49号“生物技术清洁验证的要点”的原则盒要点(2)。
本修订版技术报告第29号作者非常感谢这两个较早版本的工作组成员,使我们的工作变得更容易。
本修订版技术报告提出了更新的信息,即结合了生命周期的验证方法和国际协调会议(ICH)的指导原则Q8 (R2) -药物开发、Q9-质量风险管理和Q10-制药质量体系 (3,4,5)。
此外,这份报告也有助于读者建立或评估自己的设备、设施的清洁验证计划。
该工作组是由欧盟和北美的制药专家、清洁化学品供应商和咨询公司组成。
该报告经过了一个全球性的技术同行评审,确保概念、术语、规范科学、合理,可在全球范围使用。
1.1目的/范围本技术报告涵盖了药品生产商清洁验证的各个方面,包括药物活性成分和药物制剂生产商。
也可以用于生物制药,但读者应该查阅PDA 技术报告第49 号“生物技术清洁验证要点”(2),获得生物技术制造方面更多的细节和特性。
我们采用了生命周期的清洁验证方法,包括清洗工艺的设计/开发、工艺确认(包括方案实施)和持续验证维护。
尽管采用了基于风险的方法,本报告没有详细论述基于风险的生产。
PDA已经成立了撰写该主题技术报告的工作组。
我们怎么强调风险分析在清洁工艺的选择和验证过程中的重要性也不为过。
这包括传统的基于对产品质量和对患者的影响的风险分析。
也包括商业风险的考虑,例如采取措施将产品污染损失降至最低(即使有检测系统防止受污染的产品被放行)。
本技术报告中的这些规范和相关指南是基于技术考虑并可以用于所有监管环境。
GCP培训DOC 文档 (2)86分的答案
GCP培训试题1,伦理委员会签发伦理审查批件时,需附带下列哪项文件?A.会议签到表B.伦理委员会成员表C.出席会议委员的研究项目D.伦理委员会成员表和出席会议的委员名单、专业情况及本人签名2,下列哪一类人员不必熟悉和严格遵守《赫尔辛基宣言》?A.临床试验研究者B.临床试验药品管理者C.临床试验实验室人员D非临床试验人员3,下列哪项不属于研究者的职责?A.做出相关的医疗决定B.报告不良事件C.填写病例报告表D.处理试验用剩余药品4,下列哪一项可成为进行临床试验的充分理由?A.试验目的及要解决的问题明确B.预期受益超过预期危害C.临床试验方法符合科学和伦理标准D.以上三项必须同时具备5,下列哪项不是受试者的权利?A.自愿参加临床试验B. 自愿退出临床试验C.选择进入哪一个组别D.有充分的时间考虑参加试验6.下列哪项不是对伦理委员会的组成要求?A.至少有5人组成B.至少有一人从事非医药专业C.至少有一人来自其他单位D.不一定需要经过GCP培训7,申办者提供的研究者手册不包括:A.试验用药的化学资料和数据B.试验用药的化学、药学资料和数据C.试验用药的化学、毒理学资料和数据D.试验用药的生产工艺资料和数据8.下列哪项不包括在试验方案内?A.试验目的B.试验设计C.病例数D.知情同意书9,最小风险是指预期损害或不适的发生概率和程度不超过以下哪种情况A. 日常生活,常规体格检查和心理测试B. 日常生活,常规医疗和心理测试C.日常生活,常规医疗和问卷调查D.日常生活,流行病学调查和常规医疗10.下面哪项不是伦理委员会审阅试验方案的要点?A.试验目的B、受试者可能遭受的风险及受益C.临床试验的实施计划D.试验经费的投11,在试验方案中有关试验药品一般不考虑:A.给药途径B.给药剂量C.用药价格D.给药次数12.告知一项试验的各个方面情况后,受试者认同并自愿参加该项临床试验的过程。
