广东外语大学课件：虚拟语气的用法(详细易懂)

虚拟语气的用法---表示可能的假设

假设语气表示现在或未来可能发生的事情。

if 子句用现在式表示未来。

If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.

如果明天下雨我们就待在家里。

if 子句表示愿意，相当于 are willing or disposed to.

If you will climb, I will climb, too.

如果你愿意爬，我也愿意爬。

if 子句中还可用其他多种时态，如?

If I have finished reading this book, I will boil coffee for you.

如果我已经读完这本书，我就给你煮咖啡。

虚拟语气的特殊句型

It is (high) time后接简单过去式，表示早该是...的时候了。

It is (high) time that I left. 我早该走了。

在假设语气结构里有时可以省略副

词子句，条件一般暗含在片语或上下文里。

Alone by myself, I wouldn't have been delighted.

Alone by myself相当于If I had been alone by myself

如果我单独一个人我是不会感到愉

快的。

假设语气中的副词子句可以省略连

接词if，此子句中的助动词had, were, should等要移至主语之前。Were I Jane, I would be very pleased to marry you.

Were I Jane相当于If I were Jane 如果我是珍,我会很高兴嫁给你。

would that相当于how I wish。Would that Jane accepted my proposal.

珍要是接受我的求婚就好了。

Even if...表示即使...也。

Even if you failed again, you shouldn＇t give up.

即使你再次失败，你也不应放弃。

may+原形动词是假设语气的一种形式，表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

祝你成功!

虚拟语气

假设语气：表示与事实相反

1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设用假设法,副词子句的动词用过去式，BE 不分人称，一律用were，主要子句动词用助动词 should (would, could, might)+原形动词。

I have to finish this part of the book. If I didn't finish it now, I would feel very bad.

我得看完这书的这一部份。如果我现在不看完，我感觉就会很不好。

If I were you, I would play first and study later. You always have time for the homework.

如果我是你，我就会先玩儿后学习。总会有时间做功课的。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设或想像，副词子句的动词用过去完成式，

主要子句用助动词 should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If you hadn't pushed me, I wouldn't have fallen over.

你如果不推我，我就不会摔倒的。

3. 表示与将来事实相反的假设，主要子句的述语动词主要用should (would, could, might)+原形动词，副词子句的动词有三种形式：

形式1：过去式，BE一律用were，表示假设成为现实的可能性较大。

形式2：should+原形动词，表示假设成为现实的可能性较小。

形式3：were+to+原形动词,表示假设成为现实的可能性最小,多用于正式文体中。

If I should fall over, I would get up myself.

倘若我摔倒了，我就会自己爬起来的。

If I were you, I would go fishing tomorrow.

如果我是你，我明天会去钓鱼。

4. 当副词子句与主要子句所表示的时间不一致时，假设语气结构形式应

would be quite all right now. 如果我不玩篮球的话，我现在什么事都不会有了。

引导虚拟语气的词

一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语子句(也就是that丛

句，而that常常可以省略)要用

:advice, order, request, suggest，insist(坚持), recommend(推荐),demand(要求)等。He suggested that I practice more.

他建议我多多练习。

表示假设语气的副词子句可以由不定词片语或分词片语等代替。

To think of his singing, I could hardly help laughing. (cannot help doing)

想起他唱歌, 我就会忍不住笑起来。

在as if, as though, in case(以防，即使), even if等引导副词子句中,表示与事

实相反时,要用假设语气。

Even if you laughed at me, I wouldn't give up.

即使你嘲笑我，我也不放弃。

表示假设语气的副词子句可以由with, without, but for(要不是)等介系词片语代替。

With his help, I would make more progress.

在他的帮助下，我会有较大地进步。