A.知情同意B.知情同意书C.试验方案D.研究者手册13.伦理委员会的会议记录,下列哪一项是不对的? A.书面记录所有会议的议事B.只有作出审查决议的事项需要记录C.记录保存至临床试验结束后五年D.书面记录所有会议的决议14.下列哪一项不是申办者在临床试验前必须准备和提供的?A.试验用药品B.该试验临床前研究资料C.试验用药品的质量检验合格报告D.试验用药品的质量标准15.在设盲临床试验方案中,下列哪项规定不必要?A.随机编码的建立规定B.随机编码的保存规定C.随机编码破盲的规定D.紧急情况下必须通知申办者在场才能破官的规定16.伦理委员会的工作应遵循:A.药品管理法B.药物临床试验质量管理规范C.赫尔辛基宣言D.以上三项17.由医药专业人员、非医药专业人员、法律专家及来自其他单位人员组成的组织,其职责是对药物临床试验项目的科学性、伦理合理性进行独立的审查.A.临床试验B.知情同意C.伦理委员会D.不良事件18. 《药物临床试验质量管理规范》的目的是什么?A.保证药物临床试验的过程规范,结果科学可靠,保护受试者的权益及保障其安全B.保证药物临床试验在科学上具有先进性C.保证临床试验对受试者无风险D.保证药物临床试验的过程按计划完成19.伦理审查的独立性体现在A.独立于研究者B.独立于项目资助者C.不受其他任何不当影响D.以上三项必须同时具备20,实施临床试验并对临床试验的质量和受试者的安全和权益的负责者。
国旗的含义 文档 (2)
这5颗中有一颗大星、4颗小星,大星代表中国共产党,4颗小星则代表全国人民,即建国之初的工人阶级、农民阶级、城市小资产阶级和民族资产阶级,同时,还代表着中国长达4000年的有文字记载的文化历史;在5颗星中,颗小星环拱于大4星之右,并各有一个角正对大星的中心点,象征中国共产党领导下的全国人民大团结;五星结体位于旗面的左上方,呈椭圆形,象征我国版图基本上呈椭圆形。
如今,五星红旗已成为我们中华人民共和国的标志
方形代表太平洋和大西洋,白色正方形象征加拿大的广阔国土。
中央绘有一片11个角的红色枫树叶。
枫树是加拿大的国树,也是加拿大民族的象征,代表了加拿大人对枫叶的喜爱。
是深蓝底色的红白米字旗。
这面旗帜由英格兰的白底红色正十字旗,苏格兰的蓝底白色斜十字旗和爱尔兰的白底红色斜十字旗合一而成
美利坚合众国的国旗旗面由13道红白相间的宽条构成,左上角还有一个包含了50颗白色小五角星的蓝色长方形。
50颗小星代表了美国的50个州,而13条间纹则象征着美国最早建国时的13块殖民地。
红色象征勇气,白色象征真理,蓝色则象征正义。
这面旗帜俗称“星条旗”(Stars and Stripes),正式名称“合众国旗”(The Flag of the United States)。
它在正式成为美国国旗后曾经过28次修改。
国旗是美国宪法以及权利法案所保障的所有自由的象征。
大多数时候它还是个人自由的象征。
妇产科术前讨论记录 文档 (2)
余干县南方医院术前讨论记录姓名:何富莲性别:女年龄:28岁,科别:妇科床号:18床讨论时间2012年7月31日15:30,主持者:吴水英记录者:吴水英参加人员(姓名,职称,或职务):吴水英:主治医师张芬太:副主任医师何日和:副主任医师讨论记录(术前诊断及依据,手术指征,有无手术禁忌,术前准备,手术及麻醉方式的选择,术中,术后可能出现的意外情况及防范措施):手术指征:右卵巢囊肿手术方案:硬膜外麻醉下行子右卵巢囊肿摘除术术前准备:1.常规化验检查2.向家属交代病情3氨曲南皮试,禁食,导尿等吴水英主治医师:患者何富莲,女,28岁,因“下腹部胀痛1周,,B超发现右卵巢囊肿1周”于2012-7-31-10:00入院,1周前出现无明显诱因下腹部胀痛,间歇性,不向它处放射,1周前到县人民医院体检B超发现右卵巢囊肿,平素月经尚规则,3-5/28-30天,量中等,末次月经2012-7-20,今日特来我院就诊,经相关检查B超示:右卵巢囊肿,约8cm*10cm 门诊拟“有卵巢囊肿”收入院。
患者近日来精神一般,饮食正常,睡眠尚可,大小便正常,体重无明显改变。
查体:T37C,P74次/分,R20次/分,血压100/60mmHg,神志清楚,精神尚好,发育正常,心肺肝脾无异常。
腹软,右下腹部轻压痛无反跳痛,脊柱成生理性弯曲,四肢活动自如,生理反射存在,病理反射未引出。
阴道通畅,粘膜色红,皱襞正常,无异味,外阴:发育正常,无溃烂,已婚已产式,阴毛呈女性分布;宫颈:表面无糜烂、肥大。
宫体:前位,正常大小,质中,表面未及结节状凸起,活动度尚可;附件:右附件可触及一约拳头大小包块,左附件未见明显异常。
入院诊断为:右卵巢囊肿何日和副主任医师:同意主治医师诊断。
目前诊断:右卵巢囊肿。
患者无手术禁忌症,准备明日在硬膜外麻醉下行右卵巢囊肿摘除术,告知患者及家属手术风险、术中可能出现的意外情况改变术式及并发症等,做好围手术期用药、清洁阴道,术中要注意有无腹腔粘连,保护好周围脏器,以免损伤,保护好腹部切口,以免污染。
解剖复习题文本文档 (2)
上泌涎核--面神经---{鼓索(下颌下神经节)----下颌下腺---舌下腺;岩大神经-----翼腭神经节----泪腺。}
下泌涎核---舌咽神经---耳神经节----岩小神经-----腮腺
28.视觉传导通路: 由3级神经元组成。第l级神经元为视网膜的双极细胞,其周围支与形成视觉感受器的视锥细胞和视杆细胞形成突触,中枢支与节细胞形成突触。向后第2级神经元是节细胞,其轴突在视神经盘(乳头)处集合穿巩膜形成视神经。视神经向后经视神经管入颅腔,形成视交叉后,延为视束。在视交叉中,只有一部分纤维交叉,即来自两眼视网膜鼻侧半的纤维交叉,走在对侧视束颞侧半的不交叉,走在同侧
34.锥体束走行及分布、核上瘫、核下瘫:锥体束是下行运动传导束,包括皮质脊髓束和皮质脑干束两种。因其神经纤维主要起源大脑皮质的锥体细胞,故称为锥体束。锥体束在离开大脑皮质后,经内囊和大脑脚至延髓(大部分神经纤维在延髓下段交叉到对侧而进入脊髓侧柱),终于脊髓前角运动细胞。病损时常出现上运动神经元痹麻(亦称中枢性麻痹或强直性麻痹)及锥体束征等.
1)非特异性投射核团:包括正中核和板内核等。
2)联络性核团:包括内侧核、外侧核的背层及前核。
3)特异性中继核团:包括外侧核腹层的腹前核、腹中间核和腹后核,其中,腹后内侧核接受三叉丘系和味觉纤维,腹后外侧核接受内侧丘系和脊髓丘系的纤维。腹中间核和腹后核接受运动纤维。
22.下丘脑与垂体之间的纤维联系:
运动性语言中枢(说话中枢):位于44及45区,紧靠中央前回下部,额下回后1/3处,又称Broca氏回。能分析 综合与语言有关肌肉性刺激。此处受损,病人与发音有关的肌肉虽未瘫痪,却丧失了说话的能力,临床上称运动性失语症。
听性语言中枢:位于22区,位于颞上回后部,能调整自己的语言和理解别人的语言,此处受损,患者能讲话,但混乱而割裂;能听到别人讲话,但不能理解讲话的意思,对别人的问话常所答非所问,临床上称为感觉性失语症。
无痛胃肠镜麻醉 文档 (2)
首先了解一下胃肠镜的操作:胃镜:最常用的是左侧卧位,头稍向前,含胸,取出活动性假牙,咬住牙垫,放置一弯盘接收口腔流出的分泌物., 将胃镜慢慢放入口腔至舌根部胃镜进人食道后由上向下循腔检查,观察食道粘膜的颜色、有无溃疡及糜烂、有无肿瘤。
胃镜深入大约距门齿40厘米左右,即到达了食管与胃的交界处,称为贲门。
临床上常说的贲门癌即发生在此处。
7、胃镜通过贲门后即进入胃内,可依次观察胃底及粘液池、胃体至胃窦部,一般镜身进人胃内距门齿60厘米左右即到达胃窦部。
在胃的小弯侧胃体与胃窦交界之处称为胃角,此处是胃溃疡的多发部位,胃角溃疡即是指此处的溃疡。
8、当镜身进入距门齿约70厘米时,即抵达幽门口。
此处是胃内容物向十二指肠排空的门户。
当它开放时食物才可排入十二指肠。
同样道理,幽门开放时胃镜才能进入十二指肠并观察有无溃疡。
有幽门梗阻时,胃镜是难以插进幽门的,从胃镜下即可判断有无幽门梗阻,以及是完全性梗阻还是不完全性梗阻.胃镜通过幽门之后即进入到十二指肠球部。
球部呈圆形,如有溃疡、糜烂即清晰可见。
十二指肠球部溃疡即发生在此处的溃疡。
有时根据需要将胃镜插至十立指肠降部,并观察十二指肠乳头,此处是胰胆管的开口处,十二指肠乳头癌即发生在此。
10、退镜时,从十二指肠再沿进入的路线重复观察一次,以防漏诊。
依次是十二指肠球部、幽门丁胃窦、胃角、胃体、胃底、贲门、食道。
由咽部进食道是胃镜检查过程中感觉最明显之处,也是人们所说的最难接受的痛苦之处.结肠镜是纤维内窥镜家族中的普通一员。
它通过肛门插入逆行向下可检查到直肠、乙状结肠、降结肠、横结肠、升结肠和盲肠以及与大肠相连的一小段小肠(回盲末端)。
在肠子的弯曲处乙状结肠和肝曲(,患者会觉得疼痛,而吹气时肠子会胀痛.这也是患者难以忍受之处.传统胃肠镜检查时间长、痛苦多、恶心、呕吐、腹痛往往导致操作困难;病人恐惧拒绝检查,“做胃镜”=“痛苦+恶心+厌恶”据有关资料显示在已接受胃肠镜检查和治疗的病人中,约半数人不愿意再接受检查,三分之一以上的人有恐惧心理相对于一般胃镜而言,无痛胃镜就是指在胃镜检查时通过应用镇静剂及(或)镇痛剂,使病人处于浅睡眠的麻醉状态,在舒适无痛苦的过程中完成整个检查,这样既可缩短检查时间,也可减轻患者的痛苦。
抓手指游戏文档 (2)
抓手指游戏
目的:培养学生的反应能力。
方法:学生围成一个圆圈,面向圆心站好,然后把左手张开伸向左侧人,把右手食指垂直放到右侧人的掌心上。
教师发出“原地踏步走”的口令后,全体踏脚步。
教师可用“1、2、1”的口令调整步伐。
当发出“1、2、3!”的口令时,左手应设法抓住左侧人的食指,右手应设法逃(其中抓住了挣脱的也算被抓住),以抓住次数多者为胜。
规则:
1.抢口令者抓住无效。
2.手掌不张开,抓住无效。
拓展:
在原来游戏的基础上,指定其中一名学生进行为“1”,之后顺时针“报数”,教师根据数的特点进行游戏,并以积分方式进行比赛,累计加分多为胜。
积分方法:
1、将游戏动作分为“抓”和“逃”两部分。
2、抓住了则加1分,逃脱了则加1分;没有抓住的或没有逃脱的加分为0;口令反应每错误一部分则扣1分。
具体游戏形式:
1、喊“奇数”,则报数为“奇数”的同学抓手指,偶数的不抓,负责逃。
其中如果偶数的同学也抓手指则扣一分。
2、如喊“2”则为2、2的倍数、或含有2(20、21、22均属于含有2的数)的数的同学抓。
说明:这类游戏可放在一节课的开始部分,有助于学生注意力的集中;亦可放在结束部分,游戏时,笑声不断(也可请输的同学表演节目),作为放松部分。
呵呵,我们可是结合儿歌来进行的。
玩游戏时,大家一起说:“躲阴凉,喝凉水,太阳出来抓小鬼!”当“鬼”字一出就去抓手指。
抓到得一分,分多者为胜。
技术文档 (2)
技术文档1. 引言技术文档是指记录软件、系统或设备的技术规范、实施指南、使用手册等内容的文档。
它起到了传递技术知识、指导技术操作和帮助用户解决问题的作用。
本文将介绍技术文档的重要性、基本结构和编写技巧。
2. 技术文档的重要性技术文档在软件开发、系统维护和设备操作中起到了至关重要的作用。
以下是技术文档的主要重要性:2.1 传递技术知识技术文档是技术团队与用户之间传递信息和知识的重要渠道。
通过技术文档,用户可以了解软件、系统或设备的功能、特性和使用方法。
技术文档还可以传递开发人员的技术设计和实施方案,帮助用户更好地理解和使用产品。
2.2 指导技术操作技术文档提供了详细的操作指南,帮助用户正确地使用软件、系统或设备。
通过技术文档,用户可以了解系统的安装过程、配置参数和操作步骤,从而确保系统的正确使用。
技术文档还可以提供故障排除和问题解决的方法,帮助用户自主解决问题。
2.3 帮助用户解决问题技术文档是用户在使用过程中遇到问题时的重要参考资料。
通过技术文档,用户可以找到对应问题的解决方案和操作步骤。
技术文档还可以提供常见问题和解答,帮助用户快速解决常见的技术问题。
3. 技术文档的基本结构技术文档的基本结构包括标题、目录、正文和附录等部分。
以下是技术文档的基本结构说明:3.1 标题技术文档的标题应简明扼要地概括文档的内容。
标题应具有准确性、吸引力和简洁性,以便吸引用户阅读。
一个好的标题可以提高文档的可读性和传达效果。
3.2 目录技术文档应包含目录,以帮助用户快速定位和查找所需信息。
目录应按照章节结构和层次化的方式编排,清晰地反映文档的组织结构和内容。
3.3 正文技术文档的正文是文档的主体部分,包含了具体的技术规范、实施指南、使用手册等内容。
正文应按照逻辑顺序和章节结构组织,清晰地呈现技术知识和操作步骤。
正文中可以使用图表、代码示例和实例说明,提高文档的可读性。
3.4 附录技术文档的附录是对正文的补充和拓展,包含了详细的技术细节、参考资料和相关资源。
GCP培训DOC 文档 (2)86分的答案
GCP培训试题1,伦理委员会签发伦理审查批件时,需附带下列哪项文件?A.会议签到表B.伦理委员会成员表C。
出席会议委员的研究项目D.伦理委员会成员表和出席会议的委员名单、专业情况及本人签名2,下列哪一类人员不必熟悉和严格遵守《赫尔辛基宣言》?A。
临床试验研究者B。
临床试验药品管理者C。
临床试验实验室人员D非临床试验人员3,下列哪项不属于研究者的职责?A.做出相关的医疗决定B。
报告不良事件C。
填写病例报告表D。
处理试验用剩余药品4,下列哪一项可成为进行临床试验的充分理由?A.试验目的及要解决的问题明确B.预期受益超过预期危害C.临床试验方法符合科学和伦理标准D.以上三项必须同时具备5,下列哪项不是受试者的权利?A.自愿参加临床试验B。
自愿退出临床试验C。
选择进入哪一个组别D。
有充分的时间考虑参加试验6.下列哪项不是对伦理委员会的组成要求?A.至少有5人组成B。
至少有一人从事非医药专业C.至少有一人来自其他单位D。
不一定需要经过GCP培训7,申办者提供的研究者手册不包括:A。
试验用药的化学资料和数据B.试验用药的化学、药学资料和数据C。
试验用药的化学、毒理学资料和数据D。
试验用药的生产工艺资料和数据8.下列哪项不包括在试验方案内?A.试验目的B.试验设计C。
病例数D。
知情同意书9,最小风险是指预期损害或不适的发生概率和程度不超过以下哪种情况A。
日常生活,常规体格检查和心理测试B. 日常生活,常规医疗和心理测试C。
日常生活,常规医疗和问卷调查D。
日常生活,流行病学调查和常规医疗10.下面哪项不是伦理委员会审阅试验方案的要点?A.试验目的B、受试者可能遭受的风险及受益C。
临床试验的实施计划D.试验经费的投11,在试验方案中有关试验药品一般不考虑:A。
给药途径B。
给药剂量C.用药价格D.给药次数12。
告知一项试验的各个方面情况后,受试者认同并自愿参加该项临床试验的过程。
A.知情同意B。
知情同意书C。
试验方案D.研究者手册13.伦理委员会的会议记录,下列哪一项是不对的?A。
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为了保证组织目标得以实现,就需要有控制职能。
纵向看,各个管理层次都要重视控制职能,( )。
时效性愈长约法尔是管理过程学派的创始人,他认为管理的职能有五个,即( ),这五种职能构成了一个完整的管理过程。
指挥和控制企业流程再造的目的是增强企业竞争力,从( )上保证企业能以最小的成本、高质量的产品和优质的服务赢得客户。
生产流程企业管理层次的差异决定了目标体系的垂直高度。
这样,企业目标就成了一个有层次的体系和网络,即是目标的( )。
层次性( )以后,在我国一些企业,目标管理思想得到广泛的应用,并在实践中与计划管理、民主管理、经济责任制等管理制度相结合,形成带有中国特点的目标管理制度。
70年代按预测时间范围长短不同,可将其分为短期预测、中期预测和长期预测三种。
一般地,预测时间范围越短,预测质量越高;反之,预测结果的准确性越低。
因此,在进行产品价格决策时,需要做的是( )。
短期用特尔菲法进行预测与决策,对专家人数的确定要视所预测或决策问题的复杂性而定。
人数太少会限制学科的代表性和权威性;人数太多则难以组织。
一般以( )人为宜。
10-15授权时应依被授权者的才能和知识水平的高低而定。
这就是授权的( )原则。
因事设人有一种领导理论,它将领导方式分为四类,即专权命令式、温和命令式、协商式和参与式,这种领导理论即( )。
管理系统美国哈佛大学的心理学家詹姆士在对职工的研究中发现,按时计酬的职工仅能发挥其能力的20—30%;而受到激励的职工,其能力可发挥至( )。
80-90一个管理人员的职能是“计划、安排和实施各种不同的生产过程”,这是( )中的观点。
1935决定一个组织经济效益大小和资源效率高低的首要条件是( ),其手段都是管理。
资源的梅奥等人通过霍桑实验得出结论:人们的生产效率不仅受到物理的、生理的因素的影响,而且还受到社会环境、社会心理因素的影响。
由此创立了( )。
人际关系企业管理层次的差异决定了目标体系的垂直高度。
这样,企业目标就成了一个有层次的体系和网络,即目标的( )。
层次性组织结构设计的出发点和依据是( )。
实现( )提出协调方式经历了相互调整方式、直接监督方式、标准化方式三个阶段。
享利美国通用汽车公司,在1920年的危机中,发明并最早采用( )组织结构。
M下列哪种方法不属于模拟情景训练法?( )结构式领导理论的发展大致经历了三个阶段,( )侧重于研究领导人的性格、素质方面的特征。
性格现代企业管理学认为,企业管理的重点在经营,而经营的核心是计划。
错“正式组织”与“非正式组织”的区别在于,“正式组织”中以效率的逻辑为重要标准。
错彼得·圣吉提出了学习型组织的五项修炼技能,认为不同的人,对同一事物的看法不同,是因为他们的智慧不同。
错麦格雷戈在德鲁克目标管理概念的基础上,提出了新的业绩评价方法,提出由下属人员承担为企业设置短期目标的责任,并同其上司一起检查这些目标的责任。
错对企业销售收入及其变化趋势的预测就是销售预测。
错按照预测时间的不同,可将其分为短期预测、中期预测和长期预测。
一般情况下,预测时间范围的长短与预测质量的高低成正比例关系。
错各级职务和岗位应当按等级来组织,每个下级应当接受上级的控制和监督。
这就是韦伯的理想组织模式的基本特征之一——职权等级。
对管理幅度、管理层次与组织规模存在着相互制约的关系。
也就是说,当组织规模一定时,管理幅度与管理层次成正比关系。
错权变理论亦称随机制宜理论,强调领导无固定模式,领导效果因领导者、被领导者和工作环境的不同而不同。
对对于规模较小或者必须时刻保持上下一致的组织来说,一般适合采用分层控制的方式。
错企业文化是指一定历史条件下,企业在生产经营和管理活动中所创造的具有本企业特色的精神财富及其物质形态。
错人员配备是组织根据目标和任务正确选择、合理使用、科学考评和培训16人员,以合适的人员去完成组织结构中规定的各项任务,从而保证整个组织目标和各项任务完成的职能活动。
错激励是指人类活动的一种内心状态。
它具有加强和激发动机,推动并引导行为使之朝向预定目标的作用。
通常认为,一切内心要争取的条件:欲望、需要、希望、动力等都构成了对人的激励。
错分层控制是指将管理组织分为不同的层级,各个层次在服从整体目标的基础上,相对独立地开展控制活动。
错用特尔菲法进行预测与决策,对专家人数的确定要视所预测或决策问题的复杂性而定。
人数太少会限制学科的代表性和权威性;人数太多则难以组织。
一般以()人为宜。
5-10德国社会学家马克思?韦伯在本世纪早期提出了理想的组织模式,即:所谓的“理想行政组织”。
韦伯主要依据()来描述他的理想的组织模式。
权威从企业组织结构的含义可以得出:组织结构的核心内容是()。
权责责任、权力、利益三者之间不可分割,必须是协调的、平衡的和统一的。
这就是组织工作中的()原则。
权责管理幅度是指一个主管能够直接有效地指挥下属成员的数目。
经研究发现,高层管理人员的管理幅度通常以()较为合适。
4-8授权时应依被授权者的才能和知识水平的高低而定。
这就是授权的()原则。
因事设人管理者授权时,必须向被授权人明确所授事项的任务目标及权责范围,亦即授权的()原则。
明确为了充分运用用管理者的专业知识和技能,有利于组织专业化生产和经营,常常采用()部门的方法。
按产品以职位的空缺和实际工作的需要为出发点,以职位对人员的实际要求为标准,选拔、录用各类人员。
这就是人员配备的()原则。
因事择人行为科学个别差异原则告诉我们,人的差异是客观存在的,一个人只有处在最能发挥其才能的岗位上,才能干得最好。
因此,要根据每个人的能力大小而安排合适的岗位。
这就是人员配备的()原则。
量才使用在选聘管理人员的时候,安排被选者担任某个临时性的“代理”职务,以防止彼得现象的发生。
这就是()的培训方法。
临时有一种领导理论,它将领导方式分为四类,即专权命令式、温和命令式、协商式和参与式,这种领导理论即()。
管理系统领导者的自身影响力取决于领导者本人的素质和修养,主要包括()等因素。
能力,情感领导者只决定目标、任务的方向,对部属在完成任务各个阶段上的日常活动不加干预。
这种领导方式被称作“效果管理”。
它属于()领导。
分权领导者要科学地用人,需要先识人,即发现人所具有的潜在能力。
科学用人的艺术主要表现在()等方面。
用人不疑当领导者面对一个非处理不可的事情时,不去直接处理,而是先搁一搁,去处理其他问题。
这种调适人际关系的方法就是()。
转移美国哈佛大学的心理学家詹姆士在对职工的研究中发现,按时计酬的职工仅能发挥其能力的20-30%;而受到激励的职工,其能力可发挥至()。
80-90马斯洛将人类的需要由低到高划归为五层次。
他认为,一般的人都是按照这个层次从低级到高级,一层一层地去追求并使自己的需要得到满足。
这就是著名的()。
需要管理人员在事故发生之前就采取有效的预防措施,防患于未然,这样的控制活动,是控制的最高境界,即()。
前馈企业中体现企业目标所规定的成员之间职责的组织体系就是()。
正式组织老张到总公司开会,回来的路上丢失了部分文件,致使总公司的指令不能及时被传达。
由此造成的信息沟通障碍源于()。
信息接收者当组织的外部环境变化不大时,企业组织结构可以体现较强的()。
刚性小批量生产企业的产品具有差异化的特点,常常根据顾客的要求进行设计、生产,对企业技术人员技术水平要求较高,适于采用()组织形式。
分权()提出协调方式经历了相互调整方式、直接监督方式、标准化方式三个阶段。
享利针对组织结构存在的某些缺陷,通过设立临时性或长久性的协调人员或协调组织实现协调,这种协调方式属于()。
结构协调组织结构设计的主体阶段是()。
组织结构()即U型结构,又叫“功能型垂直结构”。
直线职能美国通用汽车公司,在1920年的危机中,发明并最早采用()组织结构。
M以职位的空缺和实际工作的需要为出发点,以职位对人员的实际要求为标准,选拔、录用各类人员。
这就是人员配备的()原则。
因事择人行为科学个别差异原则告诉我们,人的差异是客观存在的,一个人只有处在最能发挥其才能的岗位上,才能干得最好。
因此,要根据每个人的能力大小而安排合适的岗位。
这就是人员配备的()原则。
量才使用在选聘管理人员的时候,安排被选者担任某个临时性的“代理”职务,以防止彼得现象的发生。
这就是()的培训方法。
临时人员配备的首要任务是()。
物色在管理人员选聘的测试办法中,考查人员事先不拟订谈话形式和内容的框架,而是以漫谈形式让备选人员自由发挥的方法是()。
非结构式将考评问题分级分类列表,发放给被调查者并要求填好后送回,由考评小组进行数据综合的考评测试方法是()。
问卷法有一种领导理论,它将领导方式分为四类,即专权命令式、温和命令式、协商式和参与式,这种领导理论即()。
管理系统激励过程就是一个由()开始,到()得到满足为止的连锁反应。
需要需要能够有效发现计划与计划实施之间差距的管理环节是()。
控制依据控制的()不同,可将其划分为现场控制、前馈控制和反馈控制。
环节在企业经营管理活动中,质量的含义是指()。
产品质量和工作质量零基预算的核心是()。
一切应“凡是预则立,不预则废”,是强调()的重要性。
计划日本经济之所以能在“战后”一片废墟上迅速发展起来,起主导和关键作用的是()。
培养生产计划、财务成本计划和供应计划等,是属于按()进行分类的。
企业系统管理学派认为,组织是由一个相互联系的若干要素组成、为环境所影响的并反过来影响环境的开放的()。
社会技术系统管理科学学派中所运用的科学技术方法,来源于()。
军队对企业现在和未来的整体效益活动实行全局性管理,就是()的核心。
战略管理企业在长期的生产经营和管理活动中创造的具有本企业特色的精神文化和物质文化就是()。
企业文化1990年,美国麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院的彼得?圣吉教授出版了一本享誉世界之作,引起世界管理界的轰动,这就是()。
第五项企业流程再造的目的是增强企业竞争力,从()上保证企业能以最小的成本、高质量的产品和优质的服务赢得客户。
生产流程按照计划内容表现形式的不同,可以将其分为目标、策略、政策等多种。
在决策或处理问题时,用以指导并沟通思想活动的方针和一般规定就是(),它指明了组织活动的方向和范围。
政策按计划内容的不同可以将其分为()。
专项计划在完全竞争的市场环境下,企业在追求自身利益最大化的同时,通过市场中“看不见的手”的引导,实现(),从而实现全社会的公共利益最大化。
资源配置戴维斯等学者指出,企业目标可分为主要目标、并行目标、次要目标。
其中,()由企业性质决定,是贡献给顾客的目标。
主要目标目标不是一成不变的,应根据外部环境的变化及时调整与修正,使其更好的实现企业的宗旨。
这就是确定企业目标的()原则。
权娈性企业管理层次的差异决定了目标体系的垂直高度。